Review of and Changes to Concrete
Codes, Specifications, Standards and
Test Methods
Presented by:
Bryan Perrie
The Concrete Institute
Outline
• Introduction
• The way it was….
• Structural Design Codes
• Construction Specifications
• Material Specifications
• Test Methods
• Implications
• Conclusions
Why Standards and
Specifications
• Control
• Protection
• Assessment
The way it was…
SANS 10160
Basis for structural design
SANS 10100-1
Structural use of
concrete: Design
SANS 10100-2
Structural use of
concrete: Materials and
execution of work
SANS 2001 CC1/1200G
Concrete works
SANS 50197
Cement
SANS 1491-1
GGBS
SANS 1491-2
Fly ash
SANS 1491-3
Various Methods for Silica fume
testing of fresh and
hardened concrete SANS 1491-4 (new)
Supplementary
cementitious materials
SANS 51008
Water
SANS 1083
Aggregates
In Europe…
EN 1990
Basis for structural design
EN 1992 EN 206-1 ENV 13670-1
Design of concrete Concrete Execution of concrete
structures structures
EN 197
EN 12350 Cement
Testing of fresh
concrete
EN 450
EN 12390 Fly ash
Testing of hardened
concrete
EN 13263
Silica fume
BS 8500-1
Complimentary standard
to EN 206-1 EN 15167
Method of specifying and GGBS
guidance to the specifier
BS 8500-1 EN 934
Complimentary standard to Admixtures
EN 206-1 Specification for
constituent materials and
concrete EN 12620
Aggregates
EN 1008
Water
Structural Design Codes
SANS 10160
Basis for structural design
SANS 10100-1
Structural use of concrete:
Design
SANS 10100-2
Structural use of concrete:
Materials and execution of
work
SANS 2001 CC1/1200G
Concrete works
SANS 50197
Cement
SANS 1491-1
GGBS
SANS 1491-2
Fly ash
SANS 1491-3
Various Methods for Silica fume
testing of fresh and
hardened concrete
SANS 1491-4 (new)
Supplementary
cementitious materials
SANS 51008
Water
SANS 1083
Aggregates
Reference Codes
• Codes reflect the customs from where they originate.
• Adopted codes may either be overly conservative,
un-conservative, or irrelevant.
• Foreign reference codes are being withdrawn as
European countries start adopting the Eurocode.
Current Revision Status
• Loading code and basis
of design (2010)
• Concrete water
retaining standard
• Concrete design
standard
• Geotechnical design
Loading Code
• Basis of design and actions for buildings and
industrial structures - now based on EN-1990 and
EN-1991. Extracted from Eurocode relevant sections
for South Africa:
– Where necessary, local requirements and
conditions were allowed for.
– SANS 10160 was issued in 2010
= ADAPTED Code
Design of Water Retaining Structures
• Project funded by Water Research Commission
• 2007-2010
• Reference standards :
– BS8007
– EN-1992-1-3
• DRAFT Standard completed in 2010:
= ADAPTED Code (needs a concrete design code)
Revision Options
• Options considered for the revision:
– Update SANS 10100-1 Time/cost/expertise
– Re-write
– Adapt a foreign code
– Adopt a foreign code - EN-1992-1-1
Expertise/updates/
vs
Local conditions/practice
Adopting a Foreign Code
• Advantages of adopting foreign code:
– Regular updates
– Supporting material (manuals, software, graphs)
– Time to implement
• Disadvantages of adopting a foreign code:
– Materials
– Local practice and procedures
– Local standards
– Local environment
Working Group Decision
• Decision in 2007 : Adopt EN 1992-1-1 with an own
set of nationally determined parameters (vs. adapting
of EN 1992-1-1)
• Process to adopt responsibly :
– comparative calculations
– review for local implications
– identifying and motivating the choice of nationally
determined parameters.
– characterizing of South African material properties
EN 1990
Basis for structural design
EN 1992 EN 206-1 ENV 13670-1
Design of concrete Concrete Execution of concrete
structures structures
EN 197
EN 12350 Cement
Testing of fresh
concrete
EN 450
EN 12390 Fly ash
Testing of hardened
concrete
EN 13263
Silica fume
BS 8500-1
Complimentary standard
to EN 206-1 EN 15167
Method of specifying and GGBS
guidance to the specifier
BS 8500-1 EN 934
Complimentary standard to Admixtures
EN 206-1 Specification for
constituent materials and
concrete EN 12620
Aggregates
EN 1008
Water
Adopting EN 1992
• Time line :
– Working group formed in August 2007
– Review of relevant parts 2007 – 2010
– Choose nationally determined parameters : 2011
– Draft annexure(s) to National Annex (2012)
– Draft code : END 2012 (!)
Construction and Material
Standards and Test Methods
• Sustainability is critical
• Means designing and constructing
structures to last longer
• More energy efficient designs
• Less use of materials
• Recycling
Specifying Concrete
Traditional Approach
• Specify certain properties and actions
• Aggregates
• Concrete
• Construction process
• Quality control (strength)
• Prescriptive approach with some performance
requirements
Traditional Approach
• Changes recently to add properties to control
“covercrete”
• Specify those actual properties which prevent
deterioration
• Move towards preventing
• Ingress of chlorides
• Ingress of CO2
• Poor curing
Traditional Approach
• Design structurally and then
• Determine how to make the structure
durable
New Philosophy
• Determine environment and required longevity
• Determine required durability
• Choose an approach to achieve durability, and
then
• Determine structural design
Changes to SA Concrete
Standards and Specifications
Construction Specifications
SANS 10160
Basis for structural design
SANS 10100-1
Structural use of concrete:
Design
SANS 10100-2
Structural use of
concrete: Materials and
execution of work
SANS 2001 CC1/1200G
Concrete works
SANS 50197
Cement
SANS 1491-1
GGBS
SANS 1491-2
Fly ash
SANS 1491-3
Various Methods for Silica fume
testing of fresh and
hardened concrete
SANS 1491-4 (new)
Supplementary
cementitious materials
SANS 51008
Water
SANS 1083
Aggregates
EN 1990
Basis for structural design
EN 1992 EN 206-1 ENV 13670-1
Design of concrete Concrete Execution of concrete
structures structures
EN 197
EN 12350 Cement
Testing of fresh
concrete
EN 450
EN 12390 Fly ash
Testing of hardened
concrete
EN 13263
Silica fume
BS 8500-1
EN 15167
Complimentary standard
GGBS
to EN 206-1
Method of specifying and
guidance to the specifier EN 934
Admixtures
BS 8500-1
Complimentary standard to
EN 206-1 Specification for EN 12620
constituent materials and Aggregates
concrete
EN 1008
Water
SANS 10100-2
• Definitions • Mass concrete
• Materials • Prestressing
• Plant • Precast
• Proportioning • Testing and acceptance
• Production • Load tests
• Reinforcement • Procedure in event of
• Formwork failure
• Placing
SANS 10100-2 The Way Forward
• Adopting EN 206 Concrete
• Adopting EN 13670 Execution of concrete
structures
• Developing two guidance documents (Parts A
& B)
– Same numbering
– Incorporating a lot of current 10100-2
• By using guidance documents – compliance
with 206 and 13670
SANS 10100-2 The Way Forward
• Two small committees working on different parts
• Circulate to large industry grouping
• Submission to SANS
SANS 2001 vs SANS 1200
• SANS 2001 series form part of the scope of
the work
• Unlike SABS 1200, they contain:
• No reference to measurement of quantities
• No reference to payment items
• No reference to who is responsible for work items
or the management of the site
• Requirements for the finished component of the
works and work methods only where appropriate
SANS 2001 vs SANS 1200
• Debate at SABS on 24 July 2012
• SANS 2001 will be completed and 1200 series
withdrawn
• 2001 CC--- will have to be revised once Part A
and Part B finalised
Material Specifications
SANS 10160
Basis for structural design
SANS 10100-1
Structural use of concrete:
Design
SANS 10100-2
Structural use of
concrete: Materials and
execution of work
SANS 2001 CC1/1200G
Concrete works
SANS 50197
Cement
SANS 1491-1
GGBS
SANS 1491-2
Fly ash
SANS 1491-3
Various Methods for Silica fume
testing of fresh and
hardened concrete
SANS 1491-4 (new)
Supplementary
cementitious
materials
SANS 51008
Water
SANS 1083
Aggregates
EN 1990
Basis for structural design
EN 1992 EN 206-1 ENV 13670-1
Design of concrete Concrete Execution of concrete
structures structures
EN 197
Cement
EN 12350
Testing of fresh EN 450
concrete Fly ash
EN 12390
EN 13263
Testing of hardened
Silica fume
concrete
EN 15167
GGBS
EN 934
Admixtures
EN 12620
Aggregates
EN 1008
Water
• Cement SANS 50197 and SANS 50413
• GGBS SANS 1491-1 SANS 55167 (EN 15167)
• Fly ash SANS 1491-2 SANS 50450 (EN 450)
• Silica Fume SANS 1491-3 SANS 53263 (EN
13263)
• Other metallurgical slags
• Admixtures SANS 50934 1-6 (EN 934)
• Water SANS 51008 (EN 1008)
• Aggregates SANS 1083 ?????
Test Methods
SANS 10160
Basis for structural design
SANS 10100-1
Structural use of
concrete: Design
SANS 10100-2
Structural use of
concrete: Materials and
execution of work
SANS 2001 CC1/1200G
Concrete works
SANS 50197
Cement
SANS 1491-1
GGBS
SANS 1491-2
Fly ash
SANS 1491-3
Various Methods for Silica fume
testing of fresh and
hardened concrete SANS 1491-4 (new)
Supplementary
cementitious materials
SANS 51008
Water
SANS 1083
Aggregates
EN 1990
Basis for structural design
EN 1992 EN 206-1 ENV 13670-1
Design of concrete Concrete Execution of concrete
structures structures
EN 197
Cement
EN 12350
Testing of fresh concrete EN 450
Fly ash
EN 12390
EN 13263
Testing of hardened
Silica fume
concrete
EN 15167
GGBS
EN 934
Admixtures
EN 12620
Aggregates
EN 1008
Water
• Driven by TMH 1
• Homogenization of both
• Uniform numbering system
• SANS 3001 series
• Opted to look at EN methods
• Process driven by C&CI
• Hiatus with close of C&CI
• Restarting under SANS but through TCI
• Restart shortly
• 3001 Bi Bitumen
• 3001 So Soils
• 3001 Gr Gravels
• 3001 Agg Aggregate
• 3001 Co Concrete
• 3001 Co 1 Parts 1- ? Fresh Concrete
• 3001 Co 2 Parts 1- ? Hardened Concrete
• 3001 Co 3 Parts 1- ? Concrete in
Structures
Final Structure
SANS 10160
Basis for structural
design
SANS ?1992 SANS ?206-1 SANS ?13670-1
Design of concrete Concrete Execution of concrete
structures structures
SANS 3001 Co 1 - SANS 50197
Testing of fresh Cement
concrete
SANS 50450
Fly ash
SANS 3001 Co 2 -
Testing of hardened SANS 53263
concrete Silica fume
SANS 3001 Co 3 - SANS 55167
Testing of concrete in GGBS
structures
SANS ??????
SANS ?????? Part A Metallurgical Slags
Complimentary standard
to SANS ?206-1
SANS 50 934 1-6
Admixtures
SANS ?????? Part B
Complimentary standard
to SANS ?13670-1
SANS 1083
Aggregates
SANS 51008
Water
Implications
New Environmental Classification
• New exposure classes
• Fresh and hardened properties classification
• New cover requirements
• Chloride content class
Prescribed Concrete
• Specifier (or SANS – for standardized) prescribes the
composition of concrete
• Specifier (or SANS) responsible for ensuring that
prescribed composition will satisfy all requirements
• Can be used for routine applications, primarily with
low grade concretes (less than C20/25 or C25/30)
Designed Concrete
• Designer (concrete producer) decides composition of
concrete – keeping strict adherence to limiting values
in the table
• As long as concrete satisfies limiting values, it is
deemed to satisfy the performance requirements
Exposure classes
No risk Carbonation induced Chloride induced corrosion Freeze thaw attack Aggressive chemical
of corrosion Sea water Chloride other than environments
corrosion from sea water
or attack
X0 XC1 XC2 XC3 XC4 XS1 XS2 XS3 XD1 XD2 XD3 XF1 XF2 XF3 XF4 XA1 XA2 XA3
Max w/c 0.70 0.65 0.65 0.55 0.50 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.55 0.45 0.40 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.55 0.50 0.45
Minimum C20/25 C20/2 C25/3 C30/3 C30/3 C30/3 C35/4 (a) C30/3 C35/4 C40/5 C30/3 C30/3 C30/3 C30/3 C30/3 C35/4 C40/5
Strength 5 0 7 7 7 5 C40/5 7 5 0 7 7 7 7 7 5 0
Class 0
(b)
C35/4
5
Minimum 15 15 25 25 25 (a) 40 (a) 35 (a) 50 30 (a) 35 (a) 45 25 25 25 25 25 30 40
nominal (b) 35 (b) 30 (b) 40 (b) 30 (b) 40
cover2
(mm)
Air - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 – 81 4 – 81 4 – 81 - - -
Content
Range (%)
Cement Any (a) I, (a) I, (a) I, Any (a) I, (a) I, Any I, IIA- IIA-D, IIB-V +
Type If IVB-V is used in XC3 or XC4, increase IIA, IIA, IIA, IIA, IIA, Only for XF3 and XF4 – not to D, IIA- IIA-V, SR,
minimum nominal cover to 40 mm IIB-S, IIB-S, IIB-S, IIB-S, IIB-S, use IVB-V V, IIA- IIA-S, IIIA-S
SRPC, SRPC, SRPC SRPC, SRPC S, SRPC + SR,
IIB-V, IIB-V, (b) IIB-V, (b) SRPC SRPC
IIIA IIIA IIB-V, IIIA IIB-V,
(b) (b) IIIA, (b) IIIA,
IIIB, IIIB, IIIB, IIIB, IIIB,
IVB-V IVB-V IVB-V IVB-V IVB-V
Curing To be performed until 70% of 28 day target mean strength is attained
Performance Concrete
• This is an added category where additional
requirements (over and above the designed
concrete) may be proposed
• This can cover performance requirements that are
not specified for the designed concretes, such as (i)
heat of hydration, (ii) water penetration
(permeability), (iii) gas permeability, (iv) abrasion
resistance, (v) Tensile strength, etc.
• Performance criteria to be agreed upon between
specifier and producer
Proprietary Concrete
• Special concretes such as Fibre Reinforced
Concrete, Self Compacting Concrete etc. that have
requirements other than the normal concretes
EN 206
• EN 206 covers:
– Concrete mixed on site
– Ready-mixed concrete
– Concrete produced in a plant for precast
• EN 206 defines ready-mixed concrete as
– Concrete delivered in a fresh state by a body who
is not the user and includes
• Concrete produced off site by the user
• Concrete produced on site but not by the user
EN 206
• Exposure classes
– X0 No Risk
– XC 1 to 4 Corrosion induced by carbonation
– XD 1 to 3 Corrosion induced by chlorides other
than sea water
– XS 1 to 3 Corrosion induced by chlorides from sea
water
– XF 1 to 4 Freeze/thaw attack
– XA 1 to 3 Chemical attack
Exposure classes
No risk Carbonation induced Chloride induced corrosion Freeze thaw attack Aggressive chemical
of corrosion Sea water Chloride other than environments
corrosion from sea water
or attack
X0 XC1 XC2 XC3 XC4 XS1 XS2 XS3 XD1 XD2 XD3 XF1 XF2 XF3 XF4 XA1 XA2 XA3
Max w/c 0.70 0.65 0.65 0.55 0.50 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.55 0.45 0.40 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.55 0.50 0.45
Minimum C20/25 C20/2 C25/3 C30/3 C30/3 C30/3 C35/4 (a) C30/3 C35/4 C40/5 C30/3 C30/3 C30/3 C30/3 C30/3 C35/4 C40/5
Strength 5 0 7 7 7 5 C40/5 7 5 0 7 7 7 7 7 5 0
Class 0
(b)
C35/4
5
Minimum 15 15 25 25 25 (a) 40 (a) 35 (a) 50 30 (a) 35 (a) 45 25 25 25 25 25 30 40
nominal (b) 35 (b) 30 (b) 40 (b) 30 (b) 40
cover2
(mm)
Air - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 – 81 4 – 81 4 – 81 - - -
Content
Range (%)
Cement Any (a) I, (a) I, (a) I, Any (a) I, (a) I, Any I, IIA- IIA-D, IIB-V +
Type If IVB-V is used in XC3 or XC4, increase IIA, IIA, IIA, IIA, IIA, Only for XF3 and XF4 – not to D, IIA- IIA-V, SR,
minimum nominal cover to 40 mm IIB-S, IIB-S, IIB-S, IIB-S, IIB-S, use IVB-V V, IIA- IIA-S, IIIA-S
SRPC, SRPC, SRPC SRPC, SRPC S, SRPC + SR,
IIB-V, IIB-V, (b) IIB-V, (b) SRPC SRPC
IIIA IIIA IIB-V, IIIA IIB-V,
(b) (b) IIIA, (b) IIIA,
IIIB, IIIB, IIIB, IIIB, IIIB,
IVB-V IVB-V IVB-V IVB-V IVB-V
Curing To be performed until 70% of 28 day target mean strength is attained
EN 206
• Consistence classes
– By Slump
– By Vebe
– By compaction
– By flow
EN 206
• Strength classes
Conclusions
Changes in approach with new standards:
• Determine environment and required longevity
• Determine required durability
• Choose an approach to achieve durability
• Determine structural design
Changes coming in:
• Design codes
• Standards
• Material specifications
• Test methods
Be Aware
We Need You
bryanp@theconcreteinstitute.org.za
