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Molecular Pathogenesis of Cancer: Are Normal Genes Altered by

The document discusses the molecular pathogenesis of cancer and outlines seven key biological capabilities acquired during the development of malignant tumors, including self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, evasion of apoptosis, defects in DNA repair, limitless replication potential, sustained angiogenesis, and the ability to invade and metastasize.

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janna mae patriarca
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28 views2 pages

Molecular Pathogenesis of Cancer: Are Normal Genes Altered by

The document discusses the molecular pathogenesis of cancer and outlines seven key biological capabilities acquired during the development of malignant tumors, including self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, evasion of apoptosis, defects in DNA repair, limitless replication potential, sustained angiogenesis, and the ability to invade and metastasize.

Uploaded by

janna mae patriarca
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NOTES! NOTES! NOTES!

MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF CANCER 

1. SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN GROWTH SIGNALS 

● Tumors has the capability to proliferate without external 


stimuli 
● Proto-oncogenes ​are normal genes altered by ​oncogenes 

2. INSENSITIVITY TO GROWTH-INHIBITORY SIGNALS 

● Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes 


​

3. EVASION OF APOPTOSIS 

● Proliferation of cancer cells also by mutations in genes that 


regulate programmed cell death 

4. DEFECTS IN DNA REPAIR 

● Environmental agents damage normal dividing cells 


● Malignant transformation can occur here 

5. LIMITLESS REPLICATION POTENTIAL 

● Telomeres​ are structures at the end of the chromosome 


that shorten with cell division. Once shortened, proliferation 
ceases or apoptosis occurs. 
● Maintenance of ​telomere length and telomerase activity is 
essential for cancer cells 

6. SUSTAINED ANGIOGENESIS 

● Tumors stimulate the formation of a vascular supply called 


angiogenesis ​essential for growth and metastasis 

7. ABILITY TO INVADE AND METASTASIZE 

● Metastasis​ is the spread of cancer cells from a primary 


​

tumor to distant sites of the body 


 

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