Lesson 6.

According to Wallace (2006) cited by Rhamdan (2011) ‘“tourism can be both a blessing and a blight
for host communities.” He further posits as the ecological and economic impacts of tourism loan
themselves to the simple and object dimensions, the depressing social impacts are highly
qualitative, subjective in nature and normally difficult to evaluate and quantify. Wallace (2009, 191)
further postulated that tourism impact in an economic context which can be measured using
indicators such as money. Similarly, the environmental brunt can be deliberated on vegetation loss
but the social impacts are infrequently measured.
Mathieson and Wall (1982, 177) stated that “there are also those impacts that may be identifiable,
such as increased crime rates, drug abuse and prostitution; however, they are difficult to attribute to
tourism rather than other factors of influence such as media intrusion and modernization.” Abdullah
et al, (1974), alleged that “there is no doubt that tourism is beneficial to host communities, however
the negative costs do accrue”.
Wallace (2009, 197) stated that “there is a perception among the ordinary man on the street that
tourism is not all good”. This point has been validated by Mak (2004, 9) whom stated that “people
have become aware that tourism can be a blight as well as a blessing and are demanding a more
careful evaluation of its benefits and costs”. Additionally, Mak (2004, 3) submits that the pervasive
problem of tourism can also lead to the loss of cultural identity and increase antisocial delinquent
activities which include crime and prostitution. Furthermore (cited in Wallace 2009, 197), Fotsch
(2004, 780) stated that “tourism can be understood in its growing importance for urban economies,
however, he submits that ‘tourism has consequences beyond its economic costs.” Young (1973) in
his article ‘Tourism: blessing or blight’ has established empirical evidence to support the negative
consequences of tourism which include specific environmental, political, socio-cultural and economic
consequences as alleged crisis of mass tourism.
In another research, Croall (1995: 1) stated that “A specter is haunting our planet: the spectre of
tourism. It’s said that travel broadens the mind. Today, in its modern guise of tourism, it can also ruin
landscapes, destroy communities, pollute air and water, trivialise cultures, bring about uniformity,
and generally contribute to the continuing degradation of life on our planet”
Wall and Mathieson (2006) argued that the important point is that the environmental, social and
economic costs of tourism were increasingly seen as outweighing its developmental benefits; in
other words, tourism development (particularly mass tourism) was increasingly considered to be
unsustainable. Additionally, Ash (1975, cited in Wallace 2009, 198) supports the view that “tourism is
all good and that it contributes towards the development of the third world”, however, Britton and
Clarke (1997) pointed out that “mass tourism may have collaborated in hindering the permanency of
local cultures and in spreading processes like prostitution and delinquency”.
In another study, Poon (1993, 287) submits that tourism is twofold, it is a double edged sword which
can be a potential blessing and it can also be a blight and many tourist destinations benefit from the
advantages of flows of tourists currencies that they bring. However, on the contrary, Poon argued
that “they have not completely avoided some of tourism’s negative consequences- prostitution,
crime, deviance, commercialization of culture and changing social norms and values”. Therefore,
according to Brown (1992) “Tourism can be both a blight and a blessing to host communities.”
According to Tounta (2019) Tourism has two sides its positive and negative side and the
tourism industry is not an exception. While tourism generates billions of dollars in revenue,
we seem to forget the harm it causes. Isn’t it horrifying that we have to fight our own
governments to protect the environment? It is not hard to guess what the position of these
governments would be since they are the ones to take the decisions. The places served by
ministries of tourism and destination marketing organizations are often victims of their own
success. Why? More destinations want a bigger piece of the pie and have accessible
strategies to magnetize more and more visitors and visitor expenditures. Results are
overcrowding, cultural homogenization and growing dissatisfaction by locals. Yes, tourism,
brings money, provides jobs, it provides a means and incentive for investment; it promotes
intercultural communication and “locality” and surely helps other industries such as airline
companies, food production, etc.
But it does harm too. Bad things can happen quickly, but good things aren’t built in a day.
Like it or not at the moment tourism is about economic exploitation; the privileged being
served by the non-privileged, cultural bullying, pollution, irresponsible tourism all around.
Daniel Kahneman mentioned in a conference that “[n]o matter how awesome the tourists’
experiences are they don't necessarily have much to do with the happiness of their
"remembering self." So, with sadness in my heart I believe that on average tourism causes a
little bit more harm than good.
Now consider Tourism like Frankenstein; a “monster” out of control with ominous
consequences. According to the report from the World Tourism Organization, international
tourist arrivals grew by over 4% in the first half of 2019 than 2018. The number is expected
to touch $1340 Million by the end of 2019 and this is set to keep growing in 2020. It is
expected that the sector will outperform the global economy in the next decade, increasing
by an estimated 4% on average annually in the next 10 years. But did you also know that
only 5-10% of the money tourists spend remains in the destinations they visit (mainly due to
leakage)? So, is that a monstrous industry?  Yes, it is! Is that monstrous industry has
negative effects too? It surely has! Universal antipathy towards tourism has long been a
common theme. Koson Srisang quarrels that tourism “does not benefit the majority of the
people. Instead it exploits them, pollutes the environment, destroys the ecosystem, and
bastardizes the culture… [It] epitomizes the present unjust world economic order where the
few who control wealth and power dictate the terms.” Look at the effects of tourism on the
environment; polluted air (by transportation), polluted water, deforestation, etc. The more
the people travel the more careless resorts, shops and ways of transportation will be
developed and the more forests, mountains, etc. will be destroyed.
2 I agree, because tourism and hospitality commercialize history and culture. Every country
has own history and culture and they are totally growth because of the hospitality and
tourism.
. According to Kierepka (2017) Tourism has become a common phenomenon, very important for
various reasons, especially for developing regions and countries, and which in consequence has
been perceived as positive. However, increasingly commonly works have cast a slightly different
look. Tourism leads to a temporarily increased number of people in a relatively small area, and
contributes to the introduction of ‘strangers’ to local communities which can lead to problems such
as crime. On the other hand, a higher risk of being a victim may lead to the reduced attractiveness of
a given destination. A small number of studies in this field draw attention to this, concentrating on a
general outline of their interdependence but specific urban tourist areas are rarely the subject of
research. This review covers various works on the relationship between tourism and crime.

Refferences

Rhamdan (2011) Tourism a Blessing and Blight for host Communities

Tounta (2019) Worldwide Tourism Industry Blessing or Curse? The other Side of the coin.
https://www.traveldailynews.com/post/worldwide-tourism-industry-blessing-or-curse-the-other-side-
of-the-coin

Kierepka (2017) 320845995_CRIME_IN_TOURISM_DESTINATIONS_RESEARCH_REVIEW

https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://cla.auburn.edu/econwp/Archives/2014/2014-
01.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiHudnB3avtAhXFad4KHeabACkQFjAOegQICxAB&usg=AOvVaw31u7T8O5H_1Ah-
aP7IN9Hq&cshid=1606790301289
APPLICATION

1.Positive and Negative effects of tourism and hospitality in terms of:

Economy- the positive effects of tourism and hospitality in economy are create lots of job and
opportunities to those people unemployed. And hospitality and tourism can help our economic growth.
Negative effects of tourism and hospitality increased crime and can change the culture of one country.

Society- Positive effects of tourism and hospitality in Society, we can learn how to socialize and we can
easily communicate to others. Negative effects are can cause of increased crime.

Culture – Positive effects, culture may represent our country and it may one of the tourist attraction.
Negative effects, we can adopt other culture because of tourism and hospitality

Environmental- positive effects of tourism and hospitality can help us to promote the natural resources
of each country. Negative effects are threat to regions natural and natural sources like water supply.

2. We can lessen the negative effects by controlling the number of tourist and always remind yourself
that you have your own culture.