A 106

the pipe shall stand being bent cold through 180° around a marking of each length of pipe so furnished shall include the
cylindrical mandrel, the diameter of which is eight times the letters “NDE.” It is the intent of this test to reject pipe with
outside diameter (as shown in ANSI B 36.10) of the pipe, imperfections that produce test signals equal or greater than
without failure. that of the calibration standard.
11.2 Subject to the approval of the purchaser, for pipe 14.2 When the nondestructive electric test is performed, the
whose diameter exceeds 10 in. (254 mm), it shall be permis- lengths shall be marked with the letters “NDE.” The certifica-
sible for the bend test to be substituted for the flattening test tion, when required, shall state “Nondestructive Electric
described in Section 12. The bend test specimens shall be bent Tested” and shall indicate which of the tests was applied. Also
at room temperature through 180° with the inside diameter of the letters “NDE” shall be appended to the product specifica-
the bend being 1 in. (25.4 mm), without cracking on the outside tion number and material grade shown on the certification.
portion of the bent portion. 14.3 The following information is for the benefit of the user
11.3 For pipe whose diameter exceeds 25 in. (635 mm) and of this specification:
whose diameter to wall thickness ratio is 7.0 or less, the bend 14.3.1 The reference standards defined in 14.4 through 14.6
test described in 11.2 shall be conducted instead of the are convenient standards for calibration of nondestructive
flattening test. testing equipment. The dimensions of such standards are not to
NOTE 5—Diameter to wall thickness ratio 5 specified outside diameter/ be construed as the minimum sizes of imperfections detectable
nominal wall thickness. by such equipment.
Example: For 28 in. diameter 5.000 in. thick pipe the diameter to wall 14.3.2 The ultrasonic testing referred to in this specification
thickness ratio 5 28/5 5 5.6. is capable of detecting the presence and location of significant
12. Flattening Tests longitudinally or circumferentially oriented imperfections:
however, different techniques need to be employed for the
12.1 Except as allowed by 11.2, for pipe over NPS 2, a detection of such differently oriented imperfections. Ultrasonic
section of pipe not less than 21⁄2 in. (63.5 mm) in length shall testing is not necessarily capable of detecting short, deep
be flattened cold between parallel plates until the opposite imperfections.
walls of the pipe meet. Flattening tests shall be in accordance 14.3.3 The eddy current examination referenced in this
with Specification A 530/A 530M, except that in the formula specification has the capability of detecting significant imper-
used to calculate the “H” value, the following “e” constants fections, especially of the short abrupt type.
shall be used:
14.3.4 The flux leakage examination referred to in this
0.08 for Grade A
specification is capable of detecting the presence and location
0.07 for Grades B and C
of significant longitudinally or transversely oriented imperfec-
12.2 When low D-to-t ratio tubulars are tested, because the
tions: however, different techniques need to be employed for
strain imposed due to geometry is unreasonably high on the
the detection of such differently oriented imperfections.
inside surface at the six and twelve o’clock locations, cracks at
these locations shall not be cause for rejection if the D-to-t ratio 14.3.5 The hydrostatic test referred to in Section 13 has the
is less than ten. capability of finding defects of a size permitting the test fluid
to leak through the tube wall and may be either visually seen
NOTE 6—The H values have been calculated for sizes from NPS 21⁄2 to or detected by a loss of pressure. Hydrostatic testing is not
24, inclusive, and are shown in Table X1.1 of this specification. necessarily capable of detecting very tight, through-the-wall
13. Hydrostatic Test imperfections or imperfections that extend an appreciable
distance into the wall without complete penetration.
13.1 Each length of pipe shall withstand without leakage
14.3.6 A purchaser interested in ascertaining the nature
through the pipe wall, a hydrostatic test, except as provided for
(type, size, location, and orientation) of discontinuities that can
in 13.2, 13.3, and 13.4.
be detected in the specific applications of these examinations is
13.2 When specified by the purchaser, it shall be permis-
directed to discuss this with the manufacturer of the tubular
sible for pipe to be tested by the nondestructive electric test
product.
described in Section 14 in lieu of the hydrostatic test.
14.4 For ultrasonic testing, the calibration reference notches
13.3 When specified in the order, pipe shall be furnished
shall be, at the option of the producer, any one of the three
without hydrostatic test and without the NDE in Section 14. In
common notch shapes shown in Practice E 213. The depth of
this case, each length so furnished shall include the mandatory
notch shall not exceed 121⁄2 % of the specified wall thickness of
marking of the letters “NH.”
the pipe or 0.004 in. (0.102 mm), whichever is greater.
13.4 When the hydrostatic test and the NDE test are omitted
and the lengths marked with the letters “NH,” the certification, 14.5 For eddy current testing, the calibration pipe shall
when required, shall clearly state “Not Hydro Statically contain, at the option of the producer, any one of the following
Tested,” the specification number and material grade, as shown discontinuities to establish a minimum sensitivity level for
on the certification, shall be followed by the letters “NH.” rejection:
14.5.1 Drilled Hole—The calibration pipe shall contain
14. Nondestructive Electric Test depending upon the pipe diameter three holes spaced 120°
14.1 When allowed by 13.2, each pipe shall be tested with apart or four holes spaced 90° apart and sufficiently separated
a nondestructive electric test in accordance with Practice longitudinally to ensure separately distinguishable responses.
E 213, Practice E 309, or Practice E 570. In such cases, the The holes shall be drilled radially and completely through the