Real Test 19

Test 19
SECTION 1
Time— 30 minutes
38 Questions

Directions: Each sentence below has one or two 4. A number of scientists have published articles
blanks, each blank indicating that something has ------- global warming, stating ------- that there
been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered is no solid scientific evidence to support the
words or sets of words. Choose the word or set of theory that the Earth is warming because of
words for each blank that best fits the meaning of increases in greenhouse gases.
the sentence as a whole.
(A) debunking. .categorically
(B) rejecting. .paradoxically
1. As businesses become aware that their (C) deploring. .optimistically
advertising must ------- the everyday concerns (D) dismissing. .hesitantly
of consumers, their commercials will be (E) proving. .candidly
characterized by a greater degree of -------.
5. The senator's attempt to convince the public that
(A) allay. .pessimism she is not interested in running for a second
(B) address. .realism term is as -------- as her opponent's attempt to
(C) evade. .verisimilitude disguise his intention to run against her.
(D) engage. .fancy
(E) change. .sincerity (A) biased
(B) unsuccessful
2. Because the lawyer's methods were found to be (C) inadvertent
-------, the disciplinary committee ------- his (D) indecisive
privileges. (E) remote

(A) unimpeachable. .suspended 6. Mac Rory’s conversation was --------: she could
(B) ingenious. .withdrew never tell a story, chiefly because she always
(C) questionable. .expanded forgot it, and she was never guilty of a witticism,
(D) unscrupulous. .revoked unless by accident.
(E) reprehensible. .augmented
(A) scintillating
3. People of intelligence and achievement can (B) unambiguous
nonetheless be so ------- and lacking in ------- (C) perspicuous
that they gamble their reputations by breaking (D) stultifying
the law to further their own ends. (E) facetious

(A) devious. .propensity 7. Despite its many --------, the whole-language

(B) culpable. .prosperity philosophy of teaching reading continues to
(C) obsequious. .deference gain -------- among educators.
(D) truculent. .independence
(E) greedy. .integrity (A) detractors. .notoriety
(B) adherents. .prevalence
(C) critics. .currency
(D) enthusiasts. .popularity
(E) practitioners. .credibility

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 최영범 esoterica GRE

Directions: In each of the following questions, 12. PAIN : ANALGESIC ::

a related pair of words or phrases is followed by (A) energy : revitalization
five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the (B) interest : stimulation
lettered pair that best expresses a relationship (C) symptom : palliative
similar to that expressed in the original pair. (D) despair : anxiety
(E) reward : incentive

8. CENSUS : POPULATION :: 13. VOICE :SHOUT ::

(A) interrogation : guilt (A) ear : overhear
(B) survey : price (B) eye : see
(C) interview : personality (C) hand : clutch
(D) questionnaire : explanation (D) nerve : feel
(E) inventory : stock (E) nose : inhale

9. AUTHENTICITY : FRAUDULENT :: 14. PONTIFICATE : SPEAK ::

(A) morality : utopian (A) strut : walk
(B) intensity : vigorous (B) stare : look
(C) sincerity : hypocritical (C) patronize : frequent
(D) particularity : unique (D) eulogize : mourn
(E) plausibility : narrated (E) reciprocate : give

10. VARNISH : GLOSSY :: 15. BIBLIOPHILE : BOOKS ::

(A) sharpen : blunt (A) environmentalist : pollution
(B) measure : deep (B) zoologist : animals
(C) sand : smooth (C) gourmet : food
(D) approximate : precise (D) calligrapher : handwriting
(E) anchor : unstable (E) aviator : aircraft

11. AMENITY : COMFORTABLE :: 16. INDIGENT : WEALTH ::

(A) tact : circumspect (A) presumptuous : independence
(B) nuisance : aggravated (B) imperturbable : determination
(C) honorarium : grateful (C) inevitable : inescapability
(D) favorite : envious (D) indigestible : sustenance
(E) lounge : patient (E) redundant : indispensability

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 Real Test 19

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose
the best answer to each questions. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied
in that passage.

This passage is based on an article published in 1990. every 100,000 years, matching the period of the
orbital eccentricity variation. In addition, “wrinkles”
Eight times within the pat million years, some- (55) superposed on each cycle— small decreases or surges
thing in the Earth’s climatic equation has changed, in ice volume— have come at intervals of roughly
allowing snow in the mountains and the northern 23,000 and 41,000 years, in keeping with the pre-
Linelatitudes to accumulate from one season to the next cession and tilt frequencies of the Earth’s spin axis.
(5) instead of melting away. Each time, the enormous ice
sheets resulting from this continual buildup lasted tens
of thousands of years until the end of each particular 17. Which of the following best expresses the main
glacial cycle brought a warmer climate. Scientists idea of the passage?
speculated that these glacial cycles were ultimately
(10) driven by astronomical factors: slow, cyclic changes (A) Marine sediments have allowed scientists to
in the eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit and in the tilt amass evidence tending to confirm that
and orientation of its spin axis. But up until around astronomical cycles drive the Earth’s
30 years ago, the lack of an independent record of ice- glacial cycles.
age timing made the hypothesis untestable. (B) the ratio between two different isotopes of
(15) Then in the early 1950’s Emiliani produced the oxygen in seawater correlates closely
first complete record of the waxings and wanings with the size of the Earth’s ice sheets.
of past glaciations. It came from a seemingly odd (C) Surprisingly, single-cell marine organisms
place, the seafloor. Single-cell marine organisms provide a record of the Earth’s ice ages.
called "foraminifera" house themselves in shells made (D) The Earth’s astronomical cycles have
(20) from calcium carbonate. When the foraminifera die, recently been revealed to have an
sink to the bottom, and become part of seafloor sedi- unexpectedly large impact on the Earth’s
ments, the carbonate of their shells preserves certain climate.
characteristics of the seawater they inhabited. In (E) The earth has experienced eight periods of
particular, the ratio of a heavy, isotope of oxygen intense glaciation in the past million years,
(25) (oxygen-18) to ordinary oxygen (oxygen-16) in the primarily as a result of substantial
carbonate preserves the ratio of the two oxygens in changes in its orbit.
water molecules.
It is now understood that the ratio of oxygen iso- 18. The passage asserts that one reason that
topes in seawater closely reflects the proportion of oceans become enriched in oxygen-18 as ice
(30) the world’s water locked up in glaciers and ice sheets. sheets grow is because
A kind of meteorological distillation accounts for the
link. Water molecules containing the heavier isotope (A) water molecules containing oxygen-18
tend to condense and fall as precipitation slightly condense and fall as precipitation slightly
sooner than molecules containing the lighter isotope. sooner than those containing oxygen-16
(35) Hence, as water vapor evaporated from warm oceans (B) the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in water
moves away from its source, its oxygen-18 returns vapor evaporated from oceans is different
more quickly to the oceans than does its oxygen-16. from that of these isotopes in seawater
What falls as snow on distant ice sheets and mountain (C) growing ice sheets tend to lose their oxygen-
glaciers is relatively depleted of oxygen-18. As the 18 as the temperature of the oceans near
(40) oxygen-18-poor ice builds up, the oceans become them gradually decreases
relatively enriched in the Isotope. The larger the ice (D) less water vapor evaporates from oceans
sheets grow, the higher the proportion of oxygen-18 during glacial periods and therefore less
becomes in seawater— and hence in the sediments. oxygen-18 is removed from the seawater
Analyzing cores drilled from seafloor sediments, (E) the freezing point of seawater rich in
(45) Emiliani found that the isotopic ratio rose and fell in oxygen-18 is slightly lower than that of
rough accord with the Earth’s astronomical cycles. seawater poor in oxygen-18
Since that pioneering observation, oxygen-isotope
measurements have been made on hundreds of cores
A chronology for the combined record enables scien-
(50) tists to show that the record contains the very same
periodicities as the orbital processes. Over the past
800,000 years, the global ice volume has peaked GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
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 최영범 esoterica GRE

19. According to the passage. the large ice sheets 22. The passage suggests that the scientists who
typical of glacial cycles are most directly first constructed a coherent, continuous picture
caused by of past variations in marine-sediment isotope
ratios did which of the following?
(A) changes in the average temperatures in the
tropics and over open oceans (A) Relied primarily on the data obtained from
(B) prolonged increases in the rate at which the analysis of Emiliani’s core samples.
water evaporates from the oceans (B) Combined data derived from the analysis of
(C) extreme seasonal variations in temperature many different core samples.
in northern latitudes and in mountainous (C) Matched the data obtained by geologists
areas with that provided by astronomers.
(D) steadily increasing precipitation rates in (D) Evaluated the isotope-ratio data obtained in
northern latitudes and in mountainous several areas in order to eliminate all but
areas the most reliable data.
(E) the continual failure of snow to melt (E) Compared data obtained from core samples
completely during the warmer seasons in in many different marine environments
northern latitudes and in mountainous with data samples derived from polar ice
areas caps.

20. It can be inferred from the passage that which of 23. The passage suggests that the scientists
the following is true of the water locked in mentioned in line 8 considered their
glaciers and ice sheets today? reconstruction of past astronomical cycles to be

(A) It is richer in oxygen-18 than frozen water (A) unreliable because astronomical
was during past glacial periods. observations have been made and
(B) It is primarily located in the northern recorded for only a few thousand years
latitudes of the Earth. (B) adequate enough to allow that
(C) Its ratio of oxygen isotopes is the same as reconstruction’s use in explaining glacial
that prevalent in seawater during the last cycles if a record of the latter could be
ice age. found
(D) It is steadily decreasing in amount due to (C) in need of confirmation through comparison
increased thawing during summer with an independent source of
months. information about astronomical
(E) In comparison with seawater, it is relatively phenomena
poor in oxygen-18. (D) incomplete and therefore unusable for the
purposes of explaining the causes of ice
21. The discussion of the oxygen-isotope ratios in ages
paragraph three of the passage suggests that (E) adequate enough for scientists to support
which of the following must be assumed if the conclusively the idea that ice ages were
conclusions described in lines 49-58 are to be caused by astronomical changes
validly drawn?

(A) The Earth's overall annual precipitation rates

do not dramatically increase or decrease
over time.
(B) The various chemicals dissolved in seawater
have had the same concentrations over
the past million years.
(C) Natural processes unrelated to ice formation
do not result in the formation of large
quantities of oxygen- 18.
(D) Water molecules falling as precipitation GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
usually fall on the open ocean rather than
on continents or polar ice packs.
(E) Increases in global temperature do not
increase the amount of water that
evaporates from the oceans.

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 Real Test 19

Although Victor Turner’s writings have proved 25. The passage suggests that an assumption
fruitful for fields beyond anthropology, his definition underlying Turner’s definition of ritual is that
of ritual is overly restrictive. Ritual, he says, is “pre-
Line scribed formal behavior for occasions not given over (A) anthropological concepts apply to other
(5) to technological routine, having reference to beliefs in fields
mystical beings or powers,” “Technological routine” (B) festivals and ceremonies are related cultural
refers to the means by which a social group provides phenomena
for its material needs. Turner’s differentiating ritual (C) there is a relationship between play and
from technology helps us recognize that festivals and practical ends
(10) celebrations may have little purpose other than play, (D) rituals refer only to belief in mystical beings
but it obscures the practical aims, such as making or powers
crops grow or healing patients, of other rituals. Further, (E) mystical beings and powers have certain
Turner’s definition implies a necessary relationship common attributes across cultures
between ritual and mystical beliefs. However, not all
(15) rituals are religious; some religions have no reference 26. It can be inferred that the author of the passage
to mystical beings; and individuals may be required believes each of the following concerning rituals
only to participate in, not necessarily believe in, a EXCEPT:
ritual. Turner's assumption that ritual behavior follows
belief thus limits the usefulness of his definition in (A) Some are unrelated to religious belief.
(20) studying ritual across cultures. (B) Some are intended to have practical
consequences.
(C) Some have no purpose other than play.
24. According to the passage, which of the following (D) They sometimes involve reference to
does Turner exclude from his conception of mystical beings.
ritual? (E) They are predominantly focused on
agricultural ends.
(A) Behavior based on beliefs
(B) Behavior based on formal rules 27. Which of the following best describes the
(C) Celebrations whose purpose is play organization of the passage?
(D) Routines directed toward practical ends
(E) Festivals honoring supernatural beings (A) Factual data are presented and a hypothesis
is proposed.
(B) A distinction is introduced then shown not to
be a true distinction.
(C) A statement is quoted, and two assumptions
on which it is based are clarified.
(D) A definition is challenged, and two reasons
for the challenge are given.
(E) An opinion is offered and then placed within
a historical framework.

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 최영범 esoterica GRE

Directions: Each question below consists of a word 33. CONVOKE :

printed in capital letters, followed by five lettered (A) disturb
words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or (B) impress
phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to (C) adjourn
the word in capital letters. (D) extol
(E) applaud
Since some of the questions require you to
distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to 34. REND :
consider all the choices before deciding which (A) sink
one is best. (B) unite
(C) find
(D) spend
28. SLOUCH : (E) unleash
(A) stand erect
(B) move unhesitatingly 35. CONTRAVENE :
(C) stretch languidly (A) condescend
(D) scurry (B) embark
(E) totter (C) support
(D) offend
29. CLAIM : (E) amass
(A) renounce
(B) repeal 36. NADIR :
(C) deter (A) summit
(D) hinder (B) impasse
(E) postpone (C) sanctuary
(D) weak point
30. EXPEDITE : (E) direct route
(A) impeach
(B) deflect 37. ABSTRACT :
(C) resist (A) deny
(D) retard (B) organize
(E) remove (C) elaborate
(D) deliberate
31. VALEDICTION : (E) produce
(A) greeting
(B) promise 38. MENDACIOUS :
(C) accusation (A) assured
(D) denigration (B) honest
(E) aphorism (C) intelligent
(D) fortunate
32. FACTORABLE : (E) gracious
(A) absorbent
(B) magnifiable
(C) simulated
(D) irreducible
(E) ambiguous

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.
DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.

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