REPORT NOVEMBER

2019p 2020

DATA SERIES

Safety performance indicators –

Process safety events – 2019 data
Acknowledgements
IOGP gratefully acknowledges the participation of the companies that
have submitted Process Safety Event data. This report was produced
by the Safety Committee.

Photography used with permission courtesy of

©psphotograph/iStockphoto (Back cover)

Feedback

IOGP welcomes feedback on our reports: publications@iogp.org

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 REPORT NOVEMBER
2019p 2020

DATA SERIES

Safety performance indicators –

Process safety events – 2019 data

Revision history

VERSION DATE AMENDMENTS

1.0 November 2020 First release

IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events

Contents

Contributing IOGP member companies 6

Executive summary 7

1. Introduction 9
1.1 Data collection 10
1.2 Narrative event descriptions 11
1.3 Normalisation 12
1.4 Database dimensions 12

2. Overall results 15
2.1 Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE 15
2.2 Sabotage/wilful damage 17
2.3 Onshore and offshore 18

3. Results by work function 20

3.1 Drilling 20
3.2 Production 22

4. Results by activity 25
4.1 Tier 1 26
4.2 Tier 2 26

5. Results by consequence 27
5.1 Tier 1 28
5.2 Tier 2 28
5.3 Injury as consequence 31
5.4 Fire or explosion as consequence 32

6. Results by material released 33

6.1 Tier 1 33
6.2 Tier 2 34

4
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events

7. Results by region 35
7.1 Drilling 39
7.2 Production 42

8. Barriers 45

9. Causal Factors 50
9.1 Tier 1 PSE Causal Factors 50
9.2 Fatal Incident Causal Factors 57
9.3 High Potential Event Causal Factors 59

10. Company results 62

Appendix A: Data tables 64

Overall 64
By work function 68
By activity 72
By consequence 72
By material released 74
By region 75
By company 98

Appendix B: Countries represented 99

5
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Executive summary

Contributing IOGP Member

Companies
The 2019 statistics were derived from data provided by the following IOGP Member
Companies.

ADNOC MOL

AKER ENERGY NEPTUNE ENERGY

AKERBP NORTH OIL COMPANY

ASSALA ENERGY OIL SEARCH

BEACH ENERGY OMV

BHP PAN AMERICAN ENERGY

BP PETROBRAS

CAIRN ENERGY PETRONAS CARIGALI SDN BHD

CEPSA EP PGNIG

CHEVRON PLUSPETROL

CHRYSAOR PREMIER OIL

CNOOC PTTEP

CONOCOPHILLIPS QATARGAS

DRAGON REPSOL

ENI SASOL

EQUINOR ASA SHELL COMPANIES

EXXONMOBIL SONANGOL

GULF KEYSTONE SUNCOR

HESS CORPORATION TOTAL

HUSKY TULLOW OIL

INPEX WINTERSHALLDEA

KMG WOODSIDE

KOSMOS YPF

KUWAIT OIL COMPANY

6
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Executive summary

Executive summary

IOGP Report 456 – Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators,
published in 2011 and revised in 2018, provides guidance on Key Performance Indicators (KPI) to
upstream companies for managing process safety hazards and risks and to prevent unplanned and
uncontrolled loss of containment of materials.

2019p – Safety performance indicators - Process safety events – 2019 data is a further step towards
making Process Safety Event (PSE) data and associated KPIs available to stakeholders. PSE data
presented in this report are based on voluntary submissions from participating IOGP member
companies and are not necessarily representative of the entire upstream oil and gas industry.

IOGP started a pilot process of data collection in 2010. Data for the years 2011–2018 have been
previously published in report 2018p.

The collection of PSE data has progressed, with the number of companies reporting increasing from
26 in 2011 to 47 in 2019.

In this report, 2019 data are published together with 2011–2018 data.

A summary of 2011–2019 data can be found in Appendix A.

The Process Safety Events (PSE) data presented are based on the numbers of Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE
reported by participating IOGP member companies, broken down for:
• onshore and offshore
• drilling and production
• activities
• consequences
• material released

Tier 3 and Tier 4 process safety KPIs are not included in this report as they are primarily intended
for use at a company or facility level. Guidance on Tier 3 and Tier 4 indicators is available in report
456, Part G.

The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented have been normalised against reported work hours associated
with drilling and production activities to provide PSE rates.

7
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Executive summary

0.7 Tier 1
0.61
Tier 2
0.6
PSE per million work hours

0.52
0.50 0.50
0.5 0.44 0.44
0.42
0.39 0.39
0.4
0.29
0.3
0.19 0.19
0.16 0.16
0.2 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14

0.1

0.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Note: 2011-2012 total incidents and rates reflect the introduction of PSE reporting.
Data collected since 2013 carry greater confidence.

Figure 1: PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2

In 2019, 1 of the reported PSE resulted in 1 workforce fatality.

Fatal incident and high potential event descriptions that are process safety related or Process
Safety Events from the Safety performance indicators report are in 2019pfh – Fatal incident and
high potential event report. The intention is to enable feedback of learnings from events and to help
organisations to categorise process safety events.

8
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Introduction

1. Introduction

In response to a number of Major Incidents, the oil and gas industry has identified opportunities to
improve Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for monitoring and review within management systems
in order to more proactively identify and address barrier weaknesses.

IOGP published Report 456 – Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators
in November 2011. A revision was issued in November 2018. This IOGP Report builds on the
framework and definitions included in the API Recommended Practice (RP) 754 (revised in April
2016), Process Safety Indicators for the Refining and Petrochemical Industries on process safety
indicators, with specific emphasis on their application to upstream oil and gas activities.

IOGP Report 456 and API RP 754 adopt a four-tier framework of KPIs which is illustrated in Figure 2.

Tiers 1 and 2 are predominantly lagging indicators related to Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC)
referred to as a Process Safety Event (PSE).

The Tier 1 KPI records events with greater consequence within the four-tier approach.

The Tier 2 KPI records incidents with a lesser consequence.

Key Definitions
Process Safety
A disciplined framework for managing the integrity of hazardous operating systems and processes by applying good
design principles, engineering, and operating and maintenance practices. It deals with the prevention and control of
events with the potential to release hazardous materials or energy. Such releases can result in toxic effects, fire or
explosion, and could ultimately result in serious injuries, property damage, lost production and environmental impact.

Major Incident
Hazardous event that results in:
• multiple fatalities or severe injuries, or
• extensive damage to structure, installation or plant, or
• large-scale impact on the environment (e.g. persistent and severe environmental damage that can lead to loss
of commercial or recreational use, loss of natural resources over a wide area or severe environmental damage
that will require extensive measures to restore beneficial uses of the environment).

NOTE 1: This definition is adapted from ISO 17776 [4].

NOTE 2: This definition is intended to incorporate terms such as ‘major accident’.

9
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Introduction

Tier 1

Le
LOPC events

ad
of greater
consequence

ing
ind
s Tier 2

ic a
tor

tor
ica

LOPC events of lesser consequence

s
ind
ng

Tier 3
ggi

Challenges to safety systems

La

Tier 4
Operating discipline & management system performance indicators

Figure 2: Process Safety Indicator Pyramid (from API RP 754, April 2016)

RP 754 Tier 1 and Tier 2 KPI definitions and thresholds have been adopted by IOGP with the intent
that both indicators can be applied across production and drilling operations for the industry
worldwide.

Tier 1 and Tier 2 KPIs include LOPC incidents that are reportable as Process Safety Events (PSEs) if
the incident results in any of the consequences shown in Figure 3.

The definitions refer to material release threshold quantities, which are published in Part E of IOGP
Report 456.

A glossary of terms related to PSE and Process Safety Indicators can be found in 2019s – Safety
performance indicators – 2019 data or online at https://data.iogp.org/Safety/Glossary/.

1.1 Data collection

Participating IOGP member companies were asked to report the number of offshore and onshore
Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE for both drilling and production, consequences relating to Tier 1 and Tier 2
PSE and additional information about the material released and the operational activities at the
time of the release. Note that a single PSE can result in multiple consequences, so the total number
of consequences reported will equal or exceed the total number of PSEs.

Information was also requested on fatalities that resulted from PSE, i.e., the number of PSE
that resulted in one or more fatalities, as well as the actual number of fatalities (employees and
contractors, or third parties).

10
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Introduction

1.2 Narrative event descriptions

Descriptions and lessons learned for events that had fatal consequences for company or contractor
employees available at https://data.iogp.org/Safety/FatalIncidents. High potential events are
available at https://data.iogp.org/Safety/HighPotentialEvents. The narrative descriptions of fatal
incidents and high potential events are submitted separately to the process safety event data
published in this report, and therefore there can be no direct correlation between them and the data
published in this report.

The fatal incidents and high potential events that have been collected as part of the annual safety
performance indicators report (at https://data.iogp.org/Safety/FatalIncidents and https://data.iogp.
org/Safety/HighPotentialEvents), which are process safety events or process safety related, are
published as 2019pfh, Fatal incident and high potential event reports. These are narratives of process
safety events and of process safety related events where there are significant learnings but the
criteria for PSE is not met, e.g., equipment not connected to the process. The intention is to enable
feedback on learnings from events and to help organizations to categorize process safety events.

Key Definitions
Primary containment
A tank, vessel, pipe, truck, rail car, or other equipment designed to keep a material within it, typically for purposes
of storage, separation, processing or transfer of gases or liquids. The terms vessel and pipe are taken to include
containment of reservoir fluids within the casing and wellhead valving to the surface.

Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC)

An unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material from primary containment, including non-toxic and non-
flammable materials (e.g. steam, hot water, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed air).

Process Safety Event (PSE) – IOGP reportable

An unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material including non-toxic and non-flammable materials (e.g.
steam, hot water, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed air) from a process, or an undesired event or
condition, that under slightly different circumstances, could have resulted in a release of material.

Secondary Containment
An impermeable physical barrier specifically designed to mitigate the impact of materials that have breached
primary containment (i.e. an LOPC). Secondary containment systems include, but are not limited to: tank
dykes, curbing around process equipment, drainage collection systems, the outer wall of open top double
walled tanks, etc.

11
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Introduction

Tier 2 Indicator Definition and Consequences

Process safety event definitions, reproduced from API RP 754
A Tier 2 Process Safety Event (PSE) is an LOPC with lesser consequence. A Tier 2 PSE is an
Tier 1 Indicator Definition and Consequences unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material, including non-toxic and non-flammable
materials (e.g., steam, hot water, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed air), from a process
A Tier 1 PSE is an unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material (Loss of Primary that results in one or more of the consequences listed below and is not reported as a Tier 1 PSE:
Containment, or LOPC), including non-toxic and non-flammable materials (e.g., steam, hot • An employee, contractor or subcontractor recordable injury
water, nitrogen, compressed CO2, or compressed air), from a process that results in one or
• A fire or explosion damage greater than or equal to $2,500 of direct cost to the company
more of the consequences listed below:
• An engineered pressure relief (PRD, SIS, or manually initiated emergency depressure)
• An employee, contractor or subcontractor ‘days away from work’ injury and/or fatality
device discharge, of a quantity greater than or equal to the threshold quantities in Part E
• A hospital admission and/or fatality of a third party in any one-hour period, whether directly to atmosphere or via a downstream destructive
• An officially declared community evacuation or community shelter-in-place including device that results in one or more of the following four consequences:
precautionary community evacuation or community shelter-in-place – rainout
• A fire or explosion damage greater than or equal to $100,000 of direct cost – discharge to a potentially unsafe location
• An engineered pressure relief (e.g., use of a pressure relief device (PRD), safety – an on-site shelter-in-place or on-site evacuation, excluding precautionary on-site
instrumented system (SIS), or manually initiated emergency depressure) discharge, of shelter-in-place or on-site evacuation
a quantity greater than or equal to the threshold quantities in Part E in any one-hour
– public protective measures (e.g., road closures) including precautionary public
period, whether directly to the atmosphere, or via a downstream destructive device that
protective measures
results in one or more of the following four consequences:
• An upset emission from a permitted or regulated source, of a quantity greater than or
– rainout
equal to the threshold quantities in Part E in any one-hour period, that results in one or
– discharge to a potentially unsafe location more of the following four consequences:
– an onsite shelter-in-place or on-site evacuation, excluding precautionary on-site – rainout
shelter-in-place or on-site evacuation
– discharge to a potentially unsafe location
– public protective measures (e.g., road closures) including precautionary public
– an on-site shelter-in-place or on-site evacuation, excluding precautionary on-site
protective measures
shelter-in-place or on-site evacuation
• An upset emission from a permitted or regulated source, of a quantity greater than or
– public protective measures (e.g., road closures) including precautionary public
equal to the threshold quantities in Part E in any one-hour period, that results in one or
protective measures
more of the following four consequences:
• A release of material greater than or equal to the threshold quantities described in Part
– rainout
E in any one-hour period.
– discharge to a potentially unsafe location
Note: See section 2 for additional guidance on releases from a Pressure Relief Device (PRD), cold vent flaring, shelter-
– an on-site shelter-in-place or on-site evacuation, excluding precautionary on-site in-place and public protective measures.
shelter-in-place or on-site evacuation Note: Some non-toxic and non-flammable materials (e.g. steam, hot water or compressed air) have no threshold
– public protective measures (e.g., road closures) including precautionary public quantities and are only included in this definition as a result of their potential to result in one of the other consequences.
protective measures Note: An internal fire or explosion that causes an LOPC from a process triggers an evaluation of the consequences. The
LOPC does not have to occur first.
• A release of material greater than or equal to the threshold quantities described in Part Note: In determining the Threshold Release Category, a company may choose to use either the properties of the released
E in any one hour period. material based upon laboratory analysis at the time of the release, or the properties documented in the safety data
sheet. Companies should be consistent in their approach for all LOPCs.
Note: Refer to API RP 754, Annex G (Application of Threshold Release Categories to Multicomponent Releases) for
guidance on how to properly determine the threshold quantity for mixtures.

Note:“Days away from work” injury should be taken to be the same as the IOGP defined Lost Work Day Case (LWDC).

Figure 3: Process Safety Event definitions and thresholds (from IOGP Report 456, extract from API RP 754, 2016)

1.3 Normalisation
Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE have been normalised against work hours associated with process safety
events using the following formula for the PSE Rate. Refer to IOGP Report 456, Part C, for further
information.
Total Tier 1 PSE Count
Tier 1 PSER = × 1,000,000
Total Hours Worked (for drilling and production activities)

Total Tier 2 PSE Count

Tier 2 PSER = × 1,000,000
Total Hours Worked (for drilling and production activities)

Data are only included for normalised results where both work hours and process safety event data
are reported for the data set and work function.

1.4 Database dimensions

The PSE data collected by IOGP are based on the numbers of Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE reported by
companies, separately for drilling and production activities and subdivided into offshore and onshore data.

PSE relating to sabotage or wilful damage are reported separately and are presented in section 2 of
this report. They are not included in the results presented in sections 1–7.

12
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Introduction

The entire IOGP safety performance database, which is used to produce the annual Safety
performance indicators report (IOGP report 2019s), contains work hours which are split into offshore
and onshore work hours and five function categories (defined in the glossary of terms in 2019s –
Safety performance indicators – 2019 data as work functions):
• exploration
• drilling
• production
• construction
• unspecified.

For the purposes of the process safety event database, the only applicable functional categories from
the entire IOGP safety performance database are drilling and production, onshore and offshore. The
work hours associated with PSEs reported in 2011–2019 for drilling and production, onshore and
offshore, are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Related work hours – work hours related to datasets where either Tier 1 or Tier 2 PSE were reported.
Year Drilling work hours Production work hours Total work hours in PSE
(‘000s) (‘000s) reporting database (‘000s)
Onshore 2011 181,886 484,714 666,600
2012 204,503 581,768 786,271
2013 252,936 630,071 883,007
2014 277,704 784,652 1,062,356
2015 308,974 764,793 1,073,767
2016 176,569 538,959 715,528
2017 213,760 753,564 967,324
2018 197,136 839,533 1,036,669
2019 239,913 926,493 1,166,406
Offshore 2011 87,563 217,102 304,665
2012 130,607 292,076 422,683
2013 161,081 288,501 449,582
2014 209,049 431,834 640,883
2015 194,746 402,807 597,553
2016 127,434 253,391 380,825
2017 127,431 354,782 482,213
2018 120,748 337,548 458,296
2019 150,527 410,892 561,419
Total 2011 269,449 701,816 971,265
2012 335,110 873,844 1,208,954
2013 414,017 918,572 1,332,589
2014 486,753 1,216,486 1,703,239
2015 503,720 1,167,600 1,671,320
2016 304,003 792,350 1,096,353
2017 341,191 1,108,346 1,449,537
2018 317,884 1,177,081 1,494,965
2019 390,440 1,337,385 1,727,825

13
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Introduction

The work hours associated with the PSE data reported have been calculated as a subset of the
drilling and production function work hours from the safety performance database (see IOGP Report
2019s – Safety performance indicators – 2019 data) which have been reported for 2011–2019. Work
hours have been used as a reference to provide an indication of scope for the PSE data presented
throughout this report.

Work hours have been included where the company has reported associated Tier 1 or Tier 2 PSE
(PSE values of zero or greater), for the country and onshore/offshore location (data set). Work hours
are excluded for data sets where Tier 1 or Tier 2 PSE figures are not available. The associated work
hours differ between Tier 1 and Tier 2 because, although all companies reported both Tier 1 and
Tier 2 PSE data, not all companies reported PSE data for all of their global operations.

Some companies that reported PSE data do not split work hours by work function. The reported
PSEs and work hours associated with these companies have therefore been excluded from the
normalised analysis. Table 2 shows the number of data sets reported that include Tier 1 or Tier 2
data.

Table 2: Number of data sets

Year
Data sets reported
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

PSE data Overall 322 429 381 574 594 491 517 547 510
sets
Tier 1 322 428 378 571 589 487 507 542 508

Tier 2 270 426 375 547 586 481 513 533 507

Tier 1 PSE by Consequence 58 76 63 68 63 61 71 59 63

data sets
by Material 45 56 53 60 58 52 64 52 56

by Activity 44 54 56 54 50 47 50 53 43

Tier 2 PSE by Consequence 69 103 109 125 118 93 106 88 107

data sets
by Material 54 74 91 120 113 88 101 87 90

by Activity 54 78 90 109 113 88 101 87 88

PSE data set: A set of data with distinct company, country and location (onshore/offshore) where PSE data have been entered
(i.e., not blank).

14
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Overall results

2. Overall results

2.1 Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE

The total number of Tier 1 and Tier 2 process safety events reported for 2011–2019 and the
normalised rates are shown in Figure 4, Figure 6 and Table 3. The data include onshore and offshore
activities related to production and drilling operations.

47 companies contributed PSE data in 2019 (vs. 26 in 2011, 32 in 2012, 39 in 2013, 44 in 2014, 44 in
2015, 39 in 2016, 43 in 2017 and 42 in 2018) (see Table 4 and Appendix B). This is in comparison with
48 companies contributing to the safety performance indicators database in 2019 (45 in 2011, 49 in
2012, 50 in 2013, 52 in 2014, 49 in 2015, 43 in 2016, 45 in 2017 and 46 in 2018).

1000 912 892

Tier 1

795
Tier 2
795
800 715
637 617 607
Number of PSE

600 496

400 311 291 276 256 260

244 254
192 192
200

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 4: Total number of PSE – Tier 1 and Tier 2

2000 Tier 1
Related production + drilling hours

1,639 1,631 1,712 1,724 Tier 2

1,588
1,522
1,450 1,443 1,495 1,440
1500
1,326 1,311
1,197 1,160
million hours

1,096
971 1,015
913
1000

500

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 5: Number of related production + drilling work hours

15
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Overall results

The data presented in Figure 6 have been normalised using the company-reported work hours
associated with drilling and production operations.

Where companies have not provided work hours for the drilling and production functions
specifically, their reported PSEs and overall work hours have been excluded from the normalised
analysis shown in Figure 6. See Table A.1.

0.7 Tier 1
0.61
Tier 2
0.6
PSE per million work hours

0.52
0.50 0.50
0.5 0.44 0.44
0.42
0.39 0.39
0.4
0.29
0.3
0.19 0.19
0.16 0.16
0.2 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14

0.1

0.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 6: PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2

Table 3: Number of reported PSE

Year

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Number of PSE Tier 1 311 244 291 276 254 192 192 256 260

Tier 2 496 637 912 892 795 715 617 607 795

Number of PSE for Tier 1 278 228 252 227 216 176 187 238 244
normalised results*
Tier 2 475 582 803 808 700 444 558 555 729

PSE Rate Tier 1 0.29 0.19 0.19 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.13 0.16 0.14

Tier 2 0.52 0.50 0.61 0.50 0.44 0.44 0.39 0.39 0.42

*Excludes PSE where no related drilling or production work hours were reported.
For related work hours for normalised results, see Table 4 (Scope – overall results).

In 2019, reported PSE represented approximately 99% of the drilling and production work hours
in the 2019 IOGP safety database, i.e., out of 1,738 million hours (90% in 2018, 90% in 2017, 76% in
2016, 85% in 2015, 70% in 2014, 70% in 2013, 63% in 2012, 52% in 2011).

46 of the 47 participating companies reported data for both Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE, although not for
all countries reported.

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IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Overall results

Table 4: Scope – overall results

Year

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Companies Overall 26 32 39 44 44 39 43 42 47
reporting
PSE data Tier 1 26 32 39 44 44 39 43 42 47

Tier 2 20 29 38 42 44 39 43 41 47

Related Tier 1 971 1,197 1,326 1,639 1,522 1,096 1,449 1,495 1,712
work hours
(millions) Tier 2 913 1,160 1,311 1,631 1,588 1,015 1,443 1,440 1,724

Data sets Tier 1 322 428 378 571 589 487 507 542 508
reported
Tier 2 270 426 375 547 586 481 513 533 507

PSE data set: A set of data with distinct company, country and location (onshore/offshore) where PSE data have been entered
(i.e., not blank).

2.2 Sabotage/wilful damage

Process safety events as a result of sabotage or wilful damage were reported for 2011–2019, but
were not included in the PSE totals or normalised rates since they are a specific subset of PSE with
unique barriers and controls.

Table 5: Sabotage/wilful damage – number of reported PSE

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Number of PSE related to sabotage or wilful damage

Tier 1 PSE 21 87 113 91 52 18 13 14 20

Tier 2 PSE 14 51 47 49 20 4 0 5 3

20 Tier 1 PSE related to sabotage or wilful damage were reported in 2019. 18 of the 20 occurred
onshore. All 20 were associated with production operations and resulted in material release.

None of the sabotage/wilful damage PSE reported to date involved fatalities.

17
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Overall results

2.3 Onshore and offshore

The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented below represent production and drilling PSEs and associated
work hours.

800 Tier 1
710
700 Tier 2 666 664
630
600
Number of PSE

500 469
446
440 434

400 376

300 267
275
247 246 240 226
220 223
200 185 182 183
168 165 155 161
143 131
120
100 59 49
44 44 36 34 37 30 37

0
Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore
2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019

Figure 7: Total number of PSE – Tier 1 and Tier 2 – onshore and offshore

1200 1,152 1,165

Tier 1
1,061 1,057 1,037
Tier 2 1,009 992
1000 960 967 963
880 864

800 775
738 716
Million hours

699
667
623 622
579
600 563
531
560 559
482 480 458 448
446 446
423 423
400 381
305 290 316

200

0
Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore
2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019

Figure 8: Number of related production + drilling work hours

18
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Overall results

0.8
Tier 1
0.7 Tier 2 0.67
0.63
PSE per million work hours

0.6 0.57 0.56

0.51 0.52
0.50
0.5 0.47

0.40 0.39 0.39 0.40

0.4 0.35
0.38 0.38
0.34
0.30
0.3 0.28
0.24 0.23
0.22
0.19 0.20 0.20
0.2 0.18 0.18
0.14 0.14
0.13
0.09 0.09 0.10
0.1 0.06 0.06
0.07 0.07

0.0
Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore
2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019

Figure 9: PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2, onshore and offshore

Over the nine-year period of 2011–2019, the onshore Tier 1 PSE rate has averaged 2.4 times the
offshore rate, and the onshore Tier 2 PSE rate has averaged 1.5 times the offshore rate, as shown in
Figure 9.

19
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by function

3. Results by work function

Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented represent both onshore and offshore combined.

3.1 Drilling
2019 Tier 1 process safety events relating to drilling activities represent 378 million work hours, 95%
of all drilling hours in the main IOGP safety database (399 million hours). 2019 Tier 2 process safety
events relating to drilling activities represent 387 million work hours, 97% of all drilling hours in the
main IOGP safety database.

150 Tier 1
130
Tier 2
113
120
Number of PSE – Drilling

90
71

60 47
51
45 42
38
34

30 20 17 20 19 16
12 13 10
10

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 10: Total number of PSE – Tier 1 and Tier 2 – Drilling

500 465 472 476 Tier 1

410 418 Tier 2
400
378 387
400
Million hours – Drilling

335 325 341 339

318 309
304
300 281
269 261

200

100

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 11: Number of related drilling work hours

20
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by function

PSE per million work hours – Drilling

0.4 Tier 1
0.30 Tier 2
0.3
0.23
0.21
0.2
0.16 0.15
0.12 0.11
0.11
0.09
0.1
0.07 0.05 0.05
0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02
0.02 0.03
0.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 12: PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2 – Drilling

80
Tier 1
69
70 68
Tier 2
61
Number of PSE – Drilling

60

50 45

40 37
34
31 30
30 27
23 24
22
19 20
20 18
16
15
12 12
11 11 10 11
9 9 9 8 9
10 8
6 7 8
3 3 2 1
0
Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore
2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019

Figure 13: Total number of PSE – Tier 1 and Tier 2 – Drilling – Onshore and Offshore

350
Tier 1
301
300 Tier 2
276
267
258
250
Million hours – Drilling

250 240 240

229
214 212
205 206
195 197 193
200 189
182176 174 177 172
161 160 160
149148
150 131 131 127 127127 121 116
109
100 88 85

50

0
Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore
2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019

Figure 14: Number of related drilling work hours

21
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by function

0.5
Tier 1
PSE per million work hours – Drilling

0.42
Tier 2
0.4

0.3 0.28 0.28

0.24 0.24
0.22 0.21
0.2
0.16 0.16
0.13 0.13
0.12
0.10 0.11
0.1 0.09
0.07 0.07
0.08 0.09 0.08
0.06 0.06
0.05 0.05 0.05
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03
0.02 0.02 0.01
0.0
Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore
2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019

Figure 15: PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2 – Drilling – Onshore and offshore

3.2 Production
2019 Tier 1 process safety events relating to production activities represent 1,334 million work
hours. This is nearly 100% of all production hours in the IOGP safety database (1,339 million hours).
2019 Tier 2 process safety events relating to production activities represent 1,337 million work
hours, almost 100% of all production hours in the IOGP safety database.

782 779
800 748 753 Tier 1
681 Tier 2
700
Number of PSE – Production

566 566 569

600

500 451

400
291
271
300 227
257
242 243 250
182 176
200

100

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 16: Total number of PSE – Tier 1 and Tier 2 – Production

22
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by function

1500 Tier 1
1,334 1,337
Tier 2
1,174 1,159 1,177
1,104 1,112 1,108 1,105 1,131
1200
Million hours – Production

916 911
862 835
900 792
702 734
652

600

300

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 17: Number of related production work hours

0.8 0.75 Tier 1

PSE per million work hours – Production

0.7 0.66 Tier 2

0.61 0.60 0.59
0.6 0.56
0.51
0.46 0.46
0.5
0.37
0.4

0.3 0.25 0.25

0.19 0.21 0.19
0.18 0.18
0.2 0.15

0.1

0.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 18: PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2 – Production

700
642 Tier 1 634
605 607
600 Tier 2
Number of PSE – Production

500
435 425 424
414
400 358

300 256
255
238 230
211 215 214
200 179 177
152 145
131 137 141 148 135
119
93
100
48 41 36
36 33 27 31 34 28

0
Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore
2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019

Figure 19: Total number of PSE – Tier 1 and Tier 2 – Production – Onshore and offshore

23
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by function

Tier 1
Tier 2
1000
923 926
840
800 785 799
742 756 754 752
Million hours – Production

701
630 624
600 570
543 539
527
485
447
417 411 411
400 390 403
356 355 353 338 331
292 292 286 286
253
217 205 208
200

0
Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore
2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019

Figure 20: Number of related production work hours

1.0 Tier 1
Tier 2
PSE per million work hours – Production

0.84

0.8 0.76 0.76

0.71
0.69

0.62
0.60
0.6 0.54

0.48 0.47 0.48

0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42
0.39
0.4 0.33 0.32
0.29 0.28
0.25 0.25 0.24
0.23 0.22
0.17 0.17
0.2 0.15
0.13
0.10 0.11
0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09

0.0 Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore
2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019

Figure 21: PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2 – Production – Onshore and offshore

24
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by activity

4. Results by activity

The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented in this section represent production operations both onshore
and offshore and are broken down by activity, i.e., whether the event occurred during normal
operations, start-up or shutdown. Drilling results are not split by activity, since this would not be
meaningful.

‘Other’ is the category used when the event could not be classified under any of the other headings
(start-up, normal operations or shutdown).

‘Unspecified’ is used for PSE where the activity has not been provided.

25
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by activity

4.1 Tier 1
In 2019, 21 of the companies that reported more than one production PSE provided a breakdown
by activity for Tier 1 PSE. There is an increase in the number of PSE where the activity was not
specified, but the breakdown by activity for 2019 PSE is similar to the breakdown for previous years.

Unspecified 41% Normal operations 52%

Other 3%

Shut down 0.4% Start up 3%

Figure 22: Production PSE by activity 2019 – Tier 1

4.2 Tier 2
In 2019, 28 of the companies that reported more than one production PSE provided a breakdown
by activity for Tier 2 PSE. There is an increase in the number of PSE where the activity was not
specified, but the breakdown by activity for 2019 PSE is similar to the breakdown for previous years.

Unspecified 39% Normal operations 56%

Other 2%

Shut down 1% Start up 2%

Figure 23: Production PSE by activity 2019 – Tier 2

26
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by consequence

5. Results by consequence

The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented represent both onshore and offshore, and production and
drilling, combined.

More than one consequence can be associated with each reported process safety event. The
consequence classifications, extract from Report 456 – Process Safety – Recommended Practice on
Key Performance Indicators, are listed in Table 6. Refer to Report 456 Part E for further information
and threshold tables. Report 456 Part H contains examples that can be used as an aid to the
interpretation of the guidance.

The analysis in this section shows the consequences assigned to Tier 1 and Tier 2 process safety
events. A single PSE can result in multiple consequences, so the total number of consequences
reported will equal or exceed the total number of PSEs.

27
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by consequence

5.1 Tier 1
Information was provided on the consequences of individual events for 99% of Tier 1 PSE reported in
2019. The breakdown by consequence for 2019 PSE is similar to the breakdown previous years.

3rd Party Hosp / Fatality 0.4%

Fatality or LWDC 4% Community Evacuation 0.4%
Fire or Explosion 6%
PRD Discharges 6%

Material release 84%

Figure 24: Consequences assigned to Tier 1 PSE – 2019

5.2 Tier 2
Information was provided on the consequence of individual events for 99% of Tier 2 PSE reported in
2019. The breakdown by consequence for 2019 PSE is similar to the breakdown previous years.

Recordable injury 1%

Unspecified 1% Fire or explosion 8%

PRD discharges 10%

Material release 80%

Figure 25: Consequences assigned to Tier 2 PSE – 2019

28
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by consequence

Table 6: Consequence classifications (Reference IOGP Report 456 Part E)

Thresholds for LOPC resulting in actual harm or damage

An LOPC, including PRD discharge and upset emission from a permitted or regulated source, is a Tier
1 or 2 PSE when it results in one or more of the consequences, irrespective of the amount of material
released.

PSE Level
Consequence
Tier 1 Tier 2

Injury to employee or Fatality and/or Lost Workday Case (‘days Recordable occupational injury (restricted
contractor away from work’ or ‘lost time injury’) work case or medical treatment case)

Injury to third party Fatality, or injury/illness that results in a None

hospital admission

Impact to the community ª Officially declared community evacuation None

or community shelter-in-place including
precautionary community evacuation or
community shelter-in-place

Fire or explosion b Fire or Explosion resulting in greater than Fire or Explosion resulting in greater than
or equal to $100,000 of direct cost to the or equal to $2,500 of direct cost to the
Company Company
a Community evacuation/shelter-in-place would apply only to onshore facilities with public receptors that could potentially be exposed to impact from the release.
b For a fire or explosion, the classification should be done on the fire or explosion direct cost not the release rate. Fire or Explosion takes precedence over
release rate in this case.

Thresholds for LOPC material releases

An LOPC is a Tier 1 or 2 PSE, even when no serious harm or damage results, if the amount of material
released exceeds specified thresholds.

PSE level

Tier 1 Tier 2

An LOPC release of a gas or See Tables E.4, 5 or 6 for Tier 1 threshold See Tables E.4, 5 or 6 for Tier 2 threshold
liquid exceeds the material quantities quantities
release threshold quantities
in any one hour period

These thresholds for the amount of material released are based on Tier 1 and 2 categories from API RP 754, which are
in turn based on the UN Recommendations on the Transportation of Dangerous Goods.

29
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by consequence

Thresholds for PRD discharges and upset emissions

An engineered pressure relief (pressure relief device (PRD), safety instrumented system (SIS) or
manually initiated emergency depressurization) device discharge event, or an upset emission from a
permitted or regulated source, is a Tier 1 or 2 PSE if it results in serious harm or damage per Table E.1,
or it exceeds the material release threshold quantities per Tables E.4, 5 or 6 and results in any of the
listed criteria in Table E.3.

PSE level

Tier 1 Tier 2

An engineered pressure relief (PRD, Event is a Tier 1 PSE if it resulted in Event is a Tier 2 PSE if it resulted in
SIS or manually initiated emergency the consequences listed in Table E.1, the consequences listed in Table E.1,
depressurization) device or an regardless of the quantity released, or regardless of the quantity released, or
upset emission from a permitted Event results in a: Event results in a:
or regulated source discharge, 1. rainout, or 1. rainout, or
either directly to atmosphere or
2. discharge to a potentially hazardous 2. discharge to a potentially hazardous
to a destructive device (e.g., flare,
location, or location, or
scrubber)
3. on-site shelter-in-place a or on-site 3. on-site shelter-in-place a or on-site
evacuation, excluding precautionary evacuation, excluding precautionary
on-site shelter-in-place or on-site on-site shelter-in-place or on-site
evacuation, or evacuation, or
4. public protective measures 4. public protective measures
including precautionary public including precautionary public
protective measures protective measures
and the quantity discharged equals or and quantity discharged equals or
exceeds any Tier 1 threshold in Tables exceeds any Tier 2 threshold in Tables
E.4, 5 or 6 E.4, 5 or 6
These thresholds for the amount of material released are based on Tier 1 and 2 categories from API RP 754, which are in turn based on international UNDGL
Packing Groups.
a Mustering offshore would be considered ‘shelter-in-place’ only if it was undertaken to separate people from a potentially hazardous atmosphere.

30
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by consequence

5.3 Injury as consequence

In 2019, 1 fatal incident resulted in 1 workforce fatality.

9.8
10
9.1 8.9
Percentage of total reported PSE

8.3

8
6.9

6 5.2
5.1

3.9
4 3.5

2.5 2.6

1.6 1.8 1.6

2 1.4 1.6
1.2
0.7 0.5 0.4 0.40.4
0 0 0 0 0
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
PSE resulting in Fatality or LWDC
PSE resulting in Third Party Hospitalisation/Fatality
PSE resulting in Fatality

Figure 26: Tier 1 PSE with injury as consequence as a percentage of total reported Tier 1 PSE

39
40

35

30
Number of Fatalities

25

20 17

15
8
10 7
6 5
5
4
5
1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Employee/contractor fatalities
Third party fatalities

Figure 27: Number of fatalities

Key Definitions
Tier 1 injury
• An employee, contractor or subcontractor ‘days away from work’ injury and/or fatality
• A hospital admission and/or fatality of a third party

31
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by consequence

5.4 Fire or explosion as consequence

15 13.9 Tier 1
Percentage of total reported PSE

13.0
Tier 2
12 10.6
10.5
– fire or explosion*

9.6 9.2
9.0
9 7.8 8.1
7.4 7.3
6.2 5.9 5.8
6 4.7
4.2
3.8

3 2.3

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
* where the consequence was reported.
Note: The Tier 1 threshold for direct cost changed with 2017 data reporting; for 2011–2016 data the threshold was $25,000 of
direct cost to the Company. The threshold for Tier 2 is unchanged.

Figure 28: PSE with fire or explosion as consequence as a percentage of the total reported PSE where
information on consequence was reported

Key Definitions
Tier 1 fire
A fire or explosion resulting in greater than or equal to $25,000 of direct cost to the Company.

Tier 2 fire
A fire or explosion resulting in greater than or equal to $2,500 of direct cost to the Company.

Note: The Tier 1 threshold for direct cost changed with 2017 data reporting; for 2011 – 2016 data the threshold was
$25,000 of direct cost to the Company. The threshold for Tier 2 is unchanged.
See Report 456, Part C.

32
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by material released

6. Results by material released

The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented represent both onshore and offshore, and production and
drilling, combined. ‘Unspecified’ is used for PSE where the type of material released has not been
provided.

6.1 Tier 1
In 2019, 24 of the companies that reported one or more Tier 1 PSE provided information on the
material released. Information on the material released was provided for 64% of Tier 1 PSE reported
for 2019.

100
14.6 12.0 13.0
18.8
a percentage of total reported PSE
Tier 1 PSE by material released as

22.8 22.0 20.8

28.7 5.2 3.5
3.9 35.8
80 1.9 5.5
6.9 4.2

9.4
42.1 41.7 2.7
60 39.6 61.7
40.6
47.0 44.0
31.6
34.2
40

35.8 36.5
20 25.4 24.7 31.9 32.8
24.8 25.4
21.1

3.5 4.9 3.8 1.8 3.5 2.6 4.7 1.2 1.9

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Unspecified or not relevant
Other gases
Hazardous liquid
Flammable gas
Toxics

Figure 29: PSE by material released as a percentage of total reported PSE – Tier 1

33
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by material released

6.2 Tier 2
In 2019, 28 of the companies that reported more than one Tier 2 PSE provided information on the
material released. Information on the material released was provided for 66% of Tier 2 PSE reported
for 2019.

100 7.1
12.1
17.3 16.2
a percentage of total reported PSE
Tier 2 PSE by material released as

20.4 20.8
30.3 6.8 12.7 33.8
35.9
80 3.2
7.7
8.5 12.3

4.6
6.7 7.0
60 49.8
41.3 53.1
52.8 32.2 39.9
45.8
32.2 37.2
40

20 31.6 31.5 29.8 28.4

19.8 22.3 23.6 25.7 21.3

3.8 1.4 3.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 3.2 1.5 0.6

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Unspecified or not relevant
Other gases
Hazardous liquid
Flammable gas
Toxics

Figure 30: PSE by material released as a percentage of total reported PSE – Tier 2

34
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by region

7. Results by region

All data submissions are reported by country and are summarised by region. The Tier 1 and Tier 2
data presented represent both onshore and offshore, and production and drilling, combined.

NORTH RUSSIA & CENTRAL ASIA

AMERICA
EUROPE

ASIA/
AUSTRALASIA

MIDDLE
EAST
AFRICA
SOUTH &
CENTRAL
AMERICA

Figure 31: The seven geographic regions

35
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by region

250 2019
2018
200 2017
Number of Tier 1 PSE

173 2016
162
152 2015
150 2014
125

100 101
2013
100 2012
96
93
83

60 56
72 75
2011
58

50 34
29 32 31 32 30
26 24 24 26 24 2126 28 26
19 20 21212425 20 22
15 15
19 19 20 1718
14 13 15 12 13 15 11 12
8 12 7
3 7 1 3 3 5 2 6

0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia & South &
Australasia East America Central Asia Central
America

Figure 32: Number of Tier 1 PSE – by region

2019
389
480
366
256

326
322

250
242

241
2018
232

210 2017
200 2016
Number of Tier 2 PSE

163 2015
150 141
2014
2013
131

117 116
108
101 98 2012
100 94 94 95

2011
83 88 87
81 81 79
76
70 68 73 74 74
69 70
63 64
57 56 59 63 59
56 56 58
46
50
45
37 41 41 42 38
34
23 20 20
15 21 17
11 11 11
7

0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia & South &
Australasia East America Central Asia Central
America

Figure 33: Number of Tier 2 PSE – by region

36
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by region

The normalised data presented only include PSE where drilling or production work hours were
reported for the data set in the main safety database, hence some PSE have been excluded. See
Tables A.21 – A.28 (Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by region and function).

0.7 2019

0.64
Tier 1 PSE per million work hours

2018

0.59
0.6
2017

0.52
2016

0.48
0.48

0.5
0.47
2015
0.42

0.38
0.38
0.4 2014
0.35

2013

0.29

0.29
0.29

0.3
0.27

2012
0.25
0.22

0.21

2011

0.20

0.19
0.19
0.2

0.16
0.16
0.15

0.15

0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14

0.14

0.14
0.14

0.13
0.13

0.13
0.12

0.12
0.12

0.12
0.12
0.11

0.11

0.11

0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09

0.08

0.08
0.08
0.08

0.1
0.08

0.08

0.07

0.07
0.07

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07

0.06

0.06

0.05
0.05

0.05
0.04

0.03
0.03
0.03

0.03
0.01

0.0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia & South & All regions
Australasia East America Central Central
Asia America

Figure 34: Tier 1 PSE Rate – PSE per million work hours

1.4 2019
1.32

1.24

2018
Tier 2 PSE per million work hours

1.24
1.16
1.16
1.16

1.2
1.14

2017
2016
0.99

1.0
0.94

2015
1.24
0.84
0.78

0.8 2014
0.75
0.73

0.67

2013
0.64

0.61
0.59

0.6
0.54
0.53

2012
0.52
0.51

0.50
0.50
0.49
0.49

0.48
0.47
0.47

0.46

0.45

0.44
0.44
0.43

0.42
0.41

2011
0.39
0.38

0.39
0.39

0.39
0.38

0.37

0.4
0.32

0.31
0.29
0.28
0.28
0.27

0.27

0.26
0.23

0.23
0.23

0.22
0.21
0.21
0.21

0.20
0.19
0.18

0.17

0.16

0.2
0.14
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.10

0.09

0.08
0.07

0.07

0.0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia & South & All regions
Australasia East America Central Central
Asia America

Figure 35: Tier 2 PSE Rate – PSE per million work hours

37
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by region

Africa 16%
South & Central America 17%

Russia &
Central Asia 7% Asia/Australasia 18%

North America 13%

Europe 9%

Middle East 20%

Figure 36: Related work hours for Tier 1 PSE analyses 2019 – by region, overall

Africa 17%
South & Central America 16%

Russia &
Central Asia 10%
Asia/Australasia 12%

North America 16% Europe 7%

Middle East 22%

Figure 37: Related work hours for Tier 1 PSE analyses 2019 – by region, onshore

Africa 12%
South & Central America 18%

Russia &
Central Asia 3%
Asia/Australasia 31%

North America 7%

Middle East 15%

Europe 14%

Figure 38: Related work hours for Tier 1 PSE analyses 2019 – by region, offshore

38
 Tier 2 PSE per million work hours Tier 1 PSE per million work hours
– Drilling overall – Drilling overall

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14

0
0.08
0.17 0.06
0.29 0.06
0.13 0.03
0.10
0.03 0.02

0
7.1 Drilling
0.02

Africa
0.04

Africa
0.05
0.10 0.07
0.02

0.07 0.08
0.14 0.03
0.04 0.04
0.10 0.04
0.03
0.04

Asia/
0.05

Asia/
0.12

0
00000

Australasia
Australasia
0.65 0.04
0.43 0.03
0.34 0.02
0.35 0.02
0.21

0
0.24 0.09
0.39 0.09

Europe
0.21

Figure 40: Tier 2 PSE Rate – drilling overall

Figure 39: Tier 1 PSE Rate – drilling overall
Europe
0.13 0.06

0
0.02 0.06
0.03 0.03
0.06
0.11

00
0.03 0.01
0.03 0.04

East
0.01

East
0.02

Middle
0.01

Middle
0.01

39
0 0
0.31 0.13
0.29 0.08
0.70 0.09
0.40 0.07
0.09 0.05
0.30 0.02
0.24

North
0.07

North
0.16 0.04

America
0.28

America
0.09

0
0.13 0.05
0.15
00
0.06 0.03
0.03 0.06
0.08

Asia
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by region

Asia
0.09

Central
0.06

Central

Russia &
0
Russia &
0000

0.15
0.13 0.07
0.10
0.18
000

0.21 0.03
0.11 0.11
0.33 0.10
0.26

Central
America
0.08
Central

0.17
America

0.04

0.16 0.07
0.21 0.04
0.30 0.05
0.23 0.04
0.09 0.02
0.11 0.03
0.15 0.05
0.12 0.03
0.11 0.02

South & All regions

South & All regions

2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by region

2019
0.18
2018
Tier 1 PSE per million work hours

0.16

0.15
2017

0.14
0.14 2016

0.13
2015
– Drilling onshore

0.12
2014

0.10

0.10
0.10

0.09
2013

0.08
0.08
0.08

0.08 2012

0.07
0.06
0.06

0.06
0.06
0.06

0.06 2011

0.05
0.05

0.05
0.05

0.05
0.04

0.04
0.04
0.04

0.04
0.04
0.04

0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03

0.03
0.02
0.02

0.02
0 000 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 00 00 00 0000 0000
0.00
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia & South & All regions
Australasia East America Central Central
Asia America
Figure 41: Tier 1 PSE Rate – drilling onshore

2019
2018
0.24

0.36

0.18
0.17

2017
0.16
Tier 1 PSE per million work hours

0.16 2016
0.14
0.14

0.14 2015
2014
– Drilling offshore

0.12
0.11

2013
0.10
0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09

2012
0.08

0.08 2011
0.07
0.06
0.06

0.06

0.06
0.06

0.06

0.06
0.05

0.05

0.05
0.05
0.04

0.04

0.04
0.03
0.03

0.02
0.02
0.02

0.02
0.01

0 0 00000 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000 00

0.00
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia & South & All regions
Australasia East America Central Central
Asia America

Figure 42: Tier 1 PSE Rate – drilling offshore

40
 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by region

2019
1.0
2018
Tier 2 PSE per million work hours

0.9 2017
0.8 2016
0.7 2015
– Drilling onshore

0.61
2014

0.57
0.6
0.5 2013
2012

0.38

0.38
0.37

0.37
0.4

0.33
2011

0.27
0.3
0.26

0.24
0.23

0.22
0.22
0.19

0.18
0.2

0.16
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.13

0.12
0.11
0.11

0.11
0.10

0.10

0.09
0.09
0.09

0.08
0.08

0.08

0.08

0.07
0.07

0.1
0.06
0.05
0.05

0.04

0.04
0.04

0.04

0.04
0.04
0.03

0.03
0.02

0.02
0.02
0.01

000 0 0 0 00000 0 0 0000 0 00 00

0.0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia & South & All regions
Australasia East America Central Central
Asia America

Figure 43: Tier 2 PSE Rate – drilling onshore

2019
2018
1.0
2017
0.92
Tier 2 PSE per million work hours

0.9 2016
0.8
0.76

2015
0.75

0.7 2014
– Drilling offshore

0.66

2013
0.57

0.6
0.55
0.52

2012
0.48

0.5
0.43

0.42
0.42

2011
0.41
0.38
0.38

0.4
0.33
0.31

0.30

0.28
0.28
0.27

0.3
0.25

0.24
0.24
0.23

0.21
0.20
0.20

0.18
0.18

0.18

0.17
0.17

0.17
0.17
0.17

0.2
0.16
0.16

0.15
0.14

0.14
0.14

0.13

0.13
0.13
0.11

0.10

0.10
0.09
0.09

0.08
0.07

0.07
0.07

0.1
0.06
0.05
0.05

0.05
0.04

0 0 000 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia & South & All regions
Australasia East America Central Central
Asia America

Figure 44: Tier 2 PSE Rate – drilling offshore

Note: Drilling PSE Rate excludes PSE where no related drilling work hours were reported.
See Tables A.21 – A.28 (Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by region and function).

41
 Tier 2 PSE per million work hours Tier 1 PSE per million work hours
– Production overall – Production overall

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.89 0.59
0.44 0.34
0.58 0.29
0.32 0.18
0.35 0.19
0.29 0.16
0.39 0.17

Africa
Africa
0.32 0.11
0.30 0.06

0.32 0.14
0.23

7.2 Production
0.08
0.29 0.08
0.22 0.08
0.28 0.09
0.28 0.11

Asia/
Asia/
0.46 0.16
0.26 0.04
0.12 0.04

Australasia
Australasia
0.43 0.25
0.70 0.17
0.66 0.09
0.51 0.11
0.54 0.11
0.46 0.14
0.44 0.08

Europe
Europe
0.54 0.13
0.30 0.10

0.13 0.09

Figure 46: Tier 2 PSE Rate – production overall

Figure 45: Tier 1 PSE Rate – production overall
0.08 0.16
0.71 0.21
0.37 0.11
0.39 0.07
0.30 0.18

East
East
0.16 0.05

Middle
Middle
0.26 0.09
0.16 0.08

42
1.82 0.88
1.69 0.53
1.47 0.71
0.95 0.33
0.77 0.39
1.58 0.57
1.64 0.54

North
North
1.63 0.69

America
America
1.69 0.52

0.11 0.19
0.19 0.19
1.13 0.09
1.12 0.02
0.90 0.06
0.15 0.02

Asia
Asia
0.07 0.03
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by region

0.13 0.61

Central
Central

Russia &
1.03
Russia & 0.70

0.17 0.08
0.77 0.20
0.67 0.10
0.66 0.10
1.31 0.29
1.02 0.37
0.38 0.13
0.42 0.09

Central
Central

America
America

0.64 0.12

0.66 0.37
0.61 0.25
0.75 0.25
0.60 0.18
0.59 0.19
0.56 0.21
0.46 0.15
0.46 0.19
0.61 0.18

South & All regions

South & All regions

2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
 Tier 1 PSE per million work hours Tier 1 PSE per million work hours
– Production offshore – Production onshore

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.21 0.68
0.52 0.30
0.17 0.33
0.13 0.20
0.33 0.15
0.15 0.17
0.30 0.14

Africa
Africa
0.13 0.11
0.19 0.02

0.10 0.15
0.09 0.07
0.06 0.10
0.08 0.08
0.02 0.15
0.05 0.17

Asia/
Asia/
0.13 0.18
0.07 0.01
0.05 0.03

Australasia
Australasia
0.23 0.31
0.14 0.21
0.14 0.04
0.11 0.12
0.14 0.08
0.20 0.07
0.09 0.08

Europe
Europe
0.10 0.16
0.11 0.08

0
0.10
0.24 0.15

Figure 47: Tier 1 PSE Rate – production onshore

Figure 48: Tier 1 PSE Rate – production offshore

0.15 0.21

0
0.13
0.07 0.07
0.32 0.17

East
East
0.06 0.05

Middle
Middle
0.05 0.10
0.02 0.10

43
0.33 1.04
0.10 0.63
0.12 0.87
0.04 0.53
0.03 0.74
0.20 0.64
0.06 0.63

North
North
0.25 0.75

America
America
0.06 0.58

0.31
0.30
0.11
0.03
0.07
0.02

Asia
Asia
0.04
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by region

0.77

Central
Central

Russia &
Russia &

0.78

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.11 0.07
0.39
0.19

000
0.12
0.11 0.33
0.45 0.35
0.11 0.14
0.07 0.11

Central
Central

America
America

0.14 0.10

0.17 0.46
0.15 0.29
0.10 0.33
0.07 0.23
0.07 0.25
0.13 0.25
0.11 0.17
0.08 0.24
0.09 0.22

South & All regions

South & All regions
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019

2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Results by region

2019
2018

2.16
2.00
2.0 2017

1.83
1.83
1.78
1.76
Tier 2 PSE per million work hours

1.8 2016

1.62
1.6 2015

1.52

1.47
– Production onshore

2014

1.41

1.37
1.4
2013

1.21
1.2

1.13
1.09
2012

1.04
1.0
0.90

2011
0.86

0.84
0.78

0.76
0.76

0.76
0.72

0.8

0.73
0.72

0.71

0.69

0.62
0.60
0.54

0.6
0.52

0.48
0.48

0.47
0.41

0.39
0.39
0.38
0.37

0.38
0.35
0.33

0.4
0.32
0.30

0.29
0.30
0.29

0.27
0.26
0.26

0.25
0.23
0.23

0.24

0.22
0.23
0.22

0.20
0.20
0.20

0.20

0.20

0.19
0.19

0.18
0.18
0.16

0.13
0.14

0.2
0.10

0.07
0.03

0.0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia & South & All regions
Australasia East America Central Central
Asia America

Figure 49: Tier 2 PSE Rate – production onshore

2019
2018
2.0
2017
Tier 2 PSE per million work hours

1.8 2016
1.6 2015
– Production offshore

1.4 2014
1.2 2013
1.06

2012
0.93

1.0
0.90
0.86

2011
0.83

0.79
0.77
0.77

0.75

0.75
0.75
0.74

0.8
0.73

0.70
0.69

0.69

0.68
0.68

0.59
0.60
0.58

0.58
0.57

0.57
0.57

0.56

0.54

0.6
0.50

0.48

0.48
0.46

0.45

0.44
0.45
0.44

0.44

0.43

0.43
0.42
0.40

0.39
0.36
0.36

0.35
0.34

0.4
0.32

0.32
0.32
0.30
0.30

0.28
0.28
0.28
0.26

0.23
0.19

0.18
0.19

0.16
0.14
0.14

0.14

0.2
0.11

0.11
0.11
0.07
0.05

0.06
0.05

0 0 0
0.0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia & South & All regions
Australasia East America Central Central
Asia America

Figure 50: Tier 2 PSE Rate – production offshore

Note: Production PSE Rate excludes PSE where no related production work hours were reported.
See Tables A.21 – A.28 (Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by region and function).

44
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Barriers

8. Barriers

The allocation of ‘barriers’ to Tier 1 process safety events was requested for the first time as part of
the 2014 data submission.

In 2014:
• 78 of the 131 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned barriers.
• 215 barriers were assigned for the 78 Tier 1 PSE.
• Between 1 and 10 barriers were assigned per event.

In 2015:
• 155 of the 208 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned barriers.
• 411 barriers were assigned for the 155 Tier 1 PSE.
• Between 1 and 9 barriers were assigned per event.

In 2016:
• 135 of the 174 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned barriers.
• 453 barriers were assigned for the 135 Tier 1 PSE.
• Between 1 and 9 barriers were assigned per event.

In 2017:
• 129 of the 185 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned barriers.
• 416 barriers were assigned for the 129 Tier 1 PSE.
• Between 1 and 10 barriers were assigned per event.

In 2018:
• 152 of the 196 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned barriers.
• 411 barriers were assigned for the 152 Tier 1 PSE.
• Between 1 and 12 barriers were assigned per event.

In 2019:
• 181 of the 190 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned barriers.
• 443 barriers were assigned for the 181 Tier 1 PSE.
• Between 1 and 14 barriers were assigned per event.

Table 7: Barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE

Barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Tier 1 PSE: Hardware Barrier Failures 53 142 179 135 156 170

Tier 1 PSE: Human Barrier Failures 42 84 88 74 75 85

Tier 1 PSE: Management System Element Barrier Failure 120 185 186 213 180 188

45
 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Barriers

The barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE are shown below. The highlighted content indicates the top 10 barriers
assigned to Tier 1 PSE in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Table 8: Barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE

Barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Hardware Barrier Failures: Process Containment 47 76 74 86 102

Management System Element Barrier Failure: Asset design and integrity 60 56 61 64 49

Human Barrier Failures: Operating in accordance with procedures - PTW, Isolation

48 32 37 37 39
of equipment, Overrides and inhibits of safety systems, Shift handover, etc.

Management System Element Barrier Failure: Risk assessment and control 36 39 42 17 39

Hardware Barrier Failures: Structural Integrity 37 37 34 38 35

Management System Element Barrier Failure: Plans and procedures 31 34 39 35 24

Human Barrier Failures: Surveillance, operator rounds and routine inspection 17 31 20 26 22

Management System Element Barrier Failure: Policies, standards and objectives 18 6 10 21 22

Management System Element Barrier Failure: Execution of activities 24 19 29 13 22

Management System Element Barrier Failure: Organisation, resources and

7 11 7 9 13
capability

Management System Element Barrier Failure: Monitoring, reporting and learning 5 12 11 16 12

Hardware Barrier Failures: Detection Systems 16 27 12 12 11

Hardware Barrier Failures: Shutdown Systems – including operational well

15 10 9 6 9
isolation and drilling well control equipment

Human Barrier Failures: Acceptance of handover or restart of facilities or

7 7 10 5 8
equipment

Human Barrier Failures: Response to process alarm and upset conditions (e.g.,
6 11 7 5 8
outside safe envelope)

Human Barrier Failures: Response to emergencies 6 6 0 1 7

Management System Element Barrier Failure: Assurance, review and improvement 0 4 4 3 6

Hardware Barrier Failures: Emergency Response Equipment and Systems 1 7 2 5 5

Hardware Barrier Failures: Protection Systems - including deluge and fire water
21 6 4 4 5
systems

Hardware Barrier Failures: Ignition Control 4 13 0 4 3

Human Barrier Failures: Authorisation of temporary and mobile equipment 0 1 0 1 1

Management System Element Barrier Failure: Stakeholders and customers 0 1 2 0 1

Management System Element Barrier Failure: Commitment and accountability 4 4 8 2 0

Hardware Barrier Failures: Life-Saving Equipment - including evacuation systems 1 3 0 1 0

Barriers are listed in order of frequency for 2019. The top 10 barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE for each year are highlighted.

46
 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Barriers

Table 9: Barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE – by barrier group

Barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE – by barrier group 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Hardware Barrier Failures

Process Containment 47 76 74 86 102

Structural Integrity 37 37 34 38 35

Detection Systems 16 27 12 12 11

Shutdown Systems – including operational well isolation and drilling well control
15 10 9 6 9
equipment

Emergency Response Equipment and Systems 1 7 2 5 5

Protection Systems - including deluge and fire water systems 21 6 4 4 5

Ignition Control 4 13 0 4 3

Life-Saving Equipment - including evacuation systems 1 3 0 1 0

Human Barrier Failures

Operating in accordance with procedures - PTW, Isolation of equipment, Overrides

48 32 37 37 39
and inhibits of safety systems, Shift handover, etc.

Surveillance, operator rounds and routine inspection 17 31 20 26 22

Acceptance of handover or restart of facilities or equipment 7 7 10 5 8

Response to process alarm and upset conditions (e.g., outside safe envelope) 6 11 7 5 8

Response to emergencies 6 6 0 1 7

Authorisation of temporary and mobile equipment 0 1 0 1 1

Management System Element Barrier Failure

Asset design and integrity 60 56 61 64 49

Risk assessment and control 36 39 42 17 39

Plans and procedures 31 34 39 35 24

Execution of activities 24 19 29 13 22

Policies, standards and objectives 18 6 10 21 22

Organisation, resources and capability 7 11 7 9 13

Monitoring, reporting and learning 5 12 11 16 12

Assurance, review and improvement 0 4 4 3 6

Stakeholders and customers 0 1 2 0 1

Commitment and accountability 4 4 8 2 0

47
 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Barriers

Table 10: Barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE – by function

Barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE - by function 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Drilling and Completion Operations

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Risk assessment and control 4 5 2 6 6

Hardware Barrier Failures : Process Containment 4 4 2 7 4

Human Barrier Failures : Operating in accordance with procedures - PTW,

Isolation of equipment, Overrides and inhibits of safety systems, Shift handover, 5 4 7 8 3
etc.

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Plans and procedures 3 4 4 5 3

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Execution of activities 3 2 3 3 3

Hardware Barrier Failures : Structural Integrity 0 2 1 3 2

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Policies, standards and objectives 3 0 1 1 2

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Asset design and integrity 1 1 1 5 1

Hardware Barrier Failures : Shutdown Systems – including operational well isolation

0 1 1 2 1
and drilling well control equipment

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Organisation, resources and

2 1 0 2 1
capability

Hardware Barrier Failures : Detection Systems 2 0 1 0 1

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Assurance, review and improvement 0 0 1 0 1

Human Barrier Failures : Response to emergencies 1 1 0 0 1

Hardware Barrier Failures : Emergency Response Equipment and Systems 0 1 0 0 1

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Stakeholders and customers 0 0 0 0 1

Human Barrier Failures : Surveillance, operator rounds and routine inspection 1 1 0 3 0

Human Barrier Failures : Acceptance of handover or restart of facilities or

0 0 3 1 0
equipment

Hardware Barrier Failures : Protection Systems - including deluge and fire water
2 0 1 1 0
systems

Hardware Barrier Failures : Ignition Control 0 0 0 1 0

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Monitoring, reporting and learning 0 0 0 1 0

Human Barrier Failures : Authorisation of temporary and mobile equipment 0 1 0 0 0

Human Barrier Failures : Response to process alarm and upset conditions (e.g.,
2 0 0 0 0
outside

Hardware Barrier Failures : Life-Saving Equipment - including evacuation systems 1 0 0 0 0

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Commitment and accountability 1 0 0 0 0

48
 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Barriers

Barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE - by function 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Production

Hardware Barrier Failures : Process Containment 43 72 72 79 98

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Asset design and integrity 59 55 60 59 48

Human Barrier Failures : Operating in accordance with procedures - PTW,

Isolation of equipment, Overrides and inhibits of safety systems, Shift handover, 43 28 30 29 36
etc.

Hardware Barrier Failures : Structural Integrity 37 35 33 35 33

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Risk assessment and control 32 34 40 11 33

Human Barrier Failures : Surveillance, operator rounds and routine inspection 16 30 20 23 22

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Plans and procedures 28 30 35 30 21

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Policies, standards and objectives 15 6 9 20 20

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Execution of activities 21 17 26 10 19

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Monitoring, reporting and learning 5 12 11 15 12

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Organisation, resources and

5 10 7 7 12
capability

Hardware Barrier Failures : Detection Systems 14 27 11 12 10

Human Barrier Failures : Response to process alarm and upset conditions

4 11 7 5 8
(e.g. outside safe envelope)

Hardware Barrier Failures : Shutdown Systems – including operational well isolation

15 9 8 4 8
and drilling well control equipment

Human Barrier Failures : Acceptance of handover or restart of facilities or

7 7 7 4 8
equipment

Human Barrier Failures : Response to emergencies 5 5 0 1 6

Hardware Barrier Failures : Protection Systems - including deluge and fire water
19 6 3 3 5
systems

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Assurance, review and

0 4 3 3 5
improvement

Hardware Barrier Failures : Emergency Response Equipment and Systems 1 6 2 5 4

Hardware Barrier Failures : Ignition Control 4 13 0 3 3

Human Barrier Failures : Authorisation of temporary and mobile equipment 0 0 0 1 1

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Commitment and accountability 3 4 8 2 0

Hardware Barrier Failures : Life-Saving Equipment - including evacuation systems 0 3 0 1 0

Management System Element Barrier Failure : Stakeholders and customers 0 1 2 0 0

49
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Causal Factors

9. Causal Factors

9.1 Tier 1 PSE Causal Factors

Allocation of ‘causal factors’ to Tier 1 process safety events was introduced as part of the 2014 data request.

To standardise the response an IOGP list of causal factors and a glossary was provided to the member
companies as part of the IOGP User Guide. The causal factors list is divided into two sections:
• People (Acts) classifications usually involve either the actions of a person or actions which
were required but not carried out or were incorrectly performed. There are four major
categories of actions, with an additional level of detail under each of the major categories.
• Process (Conditions) classifications usually involve some type of physical hazard or
organisational aspect out of the control of the individual. There are five major classification
categories, with an additional level of detail under each of the major categories.

In 2014:
• 114 of the 131 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned causal factors
• 247 causal factors were assigned for the 114 Tier 1 PSE
• Between 1 and 11 causal factors were assigned per incident

In 2015:
• 173 of the 208 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned causal factors
• 461 causal factors were assigned for the 173 Tier 1 PSE
• Between 1 and 11 causal factors were assigned per incident

In 2016:
• 160 of the 174 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned causal factors
• 449 causal factors were assigned for the 160 Tier 1 PSE
• Between 1 and 12 causal factors were assigned per incident

In 2017:
• 148 of the 185 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned causal factors
• 391 causal factors were assigned for the 148 Tier 1 PSE
• Between 1 and 11 causal factors were assigned per incident

In 2018:
• 163 of the 196 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned causal factors
• 385 causal factors were assigned for the 163 Tier 1 PSE
• Between 1 and 13 causal factors were assigned per incident

In 2019:
• 174 of the 190 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned causal factors.
• 464 causal factors were assigned for the 174 Tier 1 PSE.
• Between 1 and 11 causal factors were assigned per incident.

50
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Causal Factors

Table 11: Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE

Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

PEOPLE (ACTS): 73 115 108 75 66 94

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): 174 346 341 316 319 370

The causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE are shown below. The highlighted content indicates the
top 10 causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE in 2019 compared with 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
6 of the top 10 were the same for all years.

Table 12: Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE

Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate
design/specification/management of change
55 42 42 42 63

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate

maintenance/inspection/testing
50 49 60 65 58

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate hazard identification or risk

assessment
41 40 47 33 46

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate/

defective tools/equipment/materials/products
32 30 39 48 44

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate work standards/procedures 37 44 30 32 40

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation unintentional (by individual or
group)
29 13 23 8 33

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate training/competence 16 20 21 15 23

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate supervision 10 15 17 11 20
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective warning
systems/safety devices
27 20 10 9 17

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate communication 15 17 9 11 15

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective guards or
protective barriers
23 26 16 20 14

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Improper decision making or

lack of judgment
30 23 16 16 12

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Storms or acts of nature 9 14 3 9 11

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Failure to warn of hazard 7 12 3 3 9
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Lack of attention/distracted by
other concerns/stress
16 7 7 10 7

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Inadequate use of safety systems 5 10 3 3 7

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Servicing of
energized equipment/inadequate energy isolation
3 2 2 4 6

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Improper use/
position of tools/equipment/materials/products
9 6 9 5 5

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Equipment or materials not secured 1 10 2 3 5

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Failure to report/learn from events 13 9 4 10 4
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/
toxic/asphyxiant)
4 3 3 4 4

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective Personal

Protective Equipment
4 4 2 1 4

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IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Causal Factors

Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation intentional (by individual or
group)
4 6 1 3 3

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Poor leadership/organisational culture 8 4 9 6 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Disabled or removed guards, warning
systems or safety devices
4 7 3 4 2

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Inadequate surfaces, floors,

walkways or roads
0 0 2 2 2

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate security provisions or

systems
2 3 0 1 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper lifting or loading 0 0 0 0 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper position (in the line of fire) 5 5 2 5 1
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Personal Protective Equipment not
used or used improperly
1 4 3 1 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Fatigue 0 2 0 1 1

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Congestion, clutter or restricted
motion
0 1 2 0 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Work or motion at improper speed 0 0 1 0 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Acts of violence 1 1 0 0 0
Causal factors are listed in order of frequency for 2019. The top 10 causal factors assigned to fatal incidents for each year are highlighted.
2015: two causal factors were equal 10th with 16 assigned incidents (11 factors are highlighted)

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 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Causal Factors

Table 13: Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE – onshore vs. offshore

Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Onshore

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequatedesign/ 50 37 29 30 49

specification/management of change

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate maintenance/ 43 37 41 52 46

inspection/testing

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate/defective tools/ 21 18 23 42 33

equipment/materials/products

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate work standards/procedures 29 30 17 23 31

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 34 31 28 19 31

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation unintentional (by individual or group) 27 13 12 4 23

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate communication 13 11 7 9 1

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate supervision 10 8 10 8 13

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate training/competence 14 12 11 10 12

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Improper decision making or lack of judgment 28 17 9 11 11

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Storms or acts of nature 9 14 1 9 11

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 24 17 5 6 10

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 22 19 11 15 8

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Failure to warn of hazard 6 8 2 3 7

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/stress 15 4 4 6 5

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Inadequate use of safety systems 5 5 2 3 5

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Failure to report/learn from events 13 6 2 6 4

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Improper use/position of tools/ 9 6 5 4 4
equipment/materials/products

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/toxic/asphyxiant) 4 3 3 4 4

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Equipment or materials not secured 1 9 2 3 4

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Servicing of energized 3 2 1 3 4
equipment/inadequate energy isolation

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation intentional (by individual or group) 4 6 1 2 3

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective Personal Protective Equipment 2 2 0 1 3

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or safety devices 3 5 2 3 2

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 0 0 1 2 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper lifting or loading 0 0 0 0 2

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Poor leadership/organisational culture 7 4 3 4 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Personal Protective Equipment not used or used improperly 1 3 1 1 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Fatigue 0 2 0 0 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper position (in the line of fire) 4 3 1 5 0

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate security provisions or systems 2 3 0 1 0

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 0 1 2 0 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Acts of violence 1 1 0 0 0

53
 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Causal Factors

Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Offshore

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 7 9 19 14 15

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate design/ 5 5 13 12 14

specification/management of change

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate maintenance/ 7 12 19 13 12

inspection/testing

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate/defective tools/ 11 12 16 6 11

equipment/materials/products

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate training/competence 2 8 10 5 11

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation unintentional (by individual or group) 2 0 11 4 10

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate work standards/procedures 8 14 13 9 9

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate supervision 0 7 7 3 7

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 3 3 5 3 7

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 1 7 5 5 6

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/ 1 3 3 4 2

stress

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate communication 2 6 2 2 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Servicing of energized 0 0 1 1 2
equipment/inadequate energy isolation

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Inadequate use of safety systems 0 5 1 0 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Failure to warn of hazard 1 4 1 0 2

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate security provisions or systems 0 0 0 0 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Improper decision making or lack of judgment 2 6 7 5 1

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Poor leadership/organisational culture 1 0 6 2 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Improper use/position of tools/ 0 0 4 1 1
equipment/materials/products

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective Personal Protective 2 2 2 0 1

Equipment

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper position (in the line of fire) 1 2 1 0 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Equipment or materials not secured 0 1 0 0 1

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 0 0 0 0 1

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Failure to report/learn from events 0 3 2 4 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or 1 2 1 1 0
safety devices

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation intentional (by individual or group) 0 0 0 1 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Fatigue 0 0 0 1 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Personal Protective Equipment not used or used 0 1 2 0 0
improperly

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Storms or acts of nature 0 0 2 0 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Work or motion at improper speed 0 0 1 0 0

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 0 0 1 0 0

54
 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Causal Factors

Table 14: Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE – by function

Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Drilling and Completion Operations

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 5 4 3 6 6

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate maintenance/
inspection/testing
1 2 2 2 4

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation unintentional (by individual or group) 4 0 2 0 4

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate work standards/procedures 3 2 6 5 3
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate design/
specification/management of change
1 1 2 5 3

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate training/competence 3 1 0 3 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Servicing of energized
equipment/inadequate energy isolation
0 0 0 1 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Failure to warn of hazard 1 1 1 0 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Improper decision making or lack of judgment 4 1 3 4 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 3 1 2 2 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/toxic/asphyxiant) 1 0 0 2 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 1 3 2 1 1
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Equipment or materials not secured 0 1 0 1 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 0 0 0 1 1
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Inadequate use of safety systems 0 1 2 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective Personal Protective Equipment 1 1 1 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate communication 2 0 1 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper lifting or loading 0 0 0 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 0 0 0 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper position (in the line of fire) 0 1 0 4 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate/defective tools/
equipment/materials/products
1 0 5 3 0

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate supervision 2 2 1 2 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/stress 1 0 1 2 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Poor leadership/organisational culture 0 0 1 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Improper use/position of tools/
equipment/materials/products
3 0 0 1 0

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Failure to report/learn from events 0 0 0 1 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Personal Protective Equipment not used or used improperly 0 0 2 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or
safety devices
0 2 1 0 0

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Storms or acts of nature 1 0 0 0 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation intentional (by individual or group) 0 0 0 0 0

55
 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Causal Factors

Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Production

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate design/

54 41 40 37 60
specification/management of change

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate maintenance/

49 47 58 63 54
inspection/testing

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate/defective tools/

31 30 34 45 44
equipment/materials/products

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 36 36 44 27 40

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate work standards/procedures 34 42 24 27 37

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation unintentional (by individual or group) 25 13 21 8 29

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate training/competence 13 19 21 12 21

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate supervision 8 13 16 9 20

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 24 19 8 7 16

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate communication 13 17 8 11 14

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 22 23 14 19 13

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Improper decision making or lack of judgment 26 22 13 12 11

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Storms or acts of nature 8 14 3 9 11

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/stress 15 7 6 8 7

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Failure to warn of hazard 6 11 2 3 7

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Inadequate use of safety systems 5 9 1 3 6

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Improper use/position of tools/
6 6 9 4 5
equipment/materials/products

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Failure to report/learn from events 13 9 4 9 4

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Servicing of energized
3 2 2 3 4
equipment/inadequate energy isolation

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Equipment or materials not secured 1 9 2 2 4

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation intentional (by individual or group) 4 6 1 3 3

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/toxic/asphyxiant) 3 3 3 2 3

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective Personal Protective Equipment 3 3 1 1 3

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Poor leadership/organisational culture 8 4 8 5 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or safety devices 4 5 2 4 2

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate security provisions or systems 2 3 0 1 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper position (in the line of fire) 5 4 2 1 1

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 0 0 2 1 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Personal Protective Equipment not used or used improperly 1 4 1 1 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Fatigue 0 2 0 1 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper lifting or loading 0 0 0 0 1

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 0 1 2 0 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Work or motion at improper speed 0 0 1 0 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Acts of violence 1 1 0 0 0

56
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Causal Factors

9.2 Fatal Incident Causal Factors

In 2014:
• 2 of the 5 fatal incidents that have been identified as ‘also Tier 1 PSE’ were assigned causal
factors
• 12 causal factors were assigned for the 2 fatal incidents
• Between 3 and 9 causal factors were assigned per incident

In 2015:
• 3 of the 4 fatal incidents that have been identified as ‘also Tier 1 PSE’ were assigned causal
factors
• 29 causal factors were assigned for the 3 fatal incidents
• Between 3 and 15 causal factors were assigned per incident

In 2016:
• 3 of the 7 fatal incidents that have been identified as ‘also Tier 1 PSE’ were assigned causal
factors
• 18 causal factors were assigned for the 3 fatal incidents
• Between 4 and 9 causal factors were assigned per incident

In 2017:
• All 3 fatal incidents that have been identified as ‘also Tier 1 PSE’ were assigned causal factors
• 7 causal factors were assigned for the 3 fatal incidents
• Between 1 and 5 causal factors were assigned per incident

In 2018:
• Two fatal incidents involving workforce fatalities have been identified as ‘also Tier 1 PSE’ and
both were assigned causal factors
• 12 causal factors were assigned for the 2 fatal incidents
• 6 causal factors were assigned per incident

In 2019:
• 1 fatal incident was identified as ‘also Tier 1 PSE’ and it was assigned causal factors
• 2 causal factors were assigned for the incident

Table 15: Causal factors assigned to fatal incidents

Causal factors assigned to fatal incidents 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

PEOPLE (ACTS): 6 5 18 6 8 12 2 5 1

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): 21 10 19 6 21 6 5 7 1

The causal factors assigned to fatal incidents in 2019 compared with the previous
8 years are shown below.

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 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Causal Factors

Table 16: Causal factors assigned to fatal incidents

Causal Factor - Fatal incidents tagged as also Tier 1 PSE 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate hazard identification or
1 1 2 0 2 0 0 2 1
risk assessment
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Equipment or materials not
1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 1
secured
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Improper decision making or
0 0 3 1 1 2 1 1 0
lack of judgment
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate supervision 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate training/competence 1 1 1 2 3 2 0 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Failure to warn of hazard 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper position (in the line of fire) 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation unintentional (by individual
1 1 3 2 3 1 0 1 0
or group)
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Servicing
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
of energised equipment/inadequate energy isolation
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products:
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
Inadequate design/specification/management of change
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Storms or acts of nature 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Failure to report/learn from events 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Inadequate use of safety systems 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products:
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Inadequate maintenance/inspection/testing
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate work standards/procedures 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective guards or
2 2 5 1 1 0 1 0 0
protective barriers
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products:
0 0 4 0 1 0 1 0 0
Inadequate/defective tools/equipment/materials/products
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective warning
0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0
systems/safety devices
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Fatigue 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Disabled or removed guards,
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
warning systems or safety devices
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation intentional (by individual or
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
group)
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Inadequate surfaces, floors,
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
walkways or roads
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective Personal
0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0
Protective Equipment
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate communication 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Lack of attention/distracted
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
by other concerns/stress
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Personal Protective Equipment
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
not used or used improperly
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Improper
1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0
use/position of tools/equipment/materials/products
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Hazardous atmosphere
2 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
(explosive/toxic/asphyxiant)
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate security provisions
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
or systems
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Poor leadership/organisational culture 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

58
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Causal Factors

Additional information on the fatal incidents reported by region can be found on the IOGP Safety
Zone website: http://safetyzone.iogp.org. The information provided includes a narrative description
of the incident, the corrective actions and recommendations and the causal factors assigned by the
reporting company.

9.3 High Potential Event Causal Factors

In 2014:
• 14 of the 19 high potential events that have been identified as ‘also PSE’ were assigned causal
factors
• 50 causal factors were assigned for the 14 high potential events
• Between 1 and 6 causal factors were assigned per event

In 2015:
• 6 of the 9 high potential events that have been identified as ‘also PSE’ were assigned causal
factors
• 16 causal factors were assigned for the 6 high potential events
• Between 1 and 5 causal factors were assigned per event

In 2016:
• All of the 11 high potential events that have been identified as ‘also PSE’ were assigned causal
factors
• 66 causal factors were assigned for the 11 high potential events
• Between 2 and 9 causal factors were assigned per event

In 2017
• 10 of the 14 high potential events that have been identified as ‘also PSE’ were assigned causal
factors
• 28 causal factors were assigned for the 14 high potential events
• Between 1 and 6 causal factors were assigned per event

In 2018
• All of the 7 high potential events that have been identified as ‘also PSE’ were assigned causal
factors
• 42 causal factors were assigned for the 7 high potential events
• Between 3 and 11 causal factors were assigned per event

In 2019
• A
ll of the 10 high potential events that have been identified as ‘also PSE’ were assigned causal
factors
• 47 causal factors were assigned for the 10 high potential events
• Between 2 and 9 causal factors were assigned per event

59
 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Causal Factors

Table 17: Causal factors assigned to high potential events

Causal factors assigned to high potential events 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

PEOPLE (ACTS): 32 26 11 9 4 21 3 9 14

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): 57 54 54 41 12 45 25 33 33

The causal factors assigned to high potential events in 2019 compared with the previous 8 years are
shown in Table 18.

Table 18: Causal factors assigned to high potential events

Causal Factors assigned to high potential events 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products:
Inadequate maintenance/inspection/testing
1 5 5 3 6 1 2 5 6

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products:

Inadequate design/specification/management of change
1 8 6 6 6 1 9 2 4

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate work standards/

procedures
0 5 6 11 7 2 6 2 4

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate training/competence 0 3 6 6 3 0 2 2 4

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products:
Inadequate/defective tools/equipment/materials/products
0 4 4 3 2 1 2 1 3

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate hazard identification or

risk assessment
1 9 7 9 6 2 6 5 2

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate communication 0 5 5 3 3 1 4 2 2

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective warning
systems/safety devices
0 7 3 3 2 2 1 2 2

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Hazardous atmosphere

(explosive/toxic/asphyxiant)
0 0 1 0 1 1 4 1 2

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Inadequate use of safety systems 0 4 0 3 1 0 1 0 2

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective guards or

protective barriers
1 3 1 2 0 0 4 2 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Improper decision making or

lack of judgment
0 4 6 1 2 1 5 1 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation unintentional (by individual

or group)
0 7 4 2 0 1 4 1 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Lack of attention/distracted

by other concerns/stress
0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Improper

use/position of tools/equipment/materials/products
0 5 4 2 0 0 3 0 1

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Failure to warn of hazard 0 1 2 1 0 0 3 0 1

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Failure to report/learn 0 1 2 1 2 0 2 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper position (in the line of fire) 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Poor leadership/organisational
culture
0 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 1

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate security provisions

or systems
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

60
 IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Causal Factors

Causal Factors assigned to high potential events 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Servicing
of energized equipment/inadequate energy isolation
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate supervision 0 4 6 2 1 1 1 1 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation intentional (by individual or
group)
0 4 0 1 2 1 2 0 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Personal Protective Equipment

not used or used improperly
0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective Personal

Protective Equipment
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Disabled or removed guards,

warning systems or safety devices
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Storms or acts of nature 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Equipment or materials not
secured
0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Fatigue 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Work or motion at improper speed 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Inadequate surfaces, floors,
walkways or roads
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper lifting or loading 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Note: In 2017, member companies were asked to submit additional high potential events for 2010-2016. In 2018 some changes were made to
causal factors assigned to 2017 high potential events. Therefore, the figures in the table above are different to those previously published

Additional information on the high potential events reported by region can be found on the IOGP
Data website https://data.iogp.org/Safety/HighPotentialEvents/. The information provided includes
a narrative description of the event, the corrective actions and recommendations and the causal
factors assigned by the reporting company.

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IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Company results

10. Company results

Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE rates are shown by company in rank order of Tier 1 PSE performance.
Company names have been replaced with a 2-letter code. A new code is assigned every year.

47 companies contributed PSE data in 2019. This is in comparison with 42 companies contributing
to the safety performance indicators database in 2018.

Data are excluded from PSE rate calculations where drilling or production work hours are not
reported for the data set. In 2019, 43 of the 47 participating companies provided related work hours
and are included in the analysis.

All of the 43 companies reported data for both Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE.

‘Overall’ refers to the rate for all companies.

3.0 Tier 1 rate

Tier 2 rate
Tier 1 overall
PSE per million work hours

2.5
Tier 2 overall

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.4
0.5
0.1

0.0
WN

DM

GW

PW
MC

PM
FW
HD

XW

MV

HG
NE

MJ
LN

QR
OQ
BS

FD

QE
CE

SQ
YU
AF
LC

FE

CT

TC
DJ

TE

AX

JP
SX

LX
AJ
TA

AT
YF

TX

TY
YY

HI
IL

JI

Figure 51: Performance ranking of participating companies – PSE rate 2019

Key Definitions
PSE Data Set
A set of data with distinct company, country and location (onshore/offshore) where PSE data
have been entered (i.e., not blank).

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IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Company results

3.0 Tier 1 rate

Tier 2 rate
Tier 1 overall
PSE per million work hours

2.5
related hours >20 million

Tier 2 overall

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.4
0.5
0.1

0.0
SX YF LX AJ AT HD CE FW MC IL OQ BS YU FE QR TX TE MJ PM

Figure 52: Performance ranking of participating companies reporting more than 20 million
work hours – PSE rate 2019

2.0
Tier 1 rate
Tier 2 rate
Tier 1 overall
PSE per million work hours
related hours <20 million

1.5 Tier 2 overall

1.0

0.5
0.3

0.1

0.0
LN DJ TA LC WN AF NE XW MV JI TY YY AX HG CT DM FD GW HI JP PW QE SQ TC

Figure 53: Performance ranking of participating companies reporting less than 20 million
work hours – PSE rate 2019

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IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix A

Appendix A: Data tables

Overall
Table A.1: Summary of data – Tier 1
Work hours Number Number Tier 1 Employee/ Third Fatality or Third Party
(thousands) of Tier 1 of Tier 1 PSE Contractor Party LWDC as Hospitalisation
PSE for PSE Rate Fatalities Fatalities consequence or Fatality as
normalised (number (number (number consequence
results* deaths) deaths) PSE) (number Tier 1 PSE)
2011
Onshore 666,600 234 267 0.35 7 0 13 0
Offshore 304,665 44 44 0.14 1 0 3 0
Overall 971,265 278 311 0.29 8 0 16 0
2012
Onshore 774,721 174 185 0.22 38 0 19 0
Offshore 42,683 54 59 0.13 1 0 5 0
Overall 1,197,404 228 244 0.19 39 0 24 0
2013
Onshore 879,809 214 247 0.24 2 0 10 2
Offshore 446,427 38 44 0.09 3 0 5 0
Overall 1,326,236 252 291 0.19 5 0 15 2
2014
Onshore 1,060,825 192 240 0.18 4 0 17 0
Offshore 578,614 35 36 0.06 3 0 2 0
Overall 1,639,439 227 276 0.14 7 0 19 0
2015
Onshore 959,741 183 220 0.19 10 0 17 0
Offshore 562,681 33 34 0.06 7 0 6 0
Overall 1,522,422 216 254 0.14 17 0 23 0
2016
Onshore 715,528 140 155 0.20 6 0 16 1
Offshore 380,825 36 37 0.09 0 0 1 0
Overall 1,096,353 176 192 0.16 6 0 17 1
2017
Onshore 967,324 139 143 0.14 1 0 10 0
Offshore 482,213 48 49 0.10 4 0 6 0
Overall 1,449,537 187 192 0.13 5 0 16 0
2018
Onshore 1,036,669 208 226 0.20 4 0 9 0
Offshore 458,296 30 30 0.07 0 1 0 1
Overall 1,494,965 238 256 0.17 4 1 9 1
2019
Onshore 1,151,997 208 223 0.18 1 0 7 1
Offshore 560,004 37 37 0.07 0 0 3 0
Overall 1,712,001 245 260 0.14 1 0 10 1
*Excludes PSE where no related drilling or production work hours were reported

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Table A.2: Summary of data – Tier 2

Work hours Number of Number of Tier 2 PSE Rate Recordable Injury
(thousands) Tier 2 PSE for Tier 2 PSE as consequence
normalised (number Tier 2
results* PSE)
2011
Onshore 623,057 358 376 0.57 13
Offshore 289,767 117 120 0.40 2
Overall 912,824 475 496 0.52 15
2012
Onshore 737,627 416 469 0.56 15
Offshore 422,683 166 168 0.39 5
Overall 1,160,310 582 637 0.50 20
2013
Onshore 864,392 580 666 0.67 15
Offshore 446,440 223 246 0.50 10
Overall 1,310,832 803 912 0.61 25
2014
Onshore 1,008,833 632 710 0.63 11
Offshore 622,493 176 182 0.28 1
Overall 1,631,326 808 892 0.50 12
2015
Onshore 1,057,082 540 630 0.51 12
Offshore 530,627 160 165 0.30 2
Overall 1,587,709 700 795 0.44 14
2016
Onshore 698,509 327 440 0.47 7
Offshore 316,095 117 275 0.38 1
Overall 1,014,604 444 715 0.44 8
2017
Onshore 963,467 376 434 0.39 4
Offshore 479,994 182 183 0.38 2
Overall 1,443,461 558 617 0.39 6
2018
Onshore 991,925 401 446 0.40 7
Offshore 447,719 154 161 0.34 2
Overall 1,439,644 555 607 0.39 9
2019
Onshore 1,165,376 601 664 0.52 4
Offshore 558,639 128 131 0.23 4
Overall 1,724,015 729 795 0.42 8
*Excludes PSE where no related drilling or production work hours were reported

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Table A.3: Number of PSE and PSE Rate onshore and offshore

Number of PSE for PSE Rate

Number of PSE
normalised results* (PSE per million work hours)*

Location Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2

2011 Onshore 267 376 234 358 0.35 0.57

Offshore 44 120 44 117 0.14 0.40

2012 Onshore 185 469 174 416 0.22 0.56

Offshore 59 168 54 166 0.13 0.39

2013 Onshore 247 666 214 580 0.24 0.67

Offshore 44 246 38 223 0.09 0.50

2014 Onshore 240 710 192 632 0.18 0.63

Offshore 36 182 35 176 0.06 0.28

2015 Onshore 220 630 183 540 0.19 0.51

Offshore 34 165 33 160 0.06 0.30

2016 Onshore 155 440 140 327 0.20 0.47

Offshore 37 275 36 117 0.09 0.37

2017 Onshore 143 434 139 376 0.14 0.39

Offshore 49 183 48 182 0.10 0.38

2018 Onshore 226 446 208 401 0.20 0.40

Offshore 30 161 30 154 0.07 0.34

2019 Onshore 224 664 208 601 0.18 0.52

Offshore 37 131 37 128 0.07 0.23

*Excludes PSE where work hours were not categorized as drilling or production (i.e., work hours were not specified by function)
For related work hours for normalised results, see Table A.4 (Scope – onshore and offshore).

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Table A.4: Scope – onshore and offshore

Number of data sets Work hours for PSE data

Number of companies Related work hours
where PSE data as percentage of total
reporting PSE (millions)
reported IOGP safety *

Location Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2

2011 Onshore 26 20 218 181 667 623 52 49

Offshore 23 18 104 89 305 290 53 50

2012 Onshore 31 28 296 294 775 738 64 61

Offshore 29 28 132 132 423 423 63 63

2013 Onshore 39 38 248 246 880 864 75 73

Offshore 33 33 130 129 446 446 62 62

2014 Onshore 44 42 404 388 1,061 1,009 75 71

Offshore 41 37 167 159 579 622 63 68

2015 Onshore 43 44 431 430 960 1057 80 88

Offshore 42 41 158 156 563 531 85 80

2016 Onshore 39 39 360 353 716 699 81 79

Offshore 37 38 127 128 381 316 67 56

2017 Onshore 43 43 350 357 967 963 92 92

Offshore 41 40 157 156 482 480 378 86

2018 Onshore 42 41 374 365 1,037 992 92 88

Offshore 41 38 174 168 458 448 86 84

2019 Onshore 47 47 359 358 1,152 1,165 98 99

Offshore 44 44 149 149 560 559 99 99

*Work hours for PSE data as percentage of total drilling + production work hours in entire IOGP safety database (complete reporting of PSE
data would return 100%)
Not all of the companies that submitted drilling and production work hours within the IOGP safety performance database submitted process
safety event data. A number less than 100% in the table below indicates that process safety events are not reported for all drilling and
production work hours in the entire safety database.
PSE Data Set: A set of data with distinct company, country and location (onshore/offshore) where PSE data have been entered (i.e., not blank).

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By work function
Table A.5: Total number of PSE and PSE Rate – drilling

Number of drilling PSE for PSE Rate (PSE per million

Number of drilling PSE
normalised results* work hours)* - drilling

Location Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2

2011 Onshore 12 18 10 18 0.05 0.10

Offshore 8 27 8 24 0.09 0.28

Overall 20 45 18 42 0.07 0.16

2012 Onshore 6 34 6 32 0.03 0.16

Offshore 11 37 9 37 0.07 0.28

Overall 17 71 15 69 0.04 0.21

2013 Onshore 9 61 9 54 0.04 0.22

Offshore 11 69 10 67 0.06 0.42

Overall 20 130 19 121 0.05 0.30

2014 Onshore 10 68 10 65 0.04 0.24

Offshore 9 45 9 44 0.05 0.21

Overall 19 113 19 109 0.04 0.23

2015 Onshore 9 23 7 21 0.03 0.07

Offshore 3 24 3 22 0.02 0.13

Overall 12 47 10 43 0.02 0.09

2016 Onshore 7 15 7 13 0.04 0.08

Offshore 3 19 3 17 0.02 0.16

Overall 10 34 10 30 0.03 0.11

2017 Onshore 8 20 8 20 0.04 0.09

Offshore 8 31 8 30 0.06 0.24

Overall 16 51 16 50 0.05 0.15

2018 Onshore 11 22 9 21 0.05 0.11

Offshore 2 16 2 15 0.02 0.13

Overall 13 38 11 36 0.03 0.12

2019 Onshore 9 30 8 29 0.03 0.12

Offshore 1 12 1 12 0.01 0.08

Overall 10 42 9 41 0.02 0.11

*Excludes PSE where related drilling work hours were not reported For related work hours for normalised results see Scope table below

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Table A.6: Scope – drilling

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Companies reporting PSE data – drilling

Companies reporting Tier 1 PSE data 25 30 37 42 42 39 40 41 46

Companies reporting Tier 1 PSE data Onshore 25 29 37 41 42 38 40 41 46

Companies reporting Tier 1 PSE data Offshore 23 29 33 39 40 36 38 40 44

Companies reporting Tier 2 PSE data 20 28 35 39 43 39 40 39 46

Companies reporting Tier 2 PSE data Onshore 20 27 35 38 43 38 40 39 46

Companies reporting Tier 2 PSE data Offshore 18 28 32 36 41 38 37 38 44

Related work hours (millions)* – drilling

Hours with related Tier 1 PSE data 269 335 410 465 418 304 341 318 378

Onshore hours with related Tier 1 PSE data 182 205 250 276 258 177 214 197 229

Offshore hours with related Tier 1 PSE data 88 131 161 189 160 127 127 121 149

Hours with related Tier 2 PSE data 261 325 400 472 476 281 339 309 387

Onshore hours with related Tier 2 PSE data 176 195 240 267 301 172 212 193 240

Offshore hours with related Tier 2 PSE data 85 131 160 206 174 109 127 116 148

Data sets – drilling

Data sets where Tier 1 PSE reported 286 415 324 546 561 451 485 535 470

Onshore data sets where Tier 1 PSE reported 189 285 206 387 406 328 335 367 327

Offshore data sets where Tier 1 PSE reported 97 130 118 159 155 123 150 168 143

Data sets where Tier 2 PSE reported 238 412 328 524 559 443 495 520 466

Onshore data sets where Tier 2 PSE reported 155 282 208 369 406 321 346 359 323

Offshore data sets where Tier 2 PSE reported 83 130 120 155 153 122 149 161 143

* Related work hours have not been provided for all reported PSE

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Table A.7: Total number of PSE and PSE Rate – production

Number of drilling PSE for PSE Rate (PSE per million

Number of drilling PSE
normalised results* work hours)* - drilling

Location Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2

2011 Onshore 255 358 224 340 0.46 0.76

Offshore 36 93 36 93 0.17 0.45

Overall 291 451 260 433 0.37 0.66

2012 Onshore 179 435 168 384 0.29 0.71

Offshore 48 131 45 129 0.15 0.44

Overall 227 566 213 513 0.25 0.61

2013 Onshore 238 605 205 526 0.33 0.84

Offshore 33 177 28 156 0.10 0.54

Overall 271 782 233 682 0.25 0.75

2014 Onshore 230 642 182 567 0.23 0.76

Offshore 27 137 26 132 0.07 0.32

Overall 257 779 208 699 0.18 0.60

2015 Onshore 211 607 176 519 0.25 0.69

Offshore 31 141 30 138 0.07 0.39

Overall 242 748 206 657 0.19 0.59

2016 Onshore 148 425 133 314 0.25 0.60

Offshore 34 256 33 100 0.13 0.48

Overall 182 681 166 414 0.21 0.56

2017 Onshore 135 414 131 356 0.17 0.47

Offshore 41 152 40 152 0.11 0.43

Overall 176 566 171 508 0.15 0.46

2018 Onshore 215 424 199 380 0.24 0.48

Offshore 28 145 28 139 0.08 0.42

Overall 243 569 227 519 0.19 0.46

2019 Onshore 214 634 200 572 0.22 0.62

Offshore 36 119 36 116 0.09 0.28

Overall 250 753 236 688 0.18 0.51

*Excludes PSE where related production work hours were not reported.
For related work hours for normalised results see Table A.8 (Scope – production).

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Table A.8: Scope – production

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Companies reporting PSE data – Production

Companies reporting Tier 1 PSE data 24 32 37 44 44 39 43 42 47

Companies reporting Tier 1 PSE data Onshore 24 31 37 44 43 39 43 42 47

Companies reporting Tier 1 PSE data Offshore 20 29 30 41 42 37 41 40 44

Companies reporting Tier 2 PSE data 18 29 36 42 44 39 43 41 47

Companies reporting Tier 2 PSE data Onshore 18 28 36 42 44 39 43 41 47

Companies reporting Tier 2 PSE data Offshore 15 28 30 37 41 38 40 37 44

Related work hours (millions)* – Production

Work hours with related Tier 1 PSE data 702 862 916 1,174 1,104 792 1,108 1,177 1,334

Onshore hours with related Tier 1 PSE data 485 570 630 785 701 539 754 840 923

Offshore hours with related Tier 1 PSE data 217 292 286 390 403 253 355 338 411

Hours with related Tier 2 PSE data 652 835 911 1,159 1,112 734 1,105 1,131 1,337

Onshore hours with related Tier 2 PSE data 447 543 624 742 756 527 752 799 926

Offshore hours with related Tier 2 PSE data 205 292 286 417 356 208 353 331 411

Data sets – Production

Data sets where Tier 1 PSE reported 291 414 323 548 577 473 504 546 493

Onshore data sets where Tier 1 PSE reported 198 288 212 394 425 353 350 373 350

Offshore Data sets where Tier 1 PSE reported 93 126 111 154 152 120 154 173 143

Data sets where Tier 2 PSE reported 242 413 323 525 575 455 510 530 483

Onshore Data sets where Tier 2 PSE reported 164 287 211 378 425 339 357 364 345

Offshore Data sets where Tier 2 PSE reported 78 126 112 147 150 116 153 166 138

* Related work hours were not provided for all reported PSE.

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By activity
Table A.9: Number of production PSE by activity
Normal Operations Start Up Shut Down Other Unspecified
Tier 1 – Number of PSE
2011 200 13 6 6 66
2012 159 10 3 4 51
2013 165 6 2 10 88
2014 181 18 5 8 45
2015 164 11 5 29 33
2016 101 10 12 22 37
2017 119 8 7 28 14
2018 181 10 4 24 24
2019 131 8 1 7 103
Tier 2 – Number of PSE
2011 329 14 12 12 84
2012 398 15 12 6 135
2013 459 11 4 30 278
2014 556 19 12 31 161
2015 556 34 11 67 80
2016 349 18 6 60 248
2017 423 11 10 48 74
2018 447 11 7 62 42
2019 425 14 4 16 294

By consequence
Table A.10: Consequences assigned to PSE – Tier 1
Third Party
Fatality or Community Fire or PRD Material
Year Hospitalisation
LWDC Evacuation Explosion Discharges Release
or Fatality
Number of consequences assigned to Tier 1 PSE
2011 16 0 4 28 8 270
2012 24 0 2 34 32 180
2013 15 2 7 28 24 230
2014 19 0 10 29 13 217
2015 23 0 1 27 13 195
2016 17 1 2 25 16 144
2017 16 0 2 14 8 151
2018 9 1 2 15 5 221
2019 10 1 1 15 15 224
Note: More than one consequence can be assigned to each PSE.

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Table A.11: Consequences assigned to PSE – Tier 2

Year Recordable Injury Fire or Explosion PRD Discharges Material Release

Number of consequences assigned to Tier 2 PSE

2011 15 19 13 459

2012 20 30 49 545

2013 25 21 44 813

2014 12 37 44 797

2015 14 49 35 660

2016 8 53 19 635

2017 6 48 17 534

2018 9 56 14 497

2019 8 64 78 645

Note: More than one consequence can be assigned to each PSE.

Table A.12: Number of fatalities

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Number of fatalities

Number of Employee/Contractor Fatalities 8 39 5 7 17 6 5 4 1

Number of Third Party Fatalities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Table A.13: PSE by consequence – scope

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Percentage of total reported PSE where information on consequence was

provided

Tier 1 100% 100% 98% 99% 98% 99% 98% 98% 99%

Tier 2 100% 100% 96% 97% 95% 99% 98% 93% 99%

Number of Companies reporting PSE data – by consequence

Tier 1 15 26 24 28 29 22 26 28 27

Tier 2 13 23 28 33 32 26 28 32 34

Number of related work hours (millions) where PSE reported by consequence

Tier 1 473 640 613 811 660 510 866 794 813

Tier 2 537 736 805 1,064 846 569 915 830 1,069

Number of data sets where PSE reported by consequence

Tier 1 58 76 63 68 63 61 71 59 63

Tier 2 69 103 109 125 118 93 105 88 107

Note 1: Consequence is only specified where 1 or more PSE are reported.

Note 2: Related work hours were not provided for all reported PSE.

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By material released
Table A.14: Number of PSE by material released
Toxics Flammable gas Hazardous liquid Other gases or liquids Unspecified
Tier 1 – Number of PSE
2011 11 77 146 6 71
2012 12 62 77 23 70
2013 11 72 128 16 64
2014 5 88 112 19 51
2015 9 91 107 10 33
2016 5 63 76 8 39
2017 9 70 80 7 22
2018 3 54 158 9 32
2019 5 66 89 7 93
Tier 2 – Number of PSE
2011 19 98 262 16 101
2012 9 201 205 29 193
2013 31 203 418 70 190
2014 13 281 368 76 151
2015 12 237 396 54 89
2016 11 169 230 48 256
2017 20 175 246 78 100
2018 9 156 322 77 43
2019 5 169 296 56 269

Table A.15: PSE by material released – scope

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Companies reporting PSE data – by material released

Companies reporting Tier 1 PSE
10 19 20 25 25 20 22 26 24
by material released
Companies reporting Tier 2 PSE
11 18 23 31 31 24 26 31 28
by material released
Related work hours (millions) where PSE reported by material released
Work hours where Tier 1 PSE
306 443 444 488 503 462 789 713 716
reported by material released
Work hours where Tier 2 PSE
409 490 584 734 808 534 841 810 934
reported by material released
Data sets – by material released
Data sets where Tier 1 PSE
45 56 53 60 58 52 64 52 56
reported by material released
Data sets where Tier 2 PSE
54 74 91 120 113 88 100 87 90
reported by material released
Note 1: Material released is only specified where 1 or more PSE are reported.
Note 2: Related work hours have not been provided for all reported PSE.

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By region
Table A.16: Number of PSE

Asia/ North Russia & Central South & Central

Africa Europe Middle East
Australasia America Asia America

Number of PSE
2011 Tier 1 93 24 31 24 125 11 3
Tier 2 141 45 59 23 210 7 11
2012 Tier 1 60 20 26 21 100 12 5
Tier 2 83 63 117 20 322 15 17
2013 Tier 1 56 24 14 26 162 7 2
Tier 2 131 76 108 94 389 94 20
2014 Tier 1 34 21 20 19 173 3 6
Tier 2 57 69 88 59 480 101 38
2015 Tier 1 29 21 15 13 152 7 17
Tier 2 56 56 87 70 366 81 79
2016 Tier 1 19 24 19 28 83 1 18
Tier 2 37 241 64 74 232 21 46
2017 Tier 1 32 25 13 15 72 3 32
Tier 2 70 81 63 41 256 11 95
2018 Tier 1 26 8 15 26 101 58 22
Tier 2 68 56 58 74 242 11 98
2019 Tier 1 15 12 12 20 96 75 30
Tier 2 73 34 41 42 326 116 163
Number of PSE for normalised results*
2011 Tier 1 92 23 29 13 108 10 3
Tier 2 141 40 59 15 209 5 6
2012 Tier 1 59 18 25 21 89 12 4
Tier 2 81 57 116 8 288 15 17
2013 Tier 1 51 22 14 26 130 7 2
Tier 2 113 68 105 90 317 94 16
2014 Tier 1 33 20 19 15 131 3 6
Tier 2 57 63 88 52 409 101 38
2015 Tier 1 28 20 15 13 116 7 17
Tier 2 55 49 85 69 283 81 78
2016 Tier 1 19 22 19 27 70 1 18
Tier 2 35 42 63 42 206 10 46
2017 Tier 1 32 25 12 15 68 3 32
Tier 2 69 75 61 41 208 9 95
2018 Tier 1 26 7 15 26 85 57 22
Tier 2 65 48 58 74 204 9 97
2019 Tier 1 14 10 12 20 84 75 30
Tier 2 71 30 41 42 272 111 162

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Table A.17: PSE Rate

Asia/ North Russia & Central South & Central

Africa Europe Middle East
Australasia America Asia America

PSE per million work hours*

2011 Tier 1 0.48 0.12 0.21 0.08 0.64 0.14 0.08

Tier 2 0.73 0.23 0.47 0.09 1.32 0.07 0.16

2012 Tier 1 0.27 0.07 0.14 0.13 0.35 0.14 0.11

Tier 2 0.38 0.21 0.64 0.07 1.14 0.18 0.48

2013 Tier 1 0.22 0.07 0.07 0.15 0.47 0.07 0.05

Tier 2 0.49 0.21 0.59 0.51 1.16 1.00 0.39

2014 Tier 1 0.14 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.25 0.03 0.07

Tier 2 0.27 0.18 0.47 0.31 0.78 0.84 0.49

2015 Tier 1 0.14 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.29 0.06 0.20

Tier 2 0.28 0.21 0.46 0.29 0.53 0.67 0.94

2016 Tier 1 0.12 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.42 0.01 0.29

Tier 2 0.23 0.22 0.41 0.19 1.24 0.14 0.75

2017 Tier 1 0.15 0.13 0.08 0.04 0.38 0.03 0.12

Tier 2 0.32 0.38 0.43 0.12 1.16 0.08 0.37

2018 Tier 1 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.07 0.48 0.52 0.09

Tier 2 0.28 0.23 0.45 0.20 1.16 0.12 0.39

2019 Tier 1 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.06 0.38 0.59 0.10

Tier 2 0.27 0.10 0.26 0.12 1.24 0.88 0.54

*Excludes PSE where no related drilling work hours were reported. See Tables A 21 – A 25 (Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by
region and function).

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Table A.18: Number of related work hours

Russia & South &

Asia/ Middle North
Africa Europe Central Central Overall
Australasia East America
Asia America

Number of work hours (000’s) used in normalised analysis

2011 Tier 1 193,485 196,715 135,220 168,930 169,761 69,206 37,948 971,265

Tier 2 192,637 171,965 125,534 160,583 157,850 66,769 37,486 912,824

2012 Tier 1 215,383 262,770 181,799 162,372 253,988 85,633 35,459 1,197,404

Tier 2 215,383 274,320 181,799 116,090 251,626 85,633 35,459 1,160,310

2013 Tier 1 229,918 316,861 190,335 175,885 277,489 94,464 41,284 1,326,236

Tier 2 229,918 320,099 177,205 174,842 273,475 94,338 40,955 1,310,832

2014 Tier 1 236,275 291,065 208,461 172,950 521,335 119,704 89,649 1,639,439

Tier 2 213,756 345,322 186,567 166,673 521,335 119,704 77,969 1,631,326

2015 Tier 1 193,327 306,097 184,785 240,688 393,785 120,371 83,369 1,522,422

Tier 2 193,327 235,369 186,483 238,979 529,811 120,371 83,369 1,587,709

2016 Tier 1 155,553 271,552 152,320 218,137 165,683 71,254 61,854 1,096,353

Tier 2 155,553 190,350 152,320 218,137 165,683 71,254 61,307 1,014,604

2017 Tier 1 217,765 197,636 142,314 337,908 179,417 116,348 258,149 1,449,537

Tier 2 217,765 195,285 142,314 334,183 179,417 116,348 258,149 1,443,461

2018 Tier 1 242,448 207,795 136,603 368,292 77,301 108,877 253,649 1,494,965

Tier 2 234,808 206,583 128,812 368,292 176,014 75,500 249,635 1,439,644

2019 Tier 1 263,090 314,203 158,772 341,054 219,433 126,064 289,385 1,712,001

Tier 2 263,666 315,363 158,360 341,054 219,401 126,445 299,726 1,724,015

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Table A.19: Number of PSE – drilling

Russia & South &

Asia/ Middle North
Africa Europe Central Central Overall
Australasia East America
Asia America
Drilling - Number of PSE
2011 Tier 1 0 5 1 3 9 1 1 20
Tier 2 3 6 16 1 16 0 3 45
2012 Tier 1 4 3 1 1 8 0 0 17
Tier 2 9 9 17 2 29 3 2 71
2013 Tier 1 4 5 1 0 10 0 0 20
Tier 2 22 4 15 5 80 2 2 130
2014 Tier 1 2 4 1 0 11 1 0 19
Tier 2 8 12 15 5 66 2 5 113
2015 Tier 1 1 1 0 1 6 2 1 12
Tier 2 6 3 10 3 18 1 6 47
2016 Tier 1 0 0 3 4 1 0 2 10
Tier 2 3 2 8 3 15 1 2 34
2017 Tier 1 2 0 3 2 4 0 5 16
Tier 2 2 2 13 1 15 2 16 51
2018 Tier 1 3 0 2 0 3 1 4 13
Tier 2 3 4 7 1 9 1 12 38
2019 Tier 1 1 0 0 0 7 0 2 10
Tier 2 4 0 5 1 21 0 11 42
Drilling - Number of PSE for normalised results*
2011 Tier 1 0 5 1 3 7 1 1 18
Tier 2 3 4 16 1 16 0 2 42
2012 Tier 1 3 2 1 1 8 0 0 15
Tier 2 9 9 17 1 28 3 2 69
2013 Tier 1 4 4 1 0 10 0 0 19
Tier 2 20 4 13 3 77 2 2 121
2014 Tier 1 2 4 1 0 11 1 0 19
Tier 2 8 12 15 4 63 2 5 109
2015 Tier 1 1 0 0 1 5 2 1 10
Tier 2 5 2 10 2 17 1 6 43
2016 Tier 1 0 0 3 4 1 0 2 10
Tier 2 1 2 8 3 13 1 2 30
2017 Tier 1 2 0 3 2 4 0 5 16
Tier 2 1 2 13 1 15 2 16 50
2018 Tier 1 3 0 2 0 2 0 4 11
Tier 2 2 4 7 1 9 1 12 36
2019 Tier 1 1 0 0 0 6 0 2 9
Tier 2 4 0 5 1 20 0 11 41
*Excludes PSE where no related drilling work hours were reported. See Tables A 21 – A 25 (Number of PSE used in normalised analysis –
by region and function).

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Table A.20: Number of PSE – production

Russia & South &

Asia/ Middle North
Africa Europe Central Central Overall
Australasia East America
Asia America
Drilling - Number of PSE
2011 Tier 1 93 19 30 21 116 10 2 291
Tier 2 138 39 43 22 194 7 8 451
2012 Tier 1 56 17 25 20 92 12 5 227
Tier 2 74 54 100 18 293 12 15 566
2013 Tier 1 52 19 13 26 152 7 2 271
Tier 2 109 72 93 89 309 92 18 782
2014 Tier 1 32 17 19 19 162 2 6 257
Tier 2 49 57 73 54 414 99 33 779
2015 Tier 1 28 20 15 12 146 5 16 242
Tier 2 50 53 77 67 348 80 73 748
2016 Tier 1 19 24 16 24 82 1 16 182
Tier 2 34 239 56 71 217 20 44 681
2017 Tier 1 30 25 10 13 68 3 27 176
Tier 2 68 79 50 40 241 9 79 566
2018 Tier 1 23 8 13 26 98 57 18 243
Tier 2 65 52 51 73 232 10 86 569
2019 Tier 1 14 12 12 20 89 75 28 250
Tier 2 69 34 36 41 305 116 152 753
Drilling - Number of PSE for normalised results*
2011 Tier 1 92 18 28 10 101 9 2 260
Tier 2 138 36 43 14 193 5 4 433
2012 Tier 1 56 16 24 20 81 12 4 213
Tier 2 72 48 99 7 260 12 15 513
2013 Tier 1 47 18 13 26 120 7 2 233
Tier 2 93 64 92 87 240 92 14 682
2014 Tier 1 31 16 18 15 120 2 6 208
Tier 2 49 51 73 48 346 99 33 699
2015 Tier 1 27 20 15 12 111 5 16 206
Tier 2 50 47 75 67 266 80 72 657
2016 Tier 1 19 22 16 23 69 1 16 166
Tier 2 34 40 55 39 193 9 44 414
2017 Tier 1 30 25 9 13 64 3 27 171
Tier 2 68 73 48 40 193 7 79 508
2018 Tier 1 23 7 13 26 83 57 18 227
Tier 2 63 44 51 73 195 8 85 519
2019 Tier 1 13 10 12 20 78 75 28 236
Tier 2 67 30 36 41 252 111 151 688
*Excludes PSE where no related production work hours were reported. See Tables A 21 – A 25 (Number of PSE used in normalised analysis –
by region and function)

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Tables A.21–A.29 show the number of PSE for which there were related drilling or production work
hours in the main safety database, i.e., those that were included in the calculation of PSE per
million work hours in this report.

Table A.21: Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2011
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 0 0 0 1 2 3

Production 86 6 92 114 24 138

Overall 86 6 92 115 26 141

Asia/Australasia Drilling 1 4 5 2 2 4

Production 14 4 18 10 26 36

Overall 15 8 23 12 28 40

Europe Drilling 0 1 1 0 16 16

Production 11 17 28 16 27 43

Overall 11 18 29 16 43 59

Middle East Drilling 3 0 3 0 1 1

Production 10 0 10 14 0 14

Overall 13 0 13 14 1 15

North America Drilling 5 2 7 13 3 16

Production 93 8 101 179 14 193

Overall 98 10 108 192 17 209

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 1 0 1 0 0 0

Production 9 0 9 5 0 5

Overall 10 0 10 5 0 5

South & Central America Drilling 0 1 1 2 0 2

Production 1 1 2 2 2 4

Overall 1 2 3 4 2 6

Overall Drilling 10 8 18 18 24 42

Production 224 36 260 340 93 433

Overall 234 44 278 358 117 475

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Table A.22: Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2012
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 2 1 3 3 6 9

Production 38 18 56 42 30 72

Overall 40 19 59 45 36 81

Asia/Australasia Drilling 0 2 2 3 6 9

Production 7 9 16 22 26 48

Overall 7 11 18 25 32 57

Europe Drilling 0 1 1 1 16 17

Production 13 11 24 54 45 99

Overall 13 12 25 55 61 116

Middle East Drilling 1 0 1 0 1 1

Production 16 4 20 2 5 7

Overall 17 4 21 2 6 8

North America Drilling 3 5 8 25 3 28

Production 78 3 81 247 13 260

Overall 81 8 89 272 16 288

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 0 0 0 0 3 3

Production 12 0 12 9 3 12

Overall 12 0 12 9 6 15

South & Central America Drilling 0 0 0 0 2 2

Production 4 0 4 8 7 15

Overall 4 0 4 8 9 17

Overall Drilling 6 9 15 32 37 69

Production 168 45 213 384 129 513

Overall 174 54 228 416 166 582

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Table A.23: Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2013
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 1 3 4 9 11 20

Production 41 6 47 65 28 93

Overall 42 9 51 74 39 113

Asia/Australasia Drilling 0 4 4 0 4 4

Production 11 7 18 33 31 64

Overall 11 11 22 33 35 68

Europe Drilling 1 0 1 1 12 13

Production 3 10 13 38 54 92

Overall 4 10 14 39 66 105

Middle East Drilling 0 0 0 3 0 3

Production 25 1 26 83 4 87

Overall 25 1 26 86 4 90

North America Drilling 7 3 10 41 36 77

Production 116 4 120 208 32 240

Overall 123 7 130 249 68 317

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 0 0 0 0 2 2

Production 7 0 7 91 1 92

Overall 7 0 7 91 3 94

South & Central America Drilling 0 0 0 0 2 2

Production 2 0 2 8 6 14

Overall 2 0 2 8 8 16

Overall Drilling 9 10 19 54 67 121

Production 205 28 233 526 156 682

Overall 214 38 252 580 223 803

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Table A.24: Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2014
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 1 1 2 0 8 8

Production 25 6 31 23 26 49

Overall 26 7 33 23 34 57

Asia/Australasia Drilling 2 2 4 2 10 12

Production 11 5 16 31 20 51

Overall 13 7 20 33 30 63

Europe Drilling 1 0 1 2 13 15

Production 9 9 18 19 54 73

Overall 10 9 19 21 67 88

Middle East Drilling 0 0 0 4 0 4

Production 15 0 15 42 6 48

Overall 15 0 15 46 6 52

North America Drilling 5 6 11 53 10 63

Production 114 6 120 329 17 346

Overall 119 12 131 382 27 409

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 1 0 1 0 2 2

Production 2 0 2 95 4 99

Overall 3 0 3 95 6 101

South & Central America Drilling 0 0 0 4 1 5

Production 6 0 6 28 5 33

Overall 6 0 6 32 6 38

Overall Drilling 10 9 19 65 44 109

Production 182 26 208 567 132 699

Overall 192 35 227 632 176 808

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IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix A

Table A.25: Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2015
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 0 1 1 0 5 5

Production 16 11 27 24 26 50

Overall 16 12 28 24 31 55

Asia/Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 1 1 2

Production 18 2 20 29 18 47

Overall 18 2 20 30 19 49

Europe Drilling 0 0 0 0 10 10

Production 5 10 15 21 54 75

Overall 5 10 15 21 64 85

Middle East Drilling 1 0 1 2 0 2

Production 10 2 12 59 8 67

Overall 11 2 13 61 8 69

North America Drilling 3 2 5 12 5 17

Production 107 4 111 247 19 266

Overall 110 6 116 259 24 283

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 2 0 2 1 0 1

Production 5 0 5 77 3 80

Overall 7 0 7 78 3 81

South & Central America Drilling 1 0 1 5 1 6

Production 15 1 16 62 10 72

Overall 16 1 17 67 11 78

Overall Drilling 7 3 10 21 22 43

Production 176 30 206 519 138 657

Overall 183 33 216 540 160 700

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Table A.26: Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2016
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 0 0 0 0 1 1

Production 14 5 19 19 15 34

Overall 14 5 19 19 16 35

Asia/Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 1 1 2

Production 17 5 22 23 17 40

Overall 17 5 22 24 18 42

Europe Drilling 0 3 3 0 8 8

Production 4 12 16 11 44 55

Overall 4 15 19 11 52 63

Middle East Drilling 4 0 4 2 1 3

Production 20 3 23 36 3 39

Overall 24 3 27 38 4 42

North America Drilling 1 0 1 8 5 13

Production 65 4 69 181 12 193

Overall 66 4 70 189 17 206

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 0 0 0 0 1 1

Production 1 0 1 8 1 9

Overall 1 0 1 8 2 10

South & Central America Drilling 2 0 2 2 0 2

Production 12 4 16 36 8 44

Overall 14 4 18 38 8 46

Overall Drilling 7 3 10 13 17 30

Production 133 33 166 314 100 414

Overall 140 36 176 327 117 444

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Table A.27: Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2017
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 0 2 2 1 0 1

Production 20 10 30 49 19 68

Overall 20 12 32 50 19 69

Asia/Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 1 1 2

Production 15 10 25 22 51 73

Overall 15 10 25 23 52 75

Europe Drilling 0 3 3 0 13 13

Production 3 5 8 19 29 48

Overall 3 8 11 19 42 61

Middle East Drilling 2 0 2 1 0 1

Production 10 3 13 34 6 40

Overall 12 3 15 35 6 41

North America Drilling 4 0 4 12 3 15

Production 63 1 64 183 10 193

Overall 67 1 68 195 13 208

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 0 0 0 1 1 2

Production 3 0 3 5 2 7

Overall 3 0 3 6 3 9

South & Central America Drilling 2 3 5 4 12 16

Production 16 11 27 44 35 79

Overall 18 14 32 48 47 95

Overall Drilling 8 8 16 20 30 50

Production 131 40 171 356 152 508

Overall 139 48 187 376 182 558

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Table A.28: Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2018
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 2 1 3 1 1 2

Production 18 5 23 37 26 63

Overall 20 6 26 38 27 65

Asia/Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 1 3 4

Production 1 6 7 18 26 44

Overall 1 6 7 19 29 48

Europe Drilling 1 1 2 0 7 7

Production 8 5 13 18 33 51

Overall 9 6 15 18 40 58

Middle East Drilling 0 0 0 1 0 1

Production 24 2 26 71 2 73

Overall 24 2 26 72 2 74

North America Drilling 2 0 2 9 0 9

Production 79 4 83 184 11 195

Overall 81 4 85 193 11 204

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 0 0 0 0 1 1

Production 57 0 57 8 0 8

Overall 57 0 57 8 1 9

South & Central America Drilling 4 0 4 9 3 12

Production 12 6 18 44 41 85

Overall 16 6 22 53 44 97

Overall Drilling 9 2 11 21 15 36

Production 199 28 227 380 139 519

Overall 208 30 238 401 154 555

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Table A.29: Number of PSE used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2019
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 1 0 1 2 2 4

Production 4 9 13 46 21 67

Overall 5 9 14 48 23 71

Asia/Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 0 0 0

Production 4 6 10 12 18 30

Overall 4 6 10 12 18 30

Europe Drilling 0 0 0 0 5 5

Production 5 7 12 14 22 36

Overall 5 7 12 14 27 41

Middle East Drilling 0 0 0 1 0 1

Production 19 1 20 37 4 41

Overall 19 1 20 38 4 42

North America Drilling 5 1 6 19 1 20

Production 77 1 78 243 9 252

Overall 82 2 84 262 10 272

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 0 0 0 0 0 0

Production 75 0 75 109 2 111

Overall 75 0 75 109 2 111

South & Central America Drilling 2 0 2 7 4 11

Production 16 12 28 111 40 151

Overall 18 12 30 118 44 162

Overall Drilling 8 1 9 29 12 41

Production 200 36 236 572 116 688

Overall 208 37 245 601 128 729

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Tables A.30–38 show the number of work hours in the main safety database for which there were
related PSE data (even if zero), i.e., those that were included in the calculation of PSE per million
work hours in this report.

Table A.30: Number of work hours (000’s) used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2011
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 18,510 18,513 37,023 18,510 18,513 37,023

Production 127,258 29,204 156,462 126,815 28,799 155,614

Overall 145,768 47,717 193,485 145,325 47,312 192,637

Asia/Australasia Drilling 47,206 16,808 64,014 45,849 15,057 60,906

Production 90,968 41,733 132,701 72,621 38,438 111,059

Overall 138,174 58,541 196,715 118,470 53,495 171,965

Europe Drilling 3,325 21,355 24,680 3,325 21,355 24,680

Production 35,882 74,658 110,540 33,238 67,616 100,854

Overall 39,207 96,013 135,220 36,563 88,971 125,534

Middle East Drilling 47,540 5,737 53,277 46,568 5,737 52,305

Production 96,329 19,324 115,653 88,954 19,324 108,278

Overall 143,869 25,061 168,930 135,522 25,061 160,583

North America Drilling 37,928 17,697 55,625 34,929 16,970 51,899

Production 89,649 24,487 114,136 82,729 23,222 105,951

Overall 127,577 42,184 169,761 117,658 40,192 157,850

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 16,223 4,651 20,874 16,223 4,651 20,874

Production 29,368 18,964 48,332 27,344 18,551 45,895

Overall 45,591 23,615 69,206 43,567 23,202 66,769

South & Central America Drilling 11,154 2,802 13,956 10,692 2,802 13,494

Production 15,260 8,732 23,992 15,260 8,732 23,992

Overall 26,414 11,534 37,948 25,952 11,534 37,486

Overall Drilling 181,886 87,563 269,449 176,096 85,085 261,181

Production 484,714 217,102 701,816 446,961 204,682 651,643

Overall 666,600 304,665 971,265 623,057 289,767 912,824

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Table A.31: Number of work hours (000’s) used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2012
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 26,549 25,672 52,221 26,549 25,672 52,221

Production 128,218 34,944 163,162 128,218 34,944 163,162

Overall 154,767 60,616 215,383 154,767 60,616 215,383

Asia/Australasia Drilling 31,629 33,943 65,572 31,629 33,943 65,572

Production 97,879 99,319 197,198 109,429 99,319 208,748

Overall 129,508 133,262 262,770 141,058 133,262 274,320

Europe Drilling 15,645 24,095 39,740 15,645 24,095 39,740

Production 62,552 79,389 141,941 62,552 79,389 141,941

Overall 78,197 103,484 181,681 78,197 103,484 181,681

Middle East Drilling 33,016 4,928 37,944 25,553 4,928 30,481

Production 107,570 16,858 124,428 68,751 16,858 85,609

Overall 140,586 21,786 162,372 94,304 21,786 116,090

North America Drilling 68,357 31,781 100,138 65,995 31,781 97,776

Production 123,751 30,099 153,850 123,751 30,099 153,850

Overall 192,108 61,880 253,988 189,746 61,880 251,626

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 18,087 5,478 23,565 18,087 5,478 23,565

Production 40,024 22,162 62,186 40,024 22,162 62,186

Overall 58,111 27,640 85,751 58,111 27,640 85,751

South & Central America Drilling 11,220 4,710 15,930 11,220 4,710 15,930

Production 10,224 9,305 19,529 10,224 9,305 19,529

Overall 21,444 14,015 35,459 21,444 14,015 35,459

Overall Drilling 204,503 130,607 335,110 194,678 130,607 325,285

Production 570,218 292,076 862,294 542,949 292,076 835,025

Overall 774,721 422,683 1,197,404 737,627 422,683 1,160,310

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Table A.32: Number of work hours (000’s) used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2013
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 34,717 34,928 69,645 34,717 34,928 69,645

Production 124,035 36,238 160,273 124,035 36,238 160,273

Overall 158,752 71,166 229,918 158,752 71,166 229,918

Asia/Australasia Drilling 52,608 42,873 95,481 52,718 43,302 96,020

Production 113,156 108,224 221,380 113,156 110,923 224,079

Overall 165,764 151,097 316,861 165,874 154,225 320,099

Europe Drilling 23,395 25,829 49,224 13,059 24,795 37,854

Production 70,547 70,010 140,557 70,547 68,250 138,797

Overall 93,942 95,839 189,781 83,606 93,045 176,651

Middle East Drilling 45,284 6,896 52,180 45,372 6,896 52,268

Production 116,814 6,891 123,705 115,683 6,891 122,574

Overall 162,098 13,787 175,885 161,055 13,787 174,842

North America Drilling 70,447 39,089 109,536 71,507 39,060 110,567

Production 133,233 34,720 167,953 128,480 34,428 162,908

Overall 203,680 73,809 277,489 199,987 73,488 273,475

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 7,761 6,081 13,842 7,635 6,081 13,716

Production 61,811 19,365 81,176 61,811 19,365 81,176

Overall 69,572 25,446 95,018 69,446 25,446 94,892

South & Central America Drilling 15,526 4,929 20,455 15,197 4,929 20,126

Production 10,475 10,354 20,829 10,475 10,354 20,829

Overall 26,001 15,283 41,284 25,672 15,283 40,955

Overall Drilling 249,738 160,625 410,363 240,205 159,991 400,196

Production 630,071 285,802 915,873 624,187 286,449 910,636

Overall 879,809 446,427 1,326,236 864,392 446,440 1,310,832

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Table A.33: Number of work hours (000’s) used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2014
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 30,118 36,245 66,363 27,962 33,907 61,869

Production 122,482 47,430 169,912 116,134 35,753 151,887

Overall 152,600 83,675 236,275 144,096 69,660 213,756

Asia/Australasia Drilling 55,859 38,442 94,301 57,319 57,242 114,561

Production 134,979 61,785 196,764 126,970 103,791 230,761

Overall 190,838 100,227 291,065 184,289 161,033 345,322

Europe Drilling 24,277 24,896 49,173 17,901 24,868 42,769

Production 77,284 81,769 159,053 64,245 79,318 143,563

Overall 101,561 106,665 208,226 82,146 104,186 186,332

Middle East Drilling 30,545 7,279 37,824 30,185 7,279 37,464

Production 117,050 18,076 135,126 111,965 17,244 129,209

Overall 147,595 25,355 172,950 142,150 24,523 166,673

North America Drilling 86,253 69,634 155,887 86,253 69,634 155,887

Production 216,565 148,883 365,448 216,565 148,883 365,448

Overall 302,818 218,517 521,335 302,818 218,517 521,335

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 24,880 6,739 31,619 24,880 6,739 31,619

Production 67,386 20,934 88,320 67,386 20,934 88,320

Overall 92,266 27,673 119,939 92,266 27,673 119,939

South & Central America Drilling 24,241 5,551 29,792 22,102 5,950 28,052

Production 48,906 10,951 59,857 38,966 10,951 49,917

Overall 73,147 16,502 89,649 61,068 16,901 77,969

Overall Drilling 276,173 188,786 464,959 266,602 205,619 472,221

Production 784,652 389,828 1,174,480 742,231 416,874 1,159,105

Overall 1,060,825 578,614 1,639,439 1,008,833 622,493 1,631,326

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Table A.34: Number of work hours (000’s) used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2015
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 18,780 31,711 50,491 18,780 31,711 50,491

Production 109,242 33,594 142,836 109,242 33,594 142,836

Overall 128,022 65,305 193,327 128,022 65,305 193,327

Asia/Australasia Drilling 44,874 42,865 87,739 42,531 24,921 67,452

Production 118,825 99,533 218,358 114,429 53,488 167,917

Overall 163,699 142,398 306,097 156,960 78,409 235,369

Europe Drilling 19,743 26,266 46,009 21,295 26,412 47,707

Production 66,642 71,960 138,602 66,642 71,960 138,602

Overall 86,385 98,226 184,611 87,937 98,372 186,309

Middle East Drilling 54,175 12,622 66,797 54,175 10,779 64,954

Production 145,474 28,417 173,891 145,608 28,417 174,025

Overall 199,649 41,039 240,688 199,783 39,196 238,979

North America Drilling 73,584 33,642 107,226 117,399 67,615 185,014

Production 145,555 141,004 286,559 204,134 140,663 344,797

Overall 219,139 174,646 393,785 321,533 208,278 529,811

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 24,162 7,145 31,307 24,162 7,145 31,307

Production 70,413 18,825 89,238 70,413 18,825 89,238

Overall 94,575 25,970 120,545 94,575 25,970 120,545

South & Central America Drilling 22,955 5,623 28,578 22,955 5,623 28,578

Production 45,317 9,474 54,791 45,317 9,474 54,791

Overall 68,272 15,097 83,369 68,272 15,097 83,369

Overall Drilling 258,273 159,874 418,147 301,297 174,206 475,503

Production 701,468 402,807 1,104,275 755,785 356,421 1,112,206

Overall 959,741 562,681 1,522,422 1,057,082 530,627 1,587,709

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Table A.35: Number of work hours (000’s) used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2016
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 16,489 21,349 37,838 16,489 21,349 37,838

Production 83,611 34,104 117,715 83,611 34,104 117,715

Overall 100,100 55,453 155,553 100,100 55,453 155,553

Asia/Australasia Drilling 31,508 37,445 68,953 27,472 18,583 46,055

Production 99,237 103,362 202,599 86,801 57,494 144,295

Overall 130,745 140,807 271,552 114,273 76,077 190,350

Europe Drilling 13,185 20,801 33,986 13,185 20,801 33,986

Production 58,998 59,315 118,313 58,998 59,315 118,313

Overall 72,183 80,116 152,299 72,183 80,116 152,299

Middle East Drilling 71,527 17,531 89,058 71,527 17,531 89,058

Production 119,679 9,400 129,079 119,679 9,400 129,079

Overall 191,206 26,931 218,137 191,206 26,931 218,137

North America Drilling 24,063 19,688 43,751 24,063 19,688 43,751

Production 101,712 20,220 121,932 101,712 20,220 121,932

Overall 125,775 39,908 165,683 125,775 39,908 165,683

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 5,904 5,996 11,900 5,904 5,996 11,900

Production 41,264 18,111 59,375 41,264 18,111 59,375

Overall 47,168 24,107 71,275 47,168 24,107 71,275

South & Central America Drilling 13,893 4,624 18,517 13,346 4,624 17,970

Production 34,458 8,879 43,337 34,458 8,879 43,337

Overall 48,351 13,503 61,854 47,804 13,503 61,307

Overall Drilling 176,569 127,434 304,003 171,986 108,572 280,558

Production 538,959 253,391 792,350 526,523 207,523 734,046

Overall 715,528 380,825 1,096,353 698,509 316,095 1,014,604

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Table A.36: Number of work hours (000’s) used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2017
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 22,924 21,547 44,471 22,924 21,547 44,471

Production 139,683 33,611 173,294 139,683 33,611 173,294

Overall 162,607 55,158 217,765 162,607 55,158 217,765

Asia/Australasia Drilling 23,307 15,574 38,881 23,228 14,946 38,174

Production 83,064 75,691 158,755 83,011 74,100 157,111

Overall 106,371 91,265 197,636 106,239 89,046 195,285

Europe Drilling 16,110 17,169 33,279 15,955 17,169 33,124

Production 50,698 58,337 109,035 50,698 58,337 109,035

Overall 66,808 75,506 142,314 66,653 75,506 142,159

Middle East Drilling 67,094 25,246 92,340 65,267 25,246 90,513

Production 191,880 53,688 245,568 189,982 53,688 243,670

Overall 258,974 78,934 337,908 255,249 78,934 334,183

North America Drilling 44,137 17,320 61,457 44,137 17,320 61,457

Production 100,009 17,951 117,960 100,009 17,951 117,960

Overall 144,146 35,271 179,417 144,146 35,271 179,417

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 12,941 9,562 22,503 12,941 9,562 22,503

Production 75,104 18,741 93,845 75,104 18,741 93,845

Overall 88,045 28,303 116,348 88,045 28,303 116,348

South & Central America Drilling 27,247 21,013 48,260 27,247 21,013 48,260

Production 113,126 96,763 209,889 113,126 96,763 209,889

Overall 140,373 117,776 258,149 140,373 117,776 258,149

Overall Drilling 213,760 127,431 341,191 211,854 126,803 338,657

Production 753,564 354,782 1,108,346 751,613 353,191 1,104,804

Overall 967,324 482,213 1,449,537 963,467 479,994 1,443,461

95
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix A

Table A.37: Number of work hours (000’s) used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2018
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 24,684 17,178 41,862 22,200 15,019 37,219

Production 162,651 37,935 200,586 159,654 37,935 197,589

Overall 187,335 55,113 242,448 181,854 52,954 234,808

Asia/Australasia Drilling 12,459 22,266 34,725 12,459 21,746 34,205

Production 90,993 82,077 173,070 90,301 82,077 172,378

Overall 103,452 104,343 207,795 102,760 103,823 206,583

Europe Drilling 18,481 16,794 35,275 17,833 16,131 33,964

Production 50,194 51,134 101,328 47,507 47,341 94,848

Overall 68,675 67,928 136,603 65,340 63,472 128,812

Middle East Drilling 66,581 18,379 84,960 66,581 18,379 84,960

Production 243,134 40,198 283,332 243,134 40,198 283,332

Overall 309,715 58,577 368,292 309,715 58,577 368,292

North America Drilling 39,795 16,825 56,620 39,795 16,815 56,610

Production 104,810 15,871 120,681 104,810 14,594 119,404

Overall 144,605 32,696 177,301 144,605 31,409 176,014

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 9,095 6,663 15,758 9,095 6,663 15,758

Production 74,121 18,998 93,119 40,744 18,998 59,742

Overall 83,216 25,661 108,877 49,839 25,661 75,500

South & Central America Drilling 26,041 22,643 48,684 24,574 21,709 46,283

Production 113,630 91,335 204,965 113,238 90,114 203,352

Overall 139,671 113,978 253,649 137,812 111,823 249,635

Overall Drilling 197,136 120,748 317,884 192,537 116,462 308,999

Production 839,533 337,548 1,177,081 799,388 331,257 1,130,645

Overall 1,036,669 458,296 1,494,965 991,925 447,719 1,439,644

96
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix A

Table A.38: Number of work hours (000’s) used in normalised analysis – by region and function – 2019
Region Function Tier 1 Tier 2

Onshore Offshore Overall Onshore Offshore Overall

Africa Drilling 20,792 20,548 41,340 21,127 19,094 40,221

Production 174,420 47,330 221,750 176,115 47,330 223,445

Overall 195,212 67,878 263,090 197,242 66,424 263,666

Asia/Australasia Drilling 22,114 42,620 64,734 22,114 42,772 64,886

Production 118,525 130,944 249,469 119,533 130,944 250,477

Overall 140,639 173,564 314,203 141,647 173,716 315,363

Europe Drilling 19,079 18,479 37,558 19,026 18,416 37,442

Production 59,875 61,339 121,214 59,579 61,339 120,918

Overall 78,954 79,818 158,772 78,605 79,755 158,360

Middle East Drilling 70,283 21,414 91,697 70,283 21,414 91,697

Production 187,993 61,364 249,357 187,993 61,364 249,357

Overall 258,276 82,778 341,054 258,276 82,778 341,054

North America Drilling 50,100 20,463 70,563 50,068 20,463 70,531

Production 133,103 15,767 148,870 133,103 15,767 148,870

Overall 183,203 36,230 219,433 183,171 36,230 219,401

Russia & Central Asia Drilling 12,325 5,995 18,320 12,706 5,995 18,701

Production 96,674 11,070 107,744 96,674 11,070 107,744

Overall 108,999 17,065 126,064 109,380 17,065 126,445

South & Central America Drilling 33,987 19,593 53,580 44,328 19,593 63,921

Production 152,727 83,078 235,805 152,727 83,078 235,805

Overall 186,714 102,671 289,385 197,055 102,671 299,726

Overall Drilling 228,680 149,112 377,792 239,652 147,747 387,399

Production 923,317 410,892 1,334,209 925,724 410,892 1,336,616

Overall 1,151,997 560,004 1,712,001 1,165,376 558,639 1,724,015

97
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix A

By company
Table A.39: PSE rate by company 2019

Company Code Tier 1 PSE Rate Tier 2 PSE Rate Company Code Tier 1 PSE Rate Tier 2 PSE Rate

SX 1.76 2.63 QR 0.05 0.21

LN 0.51 0.84 TX 0.05 0.16

DJ 0.40 0.40 TE 0.04 0.33

TA 0.35 1.41 MJ 0.01 0.03

LC 0.32 0.64 MV 0.00 0.99

WN 0.30 1.24 JI 0.00 0.77

AF 0.26 0.46 TY 0.00 0.64

NE 0.25 0.25 YY 0.00 0.17

YF 0.24 0.87 AX 0.00 0.14

LX 0.23 0.71 PM 0.00 0.13

AJ 0.16 0.80 HG 0.00 0.07

AT 0.16 0.27 CT 0.00 0.00

HD 0.14 1.60 DM 0.00 0.00

CE 0.14 0.26 FD 0.00 0.00

FW 0.12 0.09 GW 0.00 0.00

MC 0.11 0.33 HI 0.00 0.00

IL 0.10 0.00 JP 0.00 0.00

OQ 0.09 0.69 PW 0.00 0.00

BS 0.07 0.08 QE 0.00 0.00

XW 0.06 0.45 SQ 0.00 0.00

YU 0.06 0.19 TC 0.00 0.00

FE 0.06 0.06

98
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix B

Appendix B: Countries represented

The table below shows the 73 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2011.

Table B.1: Countries represented – 2011 PSE database

Region Country Region Country
Africa ALGERIA FSU AZERBAIJAN
ANGOLA KAZAKHSTAN
CAMEROUN RUSSIA
CHAD TURKMENISTAN
CONGO UZBEKISTAN
EQUATORIAL GUINEA Middle East IRAN
GABON IRAQ
LIBYA KUWAIT
MADAGASCAR QATAR
MAURITANIA SYRIA
NIGERIA UAE
SUDAN YEMEN
UGANDA JORDAN
EGYPT OMAN
GHANA SAUDI ARABIA
TANZANIA TURKEY
TUNISIA North America CANADA
Asia/Australasia AUSTRALIA MEXICO
BANGLADESH USA
BRUNEI South & Central America ARGENTINA
CAMBODIA BOLIVIA
CHINA BRAZIL
INDONESIA CHILE
MALAYSIA COLOMBIA
MYANMAR PERU
PAKISTAN TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
PHILIPPINES VENEZUELA
SINGAPORE
THAILAND
TIMOR LESTE
VIETNAM
INDIA
JAPAN
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Europe DENMARK
FRANCE
GERMANY
HUNGARY
ITALY
NETHERLANDS
NORWAY
POLAND
UK
IRELAND
ROMANIA
GREENLAND

99
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix B

The table below shows the 87 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2012.

Table B.2: Countries represented – 2012 PSE database

Region Country Region Country
Africa ALGERIA Europe DENMARK
ANGOLA FRANCE
CAMEROUN GERMANY
CHAD ITALY
CONGO NETHERLANDS
EQUATORIAL GUINEA NORWAY
GABON POLAND
LIBYA UK
MADAGASCAR AUSTRIA
MAURITANIA FAROE ISLANDS
NIGERIA GREENLAND
SUDAN IRELAND
UGANDA MONACO
EGYPT ROMANIA
GHANA SWITZERLAND
IVORY COAST FSU AZERBAIJAN
LIBERIA KAZAKHSTAN
MOZAMBIQUE RUSSIA
TANZANIA TURKMENISTAN
TUNISIA UZBEKISTAN
Asia/Australasia AUSTRALIA UKRAINE
BANGLADESH Middle East IRAN
BRUNEI IRAQ
CAMBODIA KUWAIT
CHINA QATAR
INDONESIA SYRIA
MALAYSIA UAE
MYANMAR YEMEN
PAKISTAN BAHRAIN
PHILIPPINES ISRAEL
SINGAPORE JORDAN
THAILAND OMAN
TIMOR LESTE SAUDI ARABIA
VIETNAM TURKEY
INDIA North America CANADA
JAPAN MEXICO
NEW ZEALAND USA
PAPUA NEW GUINEA CUBA
SOUTH KOREA South & Central America ARGENTINA
BOLIVIA
BRAZIL
CHILE
COLOMBIA
PERU
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
VENEZUELA
FRENCH GUIANA
URUGUAY

100
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix B

The table below shows the 83 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2013.

Table B.3: Countries represented – 2013 PSE database

Region Country Region Country
Africa ALGERIA Europe DENMARK
ANGOLA FRANCE
CAMEROUN GERMANY
CHAD HUNGARY
CONGO NETHERLANDS
EQUATORIAL GUINEA NORWAY
GABON POLAND
LIBYA UK
MADAGASCAR AUSTRIA
MAURITANIA ROMANIA
NIGERIA CROATIA
UGANDA SWITZERLAND
EGYPT IRELAND
GHANA ITALY
IVORY COAST FSU KAZAKHSTAN
MOZAMBIQUE RUSSIA
TANZANIA AZERBAIJAN
TUNISIA UKRAINE
BENIN Middle East IRAQ
ETHIOPIA KUWAIT
KENYA QATAR
NAMIBIA UAE
SENEGAL YEMEN
SOUTH AFRICA IRAN
MOROCCO JORDAN
Asia/Australasia AUSTRALIA OMAN
BANGLADESH TURKEY
CHINA North America CANADA
INDONESIA MEXICO
MALAYSIA USA
MYANMAR South & Central America ARGENTINA
PAKISTAN BOLIVIA
SINGAPORE BRAZIL
THAILAND CHILE
VIETNAM TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
INDIA SURINAM
NEW ZEALAND COLOMBIA
PAPUA NEW GUINEA FRENCH GUIANA
BRUNEI URUGUAY
JAPAN VENEZUELA
PHILIPPINES FALKLAND ISLANDS
SOUTH KOREA

101
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix B

The table below shows the 107 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2014.

Table B.4: Countries represented – 2014 PSE database

Region Country Region Country
Africa ALGERIA Europe DENMARK
ANGOLA FRANCE
CAMEROUN GERMANY
CHAD HUNGARY
CONGO NETHERLANDS
EQUATORIAL GUINEA NORWAY
GABON POLAND
LIBYA UK
MADAGASCAR AUSTRIA
MAURITANIA ROMANIA
NIGERIA CROATIA
UGANDA IRELAND
EGYPT ITALY
GHANA BULGARIA
IVORY COAST CYPRUS
MOZAMBIQUE GREENLAND
TANZANIA MALTA
TUNISIA MONACO
BENIN PORTUGAL
ETHIOPIA SPAIN
KENYA FSU KAZAKHSTAN
NAMIBIA RUSSIA
SENEGAL AZERBAIJAN
SOUTH AFRICA UKRAINE
MOROCCO LITHUANIA
DRC – DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC TURKMENISTAN
OF THE CONGO (FORMERLY Middle East IRAQ
ZAIRE) KUWAIT
GUINEA QATAR
LIBERIA UAE
SIERRA LEONE YEMEN
SUDAN IRAN
Asia/Australasia AUSTRALIA JORDAN
BANGLADESH OMAN
CHINA TURKEY
INDONESIA PALESTINE
MALAYSIA SAUDI ARABIA
MYANMAR SYRIA
PAKISTAN North America CANADA
SINGAPORE MEXICO
THAILAND USA
VIETNAM South & Central America ARGENTINA
INDIA BOLIVIA
NEW ZEALAND BRAZIL
PAPUA NEW GUINEA CHILE
BRUNEI TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
JAPAN SURINAM
PHILIPPINES COLOMBIA
SOUTH KOREA FRENCH GUIANA
CAMBODIA URUGUAY
TAIWAN VENEZUELA
TIMOR LESTE FALKLAND ISLANDS
ARUBA
ECUADOR
GUATEMALA
GUYANA
PERU

102
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix B

The table below shows the 100 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2015.

Table B.5: Countries represented – 2015 PSE database

Region Country Region Country
Africa ALGERIA Europe DENMARK
ANGOLA FRANCE
CHAD GERMANY
CONGO HUNGARY
EQUATORIAL GUINEA NETHERLANDS
GABON NORWAY
LIBYA POLAND
MADAGASCAR UK
MAURITANIA AUSTRIA
NIGERIA ROMANIA
UGANDA CROATIA
EGYPT IRELAND
GHANA ITALY
IVORY COAST BULGARIA
MOZAMBIQUE CYPRUS
TANZANIA MONACO
TUNISIA SPAIN
ETHIOPIA FSU KAZAKHSTAN
KENYA RUSSIA
NAMIBIA AZERBAIJAN
SENEGAL UKRAINE
SOUTH AFRICA TURKMENISTAN
MOROCCO Middle East IRAQ
GUINEA KUWAIT
LIBERIA QATAR
SIERRA LEONE UAE
SUDAN YEMEN
Asia/Australasia AUSTRALIA IRAN
BANGLADESH JORDAN
CHINA OMAN
INDONESIA TURKEY
MALAYSIA PALESTINE
MYANMAR SAUDI ARABIA
PAKISTAN SYRIA
SINGAPORE KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
THAILAND North America CANADA
VIETNAM MEXICO
INDIA USA
NEW ZEALAND JAMAICA
PAPUA NEW GUINEA South & Central America ARGENTINA
BRUNEI BOLIVIA
JAPAN BRAZIL
PHILIPPINES CHILE
SOUTH KOREA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
TAIWAN SURINAM
TIMOR LESTE COLOMBIA
TADJIKISTAN URUGUAY
VENEZUELA
FALKLAND ISLANDS
ARUBA
ECUADOR
GUYANA
PERU

103
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix B

The table below shows the 95 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2016.

Table B.6: Countries represented – 2016 PSE database

Region Country Region Country
Africa ALGERIA Europe ALBANIA
ANGOLA AUSTRIA
CHAD BULGARIA
CONGO CROATIA
DRC - DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC CYPRUS
OF THE CONGO (FORMERLY DENMARK
ZAIRE) FRANCE
EGYPT GERMANY
EQUATORIAL GUINEA HUNGARY
GABON IRELAND
GHANA ITALY
IVORY COAST MONACO
KENYA NETHERLANDS
LIBERIA NORWAY
LIBYA POLAND
MADAGASCAR ROMANIA
MAURITANIA SPAIN
MOROCCO UK
MOZAMBIQUE Middle East IRAN
NAMIBIA IRAQ
NIGERIA JORDAN
SENEGAL KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
SOUTH AFRICA KUWAIT
SUDAN OMAN
TANZANIA QATAR
TUNISIA SAUDI ARABIA
UGANDA UAE
Asia/Australasia AUSTRALIA YEMEN
BANGLADESH North America CANADA
BRUNEI JAMAICA
CHINA MEXICO
INDIA USA
INDONESIA Russia & Central Asia AZERBAIJAN
JAPAN KAZAKHSTAN
MALAYSIA RUSSIA
MYANMAR TURKMENISTAN
NEW ZEALAND UKRAINE
PAKISTAN South & Central America ARGENTINA
PAPUA NEW GUINEA ARUBA
PHILIPPINES BOLIVIA
SINGAPORE BRAZIL
SOUTH KOREA COLOMBIA
TADJIKISTAN ECUADOR
TAIWAN FALKLAND ISLANDS
THAILAND GUYANA
TIMOR LESTE PERU
VIETNAM SURINAM
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
URUGUAY
VENEZUELA

104
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix B

The table below shows the 96 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2017.

Table B.7: Countries represented – 2017 PSE database

Region Country Region Country
Africa ALGERIA Europe ALBANIA
ANGOLA AUSTRIA
CHAD BELGIUM
CONGO BULGARIA
EGYPT CROATIA
EQUATORIAL GUINEA CYPRUS
ETHIOPIA DENMARK
GABON FRANCE
GHANA GERMANY
IVORY COAST GREECE
KENYA HUNGARY
LIBERIA IRELAND
LIBYA ITALY
MAURITANIA NETHERLANDS
MOROCCO NORWAY
MOZAMBIQUE PORTUGAL
NAMIBIA ROMANIA
NIGERIA SPAIN
SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE UK
SENEGAL UKRAINE
SOUTH AFRICA Middle East IRAN
SUDAN IRAQ
TANZANIA KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
TUNISIA KUWAIT
UGANDA OMAN
Asia/Australasia AUSTRALIA QATAR
BANGLADESH SAUDI ARABIA
BRUNEI TURKEY
CHINA UAE
INDIA YEMEN
INDONESIA North America CANADA
JAPAN JAMAICA
MALAYSIA MEXICO
MYANMAR USA
NEW ZEALAND Russia & Central Asia AZERBAIJAN
PAKISTAN GEORGIA
PAPUA NEW GUINEA KAZAKHSTAN
PHILIPPINES RUSSIA
SINGAPORE TURKMENISTAN
SOUTH KOREA South & Central America ARGENTINA
TADJIKISTAN ARUBA
THAILAND BOLIVIA
TIMOR LESTE BRAZIL
VIETNAM COLOMBIA
VIETNAM ECUADOR
FALKLAND ISLANDS
GUYANA
PERU
SURINAM
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
URUGUAY
VENEZUELA

105
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix B

The table below shows the 95 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2018.

Table B.8: Countries represented – 2018 PSE database

Region Country Region Country
Africa ALGERIA Europe ALBANIA
ANGOLA AUSTRIA
CHAD BULGARIA
CONGO CROATIA
COTE D IVOIRE CYPRUS
EGYPT DENMARK
EQUATORIAL GUINEA FRANCE
ETHIOPIA GERMANY
GABON HUNGARY
GHANA IRELAND
IVORY COAST ITALY
KENYA NETHERLANDS
LIBERIA NORWAY
LIBYA POLAND
MAURITANIA PORTUGAL
MOROCCO ROMANIA
MOZAMBIQUE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (EU)
NAMIBIA SPAIN
NIGERIA UK
SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE UKRAINE
SENEGAL Middle East IRAN
SOUTH AFRICA IRAQ
TANZANIA KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
TUNISIA KUWAIT
UGANDA OMAN
Asia/Australasia AUSTRALIA QATAR
BANGLADESH SAUDI ARABIA
BRUNEI TURKEY
CHINA UAE
INDIA YEMEN
INDONESIA North America CANADA
JAPAN JAMAICA
MALAYSIA MEXICO
MYANMAR USA
NEW ZEALAND Russia & Central Asia AZERBAIJAN
PAKISTAN GEORGIA
PAPUA NEW GUINEA KAZAKHSTAN
PHILIPPINES RUSSIA
SINGAPORE TURKMENISTAN
SOUTH KOREA South & Central America ARGENTINA
TAIWAN ARUBA
THAILAND BOLIVIA
VIETNAM BRAZIL
COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
FALKLAND ISLANDS
FRENCH GUIANA
GUYANA
PERU
SURINAM
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
URUGUAY
VENEZUELA

106
IOGP safety performance indicators 2019 – Process safety events / Appendix B

The table below shows the 87 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2019.

Table B.9: Countries represented – 2019 PSE database

Region Country Region Country
Africa ALGERIA Middle East IRAN
ANGOLA IRAQ
CHAD KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
CONGO KUWAIT
EGYPT LEBANON
EQUATORIAL GUINEA OMAN
GABON QATAR
GHANA TURKEY
IVORY COAST UAE
KENYA YEMEN
LIBYA North America CANADA
MAURITANIA MEXICO
MOROCCO USA
MOZAMBIQUE Russia & Central Asia AZERBAIJAN
NAMIBIA GEORGIA
NIGERIA KAZAKHSTAN
SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE RUSSIA
SENEGAL TURKMENISTAN
SOUTH AFRICA South & Central America ARGENTINA
TUNISIA BOLIVIA
UGANDA BRAZIL
Asia/Australasia AUSTRALIA COLOMBIA
BANGLADESH ECUADOR
BRUNEI FALKLAND ISLANDS
CHINA FRENCH GUIANA
INDIA GUYANA
INDONESIA PERU
JAPAN SURINAM
MALAYSIA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
MYANMAR VENEZUELA
NEW ZEALAND
PAKISTAN
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
PHILIPPINES
SINGAPORE
SOUTH KOREA
TAIWAN
THAILAND
VIETNAM
Europe ALBANIA
AUSTRIA
BULGARIA
CROATIA
CYPRUS
DENMARK
FRANCE
GERMANY
HUNGARY
IRELAND
ITALY
NETHERLANDS
NORWAY
POLAND
ROMANIA
SPAIN
UK
UKRAINE

107
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The Process Safety Event data

presented in this report are
based on voluntary submissions
from participating IOGP member
companies and are not necessarily
representative of the entire
upstream oil and gas industry.

The Process Safety Events (PSE) data

presented are based on the numbers
of Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE reported
by participating IOGP member
companies, broken down for:
• onshore and offshore
• drilling and production
• activities
• consequences
• material released.