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Theory of Metal Cutting Basics

This document provides an introduction to the theory of metal cutting. It discusses non-cutting shaping processes versus cutting shaping processes, also called machining processes, which involve removing material from metal. The key elements of machining are described as the workpiece, tool, and chip. Relative motion between the tool and workpiece is required for cutting. The properties of the workpiece material and tool, as well as tool geometry, impact the machining process and chip formation. Cutting fluid is also noted as having an effect when used at the cutting interface.

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Shivanshu shekhar
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386 views2 pages

Theory of Metal Cutting Basics

This document provides an introduction to the theory of metal cutting. It discusses non-cutting shaping processes versus cutting shaping processes, also called machining processes, which involve removing material from metal. The key elements of machining are described as the workpiece, tool, and chip. Relative motion between the tool and workpiece is required for cutting. The properties of the workpiece material and tool, as well as tool geometry, impact the machining process and chip formation. Cutting fluid is also noted as having an effect when used at the cutting interface.

Uploaded by

Shivanshu shekhar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Theory of Metal Cutting 1

INTRODUCTION TO THEORY OF METAL CUTTING

Metals are shaped into usable forms or products through various processes. Some are
called:

Non-Cutting Shaping Process: No material removal or chip formation. Metal is


shaped under the action of heat, pressure or both.

Ex: Forging, Drawing, Extrusion, Rolling Operations etc.

Cutting Shaping Process: Also called Machining Process. Metal is shaped by


removing material from it.

Ex: Turning, Boring, Drilling, Shaping, Milling Operations etc.

Q. What do you mean by Machining Process?

Answer: Machining is a material removal process, in which unwanted material is


removed from the Workpiece in order to provide a required shape and size to the blank
as per the design, by the help of some machine tool.

Basic Objectives of Efficient and Economical Machining Practice:

• Quick Material Removal


• High Class Surface Finish
• Tooling Cost Minimization
• Less Power Consumption
• Idle time Reduction

Basic Elements of Machining:

Basic elements of a machining process


are:

A. Workpiece
B. Tool
C. Chip

The picture represents Cutting Action of a


Tool.

P Prasenjit Swain
Theory of Metal Cutting 2

In order to provide a cutting action, a Relative Motion between the Tool and Work is
required.

• Relative Motion 1: Work (Stationary) Tool (Moving)


• Relative Motion 2: Work (Moving) Tool (Stationary)
• Relative Motion 3: Both Tool & Work moving in relation to each other.

Workpiece: Also referred as Stock/Blank. It is the parent metal from which material is
to be removed.

The physical properties and chemical composition of metal of the work-piece have a
significant effect on machining process.

Tool: Cutting tool is responsible to produce the cutting action and to separate the
unwanted material from the work-piece.

Tool material and its geometry are also equally significant for a successful machining.

Chip: The unwanted material removed from the workpiece is called as Chip. Formation
of chip is greatly affected by the work material, tool geometry and method of cutting.

*Cutting fluid which is used at the cutting interface, has considerable effect on the machining process.

P Prasenjit Swain

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