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Orgopriming to Enhance Seed Germination in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea

L.)

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Vinothini Nedunchezhiyan Bhavyasree R K

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 Res. Jr. of Agril. Sci. 10(1): 231-233

ISSN: 0976-1675 www.rjas.org Short

Communication
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

© Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences DI: 5411-0411-050

Orgopriming to Enhance Seed Germination in Groundnut

(Arachis hypogaea L.)
N Vinothini* and R K Bhavyasree1
Department of Seed Science and Technology, 1Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India

*Corresponding author: N. Vinothini (Ph. D. Scholar) Department of Seed Science and Technology,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
e-mail: ns.vinothini93@gmail.com, Contact: +91 9500676134

Received: 04 November 2018; Revised accepted: 06 January 2019

Key words: Groundnut, Organic seed priming, Seed viability, Germination, Vigour, Seed quality

G roundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important

leguminous oilseed crop and commonly called as
poor man’s nut. It is also known as peanut, monkey nut and
on good performance of the crop (Janmohammadi et al.
2008).
The genetically pure and freshly harvested pods of
goober nut. It is the world 13th most important food crop, 4th groundnut variety TMV 7 obtained from Oilseeds Research
most important source of edible oil and 3 rd most important Station, Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
source of vegetable protein. Groundnut seed contains 44 to Coimbatore constituted the study material for the present
56% oil and 22 to 30% protein on dry seed basis and is a investigation. Panchagavya 1%, Vermiwash 25%, Starter
rich source of minerals (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium solution 10%, Coconut water 50%, Ginger (Zingiber
and potassium) and vitamins (Vinothini et al. 2018, Kaba et officinale) rhizome extract 5%, Garlic (Allium sativum) bulb
al. 2014). extract 5% and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome extract
Good quality seeds having rapid and uniform field 5% were used as priming agents. Seeds were soaked in those
emergence is an essential prerequisite for increased yield, organic materials for 6 hours with a seed to a solution ratio
quality and ultimately profit to farmers. Uniformity and of 1:1 (weight: volume). After priming, the seeds were
percentage seedling emergence of direct seeded crops have a removed from the solutions, rinsed in water, shade dried at
major impact on final yield and quality. Slow emergence room temperature and the following seed quality parameters
results in weaker seedlings which are more prone to were assessed. The germination test was conducted with 50
diseases. Various presowing seed treatments have been seeds in eight replications for each treatment in sand
practiced to reduce the time between sowing and seeding medium. The test conditions of 25±2°C and 95±2% relative
emergence. Heydecker (1973) acknowledged the term “seed humidity (RH) were maintained in the germination room. At
priming” coined by Malnassy (1971) and showed the the end of tenth day, the number of normal seedlings
beneficial effect of priming. The term seed priming is (seedlings showing normal root and shoot development)
synonymous with seed invigouration. were counted and the mean was expressed as percentage.
Seed priming is widely used now a day for betterment The germination test was conducted in eight replications
of seed performance in terms of higher rate of germination with 400 seeds as per ISTA rules (ISTA 2010). Ten
and uniformity of establishment. Also, it causes the seedlings were randomly removed from each treatment
reduction in emergence time, accomplishment of uniform carefully so as to remove the plant intact with entire root
emergence and betterment of crop stand in many crops. system. The length of root and shoot length of seedlings was
More recently priming with a range of agents like hormones, recorded from the base of the seedling to the tip of the top
botanicals, bioagents and growth regulators is under practice most leaf in each plant and their mean was reported in cm.
to get the desired benefits during seed germination and later For dry matter production, the seedlings selected for root

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 Vinothini and Bhavyasree Res. Jr. of Agril. Sci. 10(1)
and shoot length were placed in a paper cover, shade dried turmeric rhizomes were washed in tap water. 5 g of the
for 24 hours and dried in a hot air oven maintained at 80 ± sample was ground by a blender with 100 ml (5%) of
2°C for 24 hours. Then they were cooled in a desiccator, distilled water. The ground mixture was filtered through a
weighed and expressed as gram per 10 seedlings. Vigour fine cotton cloth.
index values were computed using the following formula
and the mean values were expressed as whole numbers. Garlic bulb extract: The extract was prepared from selected
Vigour index = Germination (%) × Total seedling length rootless bulbs of fresh garlic, In order to achieve
(cm) (Abdul Baki 1973). The data were analyzed concentrations of 5%, the extract was diluted with sterilized
statistically adopting the procedure described by Panse and distilled water.
Sukhatme (1985). Seed is basic input in agriculture which is an embryo, a
living organism embedded in the supporting tissue. A good
Solutions used for orgopriming quality seed will respond to fertilizers and other inputs. In
Panchagavya: The following ingredients were used to any crop seed production, productivity and quality of the
prepare 20 litres of panchagavya stock solution. Cow dung seed are highly influenced by quality of the seed used for
(5 kg), cow’s urine (3 l), cow milk (2 l), cow milk curd (2 l), sowing along with the agronomic and environmental factors.
cow clarified butter/ghee (1 l). In addition, sugarcane juice Among them, it is the quality of the seed which decides
(3 l) tender coconut water (3 l) and ripe banana (1 kg) were germination percentage, plant population per unit area, yield
also added to accelerate the fermentation process. All the and productivity.
materials were added to a wide mouthed mud pot and kept The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect
open under shade. The contents were stirred twice a day for orgopriming on seed quality parameters in groundnut cv
about 20 minutes; both in the morning and evening facilitate TMV 7. There were significant differences in seed
aerobic microbial activity for 15 days. From this germination of treated seeds when compared to the control
panchagavya stock solution, three per cent concentration (81%) which was having lowest germination percent. The
was prepared for the treatment. The spray solution (500 seeds treated with coconut water showed an increased
litres ha-1) was sprayed using hand operated sprayer with germination (91%) and was on par with starter solution 10%
high pare size nozzle as per the treatments. (89%) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome extract 5%
(89%). Coconut water is very well known for its content of
Vermiwash: It is a watery extract of vermicompost and the enzymes and growth promoting substances especially
wash of earthworms present in the medium. cytokinin. Combination of these beneficial factors might
Starter solution: It is a mixture of cow dung, cow’s urine have contributed towards germination improvement.
and palm sugar in the ratio of 1:1:0.25. The mixture will be Mamaril and Lopez (1997) reported similar positive effect
kept for 24 hours for fermentation and then used. of coconut water in increasing biomass and fruit yield of
sweet pepper. Orgopriming with other organics such as
Coconut water: It is collected from tender coconut formed panchagavya (1%), vermiwash (25%), Garlic (Allium
5-7 months after spathe exertion. sativum) bulb extract 5% and Turmaric (Curcuma longa)
rhizome extract 5% were also effective in enhancing the
Ginger or turmeric rhizome extract: Fresh ginger or germination level significantly, over control.

Table 1 Influence of orgopriming on seed quality parameters in groundnut cv TMV 7

Germination Root length Shoot length Drymatter production Vigour
Treatments
(%) (cm) (cm) (g seedling-10) index
T0: Control 81 12.3 12.3 2.20 1993
T1: Panchagavya 1% 85 15.3 15.3 3.44 2601
T2: Vermiwash 25% 82 15.0 15.2 2.98 2478
T3: Starter solution 10% 89 21.1 14.2 3.12 3145
T4: Coconut water 50% 91 20.2 16.3 3.68 3322
T5: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome
89 19.4 16.0 3.56 3149
extract 5%
T6: Garlic (Allium sativum) bulb extract 5% 87 15.5 15.6 3.46 2704
T7: Turmaric (Curcuma longa) rhizome
85 15.1 15.1 3.24 2567
extract 5%
Mean 86 16.7 15.0 3.2 2745
SEd 0.88 0.22 0.25 0.04 42.78
CD (P=0.05) 1.81** 0.45** 0.51** 0.09** 88.29**

The root length of 21.1cm was observed in seeds treated water 50% (16.3 cm), which was on par with ginger rhizome
with starter solution 10% followed by coconut water 50% extract 5% (16.0 cm). Seedling dry weight and vigour index
(20.2 cm). The highest shoot length was recorded in coconut was recorded more in seeds primed with coconut water 50%

232
 Orgopriming to Enhance Seed Germination in Groundnut
with values (3.68 g seedling-10) and 3322 respectively. and turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome extract 5%. The
Growth hormones in coconut water might have increased the treated seeds along with control were evaluated for their
average dry weight of the plant which can be due to seed quality parameters under laboratory condition. The
increased cell division within the apical meristem of study revealed that the seeds primed with coconut water
seedling roots. 50% recorded higher seed germination (91%), root length
(20.20 cm), shoot length (16.30 cm), dry matter production
SUMMARY (3.68g seedling-10) and vigour index 3322 as compared to
The present investigation was carried out to study the other treatments and control. Coconut water 50 percent
influence of various organic seed priming treatments on seed induced the maximum germination per cent, shoot length,
quality parameters in groundnut. The groundnut cv TMV 7 dry matter production of seedlings and vigour index. So, we
was imposed with various seed priming treatments viz. can conclude that the 50 percent coconut water can be
Panchagavya 1%, Vermiwash 25%, Starter solution 10%, effectively used for orgopriming and is the ideal one
Coconut water 50%, Ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome followed by starter solution (10%) and the ginger extract
extract 5%, Garlic (Allium sativum) bulb extract 5 percent (5%).

LITERATURE CITED
Abdul-Baki A A and Anderson J D. 1973. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria 1. Crop Science 13(6):
630-633.
Heydeckar W. 1973. Germination an idea: The priming of seeds. University of Novingham. School of Agriculture report,
1973-74.
ISTA. 2010. International Rules for Seed Testing: Edition 2010. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf,
Switzerland. pp 12-19.
Janmohammadi M, Dezfuli P M and Sharifzadeh F. 2008. Seed invigoration techniques to improve germination and early
growth of inbred line of maize under salinity and drought stress. General and Applied Plant Physiology 34(3/4): 215-
226.
Kaba J S, Kumaga F K and Ofori K. 2014. Effect of flower production and time of flowering on pod yield of peanut (Arachis
hypogaea L) genotypes. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 7(4): 2319-2372.
Mamaril J C and Lopez A M. 1997. Comparative effect of coconut water growth harmone extracts on the growth of
freflasked Vanda sanderiana, Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium sp. Protocorms. The Philippines Journal of Coconut
Studies 22(2): 43-47.
Panse V G and Sukhatme P V. 1985. Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers. Published by Indian Council of
Agricultural Reaerch, New Delhi. pp 97-164.
Vinothini N, Vijayan R and Umarani R. 2018. Studies on flowering pattern in relation to seed filling and seed multiplication
rate in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science 7(09):
3321-3328.

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