L e s s on 1

L i t u r g y a n d t h e S a c r a m en t s i n G e n e r a l

Carlo Enrico C. Tinio, S.T.B., M.A. PaM., M.A.L.

 L e s s on 1
L i t u r g y a n d t h e S a c r a m en t s i n G e n e r a l

Carlo Enrico C. Tinio, S.T.B., M.A. PaM., M.A.L.

Liturgy: The Proper Place
of the Sacraments
PLACE of the SACRAMENTS

Liturgy
LITURGY of the CHURCH

Sacraments
Sacraments
Greeks service in general: public, private, cultic
broad meaning

Jews cultic service:

narrow
meaning
worship inside the temple

J.Christ & all encompassing service:

the Apostles public worship, charitable works,
preaching the Word, self-sacrifice
Christians cultic service:
Today worship inside church, charitable works,
evangelization & catechesis, self-sacrifice
Original Meaning of the term Liturgy
secular meaning
public/private service
work or
service
belonging to
the people
profane sense PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SERVICE
“Among menial occupations those who
render such services (leitourgein) to an
individual are slaves, and those who do
so for the community are artisans and
hired laborers.” (Aristotle)

“ Since the mouth is deficient in teeth,

the service (leitourgia) which it
performs upon the food is deficient.”
(Aristotle)
profane sense ANY TYPE OF WORK
in its Original Secular Meaning
secular meaning
public/private service

service performed
for the good
of the people
service in general
in the Old Testament of the Holy Bible
sacred meaning
cultic service
has a very
exclusive meaning.

service
performed
by priests in the temple
 “Therefore, to the various expert workmen
whom I have endowed with skill, you shall
give instructions to make such vestments
for Aaron as will set him apart for his
sacred service (leitourgia) as my priest.”
(Exodus 28:3)
ritual meaning: CULTIC SERVICE
“When Zechariah’s
time of priestly service
(leitourgia) was over,
he went home.”
(Luke 1:23)
in the Holy Bible esp. in the New Test.

means MORE.
SERVICE OF CHRIST
christological sense

Christ’s service to GOD

and HUMANKIND
christological meaning

the self-offering of Christ, PRIEST

SERVICE OF CHRIST
who is the priest,
the victim
VICTIM
the new temple & TEMPLE
the altar of sacrifice ALTAR
Heb 8:1-2,
6-7;
9: 21;
10:11.
Acc. the Vatican II
an exercise of the
priestly office of
Jesus Christ
the self-offering of Christ,
who is the priest,
the victim
the new temple &
the altar of sacrifice
Two great effects: Liturgy of
Glory of God Christ

Sanctification of Humankind
Two great effects: Liturgy of
Christ

did not just appease the

anger of God,
but more than that, it
revealed the Glory of God
Two great effects: Liturgy of
Christ

not just
man’s redemption from death,
but more than that,
man’s sanctification
According to the teaching of the Church
Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium

God’s greatestGOD gift to serve God

to humankind to worship God
God’s initiative to thank God
to glorify God
through CHRIST
God redeems
and sanctifies man
CHRIST
Man worships
and glorifies God
Paschal Event Man’s response
Christ suffered, died,

Humankind’s most perfect,

rose again & ascended…

most pleasing sacrifice to God

HUMANKIND
“The main point of what has been said is
this: we have such a high priest, who has
taken his seat at the right hand of the
throne of the Majesty in heaven, a
minister (leitourgos) of the sanctuary and
of the true tabernacle that the Lord, not
man, set up. Now he (Christ) has obtained
so much more excellent a ministry
(leitourgias) as he is mediator of a better
covenant, enacted on better promises.
For if that first covenant had been
faultless, no place would have been
sought for a second one. (Hebrews 8:1-2, 6-7)
There (inside the veil) Taking two male
before the Lord he goats and
shall put incense on setting them
the fire so that a before the Lord
cloud of incense at the entrance
may cover the of the meeting
propitiatory over the tent, he shall
commandments; cast lots to
else he will die. determine which
Leviticus 16:13 one is for the
Jewish Atonement or Lord and which
Expiatory Sacrifice for Azazel.
(Yom Kippur = Day of Atonement) Leviticus 16:7-8
christological sense
the self-offering of Christ, PARI
SERVICE OF CHRIST
who is priest,
victim and
ALAY
altar of sacrifice ALTAR
By a single offering (the unique
sacrifice of the cross) he has perfected
for all time those who are sanctified.
Hebrews 7:26; 31st Sunday in OT
 Christ did not enter into a sanctuary made by
hands, a copy of the true one, but heaven
itself, that he might now appear before God
on our behalf. Hebrews 9:24; 32st Sunday in OT
… is rightly seen as an exercise of the priestly
office of Jesus Christ. It involves the
presentation of man’s sanctification under the
guise of signs perceptible by the senses and its
accomplishment in ways appropriate to each of
these signs. In it full public worship is performed
by the Mystical Body of Jesus Christ, that is, by
the Head and his members (SC 7).
According to the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy
Sacrosanctum Concilium, 4 Dec 1963
Art. 5
GOD

God’s initiative
God redeems
and sanctifies man
CHRIST
Man worships
and glorifies God
Paschal Event Man’s response
Christ suffered, died,
rose again & ascended…

HUMANKIND
According to the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy
Sacrosanctum Concilium of the 2nd Vatican Council
GOD

God’s initiative
God redeems
and sanctifies man
CHRIST
Man worships
and glorifies God
Paschal Event Man’s reponse
Christ suffered, died,
rose again & ascended…

HUMANKIND
Sacrosanctum Concilium

Today
CHRIST
CHRIST

Paschal Event
Christ suffered, died,
rose again & ascended…
 Past Present

Pag-aalaala
We remember
CHURCH

LITURGY

Paschal Event
Anamnesis 
PASSION, We celebrate
Eucharist
DEATH & By remembering the PDR SACRAMENTS
RESURRECTION CHRIST
of Christ
is made present

Pagsasa-Ngayon here & now

 Past Present

Pag-aalaala
CHRIST
We remember
CHURCH

LITURGY

Paschal Event
Anamnesis 
PASSION, We celebrate
Eucharist
DEATH & By remembering the PDR SACRAMENTS
RESURRECTION its effect
of Christ is made present
here & now

Pagsasa-ngayon
What are the signs
that make us feel
Christ is really
present…?
In the Liturgy Christ is present
in various modes
or ways:
Eucharistic Species

Minister

Church that sings

and prays
Word

Sacraments
Christ always
associates the GOD
Church with himself in this great work…
reveals
communicates
WORK
.
in which
God is perfectly
JESUS CHRIST glorified
CHURCH medium
Body of Christ
Bride of Christ

Man
WORK in which
men and women
are sanctified
and saved
an exercise of the priestly office of Jesus
Christ. It involves the presentation of
man’s sanctification under the guise of
signs perceptible by the senses and its
accomplishment in ways appropriate to
each of these signs. In it full public
worship is performed by the Mystical Body
of Jesus Christ, that is, by the Head and
his members (SC 7).
anaction
exerciseofofChrist the High Priest
the priestly office of Jesus
Christ. It involves the presentation of
sanctification
man’s sanctificationof man
under the guise of
thru
signs signs perceptible
perceptible by the senses of the
andsenses
its
accomplishment in ways appropriate to
each of these signs. In worship of God
it full public
worship is performed by the Mystical Body
& Christ,
of Jesus of his that
body thetheChurch
is, by Head and
his members (SC 7).
today

CHURCH

LITURGY


Eucharist

SACRAMENTS
today FUTURE

Pananabik
Pag-asa Heavenly Liturgy
GOD
CHURCH
We hope
LITURGY CHRIST

 Prolepsis CHURCH

We expect
Eucharist

While hoping to be MAN

SACRAMENTS
with God in heavenEternal Union bet. God & Man:

Patikim
we get a foretaste of that MAN saved
union here & now. GOD glorified forever .
 Pananabik
Pag-asa Heavenly Liturgy
GOD
CHURCH
We hope
LITURGY CHRIST

 Prolepsis CHURCH

We expect
Eucharist

While hoping to be MAN

SACRAMENTS
with God in heavenEternal Union bet. God & Man:

Patikim
we get a foretaste of that MAN saved
union here & now. GOD glorified forever .
Sacrosanctum Concilium
Art. 7 GOD
GOD
God redeems
and sanctifies man
CHRIST Head

CHURCH Mystical Body

LITURGY Signs perceptible


Eucharist
by the senses

SACRAMENTS

Man worships
and glorifies God.
Sacrosanctum Concilium
Art. 7 GOD
GOD
God redeems
and sanctifies man
CHRIST Head

CHURCH Mystical Body

LITURGY Signs perceptible


Eucharist
by the senses

SACRAMENTS

Man worships
and glorifies God.
an exercise of the priestly office of Jesus
Christ. It involves the presentation of
man’s sanctification under the guise of
signs perceptible by the senses and its
accomplishment in ways appropriate to
each of these signs. In it full public
worship is performed by the Mystical Body
of Jesus Christ, that is, by the Head and
his members (SC 7).
the participation of the
people of God in the
work of God.
CCC 1069
Through the

Christ… continues the

work of our redemption,
in, with and through his
Church.
CCC 1069
 PAST PRESENT FUTURE
GOD Heavenly
Heavenly Liturgy
Liturgy
GOD
GOD
God redeems
and sanctifies man
Christ
CHRIST
Church
Liturgy of Christ LITURGY of the CHURCH

MAN

CHRIST EUCHARIST
Eucharist Eternal Union between God & Man:
Man is saved and
Sacraments God is glorified forever.

Paschal event
Man worships
and glorifies God.
Liturgy does not exhaust...
(SC 9)

CHURCH
CHURCH

LITURGIA
SACRAMENTS
Acc. the Vatican II
not the only
activity of
CHURCH
CHURCH
the Church.
LITURGIA
SACRAMENTS
Acc. the Vatican II
not the only
activity of
CHURCH
CHURCH
the Church.
Evangelization
MARTYRIA LITURGIA Works of
DIAKONIA
& Catechesis Charity
SACRAMENTS
in the Holy Bible esp. in the New Test.
secular meaning
PUBLIC SERVICE or
means a lot Charitable Works
MORE.
“They decided to do it, and in fact they are
indebted to them, for if the Gentiles have
come to share in their spiritual blessings,
they ought also to serve (leitourgein) them
in material blessings.” (Romans 15:27)
in the Holy Bible esp. in the New Test.
apostolic meaning
SERVICE of
means a lot PREACHING the GOSPEL
“But I have written to you rather boldly in
MORE.
some respects to remind you, because of
the grace given me by God to be a
minister (leitourgos) of Christ Jesus to
the Gentiles in performing the priestly
service of the gospel of God, so that the
In what sense does Paul call
offering up of the Gentiles may be
himself
acceptable, sanctified by the holy Spirit.”
a “leitourgos,”
(Romans 15:15-16) a LITURGIST?
in the Holy Bible esp. in the New Test.
spiritual meaning
SERVICE of
means a lot OFFERING ONE’S LIFE
MORE. AS A SPIRITUAL SACRIFICE
“Indeed, even if my blood has to be
poured as a libation over your sacrifice
and the offering (leitourgia) of your faith,
then I shall be glad and join in your
rejoicing—and in the same way, you must
be glad and join in my rejoicing.”
See also 2 Cor 11:16-33 (Phil 2:17)
 Brothers, I beg you
through the mercy of God
to offer your bodies
as a living sacrifice,
holy and acceptable to God,
your spiritual worship.
Rom 12:1-2
Acc. the Vatican II Public Worship
ritual sense
Charitable Works
secular sense
really
means SERVICE OF CHRIST
christological sense
a lot.
Preaching the Gospel
apostolic sense
Self-offering as Spiritual Sacrifice
spiritual sense
Full Christian meaning:
“On one occasion
while the disciples
were engaged in the
liturgy of the Lord and
were fasting, the Holy
Spirit spoke to
them…” (Acts 13:2)

Acts 2:42
► celebration of divine worship
► proclamation of the Gospel

► active charity to neighbor

CCC 1070
 Liturgy is the summit toward which
the activity of the Church is directed;
it is also the fount from which all her
CHURCH
CHURCH

power flows.
Evangelization
MARTYRIA LITURGIA Works of
(SC 10)
DIAKONIA
& Catechesis Charity
SACRAMENTS

Culmen et Fons
Culminis Fontis
 R O L E of the F A I T H F U L
In order that the liturgy may be able to produce its
GOD
full effects it is necessaryGOD that the faithful come to
1
it with PROPER Holy Spirit
PROPERDISPOSITIONS…
DISPOSITION
Epiclesis that they TAKE Anaclesis
2
It is also necessary
AWARE of
(Invocation)
FULL,
whatCONSCIOUS,
TAKE
ACTIVE
they are doing,
PARTFULLY
PART
ACTIVELY
ACTIVELY
FULLY
(Elevation)
CHRIST
PARTICIPATION
ENGAGED in the rite and enriched by it. (SC 11)
ENGAGED CHURCH
LITURGY

= GRACE Eucharist
to the MAX
Sacraments

Methexis
Paraclesis (Active Participation)
(Transformation)
Since Liturgy is the primary and
indispensable source from which the faithful
are to derive the true Christian spirit,
Mother Church earnestly desires that
all the faithful should be led to that

full, conscious,
and active
participation in
liturgical
celebrations(cf. SC14)
Pius XII, encyclical letter
Mediator Dei (20 Nov 1947):
on the importance of the liturgy in
the spiritual life of the faithful:

Beyond a doubt,
liturgical prayer,
being the Church’s
public prayer, is
more excellent than
private prayer.
The sacred liturgy is an
overflowing source of
the life of piety.

The piety, which

is derived from the liturgy
possesses the greatest efficacy for
the spiritual life of all Christians.
 The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass
must be for all Christians
the center and principal source
of the life of piety.
 PAST PRESENT FUTURE
GOD Heavenly
Heavenly Liturgy
Liturgy
GOD
GOD
God redeems
and sanctifies man
Christ
CHRIST
Church
Liturgy of Christ LITURGY of the CHURCH

MAN

CHRIST EUCHARIST
Eucharist Eternal Union between God & Man:
Man is saved and
Sacraments God is glorified forever.

Paschal event
Man worships
and glorifies God.
 Holy Spirit
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
Epiclesis GOD Anaclesis Heavenly
Heavenly Liturgy
Liturgy
GOD
GOD
God redeems
and sanctifies man
Christ
CHRIST
Church
Liturgy of Christ LITURGY of the CHURCH

MAN

CHRIST EUCHARIST
Eucharist Eternal Union between God & Man:
Man is saved and
Sacraments God is glorified forever.

Paschal event
Methexis
Paraclesis (Active Participation)
Man worships
and glorifies God.
That in all things God may be
Glorified!