MODULE 1

ART
APPRECIATION

Instructor: MANDY TAPIRU MARANTAN

0965-687-4924
mandymarantan@yahoo.com
marantanmandy40@gmail.com
 images. Their works are not actually what they see in the physical world, but
depend on their imaginations and feelings.

The different styles that emerged within the expressionist art movements are:
▪ neoprimitivism
▪ fauvism
▪ dadaism
▪ surrealism
▪ social realism

A. Neoprimitivism

Neoprimitivism is an art style of combined elements from the native arts of the
South Sea Islanders and the wood carvings of African tribes. Among the Western
artists who adapted these elements was Amedeo Modigliani. Oval faces and
elongated shapes of African art can be seen in both his sculptures and paintings.

Head
Yellow Sweater
Amedeo Modigliani c 1919 Amedeo Modigliani c. 1913
Oil Canvas Stone

B. Fauvism

Fauvism is the style of les Fauves (French for "the wild beasts"), a group of
early 20th-century modern artists whose works emphasized with strong colors and
visual distortions. Most known artist was Henri Matisse.

The characteristics of Fauvism include:

A) the important use of unnatural colors gives new, emotional meaning to the colors;
B) creating a strong, unified work that appears flat on the canvas.

M.T.M 3
 Blue Window Woman with Hat
Henri Matisse, 1911 Henri Matisse, 1905
Oil on Canvas Oil on Canvas
C. Dadaism
Dadaism is a style characterized by imagination, remembered images, and
visual tricks and surprises—as in the paintings of Marc Chagall and Giorgio de
Chirico below. These artists turn their backs from using traditional styles in arts
leading to their new style called “non-style.”

The art, poetry, and performance produced by dada artists is often satirical
and nonsensical in nature.
Works of de Chirico and Chagall

Melancholy and Mystery of a Street I and the Village

Giorgio de Chirico, 1914 Marc Chagall, 1911
Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

D. Surrealism
Surrealism came from the term “super realism”, a style that depicts an
illogical, subconscious dream world. It is a clear expression of departure from reality
- as if the artists were dreaming, seeing illusions, or experiencing a change in mental
state.

Many surrealist works appeared morbid or gloomy subjects, as in those by

Salvador Dali. Others were quite playful and even humorous, such as those by Paul
Klee and Joan Miro.

Personages with Star Diana Persistence of Memory

Joan Miro, 1933 Paul Klee, 1932 Salvador Dali, 1931
Oil on canvas Oil on wood Oil on canvas

M.T.M 4
 E. Social Realism

Social realism is an art movement which expresses the artist’s role in social
reform. The artists used their works to show protest against the injustices,
inequalities immorality, and other concerns of the human condition. Social realists
have addressed different social issues for the purpose of increasing people’s
awareness leading to reforms and general welfare.

Miners’ Wives
Guernica
Ben Shahn, 1948 Pablo Picasso. 1937
Egg tempera on board Oil on Canvas (size: 11’ 5 ½” x 25’5)

Abstractionism

In the 20th century, the abstractionist movement existed from various intellectual
points of view. This intellectualism was reflected in art. Expressionism was
emotional while abstractionism was logical and rational.

Geometrical shapes, patterns, lines, angles, textures, and swirls of color were
used. Representational abstractionism depicts still-recognizable subjects while
pure abstractionism does not recognize any subject at all.

Abstractionist movement has four art styles, namely:

• Cubism
• Futurism
• Mechanical style
• Non-objectivism

A. Cubism

The cubist style was derived from the word cube, a three-dimensional geometric
figure composed of lines, planes, and angles.
Pablo Picasso - Spanish painter/sculptor is foremost among the cubists.
M.T.M 5
 Three Musicians, Girl Before a Mirror
Pablo Picasso, 1921 Pablo Picasso, 1932 Oil
on canvass Oil on Canvass

B. Futurism

Futurism is a style of art that began in Italy in the early 1900’s. It is an art of
fast-paced, machine-propelled age. Artists draw inspiration through motion, force,
speed and strength of mechanical forms. Thus, their works depicted the dynamic
sensation of all these – as seen in the works of Italian painter Gino Severini.

Armored Train
Gino Severini, 1915
Oil on Canvass

C. Mechanical Style

In mechanical style of art, basic forms such as planes, cones, spheres, and
cylinders all fit together in a precise and neat manner.

The City
Fernand Leger, 1919 Oil on Canvas
 M.T.M 6
D. Non-objectivism

From the term non-object, works in non-objectivism style did not make use of
figures or even representations of figures.

Activity
Activity

My Own Modern Art

Directions: Following the procedure below, come up with a piece of art.

Materials Needed:
1 whole cartolina or 1 whole box board, old colored magazines, newspapers
or calendars, pair of scissors, glue or paste, watercolor, crayons or pastel colors,
acrylic paint (if available), paint brush and/or sponge

Procedure:
1. Select a popular subject for your artwork (e.g. a product, a celebrity, a movie or
a television character, a sport, a place, a brand name). Plan how this will be
depicted with the available materials that you have.
2. Cut out images, letters, and others from the magazines, newspapers, or
calendars, and glue or paste them on the cartolina or board. Color the
background with any available coloring materials. You may add details using
crayons or pastels.
3. Put a title to your work.
Note: Please refer to the rubrics

Op Art and Pop Art

Optical art or Op art is another art movement that gives a visual experience
– a form of “action painting,” taking place in the viewer’s eye giving the illusion of
movement.

Popular art or Pop art is a movement that made of use of common place,
trivial, even nonsensical objects that pop artists seemed to enjoy and laugh at.

Example of Op Art and Pop Art

Fall Marilyn Monroe

Bridget Riley, 1963 Andy Warhol, M.T.M 7
Emulsion on Hard board 1967
Silkscreen print
 Contemporary Art Forms:
Installation Art and Performance Art

Installation art is a contemporary art form that makes use of sculptural

materials and other media to modify the way the viewer experiences a particular
space. It is also called environmental art, project art, and temporary art. It
creates an entire sensory experience for the viewer that allows him to walk
through them.

Performance art is a form of modern art in which the actions of an individual or

a group of a particular place and in a particular time constitute the work. It
involves four basic elements, namely: time, space, the performer’s body, and a
relationship between the performer and audience. The performer himself or
herself is the artist.

Some Notable Installation Art Pieces by Filipino Artists

Cordillera LabyrinthRoberto Villanueva, 1989 Go to Room 117Sid Gomez Hildawa, 1990

Bamboo and runo grassOutdoor Installation at the Mix Media Installation

Cultural Center of the Philippines

Some Examples of Performance Art

In the performance art, the performer himself or herself is the artist.

Activity
Activity
Applying your understanding of the distinct characteristics of arts from the
various art movements, make your own artwork that shows your self-expression
through a painting activity. You may follow the style of Pablo Picasso on Cubism,
Claude Monet’s short brush strokes, Henri Matisse’s on the use of strong colors, or
something tricky like Giorgio de Chirico’s work.
M.T.M 8
Note: Please refer to the rubrics

THE MODERN FILIPINO ARTISTS AND THEIR WORKS

What’s
What’s In
In

The modern art in the Philippines has transformed into a wide variety of
expressions and mediums turning the country into situation of creativeness
and innovations.

Philippine art became international in mode and scope. After endless

borrowings, the Filipino develops his own form and discovers his best way of art
expression. Filipino art has a universal perspective but distinctly Filipino in its
painting and will always vibrate the Filipino spirit.

The modern Filipino artist is independent to explore on his own. The most
interesting works of our contemporary artist show his love for country and
evolving culture.

M.T.M 9
 Activity
Activity

Given a chance to become a modern artist, choose a current issue in

society that you feel needs to be addressed. Select art materials that
are readily available at home. List down the materials that you are
going to use on a ½ sheet of paper and plan how to use these materials
to express your message about your chosen social issue. Decide on a
title of your artwork.

connect
Good job! How did you find the activity? Were you able to
yourself to it?
Do you know that what you have done is actually a part of your lesson in this
module which allows you to know the Filipino modern artists and their noble works?

What
What Is
Is It
It

Filipino Modern Artists and their Works

JOSE JOYA was born on June 3, 1931 and died on May 11, 1995. He was a
Filipino abstract artist and a National Artist of the Philippines awardee. Joya was a
printmaker, painter, mixed media artist, and a former dean of the University of the
Philippines' College of Fine Arts. He is a proponent and follower of Abstract
Expressionism in the Philippines. His art compositions were characterized by "dynamic
spontaneity" and "quick gestures" of action painting. He is the creator of compositions
that were described as "vigorous compositions" of heavy impastos, bold brushstrokes,
controlled dips, and diagonal swipes.
 What
What Is
Is It
It

Modern Art Movements History and Distinct

Characteristics
M.T.M 62

ABSTRACT REALISM

Abstract realism, as art, is a fusion of imagination and innovation brought

about by impressionism and expressionism. The artists mix their thoughts, feelings,
and emotions into their paintings of real-life objects.

Abstract art is a visualization of patterns, colors, texture, and lines without the
need of external motivation while realistic art consists of art forms that aim to copy the
natural picture or view such as photography.

Historically, abstract realism started in Europe in the late 19th century.

Abstract art fully emerged in the early 20th century when a decline in the appreciation
of realism became more common among Avant-garde artists of the period. Similarly,
the abstract art movement allowed for coherent analysis and meaning via lines, colors
and shapes that had not been previously recognized in art. Eventually, this gave birth
to abstract realism.

x+y=

Robert Delaunay, 1912, Francis Picabia, c. 1909

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_art

Robert Delaunay was a French artist who with his

wife Sonia Delaunay and others, co-founded the Orphism art
movement which is noted for its use of strong colors and geometric
shapes. His later works were more abstract. His key influence is
related to bold use of color and a clear love of experimentation with
both depth and tone. He was born on April 12, 1885
 Francis Picabia was born on January 22 1879. He was a French avant-
garde painter, poet and typographist and associated with Cubism. His highly
abstract planar compositions were colorful and rich in contrasts. He was later
briefly associated with Surrealism, but would soon turn his back on the art
establishment and became a follower of abstract realism.

M.T.M 73
DADAISM was an artistic movement in the early 20th century, practiced by a group of
European writers, artists, and intellectuals in protest against World War I. The
artworks showed rejection of the logic, reason, and aestheticism and expressed
nonsense, irrationality and anti-elite protest in their works. It is a style characterized
by dream fantasies, memory images, and visual tricks and surprises as seen in the
paintings of Marc Chagall and Giorgio de Chirico below.

Melancholy and Mystery of a Street

Giorgio de Chirico, 1914
Oil on Canvas

Giorgio de Chirico was an Italian artist and writer from Greece.

In the years before World War I, he founded the scuola metafisica
art movement which profoundly influenced the surrealists. His
most well-known works often featured Roman arcades, long
shadows, mannequins, trains, and illogical perspective. His
imagery reflected his
www.wikipedia.com affinity for the philosophy of Nietzsche and for the mythology of his
birthplace. He was born on July 10, 1888.

SURREALISM

Surrealism is an art style that depicts illogical and subconscious dream world
beyond the logical, conscious, and physical one. It was derived from the term “super
realism” with its artworks clearly showing hallucinations, dreams, seeing illusions and
a departure from what is real and natural.
 I and the Village
Marc Chagall, 1911
Oil on Canvas

M.T.M 84

Marc Chagall was a Russian-French artist of Belarusian Jewish

origin. As an early modernist, he was associated with several
major artistic styles and created works in a wide range of artistic
formats, including painting, drawings, book illustrations, stained
glass, stage sets, ceramic tapestries and fine art prints.

www.wikipedia.com

CUBISM

It is an early 20th century art movement that made innovations in paintings and
sculpture in Europe. The art style derived its name from the cube, a threedimensional
geometric figure which is composed of measured lines, planes, and angles. The
artworks of the cubist artists are a play combination of planes and angles on a flat
surface. Cubism was considered as the most influential art movement of the 20 th
century. The most notable proponent of cubism was Pablo Picasso.

Image :

Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor,

printmaker, ceramicist and theatre designer. He spent most of his
adult life in France. Regarded as one of the most influential artists
of the 20th century, he was known for his co-founding the Cubist
movement, inventing constructed sculpture, co-inventing collage,
and developing wide variety of styles. He was born on October 25,
1881.
OPTICAL ART (OP ART)

Optical Art or Op Art is an art movement that emerged in the 1960s. This is an
experiment in visual experience as a form of “action painting” with the action taking
place in the viewer’s eye. Lines, spaces, and colors are carefully and precisely planned,
visualized and positioned in op art to illustrate the illusion of movement which let
viewers experience varied sensations from discomfort to confusion to dizziness

M.T.M 95

Current
Bridget Riley, 1964
Synthetic Polymer on
composition Board

Bridget Louise Riley CH CBE was an English painter known

for singular op art paintings. He lived and worked in London,
Cornwall and the Vaucluse in
France. He was born on April 24, 1931.

POPULAR ART (POP ART)

Pop art is an art movement that arose in the United Kingdom and the United
States of America during the mid- to late-1950s. The movement presents a challenge
to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as
advertising, comic books and mundane mass-produced cultural objects. One of its
objectives is to use images of popular culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy
elements of any culture, most often through the use of irony.

Artworks range from paintings, to posters, to collages, to three-dimensional

“assemblages” and installations. Historically, pop artists made use of recognizable
objects and images from the consumers —as in the prints of Andy Warhol. Their
inspirations were the celebrities, advertisements, billboards, and comic strips that
were becoming popular at that time which led to the emergence of the term pop (from
“popular”) art.
 Whaam! In the Car
Roy Lichtenstein, 1963 Roy Lichtenstein, 1963
Acrylic and oil on canvas

10
M.T.M
6

Roy Fox Lichtenstein was an American pop artist. He was

born on October 27, 1923. During the 1960s, he along with
Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, and James Rosenquist among
others, became a leading figure in the new art movement.
His work defined the premise of pop art through parody.
Inspired by the comic strip, he produced precise
compositions that documented while they parodied, often
in a tongue-in-cheek manner. His work was influenced by
popular advertising and the comic book style.

PERFORMANCE ART

Performance art is a form of modern art in which the actions of an individual

or a group at a particular place and in a particular time constitute the work. Usually,
performance art can happen anywhere, at any time, or for any length of time. It can be
any situation involving four basic elements: time, space, performer’s body, and
relationship between the performer and the audience.

Moreover, it includes activities such as theater, dance, music, mime, juggling,

and gymnastics. These are unexpected, avant-garde, and unorthodox activities meant
to capture the audience’s attention. The performer himself or herself is the artist.

The performance can be done anywhere, and it rarely follows a story line or
plot. It may last for a few minutes or extend for several hours and may be based on a
written script or impromptu as the performance evolves.

https://img1.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/62/89/62089610_robinrhode165550x381.jpg
 https://unsplash.com/s/photos/performance-art
Paul McCarthy was born on Salt Lake City, Utah in 1945. He
studied and received his BFA in painting at the San Francisco Art
Institute. In 1972, he studied film, video, and art at the
University of Southern California receiving an MFA. He taught
performance, video, installation, and performance art history at
the University of California, Los Angeles. He worked mainly in
video and sculpture. Originally, he was trained as a painter, and
his main interest lies in everyday activities and the Image:
www.wikipedia.org
mess created by them. Much of his work in the late
1960s, such as Mountain Bowling (1969) and Hold an Apple in Your Armpit (1970.

11
M.T.M
7

Activity
Activity

Directions: Follow the given set of instructions to work on the activity below.
1. Choose one art movement. Create a simple artwork by applying its distinct
characteristics. Make use of any available art materials you have at home.
2. Make a simple explanation of your work on a ½ sheet of paper and paste it at the
back of your artwork.
3. Be creative and do not forget to give a title to your work.
4. Submit your output to your teacher for evaluation and recording.

What I
Can Do
Directions: Write a short comparative analysis essay about the characteristics of
artworks in the 20th century. Use the table below as your guide and write your essay
on a separate sheet of paper.

SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

(Note: Please refer to the rubrics)

12
M.T.M
8

Additional
Additional Activities
Activities

LEARN MORE…

PERFORMANCE ARTS

1. For the Performance Arts Activity, it will be done INDIVIDUALLY OR IN A

SMALL GROUP with a maximum of 5 members only. You may choose one or a
mixture of performance act below:
acting, theatre, singing, public speaking, magic or illusion performances dancing
mime opera, spoken word
2. The performance can be live or via media. You may use available gadgets like
smartphone or video recorder.
3. Performance time can be up to 5 minutes. The basic elements should be
observed in your performance.

(Note: Please refer to the rubrics)

 13
M.T.M
9

Remember that the “world is a big theater”. You are the main
artist, and everyone is your co-artist and supporting artists as well. Life is
a performance in reality, which you have to cherish and protect.

Congratulations for a job well done!

 MODERN ARTS: MEDIA TECHNIQUES AND
PROCESSES

What
What Is
Is It
It

MEDIUM OF ARTS

MEDIUM is any material or tool used by an artist in translating his or her thoughts
and emotions into an artwork.

Example: water color, Fresco, pastel and chalk, crayons, charcoal, acrylic, wood, clay,
stone, and others.

TYPES OF ART MEDIA

1. DRY MEDIA - These are dryly applied materials such as pencil, pastel, and
charcoal.

Image from id3442.securedata.net

2. WET MEDIA - These are coloring materials in liquid form like paints and inks.

M.T.M 20

Image from criswoodartist.com

3. MIXED MEDIA - A combination of two or more wet and dry media in a single
artwork.
Example: Draw with colored pencil. Then, paint it over with watercolor.
 Finally, add some highlights using pastel.

Image from en.wikipedia.org

ART TECHNIQUES

TECHNIQUE is the artist’s way or method of using a medium in creating an artwork.

Some Art Techniques

1. SPLATTERING - Fling the paint onto the painting surface with the flick of a
brush.

Image from broogly.com

2. COLORING - Put colors together to create a greater visual for the viewer.

M.T.M 21

Image from colorit.com

3. Impasto Painting - Lay enough thick-layered paint in an area of the surface to
make the brush or painting-knife strokes visible. As an option, mix the paint right
on the canvas. When dry, impasto gives texture; the paint appears to be coming
out of the canvas.
 Image from en.wikipedia.org

4. Encaustic Painting - This is also known as hot wax painting. Heat beeswax, and
add color pigments to produce liquid or paste. Afterwards, apply this to a surface
which is usually a wooden one, though canvas and other materials can also be
used.

Image from wallpaperflare.com

5. Mural Painting - Blow colored dyes through tube onto the canvas or wall.

Image from pxfuel.com

6. Oil Painting - Paint with pigments bound with a medium of drying oilespecially
linseed. Boil oil with a resin to have a glossy and varnished-like effect.
M.T.M 22

Image from pixabay.com

7. PHOTOGRAPHY - This is an exact resemblance of a design or a performance
through camera in order to produce the desired copy.
-It is also used as a tool in capturing installations and performances.

Image from wikipedia.org

8. Printing - This is a method of duplicating a single design into multiple ones.

Image from catawiki.com

FOUR MAJOR PROCESSES OF PRINTMAKING

1. Relief Printing - It is the cutting away of unneeded portion in a design, and print
what is left on the original surface.

M.T.M 23

Image from fineartamerica.com

2. Intaglio Printing - It is the opposite of relief printing. Print what is below the
surface. Examples are scratching, etching, engraving, and burin.
SCRATCHING ETCHING

Image from kids.britannica.com Image from pinterest.com

ENGRAVING BURIN

Image from kids.britannica.com Image from pinterest.com

3. Planographic Process or Lithography - Draw a design using greasy crayon, fix it

with an acid solution, and print what is drawn on a surface.

Image from pinterest.it

4. Screen printing (silkscreen) or Stencil Printing - Pass ink or any printing
medium through a stencil, which has been applied (or exposed) onto a mesh or
'screen' stretched on a wooden or metal frame. Then, print through open areas in a
screen.
M.T.M 24
5.

Image from pinterest.com Image from kitkraft.com

 Image from kitkraft.com

Activity
Activity

Are you excited to create your own masterpiece? Before you proceed, be sure to
prepare the materials needed. Likewise, read and follow the instructions below.

1. Express yourself through artwork applying the media techniques and styles of
various art movements and its influences to Filipino modern arts.
2. Use available media/materials at home or in the community.
3. Be creative and don’t forget to put the title of your artwork, your name, date of
finishing and the media/materials used
4. Submit your artwork for evaluation.

NOTE: Please refer to the rubrics

M.T.M 25
What
What II Can
Can Do
Do

LET’S DIG MORE!

1. Look for some indigenous, scrap, and other recyclable materials available in your
place.
2. Create an artwork out of these scrap materials applying any art technique.
3. Be creative and don’t forget to write the title of your work and the materials you
used.
4. Record the making of the artwork through any gadget.
5. Present the finished output to your teacher.

NOTE: Please refer to the rubrics

M.T.M 26
M.T.M 27
 COMPUTER/ DIGITAL ARTS
(Technology-based Arts)

What’s
What’s In
In

Technology-based art is essentially computer-generated and/or manipulated. With

technology being a fundamental force in the development and evolution of art, they are
interlinked to each other.

Computer arts or digital arts first came on the scene in the early 1960s.
Understandably, this was due to the technology that was constantly developing. Thus,
the early experimenters were not necessarily artists, but engineers and scientists who
had access to and experience with the hardware needed.
Digital Arts Defined
Digital Arts describe technological arts, with fluid boundaries offering many
possible interpretations of the terminology. As such, we now prefer the terms digital
art and new media which can be used interchangeably with some nuances. In other
words, while some works rely on digital tools to magnify an already-existing medium,
others use as digital technology as an intrinsic and indissociable component in the
making of the artifact.

Technology-Based Art

Computer/Digital Art

 Mobile Phone Art

 Computer generated Images

Picture taken by the author

M.T. 2
M 8
 Today’s computer artists employ the ever-expanding powers of image manipulation
programs and applications to create an amazing artwork which can appear in an
entire range of media whether as a physical output or a virtual experience.

Computer/digital arts make use of electronic and mechanical devices, rather

than the artist’s own hand, to produce the desired images and effects. Thus, these are
definitely technology-based art forms.

In recent decades, personal gadgets such as laptops, tablets, and android

phones have incorporated the artistic capabilities of the large-scale computers. So it is
now possible for anyone to be a digital artist.

MOBILE PHONE ARTS DEFINED

The mobile phone that you

constantly hold has evolved from a
mere communication tool, to a
creative device that allows you to
generate original works of art for
an entire range of purposes.

https://tallypress.com/fun/the-evolution-of-mpbile-phone-designs-from-1983-2019/

Mobile phones can store personal photographs and videos that you can
manipulate with a myriad of special effects, both visual and auditory.

They could also be school projects or reports that require you to combine
images, incorporate text, and even include simple animation.

The wonder of it all is that you can

do all these right on your own
mobile devices, particularly the new
generation models known as android
tablets, phones, and a combination
of both called “phablets”.

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-phone-tablet-and-phablet

The tasks that traditional photo editors used to perform manually – cropping,
retouching, airbrushing is now just a few of the many editing effects done for you with
split-second ease at the click of the mouse, a keyboard command, or a few taps and
drags of your finger on a touch screen.

Below are some of the mobile application programs that run on today’s android devices:

Flipagram - allows you to “bring photos to life”.

M.T.M 29
 Doodle Booth - an Ipad application that enables you to “doodle”.

Photo Collage - allows you to make collage, incorporate photos, stickers,

texts and frames.

Photo Grid - allows you to make a collage out of images from your
photo gallery.

Photo Booth - an application for taking photos and videos using an Ipad
mini.

Instagram - snap a photo, choose from among the available filters,

and share via Facebook.

Pic Monkey - a free online photo editing tool that provides filters,
frames, texts, and effects.

Pixlr - a powerful, free online image editor.

What
What II Can
Can Do
Do

With the use of any android or smart phones, take a picture of yours. Apply any of the
editing tools found in your camera phone settings (e.g. crop, filter, adjust
sharpness/brightness, doodle, stickers). Paste your output on another sheet of paper.
Using any of the applications installed in your available device(s), experiment
with different effects and features to modify your saved images or illustrations. Make a
presentation of your pictures and apply background music. Share your output to your
teacher through “Bluetooth” or “Share It” application.

M.T.M 30

Additional
Additional Activities
Activities
A. If you will become a software application developer of a digital company, what
application are you going to develop? Create the application name and draw the
icon/logo. Cite certain features of that application. Use another sheet of paper for your
answer.

B. Picture Collage – What can you do keep yourself from getting the virus? Make an
infographic or a print ad showing the steps needed to avoid viral infection. Use
another sheet of paper.

M.T.M 31

MODERN TECHNOLOGY: ITS ROLE AND FUNCTION

ON ARTWORKS
 What
What Is
Is It
It

Modern Technology: A Tool for Empowerment

In the 21st century, the advancement of technology

is fast, and the creation of high-tech gadgets such
as mobile phones, phablets, laptops and computers
upgrade from time to time. These new technologies
have become a necessity to all human beings for
communication and entertainment purposes. In the
field of arts, there are developments in terms of the
processes of creating an artwork. Artists became
more interested to the so-called digital-based arts,
and they were able to explore and develop their
skills and talents in this field. Below are the reasons
why digital
artists use modern technology as a tool for empowerment:

a. A form of communication- It expresses ideas through visual elements and principles

in an artistic, advanced and creative way. Symbols and signages are typical
examples that give important directions or instructions that need to be followed.
Digital posters and slogans are also powerful tools to convey messages of different
issues.

b. Accessible to mass consumption- With the availability of modern technology, digital

artworks are easier to access and share in the different social and multimedia
platforms.

c. Wider range of artforms to produce- With the different applications and software
available in making digital artworks, artists have many choices to the kind of
artwork they want to produce. At the comfort of making their masterpieces, they
can explore and develop their skills, talents and self-confidence further.

d. More productive and practical- Creating digital artworks uses limited materials
unlike the traditional way of making art. It is also easier to manipulate these
modern art gadgets by simply undoing committed mistakes in the art piece. In
terms of the productivity, digital artworks are easier to create and sell.

M.T.M 32
 ROLE/FUNCTION OF ARTWORKS AS TO UTILIZATION AND
COMBINATION OF ART ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES
Digital artwork by Mr. Christian Rey R. Ricarze

There are two (2) roles/functions of art - the Non-motivated and Motivated.

1. Non-Motivated Function of Art

This means that art is based on one’s perspective and does not fulfill a specific
external purpose. In this manner, art as creativity is something humans must do by
their very nature and is therefore beyond utility. The following are its functions:

a. Basic human instinct for harmony, balance, and rhythm- It is a personal and
internal appreciation of aesthetic value (balance and beauty).
b. Experience of the mysterious- It gives brand new experience to people by
valuing the meaning of the art.
c. Expression of the imagination- It shares the experience of the artist through
forms, symbols and ideas with meaning that can be perceived in the artwork.
d. Ritualistic and symbolic function- In many cultures, art is used in rituals,
performances and dances as symbols and decorations such as part of the
background, in different apparels and costumes.

2. Motivated Functions of Art

These arts are intentional, and they are used by the artist or creator. They can
function to bring about political change, to comment or to convey specific idea.
Further, they can be used for medical purposes, entertainment and communication.
1. Communication. As most forms of communication, it has an intent to give
meaning and direction towards another individual. This is a motivated
purpose. Illustrative arts and maps are examples of these arts as
communication.
2. Art as entertainment. Digital art gives mixed emotions and moods for the
purpose of relaxing or entertaining the viewer.
3. The Avant-Garde. This is the Art of political change. In the 21 st century, digital
arts were used to bring about political change.
4. Art as a “free zone”. Contemporary art has enhanced its tolerance toward
cultural differences, as well as critical and liberating functions (social inquiry,
activism, subversion, deconstruction, etc.). It paves the way to a wider place for
exploration and experimentation.
5. Art for Social Causes. Art can be used to raise awareness in the different issues
in the surrounding. For an instance, the conduct of art exhibits that aims to
raise awareness of autism, cancer, human trafficking and other issues.
M.T.M 33
 6. Art for Medical Purposes. Art is also used as a therapy by therapists,
psychotherapists and clinical psychologists.
7. Art for propaganda or commercialism. Art is often utilized as propaganda to
influence popular conception or mood. In the same way, it is also used to sell
products. In this case, art subtly manipulates the viewer into a particular
emotion or psychological response to an idea or object.

Activity:
Essay Writing
Direction: Write an essay on how an artwork empowers a person. Write your answer
on a separate sheet.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Activity:
Art Analysis
Directions: Analyze the three (3) digital artworks below. Identify and explain the role/
function of arts in each image. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1 2 3

Digital artworks by Mr. Christian Rey R. Ricarze

THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY- BASED ART TO DERIVE

TRADITIONS
AND HISTORY
Historical accounts are visualized with the remnants and artifacts preserved from the
past. One of the most important aspects where we can study traditions and history is
through the artworks left from one generation to the other.
The history behind artworks at different times helps us learn and understand
people and their cultures. It has also helped in a lot of cases to learn the transition of
human time in his social, political, and economic stages. Art in this sense is
communication; it allows people from different cultures and different times to
communicate with each other via images, sounds and stories.

M.T.M 34
 In today’s world, wherein the era of rapid technological progress is inevitable,
the traditional arts are enhanced with the use of digital technologies. Nevertheless, the
use of artworks is still the same in the expression of moods and feelings of an artist
representing a particular group of people.
Digital medium of producing artworks has become the trend in the 21 st century.
It is also known as technology-based art. Most popular forms of technology-based art
are the digital painting and drawing, mobile phone art, digital photography, video
gaming, and imaging videos and animations.

Although, the artworks produced are digitally or technologically-based, it still

depicts the common concepts, subjects, and themes of landscapes, people, work,
nature, everyday life, conflicts and social change that all delve into the community
traditions and history.

To understand fully the use of technology-based art in deriving the traditions and
history, we can simply look, understand, and analyze the relationship of the digital
artworks produced in terms of culture and history.

The functions of technology-based art in deriving history, culture, and traditions are
as follows:

• It is used to provide visual information from the past.

• It is used to educate people regarding history, culture, and traditions by
visual representations.
• It is used to preserve the ideas, communal experiences, happenings,
scenic structures and many more through visual arts like digital
photography and digital paintings.
• It is used to promote the beauty of natural landscapes, structures,
people, and traditions through digital photography and digital painting.

Art Reflects History, Culture, and Traditions

History, culture, and traditions are indispensable part of humanity. History
refers to the study of the past events, most especially human events and endeavors.
Culture is the way people live where customs, beliefs, art, social groups and people are
parts of it. Traditions are part of history and culture that are passed on from
generation to generation.

Sample of Digital Artworks that Reflect History, Culture, and Traditions

Vigan Heritage
 Vigan Heritage is a major landmark in the Province of Ilocos Sur which derived from
the Spanish colonization during the 16 th century. It is a living remnant of an old
architectural design preserved in a digital photograph.

Digital Photography
M.T.M 35

https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/ceacc94e -1b43-4976-9f52-e2e52252e6ee

Princess Urduja

Princess Urduja is believed to be a heroine in Philippine history particularly in

Pangasinan. This was accounted in the travels of Ibn Batutta, a Muslim traveler from
Morroco.
The animated film was created on June 18, 2008. It is an art reflecting the
traditional society during the Sultanate Period in the Philippines.
Animated Art
https://www.deviantart.com/pikadiana/art/URDUJA-Princess-of-the-Eastern-Pearl-527639588

e Terraces

Approximately 2,000 years had passed, a majestic landscape followed the

lines of the mountains. It is the fruit of knowledge passed on from generation to
generation. It expresses a scenic beauty of harmonious relationship between
human and the environment.

Digital Photography
https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/bfdf861a-f5d4-4304-a148-244d342009ae
 Laro ng Lahi

It

Digital Painting (Laro ng Lahi)

By: Christi an Rey R. Ricarze
This is a digital painting done which is a conglomeration of the traditional
Filipino games like tumbang preso, kadang kadang, trumpo, palosebo, luksong
baka, patintero and many more.
It reflects Filipino ingenuity in terms of their leisure activities.

We Heal as One
This is a digital poster as an
interpretation of the courage, resilience,
volunteerism, and unity of the Filipinos
amidst the pandemic.
In this particular artwork, social
awareness, relevance, and responsibility are
emphasized as part of the Filipino culture.

Digital Painting (We Heal as One)

M.T.M 36

By: Christian Rey R. Ricarze

Landscape)

A mobile phone art using free application

showing an altered scenic landscape of Mount
Arayat in Pampanga.
The actual photo was transformed to a
technology-based art. Mobile Phone Art (Mount
Arayat) Photo taken and edited by: Winifredo P. Pe Benito
Date: January 2020

Digital Photography (Seascape)

Photo taken by: Winifredo P. Pe Benito
Date: May 2013 Hundred Islands (Seascape)

Digital photography showing an evidence of the natural beauty of the

seascape of Lingayen Gulp where the Famous hundred Island is
Located.

Digital Photography (City Life)

Photo taken by: Winifredo P. Pe Benito
Date: December 2012 City Life (Baguio City)

Baguio City is known as the “Summer Capital” of the Philippines. It is a city

established during the American colonization in the Philippines at the top of the
mountains of Benguet.
Baguio life is just like the other cities in the Philippines; however, it has a cold
climate due to its topographical location and elevation.

M.T.M 37
Activity:
Directions: Write a short essay based on the topic below. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

Technology-Based Artworks Promote History and Culture

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 21ST CENTURY ARTWORKS

What
What Is
Is It
It

The beginning of the 21 st century has expanded the world of artists as they are
taking advantage of endless options technology can offer them. On the other hand,
younger generations are more engaged in arts because they can create their own
artworks using technologies that are more interactive.
The rise of technology-based arts like digital arts using desktop PC, laptops, phones,
and tablets has created new styles and expressions. In fact, you can be a digital artist
in your own simple way by editing using your phone. Just so, you are already creating
your own style of manipulating and producing an artwork.

Process
Artists of different generations have one thing in common and that is to express their
personal experiences, beliefs and to make a change. However, from generation to
generation, the processes or ways of creating artworks totally differ. Artists of the
Classical Period produced masterpieces using materials that were available at that
specific time like paints from natural materials. But with the advancement of
technology, artists in the 21 st century developed new processes of creating art
compositions. The integration of technology became so popular and a new norm of
“do-it-yourself artworks” has invaded the mainstream of arts. Desktop computers,
laptops, and smartphone have emerged as powerful tools over paints and brushes in
making artworks.

M.T.M 38
Themes and Styles
The 21st century era of art is a period of free forms and styles which is characterized
by experts as the time of art without uniformity in principle or ideology. Artists drew
their subjects from the day to day events. An artist can create a masterpiece just
simply observing this around him. These artworks are reflections of society and
culture, politics, science, and technology, etc. Therefore, it does not have a single point
of view and make audience think outside of the box. It so interdisciplinary that you
need to understand other fields to point out exactly what the artist wanted to give you.

Visual Arts
Visual arts are basically art forms which are visual in nature, like drawing, painting,
design, photography, videography, architecture, and movie making. During the 20th
century, visual arts were only used to describe fine arts like sculpture and paintings.
But today’s usage, they also include applied arts such as the forms. Image and media
are the two distinct elements of visual arts. Artists use these to send messages and to
create communications about specific subjects such as gender, human rights, political
beliefs and ideology, culture, poverty, and other contemporary issues. Furthermore,
the emergence of technology gave the rise of computer arts or digital arts. Computer
arts, together with film making, became the mainstream of art that it expanded to a
very vast discipline. People have new ways of appreciating and looking at arts in a
different perspective.
st
Some Artworks of the 21 C entury

Le Déjeuner sur L’herbe:Les Trois Femmes Noir Image: www.news.artnet.com

Mickalene Thomas, 2009

Image: www.pinterest.com
Cuded ( Vincent Rhafael Aseo ) Image: www. en.wikipedia.org

Image: www.news.artnet.com

M.T.M 39
PICTURE ANALYSIS
Directions: Below is a digital artwork on Philippine culture and tradition. Analyze the
picture and write an essay about the role, functions, and characteristics of the 21 st
Century Arts.

Digital Painting (Philippine Culture and Tradition)

By: Christian Rey R. Ricarze

M.T.M 40