General Introduction
Overview
Presented by:
Jan Wium / Johan Retief
Department of Civil Engineering
Stellenbosch University
CONTENTS
1. Structural Codes in South Africa
2. Current revision progress
3. Concrete design code
4. Eurocode suite of codes
5. Relevant issues
6. Summary
1. STRUCTURAL CODES IN SOUTH AFRICA
Standard Subject Reference Date
SANS 10160 Loading : Buildings Local 2010
SANS 10100 Concrete BS 8110 2000
SANS 10162 Structural steel CAN 3-S16-01 2005
SANS 10163-1 Timber Local 2001
SANS 10164 Masonry Local 1987/2003
TMH-7 Bridges CEB-fip Model Code 1989
Why revisions are needed?
• Correction of errors and omissions
• Incorporation of latest research and developments
• Update on industry practices
• Harmonisation between:
– Standards
– Countries
Current needs and status
• 1998 : Harmonized standards
• Loading Code & Basis of Design - started
• Policy decision in 2008 :
– Eurocode as reference
– UK historical connection
– Backing material
• Adapt or adopt?
REFERENCE CODES
• Codes reflect the customs from where they originate.
• Adopted codes may either be overly conservative, un-conservative,
or irrelevant.
• Foreign reference codes are being withdrawn as European countries
start adopting the Eurocode.
• This presentation : Code revisions and the concrete design code in
South Africa
2. CURRENT REVISION PROCESS
• Loading code and basis of
design (2010)
• Concrete water retaining
standard
• Concrete design standard
• Geotechnical design
Design of concrete water retaining structures
• Project funded by Water Research
Commission
• 2007-2010
• 2013-2015
• Reference standards :
– BS8007
– EN-1992-1-3
• DRAFT Standard 2016:
= ADAPTED Code
(needs a concrete design code)
3. Concrete design code
• Standard Building regulations :
– One document : All materials + loading
• 1989 : Loading code SABS 0160
• 1992 : Concrete design SABS 0100-1
• 2000 : Republished
• 2007: Process started for new revision
Revision options
• Options considered for the revision:
– Update SANS 10100-1
Time/cost/expertise
– Re-write
– Adapt a foreign code
– Adopt a foreign code - EN-1992-1-1
Expertise/updates/
vs
Local conditions/practice
CONCRETE DESIGN CODE
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Adopting a foreign code
• Advantages of adopting foreign code:
– Regular updates
– Supporting material (manuals, software, graphs)
– Time to implement
• Disadvantages of adopting a foreign code:
– Materials
– Local practice and procedures
– Local standards
– Local environment
Working Group decision
• Decision in 2007 : Adopt EN 1992-1-1 with an own set of nationally
determined parameters (vs. adapting of EN 1992-1-1)
• Replaces BS 8110 as reference
• Compatible with SANS 10160
• Available material from UK
• Process to adopt responsibly :
– comparative calculations
– review for local implications
– identifying and motivating the choice of nationally determined parameters.
– characterizing of South African material properties
Code revision process
• Decision in short term :
– Adopt EN-1992-1-1
– Implication is a comprehensive document
– Relevant issues identified
– Education : Young engineers become accustomed to the code
• Longer term objectives :
– Develop a concise code, manual, software (see BS-EN-1992-1-1 examples) ……
are we realistic??
4. Eurocode suite of standards
• EN 1990 : Basis of Structural Design
• EN 1991 : Actions on structures
• EN 1992 : Design of concrete structures
• EN 1993 : Design of steel structures
• EN 1994 : Design of composite structures
• EN 1995 : Design of timber structures
• EN 1996 : Design of masonry structures
• EN 1997 : Geotechnical design
• EN 1998 : Seismic design of structures
• EN 1999 : Design of aluminium structures
Eurocode format
• 58 parts
• Standard main document : EN-1992-1-1
• National Annex with nationally determined parameters
Extract from EN-1992-1-1
Extract from EN-1992-1-1 NA
EN-1992-1-1
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Eurocode 2 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
• EN 1990: Basis of structural design
• EN 1991: Actions on structures
• hEN’s: Construction products relevant for concrete structures
• ENV 13670: Execution of concrete structures
• EN 206 : Concrete specification
• EN 1997: Geotechnical design
• EN 1998: Design of structures for earthquake resistance
Eurocode 2 (EN 1992)
• EN-1992 (Eurocode 2) is subdivided
into the following parts:
– Part 1.1: General rules and rules for buildings
– Part 1.2: Structural fire design
– Part 2: Reinforced and pre-stressed concrete bridges
– Part 3: Liquid retaining and containing structures
Adopting Eurocode as concrete design code
• Options:
– Follow CEN requirements : Adopt as it is
– Merge the main document and the National Annex : – not allowed
• Final choice :
– Adopt main document
– Develop National Annex (use BS as basis)
– Add an annexure to National Annex
Adopting EN 1992-1-1:
Final format
• The main document is called SANS 51992-1-1:
– Design of concrete structures – Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
• The National Annex is called SANS 51992-1-1 SUPPLEMENT:2016:
– National annex to Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures
– Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
Guidance document
Concise Eurocode 2
Published by The Concrete
Centre
R.S Narayanan
C.H. Goodchild
www.concretecentre.com
ISBN 1-904818-35-8
5. Relevant issues from adopting EN-1992-1-1
• Relevant issues:
– material factors
– concrete class (cube vs cylinder)
– high concrete strength classes
– reinforing steel classes (Class A, B,
C and R-bars)
– shear resistance
– reference standards (cross
referencing)
– the use of L/d ratios for flat slabs
– fire resistance for concrete structures
– durability
– light weight concrete
– creep and shrinkage
• Execution and reference
specifications : Part 2
Relevant issues (continued)
• Exclude bridge code, water retaining structures …….FOREWORD
• Refer to material specifications in FOREWORD (steel, concrete)
6. SUMMARY
• EN-1992-1-1 is adopted as a revision for SANS 10100-1:
– Now SANS 51992-1-1
• BS EN 1992-1-1 NA was used as basis for the National Annex,
– now issued as SANS 51992-1-1 SUPPLEMENT:2016
• Current status:
– Was issued as Committee Draft (Accepted 15 September 2016)
– Next step: Circulation for public comment
The End
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