Student´s name: Yeimy Lizeth Guerrero Rodriguez__ Account #: 20181032363_

PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

Questionnaire 1
Chapter 5: Phonetics
INSTRUCTIONS:
Watch the videos. Then read Chapter 5, pages 189- 215 in the book An
Introduction to language. Then answer each of the following questions
completely. A space is provided write each answer here. Use Calibri size
12 in BLUE color to write your answers.

1. Define the following terms:

a) Phonetics: Is the study of the speech sounds.

b) Articulatory phonetics: Is what you do, when you are producing speech
sounds.

c) Acoustic phonetics: Is the study of the acoustic characteristics of speech.

(Frequency, intensity, and duration).

d) Auditory phonetics: Is the study of what happens when we hear the speech
sounds, how we perceive them.

e) Segment: Is a minimal unit of sound that can be separate from others. (A word
can be separated or segmented into parts).

f) Phoneme: “A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a word that makes a

difference in its pronunciation, as well as its meaning, from another word.”

LiteraryDevices Editors. (2013). Metaphor. Retrieved November 4, 2014.

From: https://literarydevices.net/phoneme/

g) Phone: A phone is the unit of sound that actually you can hear. The phones are
marked with brackets ([]).
 2. What do we mean by orthography? Is orthography the same as the
phonetic alphabet the same? Explain.
We mean by orthography as a amount of rules about correct spelling writing.
Orthography is not the same as the phonetic alphabet because in the ortography we must
search for a way that the same sound can be represented by the same letter every time y
that is not possible, there is not way to study the sounds of the human languages. For that
reason was created the phonetic alphabet, in it we have a symbol for every sound.

3. What is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)? Why was it created?

Why is it important? Why is it used?
The IPA is an alphabet that represents all the sounds of all languages through symbols. It was
created because of the necessity of an alphabet that actually represents every sound, or the
most fundamental sounds in a language. It is very important because is used to have a better
pronunciation and comprehension of a language in a way that the person who knows the IPA
can know how to pronounce a written word, or hearing a word, the person will know how to
write it.

4. Are all sounds in the same language pronounced in the same way?
Explain.
The sounds are not pronounced in the same way in the same language because they can
vary from person to a person. Spearkers from different parts of a country or differents
countries pronounce words differently, for example, some people pronounce “bought” and
“pot” whith the same vowel, but other people pronounce them with the sounds vowel in
“bore” and “bar”.

5. . How many vowel sounds and consonant sounds are there in English?
List them.

Vowels: There are twelve vowels sounds.

i u
I ʊ
e o
ɛ ɔ
æ ᴧ
ǝ a
 Consonants: There are twenty four consonant sounds.
[p] [b] [m] [t] [d] [n] [k] [ɡ] [ŋ] [f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [ð] [ʃ] [ʒ]   [tʃ]
[dʒ] [l] [ɹ] [j] [w] [h]  

6. What are vowel sounds? What are consonant sounds? What is the
difference between the two?
The vowel sounds are sounds that we produce with little restriction of our airflow from the
lungs out through our mouth or nose. The consonant sounds are sounds produced with
some restriccion or closure in the vocal track. The difference between vowels and
consonants is that the vowels do not have a constriction of airflow and the consonants have
it.

7. List the eight (8) parts of the vocal tract. Provide one sound produced in
each. See page 196. The first one is done for you. See the example
below.

1. lips [p]
2. Alveolar teeth [f]
3. Tongue [θ]
4. Ridge [d]
5. Palate [j]
6. Velum (soft palate) [k]
7. Uvula [q]
8. Glottis [h]

8. There are several classes of consonants according to the places of

articulation. What are the eight (8) places of articulation? List them and
write one example of a sound produced in each place. See page 195. The
first one is done for you. See the example below.

1. bilabials [m]
2. Labiodentals [v]
 3. Interdentals [ð]
4. Alveolars [z]
5. Palatals [ӡ]
6. Velars [g]
7. Uvulars [R]
8. Glottals [Ɂ]

9. Consonant sounds are also classified according to manners of

articulation. What are the sixteen (16) manners of articulation? List
them and write two examples of sounds produced. See p. 197. The first
one is done for you. See the example below.

1. Voiced: [g, z, b]
2. Voiceless: [p,s]
3. Aspirated: [p]-pit [k]-kin
4. Unaspirated: [p]-spit [k]-skin
5. Oral: [b,d]
6. Nasal: [m,n]
7. Stops: [d,n]
8. Fricatives: [f,h]
9. Affricates: [ʧ,ʤ]
10. Liquids: [l,r]
11. Glides: [j,w]
12. Approximants: [w,j]
13. Trills: [r,R]
14. Flaps: [r]- ɾ
15. Clicks: [X]
 10.Write the symbol that corresponds to the following descriptions. Use the
charts on page 204. See the example below.
Example: voiceless alveolar fricative: [s]

a) nasal alveolar stop: [n]

b) voiceless unaspirated bilabial stop: [p]

c) voiceless velar glide: [ʍ]

d) high front vowel: [i]

e) low back rounded vowel: [ɔ]

11. Define each of the sounds below by marking + or -- . For each given
feature depending whether the property is present or absent. See the
examples below.

Consonants
m p s k d h n
ASPIRATED - - - + - - -
NASAL + - - - - - +
LABIAL + + - - - - -
VOICED + - - - + - +
ANTERIOR + + + + + + -
(front)
 12.Write the phonetic features of this classification of vowel sounds and
mention the vowels which are part of each. See page 205-208.
Front Central Back
High i u
I Rounded ʊ

Mid e o
ɛ ǝ
ᴧ

Low æ a ɔ

13.List all the 12 vowel sounds mentioned in the chart p.207

i (beet) u (boot)
I (bit) ʊ (put)
e (bait) o (boat)
ɛ (bet) ɔ (bawd)
æ (bat) ᴧ (butt)
ǝ (about) a (balm)

14.Define each of the sounds below by marking + or - . For each given

feature depending whether the property is present or absent. See the
example below.

Vowels
i e o u a I
HIGH + - - + - +
BACK - - + + - -
TENSE + + + - + -
ROUND - - + + - -

15.Provide examples of two words where these vowel sounds occur.

Example: [I]: bit, hit,

1. [ o ]: coat, both
 2. [ i ]: meet, feet

3. [ u ]: soon, afternoon

4. [a ]: cat, hat

REFERENCES:
 LiteraryDevices Editors. (2013). Metaphor. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
From: https://literarydevices.net/phoneme/

 Josh S. (2021). Diference between phoneme, phone and allophone. Linguistics Study
Guide . Powered by GeneratePress
From: https://linguisticsstudyguide.com/difference-between-phoneme-phone-
allophone/

 Jongman Allard. (March 13, 2013). Acoustic Phonetics. Oxford Bibliographies. Oxford
University Press.
From: https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-
9780199772810/obo-9780199772810-0047.xml#:~:text=Acoustic%20phonetics%20is
%20the%20study,frequency%2C%20intensity%2C%20and%20duration.

 Jones Daniel. (2013). Phonetics: The Sounds of Language. An Introduction to

Language, 10th edition. Book.
From: file:///C:/Users/Yeimy%20Guerrero/Dropbox/My%20PC%20(LAPTOP-
A0U29A4N)/Downloads/LIBRO-AN%20INTRODUCTION%20TO%20LANGUAGE-
Chapter%205%20(3).pdf

 Fingtam Languages. (May 21, 2018). Phonetics: Intro to Linguistics [video 2].
From: https://youtu.be/GLBsvdaR_ow

 Ubc Visible Speech. (February 4, 2015). Introduction to Articulatory Phonetics

(Vowels). Video.
From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7jQ8FELbIo&feature=youtu.be
 Ubc Visible Speech. (January 27, 2015). Introduction to Articulatory Phonetics
(Consonants). Video.
From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfoRdKuPF9I&feature=youtu.be