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Survey Camp Report

2016-17

Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology (A)

Department of Civil Engineering
Report Submitted by
Batch 6 civil A-2

Hima Bindu - 160114732066

Priyanka - 160114732074
A.Chaitanya Kumar - 160114732090
Azmathullah - 160114732099
Sai Kiran - 160114732106
E.Meghana - 160114732317
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Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology (A)

Department of Civil Engineering

Certificate

This is to certify that ________________ of (BE-3/4) bearing the hall

ticket number _________________ has partially completed the surveying
camp organized at Gandipet, Hyderabad during the academic year 2016-
2017.

Head of the Department

Department of Civil Engineering Faculty in-charge
C.B.I.T
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Acknowledgement

I would like to acknowledgement and extend my heartfelt gratitude to

Dr. K Jagannadha Rao (Dept. Head of CIVIL ENGINEERING) for
their vital encouragement and support in the completion of this project
report. This survey camp meant a lot to me as it gave a lot of field
experience. I would like to thank the faculty in charge Shri.
Shravankumar S M, who co-operated with us in the matter of guidance
and instructions.

I would also like to thank all the staff members of civil department for
the constant guidance and motivation. Most of all i thank my batch
mates, who were very cooperative in the completion of this report.

I would also like to thank the Chairperson, and the Principal

Dr.Chennakesava Rao for giving the perfect opportunity to work within
the given field.
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Abstract

In the present of scenario of Indian economy boom the infrastructure sector plays a vital role and
is also considered as the driving engine of the nation’s economy. In accordance surveyor’s role
has been increasing at a rapid pace and it is necessary for all budding engineers to Horne their
skills with the latest development in survey technology. This small project molds the students in
using the total station very accurately and with higher efficiency. The project is planned in terms
of a Survey Camp wherein it is mandated to do PLANNING and LAYOUT of CBIT campus
with the help of Total Station, and propose a VENTURE for a residential apartments as land
resource in Hyderabad is declining and the bludgeoning land rates with high rural urban
migration is necessitated for rational use of land resources with proper planning and efficient
use. Keeping in mind the urban Sprawl and need of shelter for the population in future, this
Survey propose a venture of gated community.
Keywords: Total Station, Survey, Venture, Planning, Layout, Urban sprawl.
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Index

Contents Page no.

1. Introduction 6

2. Methodology 26

3. Sample observations 28

4. Result 29

5. Appendix 29

a) Total observations

b) Traverse map with all details

c) Contour map

d) Layout plan in the open area

6. Refrences 29
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1. INTRODUCTION

Surveying is the branch of civil engineering that deals with the art and science of
determining the relative positions of distinctive features on or beneath the surface of
the earth by measurements of distances, directions and elevations.
The applications of surveying require the knowledge of mathematics, physics and
to some extent, astronomy. It comes first before and during all engineering works
such as designing and constructions of highways, water supply, irrigation projects,
buildings, etc.
Surveying is the main roots for the execution of any civil Eng. projects. The
science of surveying has been developing since the initial stage of human civilization
according to their requirements. The art of surveying preparation of maps has been
practiced from the ancient times and the future advanced until present. In the absence
of the map, it is impossible to layout the alignment of roads, canals, tunnels,
transmission power line and microwave or television relaying towers and so on.
Detailed map of the sites of engineering projects are necessary for the precision
establishment of sophisticated instruments.
Surveying is the first step for the execution of any project. As the success of any
engineering is based upon the accurate and complete survey work, an engineer must
therefore be thoroughly familiar with the principle and different methods of surveying
and mapping.
The details of the enclosed area and ground nature can also be portrayed in the
combined form of a topographic map. Not only this, the whole land can be survey as
different areas and can be plotted into a single map, the main thing is not to violate
the basic survey principles, working from whole to part, consistency in work,
accuracy required according to scale and independent check.
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Surveying:
Surveying is the branch of civil engineering that deals with the art and science of
determining the relative position of distinctive features on or beneath the surface of
the earth by measurements of distances direction and elevations.
The applications of surveying require the knowledge of mathematics, physics and to
some extent, astronomy. It comes first before and during all engineering works such
as designing and constructions of highways, water supply, irrigation projects,
buildings Etc.,
Surveying is the main roots for the execution of any civil Eng. projects. The science
of surveying has been developing since the initial stage of human civilization
according to their requirements. The art of surveying preparation of maps has been
practiced from the ancient times and the future advanced until present. In the absence
of the map, it is impossible to layout the alignment of roads, canals, tunnels,
transmission power line and microwave or television relaying towers and so on.
Detailed map of the sites of engineering projects are necessary for the precision
establishment of sophisticated instruments.
Surveying is the first step for the execution of any project. As the success of any
engineering is based upon the accurate and complete survey work,an engineer must
therefore be thoroughly familiar with the principle and different methods of surveying
and mapping.

The details of the enclosed area and ground nature can also be portrayed in the
combined form of a topographic map. Not only this, the whole land can be survey as
different areas and can be plotted into a single map, the main thing is not to violate
the basic survey principles, working from whole to part, consistency in work,
accuracy required according to scale and independent check.
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Venture:

Venture is a very important source of financing for a new business. Here money is
provided by investors to start a business that has strong Potentiality of high growth
and profitability. The provider of venture capital also provides managerial and
technical support. Venture capital is also known as risk capital.

Features of Venture:

1. Venture investments are made in innovative projects.

2. Benefits from such investments may be realized in the long run.

3. Suppliers of venture invest money in the form of equity capital.

4. As investment is made through equity capital, the suppliers of venture participate in

the management of the company.

Advantages:

1. New innovative projects are financed through venture which generally offers high
profitability in long run.

2. In addition to capital, venture capital provides valuable information, resources,

technical assistance, etc., to make a business successful.

Disadvantages:

1. It is an uncertain form of financing.

2. Benefit from such financing can be realized in long run only

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Urban Sprawl:

Urbanization is an index of transformation from traditional rural economies to

modern industrial one. It is a progressive concentration of population in an urban unit.
It takes place either in radial direction around a well-established city or linearly along
the highways. This dispersed development along highways or surrounding the city
and in rural countryside is generally referred as sprawl.
Sprawl is a term that is often used to describe perceived inefficiencies of
development, including disproportionate growth of urban areas and excessive
leapfrog development. Sprawl is a cumulative result of many individual decisions and
it requires not only an understanding of the factors that motivate an individual
landowner to convert land, but also an understanding of how these factors and
individual land use decisions aggregate over space. Some of the causes of the sprawl
include - population growth, economy and proximity to resources and basic
amenities.
Urbanization is a process that always initiates the continual transformation of land
from one use to the other. Land transformation is presently being experienced in and
around fast growing towns.
It is also firmly stated that spatial and temporal changes in the unplanned growth of
the built up area is impacting negatively on the environment. The process of
urbanization is one of the most important drivers of economic, social and physical
change in developing countries. Rapid urban population growth leads not only to an
increasing demand for urban land, particularly for housing but also for various other
uses. Increasing demand for land is affecting peri urban areas where urban expansion
is already encroaching into the agriculture lands and small villages. Rural -urban
fringes are characterized by diverse land uses which often vary in relation to their
functional linkages to urban and to rural sectors.

What is the necessity of CBIT venturing?

Due to rapid urbanization and venturing is one among the best and rational
investment which has very less period for maturity. CBIT is located at the heart of
industrial area which facilitates rapid economic growth
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 Total station
A total station or TST (total station theodolite) is an electronic/optical
instrument used in modern surveying and building construction. The total station is an
electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an electronic distance meter (EDM) to
read slope distances from the instrument to a particular point.
Robotic total stations allow the operator to control the instrument from a
distance via remote control. This eliminates the need for an assistant staff member as,
the operator holds the reflector and controls the total station from the observed point.

Fig.1: Total Station

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The different measures that a total station is capable of:

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 Primary functions of a total station :

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Angle measurement:

Most total station instruments measure angles by means of electro-optical scanning

of extremely precise digital bar-codes etched on rotating glass cylinders or discs
within the instrument. The best quality total stations are capable of measuring angles
to 0.5 arc-second. Inexpensive "construction grade" total stations can generally
measure angles to 5 or 10 arc-seconds.

 Distance measurement
Measurement of distance is accomplished with a modulated infrared carrier
signal, generated by a small solid-state emitter within the instrument's optical path,
and reflected by a prism reflector or the object under survey. The modulation pattern
in the returning signal is read and interpreted by the computer in the total station. The
distance is determined by emitting and receiving multiple frequencies, and
determining the integer number of wavelengths to the target for each frequency. Most
total stations use purpose-built glass corner cube prism reflectors for the EDM signal.
A typical total station can measure distances with an accuracy of about 1.5
millimeters (0.0049 ft) + 2 parts per million over a distance of up to 1,500 meters
(4,900 ft.). Reflector less total stations can measure distances to any object that is
reasonably light in color, up to a few hundred meters.

Applications
Total stations are mainly used by land surveyors and civil engineers, either to
record features as in topographic surveying or to set out features (such as roads,
houses or boundaries). They are also used by archaeologists to record excavations and
by police, crime scene investigators, private accident Reconstructionist and insurance
companies to take measurements of scenes. Meteorologists also use total stations to
track weather balloons for determining upper-level winds.
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2. METHODOLOGY

Day-1
The given field is recognized and prominent features (big trees, septic
tank, gates, fence etc...) were noted down in the form of sketch. So as to take the
station from where maximum points can be plotted.
From the recognizing sketch we observed that half of the field is open
ground and the other half is filled with concrete structures, lawns, roads etc.
We started the survey in the open space. We took a point from where
maximum points can be covered and the total station is fixed at this point, which is
the first station point to begin survey and temporary adjustments are made like
centering and levelling. We took the northing and ‘0’set is done, this point is the
reference point for the first station point.
The prism rod is placed at the points where the total station is to be
sighted. The prism rod consists of a rod and a prism which is placed on the top of rod.
The total station is sighted to the first boundary point of the field which is the second
point of our survey, here the prism pole is fixed and it is sighted. Now the other
boundary points which are visible from the first station point in the field are sighted
by placing the prism rods respectively. The other prominent features such as septic
tank, boulders, gates, big trees etc. are also sighted. Then the contours on the ground
are taken randomly with 10m distance apart.
Take a point in the other part of the field from where we can sight
maximum remaining points. This point is the second station point of our survey. Take
a common reference point which can be sighted from first station point and second
station point. From the first station point foresight the second station point. Shift the
instrument from first station point and fix it on the second station point and temporary
adjustments like centering and levelling are done. Backsight at the common reference
point and the readings should resemble with the readings of first station point. Sight
the prominent visible points by placing the prism rod respectively and also sight the
common reference point which should be visible from both second and third station
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points. Take a station point and foresight from second station point to third station
point.

Day 2:
Fix the total station at the third station point and temporary adjustments
like centering and levelling are done. Backsight the common reference point and the
readings should resemble the readings of third station point. Sight the prominent
visible points by placing the prism rod respectively and also sight the common
reference point which should be visible from both third and fourth station points.
Take a station point and foresight from third station point to fourth station point.
Fix the total station at the fourth station point and temporary adjustments
like centering and levelling are done. Backsight the common reference point and the
readings should resemble the readings of fourth station point. Sight the prominent
visible points by placing the prism rod respectively and also sight the common
reference point. Take a station point and foresight from fourth station point to fifth
station point.
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3. SAMPLE OBSERVATIONS

PN: 100 PN: 153

PH: 2.000m PH: 1.500m
N: 1000m N: 953,034m
E: 2000m E: 1907.428m
Z: 100m Z: 102.976m
PC: STN1 PC: ST2

PN: 256 PN: 299

PH: 1.500m PH: 1.500m
N: 1069.315m N: 1068.752m
E: 1877.322m E: 198.388m
Z: 102.509m Z: 101.519m
PC: ST3 PC: ST4

4. RESULT
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1) Foot Ball Ground :

Area: - 17449.4017sq. m
Perimeter:-545.9218 m
2) M-Block :
Area: - 12338.3686 sq.m
Perimeter:-180.7642 m
3) Green House :
Area:-182.6193 sq.m
Perimeter: - 57.0438 m
4) Throw Ball Court :
Area:-1549.8463 sq.m
Perimeter:-155.4778 m

5) Appendix

a. Total observations
b. Traverse map with all details
c. Contour map
d. Layout plan in the open area

6) References

1. B.C Punmia, Surveying Volume I & II, Laxmi Publications.

2. Pentax User Manual.
3. CBIT Survey I & II laboratory Manual.
4. Satish Gopi Advanced Surveying: Total Station, GIS and Remote Sensing,
Pearson’s Publications.
5. Internet websites: youtube.com, nptelsurvey.in, mit.e-classes.in