TITLE IN CAPS (FONT SIZE 16)
Submitted to
Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi
A project work proposal in partial fulfillment for the requirement for the award of the degree
of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Mechanical Engineering
Under the Guidance of
Prof. XYZ
Assistant Professor/ Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT Mysore
Submitted by
Abcd 4MH1XMEXXX
Abcd 4MH1XMEXXX
Abcd 4MH1XMEXXX
Abcd 4MH1XMEXXX
2020 - 2021
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
MYSORE
MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE
(Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Final Year Student Project – Work Proposal
Certificate
This is to certify that project work proposal submitted by xxx, yyy, zzz are the
bonafied students of MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE and
this report satisfies the academic requirements in partial fulfillment for the award of
the degree of Bachelor of Engineering and approved to carry out for academic year
2020 - 2021.
Guide Co-Guide
Signature: Signature:
Name: Name: HoD
Evaluator 1 Evaluator 2
(Sign with (Sign with
Fabrication of Conceptual Model of Intelligent Braking System
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY
CHAPTER 3: PROBLEM DEFITION AND
OBJECTIVE
CHAPTER 4: METHADOLOGY
CHAPTER 5: POSSIBLE OUTCOME
Department of Mechanical Engineering , MIT Mysore
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Road accidents are a common place in today’s scenario. Accident
prevention has been one of the leading areas of research. In Indian scenario,
normally vehicles are equipped with ABS (Anti-Lock Braking System), traction
control, brake assist etc. for driver’s safety. All these systems employ different
types of sensor to constantly monitor the conditions of the vehicle and respond
in an emergency situation. We are also working and studying parallel to this
topic. We are developing the prototype model of intelligent braking system
which uses ultrasonic sensors in safety system for the controlling the speed of
the vehicle. This project includes an ultrasonic wave emitter to provide on the
front portion of the car. An ultrasonic receiver is also fitted to receive the signal.
The reflected wave gives the distance between the obstacle and the vehicle then
an Arduino is used to detect the pulses and apply the brakes.
Driving is a compulsory activity for most people. People use cars to move
from one place to another. The number of vehicles is increasing day by day.
Nowadays, the numbers of accident is so high and uncertain. Accidents occur
frequently and cause worse damage, serious injury and death. These accidents
are mostly caused by delay of the driver to hit the brake. The braking system
was designed and applied on a car to make the driving process safety using
embedded system design. Currently, vehicles are often equipped with active
safety systems to reduce the risk of accidents, many of which occur in the
urban environments. The most popular include Antilock Braking Systems
(ABS), traction control and stability control. All these systems employ
different types of sensors to constantly monitor the conditions.
An intelligent mechatronic system includes an ultrasonic wave emitter
provided on the front portion of a car producing and emitting ultrasonic waves
frontward in a predetermined distance. An ultrasonic receiver is also placed on
the front portion of the car operatively receiving a reflective ultrasonic wave
signal. The reflected wave (detected pulse) gives the distance between the
obstacle and the vehicle and RPM counter gives speed of vehicle. The
microcontroller is used to control the braking of the vehicle based on the
detection pulse information to push the brake pedal and apply brake to the car
stupendously for safety purpose.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
Hemalatha B. K. [1] in their work the intelligent braking system means a
braking system that provides a safety for vehicle during the parking of vehicle
in parking area. Many time it seems that the driver unable to judge the obstacle
at back side of vehicle during the parking of vehicle. So, Intelligent Braking
System introduced with the feature that avoid the damaging of vehicle during
the parking process. The project, Intelligent Braking System is planning to
introduce a new advanced system in automobile market. Damaging During a
parking of vehicle is quite major problem but until there is no solution on this
problem. So we introduced a new system that will avoid damaging of vehicle
during parking. Intelligent Braking System will open up new and promising
opportunities to engineer in order of safety and discipline. Basic human being
are many time unable to judge the accurate and safe required distance during the
parking in parking area.
Gopal P. Gawande [2] in their work intelligent braking system is introduced
for providing safety and comfort to driver during parking of car. The main aim
of system is to avoid critical damage of vehicles at the time parking. Most of the
time drivers unable to judge the proper distance between the car and obstacle, so
this system will helpful as well as important in car and driver safety. The
intelligent braking system will open up a new ideas and concepts for automobile
industry as the requirements of human beings for comfort and safe driving are
increases. This system is addition in regular safety system. And also increases
the demand of vehicle in market view.
Divya Thakur Prof. A. P. [3] they have estimated automotive vehicles are
increasingly being equipped with collision avoidance and warning systems for
predicting the potential collision with an external object, such as another vehicle
or a pedestrian. Upon detecting a potential collision, such systems typically
initiate an action to avoid the collision and/or provide a warning to the vehicle
operator. The aim is to design and develop a control system based on an
automatic, intelligent and electronically controlled automotive braking system
for automobiles is called as “INTELLIGET BRAKING SYSTEM”. This
Braking system consists of IR transmitter and receiver circuit and the vehicle.
The IR sensor is used to detect the obstacle. There is any obstacle in the path,
the IR sensor senses the obstacle and giving the control signal to the
microcontroller, which in turn sends a signal to the motor to stop and also to the
solenoid so as to stop the vehicle as programmed. This project facilitates
electromagnetic braking system using solenoid. Here in fabrication module
include a circular disc associated with a dc motor and a solenoid. Embedded
system module includes micro controller with a solenoid and sensor.
Dhanya K. R. R. Jeyanthi [4] in their work the automation technology has
provided us with various systems that reduce the time and human error. As
personally one is very careful about, otherwise damage being caused to the
vehicle. In view of this to provide a proper guidance to the vehicle, means are
provided. When the vehicle gets too close to the object, the alarm is triggered
this warns the driver about an object. But this feature has many problems and is
prone to human error. We have enhanced the facility by using automatic
braking when an obstacle is close by. Therefore, in this paper we propose an
“Automatic Braking system” to prevent collision by using sensors to detect
obstacles. The “Automatic Braking system” will process the sensor data and
control the vehicle to prevent accidents caused by careless driving or difficulty
in detecting objects in reverse
CHAPTER-3
PROBLEM DEFINITON
Now-a-days safety has become one of the important aspects of
automobile industries. Automation is the key which keep the safety at our
fingers. In other words, an unskilled or less exampled can handle the automobile
vehicle with greater safety
Various accidents happen with the automobiles which cause serious
injury and inefficient breaking is most probable reason. It is incontestable,
statistically proved fact that year on year incidents involving a reversing vehicle
account for 20 to 30 percentage of all reported work related serious injuries or
fatalities.
Presently cars have alarm system when the car gets too close to an object
this alarm triggered which warns the driver about the close by object. But this
feature has produced lot of problems and is prone to human error. We have
enhanced the facility by using the same system but we have altered it, so that
the car applies brake to slow down and comes to rest when an obstacle is close
by. This is a prototype of an effective methodology for automatic control of
braking system to avoid accidents. In this technology we used Arduino, UV
transmitter and UV receiver for effective function of braking control system.
This complete system can be fitted on to dashboard of a vehicle and effectively
used for automatic control braking system.
OBJECTIVE
IBS brakes have been proven to save lives in some situations by helping drivers
keep control of a vehicle. An IBS shares some of the infrastructure of a traction
control system, where new technology helps ensure that each wheel has traction
on the road. That makes it easy for manufacturers to install both of these
features at the factory.
Intelligent braking systems coordinate wheel activity with a sensor on each
wheel that regulates brake pressure as necessary, so that all wheels are
operating in a similar speed range. And help drivers have better control of a
vehicle in some road conditions where hard braking may be necessary [9].
CHAPTER -4
METHODOLOGY
Based on the literature survey carried out on various braking system,
need for an intelligent braking system was necessary.
Detail design of braking system is carried out. A 3D model of designed
braking system is carried out in CATIA.
The component of the system are fabricated and assembled.
Testing is carried out using the fabricated model.
Flow chart
Survey
Design
Fabrication and
Assembly
Testing
CHAPTER-5
POSSIBLE OUTCOME
In the present work, a prototype of an Intelligent Braking System using
ultrasonic sensor is developed to apply brake when an obstacle is detected
which brings the vehicle to rest.
An ultrasonic sensor which is cheaper and less demanding of hardware
than other types of sensors presently used, such as the sensors based on
computer vision or radar is used to measure the distance between vehicle
and the obstacle.
These quantities are used by the control system to calculate the actions on
both the accelerator and also the brake, thus to adjust the speed in order to
maintain a safe distance to prevent accidents.
