From this question the researcher can collect both Quantitative and

Qualitative data .

Language as a system of communication differs from one place to another,

each place has its own variation which is influenced by many elements ; level
of education , gender , age and also the professions of these elements (economic,
social...) may lead to a linguistic variation which makes each language is
different than the other. Moreover, Tlemcen as large town includes many
regions; an urban one like Tlemcen town and rural one like Hennaya.

Gender and age play an critical role in linguistic change and variation in
both Tlemcen town and Hennnaya communities. In fact, In Tlemcen town
community women use the glottal stop more than men who try to avert it
whenever they talk to strangers .Also , women speaks French more than men
which is a prestigious way of speaking. However, Hennaya women speak rural
dialect more than man due to the fact that they stay at home and do not
communicate with other people of the urban areas. In addition, age also
influence the way of speaking for instance in Hennaya community younger
embrace their speech and they avoid the interdentals like in /ɵalǝƷ/ ‘’snow’’
they realized it as /tǝlƷ/ instead of /ɵǝlƷ/ . (Qualitative data example )

People in Tlemcen who live different regions speak in different way ,the ones
who live in the town speak different than the ones who live in the countryside.
The rural dialect of Tlemcen and the urban dialect of Hennaya differ on many
levels ; the morphological, phonological, and lexical levels.For instance ,the
lexical item [ntina] is one of the lexical items that characterize Tlemcen speech
community used to adress men . However, people from Hennaya use [nta] to
address to a man. Gender affect the use the personal pronouns [ntina] in
Tlemcen town where X% of women use /ntina/ in contrast with men Y % who
use [nta]. However, 100% of Hennaya speakers use [nta] to address to a man.

(Quantitative data example : The Use of the CA Pronoun /Ɂanta/ ‘you’ as [nta],
[ntina] )
1)

In this research, we find that in Tlemcen speech community females use urban
dialect more than men do while they use rural dialect more freuently because of
the speech accommodation and to avoid stereotypes.

As a result of the massive long-term migration of rural people towards the city
and the contact of two types of Arabic dialectal forms, the recent decades have
witnessed drastic changes in the dialect of Tlemcen. There is indeed much
evidence that native speakers, particularly among males, tend to avoid the use of
urban dialect to show their rurality and the harshness of Bedouin life, while
women are expected socially to reflect softness and urbanization.

The results show that urban dialect is used more by females than males in
Tlemcen speech community whereas the rural dialect is used by more by men
than women . 85% of males use Rural dialect while only 20% of females . In
contrast , 70% use urban dialect is used by females whereas only 10% of males
use it .

2)

The data revealed that there are several reasons for code-switching among
dialects . Regarding the reasons for dialect change , 30% of the respondents
chose administration , this result shows clearly that work in administration is
the leading cause behind code-switching among Tlemcen speech community.
Approval comes after with 25% as a lot of people of Tlemcen speech
community seek to fit in , they code-switch both consciously and unconsciously
to act or talk more like those around them while others 20% may switch from
one code to another due to traveling .As for marriage 15% of the speakers
preceive it as the purpose for dialect change .For the rest of them, (10%) they
emphasize the power as the reason behind code-switching among dialects.

3)

From the results, we can deduce that most respondents , who represent 20
females shows positive attidtudes towards rural -urban varieties spoken in
Tlemcen community, whereas about 5 others indicate negative attitudes.As for
males , 15 of them reveal positive attitudes as regards to rural -urban varieties
while 10 others appear to have negative attitudes about the discussed matter .
Indeed, the attitudes towards rural-urban varieties spoken in Tlemcen
community table helped us a lot in analysing this question since they argued
that females in Tlemcen community are more interested in rural-urban varieties
in order to prove their existence, to attract the attention of the others and to
show their feminist nature.