Speaking Reading 1 Identify the jobs in the photos and say SEE Tae what skills are important in each one. Gam spot Which job would you prefer and why? 1n Papers Part 3, you don't need to read the texts word by word, Read ingof these _the questions fis, ta know what to look for. Then scan the texts for the Barack you now Cis Mica Sie information you need, Always allow time to check your answers. ‘words and then choose four to complete ‘the quotes below. 3 You are going to read a magazine article about five women who ‘adventurous concerned flexible have recently changed careers. For questions 115, choose from redundant secure _ self-confident the women (A-f) Vat Which woman (- Acateer used to be for if. Once) reduced her working houre in order to study? you had left school, you found a job rand Watbed voli wage the'carene took part in competitions in her early teens? ladder. Today, the job market is far spends a lot of time outdoors? less and no one iiiows whatisporen tiny orig felt grateful that her employers trusted her? would like to start her own business? eee ~ began her studies in a new location? You have to be ready to accept had a medical background originally? change, in short be totally i 2 riyouaie pee travelled in her previous job’ to stay in the job market, There's chose to be made redundant? ali ae tient is satisfied with her new lack of routine? job you've been tralned to do, you took a long time to get on top of the job? fl] an.bs mere, and try Visited another continent during a career break? [42 different things. 21] y found her first job very tiring? fe] had financial support from her parents? 7 ARIS SEED (recat nan ing ER intends to expand her range of products? LI career risks, partly because they are less with status, 4 Now answer these questions about the women. but also because they like to experiment. t's just a question of 7 \,__sting thin ean do tis. and her life at the age of 29% ‘then giving ita go b_ What sort of things would Dani have been inexperienced at doing on the farm? ¢ How might Rachel’ new life seem uncertain to some people? a Why do you think Amanda felt increasingly dissatisfied with 92 \ UNIT 14‘Amanda, 33 | had been working in sales for sx ears when I suffered an ankle injury that was ‘to change my whole life It didn't heal and someone suggested acupuncture, 2 traditional Chinese treatment for pain. wos soimpressed by the treatment that | ound out about clases. had reached a point in my fe where things had to ‘change. In any ways had it al: a company car, foreign business tips, my own house, a secure job. But at 29, felt increasingly dsatsfied and wanted to be ‘more adventurous. So persuaded my boss to let me work a fourday week and did clases on the remaining day. took four dificult years to qualify, as | was studying 25 houts a week on top of my ob. its been worth it though, and get ‘on well withthe people work for now. As for the BMW, | don't mis it tal Dani, 30 I rained 25 a doctor but | knew all along it wasn't right for me and | found ‘working in a hospital exhausting. My parents had run thelr dairy farm for thity years and needed a long holiday, so we decided that look after things for sx ‘months while they visited my brother in Australia gave me the career break 'd bbeen looking for, except that never went back. Mum and Dad have emigrated, ‘so now m in charge for good, which is fine by me. Atthe begining, was quite inexperienced, though it felt natural to be back on the farm and didn't take me long to master everthing, "ve leaned to be fesble -to fit ia with the weather! Being in the cpen ais the best thing of all. ve just started seling my own cheese and by thi time next year, ilhave launched my ovin ice cream. Sue, 34 IFdnever seen myself as academic. Hitcressng seemed glamorous and! wanted car, so| went to work ina salon as an apprentice. | wasn't concerned about ‘the poor pay - | had fun! Then, all of a sudden, my husband's job moved to London. This forced me to reconsider my own life and | decided to take English ‘and Law at night school there. | was spending 45 hours a week cutting hair ‘and working for exams as wel lost ten kilos in weight, but forall the sess of studying, | knew | was doing the right thing. After leaving college | went into market research. My confidence has always been low and it was thee years before | felt | could cope effectively in the roe. Bu it was worth it~ my present ‘earnings would have been unimaginable back i the salon. Vocabulary Qrammar extra Word formation Rachel, 28 | worked for three investment bank in London, earning £60,000 a year in my last job. f fd ‘added up the hours spent at my des, it would have been huge ~ sometimes | was there until rmiight To begin with, Ihadots of energy and ‘got. rel buzz from the work, helped bythe fact, that everyone was wiling to gle me so much responsibly. Eventual, thie time around, it got to me. At the time, the bank needed to reduce its staff and was offering a goo leaving package, 50 | jumped at it. spent sx months {gating to know Latin Ameria, wher never been. Now m workin elance, ein artis for financial magazines. Ive set up the spare 100m as an office and | hope to pick up encugh otk. Peeple who need certainty and stucture would find my new ie citi, but alin al | feel ve made the right decison Eleanor, 25 I alvaysioved skating and what! wantedabove all was to be an ice dancer. Mum and Dad found classes for me but the rink was in another town 0 took up allot of their tie driving me ther. {imo grateful to them for that, not to mention. the huge sums they've invested in my taining. | started competing at 14 and turned professional {at 16. ve done a lot of great shows, but chase to hang up my sketes long before most ice- dancers do. For the last sik months, I've been ‘working fora sportswear frm to gain experience in business and marketing and my dream i 10 set up a company before long, producing boos, skates and costumes forthe ice ‘There are a number of expressions with alin the article. Say how all is used in a-h. a thad it ail (a) b I don't miss it at aill (A) « alfalong (8) d the best thing ofall (6) for these words. Then match them to the short definitions a-e. honest organised patient responsible successful a not planned well b easily annoyed € not achieving what was intended likely to lie or do something legal ¢ not thinking about the possible bad results of your action 1 The firm acknowledged. redundancies, us were fed up. 2 The recession had affected , 6 There are disadvantages to € allofa sudden (©) foralithe stress (Q) 4 allinall(0) h above ll €) 279 applications the same day. _.€ar industry, causing many ‘world depends on electronic communications nowadays. 4 fecoantans have a powerful vols in. 5 We had been staring at figures on scree companies. day and. these jobs. ‘What rules can you make about the use of alland whole on the basis ofthese examples? CAREER MOVES Sometimes ais confused with whole. In this example, itis not possible to use al. {an ankle injury that was to change my whole if. Now complete these sentences using all or whole, Where itis possible to use either, ‘write both alternatives. Add any words necessary. i,Perfect tenses 1._ Explain the differences in meaning in these sentences and identify the tenses used. a have never sent an email b Tnever sent an email in my last job. € Thad never sent an email until I started working here. 4 Twill have sent over 500 emails by the end of this week! 2 Read these examples of perfect tenses from 14.1. a Thad been working in sales for six years. b I've set up the spare room as an office. ¢ Ti always loved skating. By this time next year, I'll have launched my own ice cream. It gave me the career break Id been looking for. My confidence has always been low. If Td added up the hours ... ve been working for a sportswear firm to gain experience. rane Now look at the different uses of perfect tenses, 1-7, and find examples of them in sentences a-h. Some uses have more than one example. 1 talking about a recent event or situation which has been completed 2 talking about an event or situation which started in the past but is still true 3. emphasising the duration of a recent event or situation 4 talking about an event or situation that happened earlier than the past time being described in the sentence or paragraph 5 emphasising the duration of an event or situation which took place earlier than the past time being described 6 used in a conditional structure 7 talking about an event that will happen within a specified future time ‘Which perfect tense has not been exemplified in 2a-h? Give an example of this tense. @>0: 94 .\ UNITI4 3 Choose the correct tense. a What I have been showing / had been showing you today is only part of our huge range of products. b Last week, the company was voted / has been voted top supplier for the third time, € Since she started college, Sara was studying / has been studying every night, including weekends. On Friday, Ihave been working / will have been working in the department for exactly a year. © The end of year results were not as bad as the directors had feared | have feared. £ By May, eight new designs have been launched J will have been launched, increasing our sales potential. & Our sales director has made / made some appalling decisions recently and frankly, wed be better off without him! h They have been waiting / had been waiting for the fax all day but when it came through the final page was missing. Their fans want to kn ‘been happening nef your hou 7. friends of mine ‘if hadn’t met you, | astidF 4. (218i You are going to hear five people talking about ‘heir skills and work experience which make them suitable for the following jobs. Note down the skills, qualities and experience mentioned by each person. Speaker 1: office administrator Speaker 2: interpreter Speaker 3: shop assistant Speaker 4: first-aid worker Speaker 5: cook What other skills and qualifications would be useful in each job?Pe Daa ice ea} Student A. You are about to attend an interview for a job at an international sports event in Canada, next summer. The job will be one of the five listed in exerci 4. You don’t know exactly which one it will be yet, but you really want to get a job. Spend a few ‘minutes thinking about relevant experience and qualifications Remember to be enthusiastic at the interview and explain why you think you would be suitable. ane Student B You are going to interview someone for a job at a major international sports event in Canada. Tell the interviewee what the jab involves (choose one of the five listed in exercise 4). Then ask the interviewee about relevant experience (including knowledge of English), qualifications, general commitment and suitability for the job you have in mind. Then decide on a scale of 0-5 (5 being the most positive) how your interviewee has performed, according to these criteria: ixperience Qualifications Commitment Inter-personal skills Enthusiasm = 5 6 Skim the article below to decide who it is aimed at. Then put the verbs in brackets into the correct perfect tense. How to survive in business today The current stripping away of management © Fox or email people at night —it will layers and large-scale staff redundancies ses Ceo ik look as though you (7) a) (shrink) companies (put in) extra hours. radically. In some ways, this harsh new reality fat a elcerseralssresons seeee Q) (bring} bosses and workers. racer tated (8) closer together AV the same time, many new small _{ghow) that this simple gesture makes businesses (3) (set up) in the people think more highly of you. © Spend money on smart clothes ~ a survey by Hays Personnel Services (9) (find) that 42% of men and 52% of women think well-dressed people have a career advantage © Become known as a safe pair of hands rather than @ high-flying genius ~ in ten years’ time, you (10) {give} the top job while your flashy colleagues (11) (claim) unemployment benefit for at least five years. © Be concise in meetings — if you (12) {ramble on) at length, the chances are that you won't have got your message across, TTT aera Pen Rese! CAREER MOVES 95 last few years and a staggering 60 per cent of he population now work in small groups of five or less. Alongside these trends, the need fo apply psychology in the workplace (4) (grow) constantly. ‘Jobs for life” 6) (cease) to exist, and in contrast, survival skills of work ©) (become) absolutely essential Here are some top tips on how to survive in the officeWriting folder 7 Applications 96 Give the adjectives related to these nouns, using, your dictionary if necessary. motivation commitment determination soon cheerfulness enthusiasm .. energy on organisation talent skill . confidence : Read this advertisement. Decide which skills would be essential for the job, choosing from the nouns above and adding ideas of your own. WANTED Friendly, English-speaking people to work as restaurant and bar staff on our “Mediterranean cruise ships Tellus about + why you would like to work for us + any relevant experience you may have + personal qualities that would be useful on board ‘Coma Coot Blve Crises, PO Box 50, Southampton SO4 STR, quting reference PMS 3. Nowread these two letters of application. Has each applicant covered all the necessary points? Who would stand a better chance of getting the job? Dear Sir or Madam | have just seen your advertisement for jobs on board your ‘ruse ships (reference PM44) and | would tke to apply. am ‘4 20-year-old Swede with determination and commitment, | nave often thought of spending time at sea and yourJob ‘seems the perfect opportunity. ‘Altiough | have no on-board experience, | have been working ‘as a walter in & local restaurant forthe last 18 months and | have also had some experiance of bar work. My knowledge ‘of English is quite good, as | have been attending classes for the last six years. | would ke to add that | have visited many parts ofthe Mediterranean mysolf and could talk to guests ‘confidently during the voyage. ‘As for other personal qualtes which might be useful on board a ship, | am an organised and easy-going person, so ‘sharing a cabin with other crew members would not be a problem. lam sure | would make a success ofthis job and | hope you will consider my application. ‘Yours tatntuty Pernilia Axel ssoa. Dear Mr or Mrs I saw the job you advertised and I want to give ita go. Tlove the idea of going on a cruise and I'm just the person you need. never thought of working on a ship butitsounds fine. By the way, I've worked in a bar, though I didn’t enjoy itthat ‘much. I wouldn’t mind being a waiter on your ship though. Do the staf eat the same food as the guests? I've heard it’s very good. You ask about me. Well, tell good jokes. 'm always cheerful and [ think you would have to he, stuck on a ship for so long, Write to me soon, Harry4. Make improvements to the second letter, rewriting it, according to these guidelines. a Change the opening and closing formulae. Make sure the style is formal throughout. b Rewrite the first sentence to make it clear which job is being applied for. Remember to use the present perfect! ¢ Edit the first and second paragraphs to make them sound more positive. Build up the information about previous experience, including some reference to learning English. d Write a new third paragraph on personal qualities, using some of the adjectives and nouns in exercise 1 € Try to write around 180 words in all @am spot Ifyou choose to write a letter of application in Part 2 of Paper 2,you do not need to write any addresses. Remember to cover all the points in the question and try to sound positive about ‘yourself. You should use a formal style, wth an appropriate pening and closing formula, 5. Now look at this exam question. Underline the parts of the task that you need to cover. Remember to plan your answer before you start writing. You see the following advertisement in an international magazine. Can you answer YES to these questions? > Do you speak English confidently? kK Do you enjoy visiting new places? 3 Do you get on well with people? It'so, we would be interested in hearing from you! We are looking for energetic and cheerful guides to lead our 15-day coach tours round Europe. Tell us why you would be suitable. Apply to: Europewide Coach Tours, PO Box 23, London W1X 6TY, stating Where you saw our advertisement. Write a letter of application in 120-180 words. Do not include any postal addresses. WRITING FOLDER 7 fa