Republic of the Philippines
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Higher Education Regional Office VI (HERO VI)
City Government of Bago
BAGO CITY COLLEGE
Rafael Salas Drive, Brgy. Balingasag, Bago City, Negros Occidental 6101
Tel: [034] 4611-363 | Fax: [034] 4610-546 | E-mail: bagocitycollege@yahoo.com.ph
COURSE GUIDE 2nd Cycle
MODULE IN SS4- PLACES AND LANDSACPES IN A CHANGING WORLD
2ND YEAR BSED – SOCIAL STUDIES
Module 3: WAYS OF PRESERVING THE ENDANGERED NATURAL LANDSACPES AND PLACES
Intended Learning Outcomes: At the end of this module, the student must have:
1. Described the different landscapes in the world using picture analysis.
2. Discussed the different ways of preserving the endangered landscapes.
3. Designed a brochure on different ways of preserving the endangered landscapes.
A. Introduction
A landscape, in this context, is not just the scenery that you view from a scenic lookout point. Instead, it is the combination of environmental and
human phenomena that coexist together in a particular place on Earth's surface. Landscapes include physical features like streams, oceans, forests, and
soils as well as human-constructed buildings, trails, fences, and mines. One emphasis of a landscape-based approach is that none of these features is
entirely natural or entirely human. While the concept of “environment” often refers only to the non-human phenomena that humans interact with, the
concept of “landscapes” refers to both human and non-human phenomena. Landscapes thus remind us that it is actually impossible to completely
disentangle the human from the non-human.
As our understanding of the dynamism of human-environment systems has evolved, geographers have continued to recognize the importance of
history while building a new emphasis on the recursive relationships (interactions in both directions) within the human-environment landscapes. We cannot
simply think about how humans have shaped a landscape, we must also think about how the natural features have enabled and constrained human efforts.
This bi-directional interaction, or coupledness, is why we study landscapes as a human-environment system. A dynamic historical perspective also reminds
us that there is no pre-determined way that a human-environment landscape will evolve or should evolve. “Landscapes aren’t just “out there” waiting for us
to interact with and learn from them. Instead, our interpretations of landscapes are shaped by our own preferences, needs, and experiences. In other
words, we mentally “construct” landscapes based on our perspective. For some, a particular landscape of coastal environments may represent
environmental preservation. For others, it may reflect recreation. For still others, it may evoke labor and oppression. This means that when we study a
landscape, we have to be careful not to imagine that we immediately see all that is there or that our initial perceptions are correct.
B. Activities
Take a closer look on the different landscapes as you provide a description on how it looks like as natural landscapes.
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This landscape is….
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Credit: Sagada Rice Terraces by Bernard Gagnon from Wikimedia
Commons(link is external) is licensed under (CC BY-SA 3.0(link is external))
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This landscape is….
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https://images.app.goo.gl/VZFDEv5r96w6qEM68
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This landscape is….
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https://images.app.goo.gl/iW2iBnJCs3ridM9D9
C. Analysis
Deepen your understanding for the following statement: Answer it comprehensively.
1. How landscapes are closed coexistence of humans and environments in terms of sustainable livelihood and grazing habitat and protection for
different species?
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2. In what way landscapes can be mentally “construct” and “create” bi-directional interactions and coupledness between human-environment
relationship as to develop cultural values, economic systems, and environmental conditions?
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D. Abstraction
Landscape means an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human
factors. It is is not defined by its sizes but defined by an interacting mosaic of ecosystems relevant to some phenomenon under consideration. Thus
landscape can be called as an area of land containing an interesting pattern of ecological processes. Landscapes and their associated ecosystems are
shaped by complex and interrelated biological, geological and hydrological responses to both natural and cultural influences.
Mountain. Landscapes. A mountain is an elevated landform that rises above the surrounding landscape. Mountain landscapes appear on every
continent on Earth. Mountains are created by the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates. The world's tallest mountain ranges form when pieces of
Earth's crust—called plates—smash against each other in a process called plate tectonics, and buckle up like the hood of a car in a head-on collision.
The Himalaya in Asia formed from one such massive wreck that started about 55 million years ago. Mountains often serve as geographic features
that define natural borders of countries. Their height can influence weather patterns, stalling storms that roll off the oceans and squeezing water
from the clouds. The other side is often much drier. The rugged landscapes even provide refuge—and protection—for fleeing and invading armies.
A landscape is all the things that we see in a place. There are different types of landscapes.
Mountain landscapes have mountains and valleys.
Coastal landscapes have beaches and cliffs.
Flat landscapes have plains and plateaus.
We can see natural and man-made elements in a landscape. Natural elements have not been made by humans.(Mountains, rivers, forests…)
Man-made elements have been made by humans. (Bridges, roads, houses…)
INLAND LANDSCAPES
MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES
Mountain landscapes consist of mountains and valleys. A mountain is an area of high land with steep sides. A group of mountains is called a
mountain range. A low mountain is called a hill. A valley is an area of low land between mountains or hills. Rivers often flow through valleys.
Mountain villages are small, and mountain roads are very narrow.
Flat Landscapes: Plains, flood plains and plateaus are different types of flat lands. A plain is a large area of low, flat land. It often has a wide
river flowing through it. The land near these rivers is fertile land. This land is called flood plain. The most important plains in Spain are the
Andalusia Plain and the coastal plains. Farmers cultivate grapes and cereals on the Andalusian Plain. They cultivate rice, fruit and vegetables on the
coastal plains.
A plateau is a large area of high, flat land. The biggest plateau in Spain is the Inner Plateau. It is in the center of the country. Farmers cultivate
wheat and barley here.
COASTAL LANDSCAPES: Coastal landscapes are areas of land near the sea. The land can be low or high. Coastal plains are areas of low land on
the coast. The land is flat. There are beaches with sand or rocks. Cliffs are areas of high land near the sea. The land is high and rocky. Waves
crash against the cliffs.
Coastal landscapes have different natural elements: An archipelago is a group of islands. The Canary Islands are an archipelago. A gulf is a large
area of sea that bites into the land. A bay is a small gulf. An island is an area of land completely surrounded by water. A cape is a large piece of
land that sticks out into the sea. A peninsula is a narrow piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. It is connected to the mainland by a
strip of land called isthmus.
PROTECTING COASTAL LANDSCAPES
Beaches, cliffs, rocks pools and the sea are home to many different plants and animals. It is very important to respect them when we visit the coast.
Don´t drop litter on the beach or throw it into the sea. It can harm animals. Put it in the bin.
Don´t pick wild plants. They may not grow back.
Don´t climb the cliffs. You may disturb an animal´s home. They also very dangerous places.
Don´t take dogs onto the beach if it is prohibited. They can disturb an animal´s habitat.
WHY DO LANDSCAPES CHANGE? Natural changes
A landscape can change naturally for many reasons.
Changes in the seasons. In autumn, deciduous trees lose their leaves. In winter, trees and land can be covered by snow. In spring,
flowers grow.
Rain and wind wear down soil and rocks over a long period of time, changing their shape. This is called erosion.
Natural disasters such as droughts, floods and volcanoes change the landscape.
Man-made changes
Humans also change the landscape.
Farming. People cut down trees to make space to cultivate crops.
Transport networks. We build airports, roads, railways and ports to connect towns, cities and countries.
Construction. We build offices, flats, schools and factories.
E. Application
Design a brochure on different ways of preserving the endangered landscapes. This is graded based on the given rubrics.
Task Description: (Teacher may explain specific assignment in this space.)
Criteria weight Professional Adequate Needs Work Unsatisfactory
Demonstrates in depth Demonstrates Demonstrates little Lacks understanding of
understanding of topic understanding of the understanding of topic topic
Accurately utilizes topic Employs research Reports only the most basic
Content 50% researched information Employs research information with a fair parts of the information
in the brochure information with an degree of accuracy
adequate degree of
accuracy
Well organized content Content is organized Content lacks organization Unorganized content
Attractive and well- Format is adequate Format is difficult to follow Hard to follow
designed format Message is sufficiently and poorly organized Message difficult to
Written Clear and easily understood Message not clearly understand; tendency to
20%
Presentation understood message Computer generated understood wander or ramble
Computer generated with acceptable eye Computer generated but Handwritten or computer
with strong visual appeal appeal poorly designed generated with little
organization or skill
Five sources used Three sources used Two sources used Less than two sources used
Use of reliable sources Sources have some Questionable reliability of Little reliability of sources
Research
15% Accurate analysis of reliability sources Inaccurate information
Quality research Adequate analysis of Basic information with
research questionable accuracy
Imaginative; original Creativity is acceptable Little creativity used No originality
Use of graphics make Use of graphics adequate Poor selection of graphics Graphics do not tie in with
Visual Appeal 15%
the message “come to present message the message
alive”
F. Evaluation
Instructions: Study and analyze each item carefully. Supply the given item with corresponding answer/s.
1. Look at the pictures and write mountain landscape, flat landscape or coastal landscape.
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2. Unscramble the letters and label the parts of the mountain.
3. Complete the sentences with plain or plateau.
A...................often has a wide river flowing through it.
A..................... is a large area of high, flat land.
A...................... is a large area of low, flat land.
The biggest..................... in Spain is in the centre of the country.
4. Circle the elements of coastal landscapes. Then, write them next to their definitions.
Peninsula cliff bay island archipelago beach
a. A high area of rock next to the sea. ....................................
b. A piece of land surrounded by water on all sides. ...................................
c. A group of islands. .....................................
d. A part of the sea that cuts into the land. ...................................
e. An area of flat land with sand or pebbles next to the sea..............................................
f. A piece of land surrounded by water on all sides except one. ....................
5. Write these coastal elements :
Archipelago, Isthmus, Cape, Peninsula, Bay, Beach, Gulf, Cliff, Island
6. Use the colour key and circle the words.
Mountain landscape---green Flat landscape---orange
Coastal landscape—blue
Slope Cliff Hill Valley Beach Mountain range
Peninsula Summit Bay Plain Plateau Island
Archipelago
7. Complete with these words:
beach mountain
plain island valley summit
foot slope cliff
8. Read and write natural change o man-made change.
Rain and wind wear down rocks. ....................................................
A volcano erupts. ....................................................
A dam is built on a lake. ....................................................
A deciduous tree loses its leaves. ....................................................
A field is planted with crops. ...................................................
9. Copy each sentence under the correct photo.
Don´t disturb wild animals. Don´t pick up the plants.
Don´t drop litter on the beach.
10. Complete your bilingual dictionary.
LANDSCAPES
-Inland landscape : -Plateau : ___ -Peninsula : ____
-Mountain : _____ -Cliff : ____ -River : _______
-Hill : _____ -Beach : _____
-Mountain range : _____ -Bay : _________ -Sea : _______
-Gulf : _________ -Wind: ______
-Valley : ___
-Cape : _____ -Mountain landscape
-Foot : ____ -Island : _____ :_________________________
-Slope : ____ -Archipelago : __ -Coastal landscape :
-Isthmus: ______ _________________________
-Summit : __
-Flat landscape:
-Plain : ____ __________________________
Prepared by:
IAN T. LASTIERRE, M.Ed
Par Time Instructor
EDUARDO D. QUIDTA JR., M.A.Ed, M.Ed
Part Time Instructor
