PLANNING, ANAYSIS, DESIGN

& ESTIMATION OF HOSPITAL

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

TARA CHANDRA PANJIYAR (1517101093)

ROSHAN KUMAR SAH (1517101075)

NIRANJAN LAL KARN (1517101057)

SACHIN KUMAR ADHIKARI (1517101077)

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

SONA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SALEM – 636 005
(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna University Chennai and Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)

DEC 2020
 PLANNING, ANALYIS, DESIGN
& ESTIMATION OF HOSPITAL

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

TARA CHANDRA PANJIYAR (1517101093)

ROSHAN KUMAR SAH (1517101075)

NIRANJAN LAL KARN (1517101057)

SACHIN KUMAR ADHIKARI (1517101077)

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

SONA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SALEM – 636 005
(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna University Chennai and Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)

DEC 2020

i
 SONA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
SALEM – 636 005

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled “PLANNING,ANALYSIS,DESIGN & ESTIMATION

OF HOSPITAL” is the bonafide work of TARA CHANDRA PANJIYAR (1517101093)
,ROSHAN KUMAR SAH (1517101075),NIRANJAN LAL KARN (1517101057), SACHIN
KUMAR ADHIKARI (1517101077) who carried out the project under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr. R. Malathy Prof. S.Saranya
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Department of Civil Department of Civil Engineering
Engineering Sona College of Sona College of Technology
Technology Salem- 636 005 Salem- 636 005

Submitted for the viva-voce examination held on …………………

Internal Examiner External Examiner

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our sincere gratitude to our honorable correspondent Chairman Shri

C. VALLIAPPA for providing immense facilities in our institution.

We are very proudly rendering our thanks to our principal Dr. S. R. R. SENTHIL

KUMAR for the facilities and the encouragement given by him to the progress and completion

of our project.

We regard our sincere and heartfelt thanks to our helpful staff of the department Prof. S.

SARANYA who has been the key spring of motivation to us throughout the completion of our

course and project work.

We proudly render our immense gratitude to the Head of the Department Dr. R.

MALATHY for her effective leadership, encouragement and guidance in the project.

We are highly indebted to provide our heart full thanks to our guide Prof. K. PRAKASH

for his valuable ideas, encouragement and supportive guidance throughout the project.

We would like to thank all faculty members of our Civil Engineering Department for

their valuable suggestions, kind co-operation and constant encouragement for successful

completion of this project.

We wish to acknowledge the help received from various Departments and various

individuals during the preparation and editing stages of the manuscript.

iii
 ABSTRACT
Multispeciality hospital building provides medical service to the people.The main

purpose of our project is to satisfies the medical needs of people.In this project we

concerned about the plan,analysis,design and estimate of Multispeciality hospital

building .The plan of the hospital building is done by using AUTO CADD

software. The analysis of structure were done by using STAAD Pro as well as IS

456:2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced cement concrete .The estimate

of hospital were done by Excel.The design of RCC slab,beam,column,footing and

staircase is baesd on limit state method as per IS 456:2000

iv
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE.NO
NO
ACKNNOWLEDGEMENT iii

ABSTRACT iv

LIST OF FIGURES viii

LIST OF TABLES v-vii

1 INTRODUCTION 01

1.1 GENERAL 01

1.2 SPECIFICATIONS 01

1.3 TYPE OF STRUCTURE 04

1.4 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS 05

1.5 SPECIFICATIONS AS PER NBC 06

1.6 DOCUMENTS TO BE ENCLOSED 09

FOR APPROVAL
1.7 OBJECT OF THE STUDY 10

1.8 SPECIFICATIONS ON PROPOSED 11

BUILDING
2 ANALYSIS REPORT FROM 12
STADD.PRO

v
 2.1 ANALYSIS REPORT FROM 12
MANUAL

3 DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL MEMBER 19

3.1 DESIGN OF BEAM 19

3.2 DESIGN OF COLUMN 22

3.3 DESIGN OF FOOTING 24

3.4 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB 26

3.5 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE 31

3.6 DESIGN OF SEPTIC TANK 33

4 ANNEXTURE 35

4.1 PROPOSED & EXISTING PLAN 35

4.2 GROUND FLOOR PLAN 36

4.3 FIRST FLOOR PLAN 37

4.4 SECOND FLOOR PLAN 38

4.5 THIRD FLOOR PLAN 39

vi
 4.6 SECTION 40
4.7 ELEVATION 41
4.8 3D VIEW 45
5 AR & VR 47
6 CONCLUSION 52
7 REFERENCES 53

vii
 List of figures
Figure No. Title Pg.No
1 Load By STAAD 12
2 Displacement By STAAD 12
3 Beam Stress By STAAD 13
4 Bending Moment Along X & Y By STAAD 14
5 Axial Force By STAAD 15
6 Shear Force By STAAD 15
7 Torsion By STAAD 16
8 Line Graph for Moment & Shear By STAAD 17
9 Result By STAAD 18
10 Reinforcement Detailing Of Beam 21
11 Reinforcement Detailing of Column 24
12 Reinforcement Detailing of Footing 26
13 Reinforcement Detailing of Two Way Slab 31
14 Reinforcement Detailing of Staircase 33
15 Plan & Sectional Elevation O f Septic Tank 34
16 Proposed & Existing Plan O f Hospital Building 35
17 Ground Floor Plan 36
18 First Floor Plan 37
19 Second Floor Plan 38
20 Third Floor Plan 39
21 Sectional View Of Hospital Building 40
22 Elevation View Of Hospital Building 41
23 Terrace Floor Plan 42
24 Rainwater Harvesting Plan & longitudinal Section 43
25 Sewage Treatment Plan 44
26 3D Rendered View By Revit 45

viii
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 General

A Building is a man-made structure with a roof and walls standing more or less
permanently in one place. Building serves several needs of society – primarily as shelter
from weather, security, living space, privacy to store belongings, and to comfortably
live and work. The different types of building are Mercantile Building, Industrial
Building, Institutional Building, Residential Building, Assembly Building, Storage
Building and Educational Building.
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with
specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment. The best-known type
of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emergency department to
treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a sudden
illness. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region,
with many beds for intensive care and additional beds for patients who need long-
term care. Specialized hospitals include trauma centers, rehabilitation
hospitals, children's hospitals, seniors' (geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing
with specific medical needs such as psychiatric treatment (see psychiatric hospital)
and certain disease categories. Specialized hospitals can help reduce health care
costs compared to general hospitals. Hospitals are classified as general, specialty, or
government depending on the sources of income received.

1.2 Specification
The sequences of construction of the Hospital building are specified below.
1
 a.Cleaning the site:

The proposed area is to be cleaned off and all the loose stones, plants and trees,
materials, rubbish of all kinds,etc,shall be cleared.

b.Earth work Excavation:

The concrete should be filled in the excavated earth beyond 1m from

the edge of trenches. After construction of foundation, the remaining before
starting excavation trial, pits should be dug to ascertain the depth of concrete
and sides should be left plump. The bottom of the foundation trenches should
be filled up with earth of 15cm well rammed and watered. The filling of earth
should be free from brickbats and clods.

c.Plinth Beam:

The plinth beam of size 230 X 400 mm in M20 (1: 1 ½: 3) is laid below
GL.

d.Soil Filling:

Soil filling is made to strengthen the basement. The soil filling is done
for the required depth and fully compacted. Depth of soil filling is 450mm

e.Flooring:

Using CM 1:4 25mm thick, placed over P.C.C 1:5:10, 130mm thick and
5mm thick for cement slurry.

2
f.Super Structure:

The main walls are of 230 mm thick. The thickness of the partition wall
is 110 cm. The height of the super structure is 3m

g.Dimensions of doors & windows and ventilation :

D1 - 1.22 m x 2.1m

D2 - 0.99 m x 2.1 m

D3 - 0.76 m x 2.1 m

D4 - 1.98 m x 2.1 m

W1 - 1.52 m x 1.2 m

W2 - 1.22 m x 1.2 m

W - 1.83 m x 1.2 m

V - 0.9 m x 0.6 m

Centering:

Centering is done for all RCC works before placing the concrete the top being
level and the sides vertical providing whenever necessary. Smooth finish steels are to
be worked for shuttering work. The complete centering work shall be assembled.

h.Roof slab:
Roofing with be RCC work with M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel
are used in roof slab. The thickness of roof slab is 110mm. The cover provided
is 25mm.

3
 i. Plastering:

The interior and exterior face of wall is plastered with CM 1:5, 12mm
thick and ceiling plastering with CM 1:3, 10mm thick

j.Painting:

All the frames of doors, gates, windows and ventilators are painted with 2
coats of ready mix emulsion paint over one prime coat.

1.2 Types Of Structure

The structure is classified into two types based on load distribution and they are
1) Load Bearing Structure
2) Framed Structure
Load bearing structures are structures where the load is transferred to the foundation
in load bearing internal and external walls. They are generally characterized by
having a small window to wall ratio (i.e. more structural area than window opening)
and internal walls. Due to large stresses within the brick or stone walls the height of
load bearing structure is limited.
A Framed structure is composed of beams and columns. In this structure the floor
load is transferred to beam and then it transfers to column which the column transfer
the load to foundation. In this, walls are not transferring any load. These types of
structures are used in high rise buildings.

4
1.3 Structural Components
The structural elements of buildings are slabs, beams, columns and foundation.
The details are described below.

a.Slabs:

It is a flat piece of concrete, put on walls or columns of a structure. It serves as

a walking surface and also serves as a load bearing member as in slab homes.

The slabs are classified into two types. They are:

• Lx/Ly> 2 - One Way Slab
• Lx/Ly< 2 - Two Way Slab
b.Beams:
A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily
resisting bending. Based on support conditions, it is classified into simply supported
beam, fixed beam, over hanging beam, double over hanging beam, continuous beam,
cantilever and trussed beam

c.C olumns:

Column is a compression member. It transmits load from beam to the foundation.

The columns are classified into two types based on slenderness ratio.

They are:
• Short columns - Slenderness ratio < 12
• Long columns - Slenderness ratio > 12
d.Foundations
A foundation is the substructure of the building. It transfers the load from
columns to the underlying soil. Foundations are general classified into two types based
on the depth of the foundation. They are: Shallow and Deep foundation.

5
1.5Specification as per NBC

The National Building Code (NBC) is a national instrument that will guide the
regulations for construction activity in the country. The code encompasses all the
aspects vital for safe and orderly building development. The building that does not
satisfy the requirements put forward by the NBC or violates it is bound to suffer
penalty, cancellation of sanction or demolition.

Basic Requirements

a. Lift

A building at a height of more than 13 meters is to have a lift that starts from
the ground floor, and have a minimum capacity of six persons. On the basis of
detailed calculations (based on the relevant provisions of National Building Code)
the number of lifts can be variable.

b. Fire Safety or Fire Protection

In the case of apartment buildings exceeding three storeys above ground level,
a certificate of approval from the Director of Fire Force or an officer authorized by
him should be obtained before issue of the building permit. All other requirements in
respect of fire protection shall conform to Part IV,Fire ProtectionNational Building
Code of India.

Every floor of any kind of residential accommodation exceeding 150 sq. meters
of floor area with a capacity of more than 20 persons should posses at least two
doorways, as remote as practicable from each other. At least one staircase should be
provided as a fire exit as defined by the National Building Code.
.

6
Building Services
The planning, design and installation of electrical installations, air-
conditioning and heating work shall be carried out in accordance with part VIII
Building Service Section 2 – Electrical installations, Section 3 Air conditioning and
Heating of National Building Code of India. The planning, design including the
number of lifts, type of lifts, capacity of lifts, depending on occupancy of building,
population on each floor and height of building.

Other Building Requirements

National Building Code regulates building construction & building use in order
to protect the health, safety & welfare of the occupant. In order to learn which codes
are being used and how they will affect you and your construction project, contact
your local building inspection department, developers and concerned Authorities.
Other building requirements are as follows.

• Every room that intended for human habitation shall abut on an interior or
exterior open space or to a veranda open to such interior or exterior open
space.
• Every interior, exterior or air space, unless the later is a street, shall be
maintained for the benefit of such building exclusively and shall be entirely
within the owner’s own premises.
• Every person who intends to erect, re-erect or make alternation in any place
in a building or demolish any building shall give notice in writing to the
concerned Authority of his intention in the prescribed form and such notice
shall be accompanied by plans and statements in sufficient copies.

7
 • No Objection Certificate (NOC) from Fire Service, Pollution Control Board,
Electrical safety department, Water Supply and Sewage Department and other
concerned department.
• No land shall be used as a site for the construction of building if the Competent
Authority considers that the site is unsanitary or that it is dangerous to construct
a building on it.
• Building should be safe for occupant and it is important to inspect when your
site is getting marked for dimensions. Inspect construction after every two feet
progress.
• Plinth level should not be less than 45 cm from the surrounding ground level.

Rooms
• Height shall not be less than 2.75m
• Size shall not be less than 9.5 sq.m with a minimum width of 2.4m

Bathroom and water closet:

• Height shall not be less than 2.0m

• Size shall not be less than 1.5m x 1.2m or 1.8 sq.m Store room.
• Height shall not be less than 2.2 m.
• Size shall not be less than 3 sq.m.

The building will be inspected by concern authorities and you will get
completion certificate for your apartment or building. Issuing of Completion
Certificate will ensure that the owner has constructed the building as per approved
plan. Without the occupancy certificate, it is difficult to get the electricity, water and
sanitary connection. The NBC 2005, formulated by the Bureau of Indian Standards,
spells out new regulations for adoption by infrastructure departments, municipal
administrators, public bodies and private agencies.
8
 Rain water harvesting system and solar water heater are mandatory for
newly constructed building in some states. National Building Code will soon be
updated with energy saving methods in construction methods. In order to learn
which codes are being used and how they will affect you, contact developers and
concerned Authorities in your locality for construction of building or apartment.
Deviation from approved plan or violation of National Building Code (NBC) will
lead to charge penalty, cancellation of approvals or demolition of property.

1.6 Documents To Be Enclosed For Approval

TABLE NO:1.7

S.No Name Of The Documents

1 Non Objection Certificates:
• Site Is Not Covered Under Land Ceiling Act, 1978
• Site Is Not Covered Under Land Reforms Act, 1961
2 Documents From Tahsildar
• Fmb/Town Survey Sketch
• Patta/Chitta/ Town Survey Land Records(TSLR)
• Village Map Copy
3 Site Plan
4 Proposed Layout Plan
5 Scale Of The Plan Should Be In 1:2000

9
1.7 Objective Of The Study:

➢ Carrying out a complete analysis and design of the main structural elements
of apartment building including slabs, columns, shear walls and foundations.

➢ Getting familiar with structural software's (Staad Pro, Autocad,Revit

architecture).
➢ Getting real life experience with engineering practices.

10
 SPECIFICATION OF PROPOSED BUILDING

➢ The proposed hospital building is located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

The building consists of G+3 floors. All floor is allotted for the check & treatment
of patients.

Each floor consists of multiple rooms. Each room consists of all the required
facilities to check and treat the patients. The total area of the hospital building is
1583.05 m2. The built up area for the building is 2326.46 m2.The surroundings of
the hospital building is fully in opened area.

The service life of the building is 90 years. The structure is Earthquake resistant. It
is constructed in modern style.

The National Building Code guidelines are followed in the proposed building.

11
 CHAPTER 2
ANALYSIS REPORT FROM
STAAD.PRO

Fig.1 Load

Fig.2 Displacement

12
Fig.3 Beam Stress

13
Fig.4 (a) Bending Moment Z

Fig.4 (b) Bending Moment Y

14
Fig.5 Axial Force

Fig.6 Shear Force

15
Fig.7 Torsion

16
Fig.8 Line Graph for Moment & Shear

17
Fig .9 Result (Zero Error after Analyzing)

18
 CHAPTER 3

DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL
MEMBER

3.1 Design Of Structural Member

Design Of Beam

Size Of Beam
Beam Size = 230 mm X 400 mm
b = 230 mm , D = 400 mm
Effective depth = D-clear cover-10/2
= 400-25-5
= 370 mm
Calculation of Effective Span

230 230
1) Effective span = 4920+ + =5150 mm
2 2

2) Clear span + d = 4920 + 370 = 5290 mm

Leff = 5150 mm

Calculation Of Load

D.L = (0.23*0.4*1)*25 = 2.3 kN/m

L.L = 12 kN/m
Total load = 14.3 kN/m
Factored load or design load (Wu) =1.5*14.3 = 21.45 kN/m
Design of moment

Mu =WuL2eff / /8= 21.45 * 5.152 /8 = 71.11 kNm

Mulim = 0.138 fck b d2 =0.138 *20*230*3702 = 86.90 kNm
Mu ˂ Mulim ( Under-reinforced section)

19
Calculation of reinforcement requirement
𝑓𝑦𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d [ 1- ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏𝑑

Ast ( required) = 628.79 mm2

𝜋
Ast (provided) = 4* * 122 = 452.39 mm2
4
𝜋
Spacing = 1000 * *122 / (628.79) = 179.87 mm
4

Provide 4-12 mm # @ 200 mm C/C

Check for deflection

𝐿𝑥 𝐿
˂ * Modification Factor
𝑑 𝑑
𝐴𝑠𝑡(𝑟𝑒𝑞.) 628.79
fs = 0.58 * fy * =0.58 * 415* =334.56 N/mm2
𝐴𝑠𝑡(𝑝𝑟𝑜) 452.39

K1 = 0.7
5150
˂ 20 * 0.7
370

13.92 < 14
Safe in deflection

Check for shear

5.15
Vu = Wu Leff / 2= 21.45 ∗ = 55.23 kN
2
𝑉𝑢 55.23∗103
τc = = = 0.65 N/mm2
𝑏𝑑 230∗370
100 𝐴𝑠𝑡 (𝑝𝑟𝑜) 100∗452.39
Pt = = = 0.53 %
𝑏𝑑 230∗370

For 0.53% , τc = 0.7 N/mm2,k= 1 (IS 456: 2000,pg 72)

𝜏𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 2.8
= = 1.4 N/mm2
2 2
𝜏𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝜏𝑐 < k𝜏𝑐 < Safe in shear
2

20
Fig.10 Reinforcement Detailing of Beam

21
3.2 Design Of Column

Effective length
Size = 230mm *230 mm
Length (L) = 4.92 m
Effective length (Le) = 0.8*L =0.8*4.92= 3.936 m
Check for slenderness ratio
𝐿𝑒 3.936
Slenderness ratio = = =17.11 >12
𝑏 0.23

Hence , long column

Calculation of Ag
Axial load =1250 kN
Ultimate load (Pu) = 1.5 *1250 = 1875 kN
Asc =1% of Ag
Ac = 99% of Ag
Pu = 0.4 fck Ac + 0.67 fyAsc
1875 * 103 = 0.4 *20*0.99 Ag +0.67 * 415*0.01 Ag
Ag = 160386.64 mm2
Longitudinal reinforcement

Asc = 1% of Ag = 1603.8664 mm2

Assume 25 mm #
1603.8664
No. of bars = П = 3.27 ~ 4
∗252
4

Transverse reinforcement
1
1) Diameter of lateral tie = *25 = 6.25 mm
4

2) (a) Pitch or spacing = 16* ∅ = 16 * 25 = 400 mm

(b) lateral dimension = 230 mm
(c) 300 mm

22
Provide 8 mm # @ 230 mm C/C

23
 Fig.11 Reinforcement Detailing of Column

3.3 Design of footing

Biaxial footing
Column size = 230 mm * 460 mm ( rectangular)
Axial load = 908 (factored)
SBC = 200 kN/m2
Mx = 5.1 kNm
My = 7.2 kNm
908
Area (A) = = 4.54 m2
200

Size = √4.54 = 2.13 m

Footing size ( square) = 2.13 m *2.13 m
2.13∗2.132
Zx = Zy = = 1.61 m3
6
𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑀𝑦 908 5.1 7.2
Load at point A (W1) = + + = + + = 207.64 kN
𝐴 𝑍𝑥 𝑍𝑦 4.54 1.61 1.61
𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑀𝑦 908 5.1 7.2
Load at point B (W2) = + - = + – = 198.70 kN
𝐴 𝑍𝑥 𝑍𝑦 4.54 1.61 1.61

24
 𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑀𝑦 908 5.1 7.2
Load at point C (W3) = - - = – – = 192.36 kN
𝐴 𝑍𝑥 𝑍𝑦 4.54 1.61 1.61

𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑀𝑦 908 5.1 7.2

Load at point D (W4) = - + = – + = 201.30 kN
𝐴 𝑍𝑥 𝑍𝑦 4.54 1.61 1.61

Moment (Mu) = (W1 + W2)*L / 2 = (207.64 + 198.70)*1.235/ 2 = 251 kNm

Mu = 0.138 fck b d2

251*106 = 0.138 * 20 * 2130 * d2

d = 206 mm

Take d = 250 mm

Take cover = 40 mm

Overall depth = 250 +240 = 290 mm

Area calculation
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d [1- ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑

Ast = 3173.58 mm2

Assume 20 mm #
3173.58
No. of bars = П = 10.10 7
∗ 202
4

П
1000𝑋202 𝑋
4
Spacing = = 98.99 mm ~ 100 mm
3173.58

Provide 12 nos. 20 mm # @ 100 C/C

25
 Fig.12 Reinforcement Detailing of Footing

3.4 Design of two way slab

Lx = 4.92 m Ly = 3.58 m
𝐿𝑦 3.58
= = 0.728 < 2
𝐿𝑥 4.92

Hence , two way slab

Calculation of effective depth

𝐿𝑥
= 25 (assume)
𝑑
4920
= 25
𝑑

𝑑 = 196.8 mm ~ 200 mm
∅ 10
Overall depth = d + clear cover + = 200 + 20 + = 225 mm
2 2

Calculation of load

Self weight = 0.225 x 25 = 5.625 kN/m

Live load = 3 kN/m
Floor finishes = 0.6 kN/m

26
Total load = 9.225 kN/m

Factored load (Wu) = 1.5 x 9.225 = 13.8375 kN/m

Calculation of effective span

L’x (a) C/C span = 4.92 +0.23 = 5.15 m

(b) clear span + effective depth = 4.92 + 0.2 = 5.12 m
L’x = 5.12 m

L’y (a) C/C span = 3.58 + 0.23 = 3.81 m

(b) clear span + effective depth = 3.58 + 0.2 = 3.78 m
L’y = 3.78 m

Calculation of bending moment

Moment coefficient

𝛼𝑥 = 0.0755 (Table 26, IS 456: 2000)

𝛼𝑦 = 0.056 (Table 26,IS 456 : 2000)
Mx = 𝛼𝑥 * Wu * L’2x = 0.0755 * 13.8375 * 5.12 2 = 27.39 kNm
My = 𝛼𝑦 * Wu * L’2x = 0.056 * 13.8375 * 5.122 = 20.31 kNm
Calculation of reinforcement along X and Y direction
Along X direction
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy Ast d [1- ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏 𝑑

415∗𝐴𝑠𝑡
27.39 * 10 6 = 0.87 * 415 * Ast *200 [1- ]
20∗1000∗200

Ast = 395.54 mm2

27
 1000𝑋 П⁄4𝑋 102
Spacing = = 198.56 mm ~ 200 mm
395.54

Provide 10 mm # @ 200 mm C/C

Along Y direction

𝑓𝑦𝐴𝑠𝑡
Muy = 0.87 fy Ast d [1 - ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏𝑑
415∗𝐴𝑠𝑡
20.31 * 106 = 0.87 *415* Ast * 200 [1- ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏𝑑

Ast = 289.98 mm2

1000𝑋 П⁄4𝑋82
Spacing = = 173.34 mm
289.98

Provide 8 mm # @ 175 mm C/C

Check for shear
𝑟4 𝐿𝑥 ′ 0.7284 5.12
Vu = Wu x ( 4
)x = 13.8375 x x = 7.768 kN
1+𝑟 2 1+0.7284 2

𝑉𝑢 7.768𝑋103
𝜏𝑣 = = =0.03884 N/mm2
𝑏𝑑 1000𝑋 200

1000𝑋 П⁄4𝑋102
Ast (pro) = = 392.7 mm2
200
𝐴𝑠𝑡 (𝑝𝑟𝑜)𝑋100
Pt = = 0.19635%
200𝑋1000

For Pt = 0.19635% , 𝜏𝑐 = 0.33 N/mm2 (Table 29 , IS 456:2000)

K = for overall thickness = 1.15 (page 72,IS 456:2000)
k𝜏𝑐 = 1.15 X 0.33 = 0.3795 N/mm2
𝜏𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 2.8
= = 1.4 N/mm2
2 2
𝜏𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝜏𝑣 < k𝜏𝑐 < Safe in shear
2

Check for deflection

𝐴𝑠𝑡(𝑟𝑒𝑞) 395.54
fs = 0.58 X fy X = 0.58 X 415 X =242.44 N/mm2
𝐴𝑠𝑡(𝑝𝑟𝑜) 392.7

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Modification factor (k1) = 1.5
𝐿𝑥 ′ 𝐿
< * k1
𝑑 𝑑
5120
< 20 * 1.5
200

25.6 < 30 Safe in deflection

𝐿𝑥 ′ 5120
Size of mesh = = = 1024 mm
5 5

Size of wall = 230 mm

Total mesh size = 230 + 1024 = 1254 mm
3 3
Area of torsional reinforcement = * Ast(req) = * 395.54 = 296.66 mm2
4 4

Use 8 mm # bar
1000𝑋 П⁄4𝑋82
Spacing = = 169.44 mm
296.66

Provide 8 mm # @ 200 mm C/C

Reinforcement in edge strip

0.12
Ast(min) = 0.12 % of ds = *1000*200 = 240 mm2
100

1000𝑋 П⁄4𝑋82
Spacing = = 209.44 mm
240

Provide 8 mm # @ 200 mm C/C

29
30
 Fig.13 Reinforcement Detailing of Two Way Slab

3.5 Design of dog-legged staircase

Height of floor = 3.05 m

Rise = 0.16 m
Tread = 0.30 m
Width = 1.52 m
Height of one flight = 3.05/2 = 1.525 m
1.525
No. of rises required = = 9.53 ~ 10
0.16

No. of tread = 10-1 = 9

Assume width of loading beam = 1.25 m

Thickness of waist slab = 200 mm

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 200
Weight of slab on slope (W1) = 𝑋 1 𝑋 1 𝑋 25000 = 5000 N/m2
1000

𝑊1 5000
Weight of horizontal area = X √𝑅2 + 𝑇 2 = X √0.162 + 0.302
𝑇 0.30

= 5666.67 N/m2
𝑅 160
Dead weight of steps = 𝑋 1 𝑋 25000 = 𝑋 25000 = 2000 N/m
2 𝑋 1000 2000

Total dead load per meter = 5666.67 + 2000 = 7666.67 N/m

Live load = 3000 N/m

Total load (W) = 10666.67 N/m

Design of waist slab

0.23 0.23
L= + 5.04 + = 5.27 m
2 2
𝑊𝑙 2 10666.67 𝑋 5.272
M= = = 37.03 X 106 Nmm
8 8
𝑙
= 25 (assume)
𝑑
5270
=d
25

d = 210.8 mm
10
D = 220 + 25 + = 250 mm
2

Reinforcement details
Main Reinforcement
𝑀 37.03 𝑋 106
Ast (req) = = = 809.53 mm2
𝜎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 𝑗 𝑋 𝑑 230 𝑋 0.904 𝑋 220

Use 12 mm diameter bars

П
1000 𝑋 𝑋 122
4
Spacing = = 139.71 mm
809.53

Provide 12 mm # @ 150 mm c/c

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 809.53
No. of bars = 𝜋 = 7.15 ~ 8
𝑋 122
4

Distribution bar
0.12
Ast (min) = 𝑋 1000 𝑋 250 = 300 mm2
100
𝜋
1000 𝑋 𝑋 82
4
Spacing = = 167.55 mm
300

Provide 8 mm # @ 170 mm c/c

300
No. of bars = 𝜋 = 5.96 ~ 6
𝑋 82
4

Fig.14 Reinforcement Detailing Of Staircase

3.6 Design of septic tank

Consider the number of people = 100

Consider headwork = 120 litres per person day
Total quantity of water supplied = per capita rate X population = 120 X 100
= 12000 litres /day

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Consider 80% of water is sewage = 12000 X 0.8 = 9600 litres/day
Total volume of sludge = 30 X 100 X 1 = 3000 litres
Total required capacity of tank = 9600 + 3000 = 12600 litres = 12.6 cumecs
Assume depth = 2 m
12.6
Surface area = = 6.3 m2
2

Assume ratio of length to width = 3:1

3B2 = 6.3
B = 1.5 m
Provide length of tank = 2.5 m
Free board of septic tank = 0.11 m
Hence, dimension of septic tank = 2.50 X 1.50 X (2+0.11)
= 2.50 X 1.50 X 2.11

Fig.15 Plan & Sectional Elevation O f Septic Tank

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 ANNEXURE 4

BUILDING DRAWINGS

4.1 Proposed & Existing Plan

Fig.16 Proposed & Existing Plan

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4.2 Ground Floor Plan

Fig.17 Ground Floor Plan

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4.3 First Floor Plan

Fig.18 First Floor Plan

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 4.4 Second Floor Plan

Fig.19 Second Floor Plan

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4.5 Third Floor Plan

Fig.20 Third Floor Plan

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 4.6 Sectional

Fig.21 Sectional View

40
 4.7 Elevation

Fig.22 Elevation view

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Fig.23 Terrace Floor Plan

42
Fig.24 Rainwater Harvesting Plan & Longitudinal Section

43
Fig.25 Sewage Treatment Plant

44
4.8 3D Rendered View

Fig.26 3D Rendered View By Revit

Fig.(a) Front View

Fig.26 3D Rendered View By Revit

Fig.(b) Back View

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Fig.26 3D Rendered View By Revit

Fig.(c) Left Side View

Fig.26 3D Rendered View By Revit

Fig.(d) Right Side View

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 CHAPTER 6

Augmented Reality (AR)

Augmented Reality (AR) is an advanced technology that enables superimposition

of computer-generated images over an existing, real-world view. AR adds digital
elements to a live view often by using the camera on a smartphone. Examples of
augmented reality experiences include Snapchat lenses and the game Pokemon Go.

Augmented Reality in Architecture

Augmented Reality has widespread applications in architecture and design, and
adds enormous value to the architectural projects by effectively portraying what
exactly an architect is trying to convey. A major AR help to architects is the ability
to showcase architectural models in a totally new way. Let us now evaluate how
architects use AR to create superior designs and persuade their clients better.

1. Visualize Plans like Never Before

AR helps architects to place a 3D model of the proposed design on an existing
space, which provides an augmented view of the overall architectural plan to
the client. The virtual model of what a project will look like upon completion
helps clients and potential prospects visualize architectural plans better.
2. Provide Amazing User Experience
Using AR technology enables the potential investors or buyers to get a better
view of the architectural plan as if they were in the real scenario. This kind of
user experience makes it easier to understand the plan better and suggest
changes where required.
3. Interactive Design Development Process
AR benefits multiple areas of design development and makes it interactive by
providing the option to touch and encourage interaction. Apart from providing
a better spatial awareness of the completed proposal, it also gives a chance for
refinement and modification. Besides, the finished models can be quickly
altered and experimented with different color palettes and patterns, building
materials, and building facades, along with the potential to be customized.
4. Walk Through the Designs

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 AR allows the users to walk through the designs, as a part of the designing
process. Such 3D architectural walkthroughs enable the users to see first-hand
how the spaces can be utilized and then develop or improve the plan from
there.
5. Reduce Errors and Shorten Design Time
By providing superior visualization, AR promotes efficiency in design practice
by helping architects to reduce errors, shorten the design time and eliminate
possible miscommunications with the clients and prospective buyers.
6. Capacity for Portability
As AR allows the models to be viewed on tablets and smartphones, users can
get an immediate access to a lot of information without the need for larger
models or huge rolls of paper, which easily get damaged. AR empowers
architects with the ability to quickly and easily visualize and create efficient
architectural plans and communicate the same to their prospective clients.

Virtual Reality (VR)

VR is proving to be an effective planning and rendering tool. By providing an

immersive, virtual environment, architects can get a better sense for a space before
it physically exists, enabling them to make more informed and accurate design
decisions. Moreover, it allows firms to make a more compelling case when making
a bid for a new project — instead of presenting a 2D rendering and a model, then
asking stakeholders to “use their imagination,” architects and designers can
actually take them on a virtual tour of the future space.

The point is, as the overall level of demand and complexity in modern building
continues to increase, embracing AR and VR, along with other innovative
technologies, will be key if construction wants to keep its head above water.
Historically speaking, no major industry has gotten very far by burying its head in
the sand — if we want to forge ahead, we need to start taking better advantage of
the new, impactful tools and resources at our disposal.

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49
50
51
 CHAPTER -5

CONCLUSION

➢ Here we conclude that there is a difference between the

theoretical and practical work done.
➢ As we get more knowledge in situation where we have great
experience in doing the practical work.
➢ The plan using AutoCAD, modeling of the structure, analysis by
seismic coefficient method and design of some selective parts
of the Hospital building using STAAD Pro and manual design
calculation satisfying the necessary requirements as per BIS
specification as well as various Indian standard code
specifications have been presented above.
➢ We have applied our gained knowledge during our project.
➢ We are able to work well technically in software like Revit and
STAAD.Pro.
➢ We have learned to solve the structure manually and also to
design the project in various software.
➢ We got idea how to start a project and the difficulties to overcome
in a project.
➢ This project was very informative and we were fulfilled at the end of
the project.

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 CHAPTER 6
REFERENCE

BOOKS:
➢ Illustrated Design Of Concrete Buildings, Dr. V.L. Shah and
Dr.S.R.Karve (for manual calculations reference)
➢ National Building Code of India, Edition 1983
➢ Design of Reinforced concrete elements: Dr.N.KRISHNARAJU

CODE BOOKS:
➢ IS – 456 code (for basic values of structure)
➢ IS – 875 part-II code (for computing loads of the structure)

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