Arts Appreciation Jose T.
Joya (1931 – 1995)
Pioneered abstract expressionism in the Philippines
Seeing the Arts in the Everyday His canvases were characterized by “Dynamic
spontaneity” and “Quick Gestures” of action painting.
Elements are Form, Shape, Color, Value, Space, and Texture He is the creator of compositions that were described
as “vigorous compositions” of heavy impastoes, bold
The form of a work is its shape, including its volume or brushstrokes, controlled dips, and diagonal swipes.
perceived volume
Works of Jose
A three-dimensional artwork has depth as well as width and
Nanking
height
The Granadean Arabesque (1958)
Biennial (1964)
Three-dimensional form is the basis of sculpture
Formalism
Napoleon Isabelo Veloso Abueva
is the analysis of works by their form or shapes in art
- Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture
history or archeology
- Born on January 26, 1930
Color
is the element of art that is produced when light,
Works of Napoleon
striking an object, is reflected back to the eye.
Kaganapan (1953)
Kiss of Judas (1955)
3 Properties of Color
Thirty Pieces of Silver
Hue – the name we give to a color (red, yellow, blue,
The Transfiguration (1979)
green, etc.)
UP Gateway (1967)
Intensity – refers to the vividness of the color. A colors
Nine Muses (1994)
intensity is sometimes referred as its “colorfulness,
Sunburst (1994) saturation, purity, or its strength”
Sandugo Value – how light or dark it is
The term shade and tint refers to the value changes in colors
A Two-Dimensional artwork can achieve the illusion of Form
with the use of perspective and/or shading or modelling
techniques.
In painting, shades are created by adding black to a color, Sound
while tints are created by adding white to a color. is defined as an oscillation in pressure, stress, particle
displacement, particle velocity, etc., propagated in a
Cesar Torrente Legaspi (April 2, 1917 – April 7, 1994) medium with internal forces or the superposition of
National Artist in Painting such propagated oscillation.
Art director prior to going full-time in his visual art can be any wave motion in air or other elastic media.
practice in the 1960s
The auditory sensation evoked by this sound results in the
Space – is an area that an artist provides for a particular perception of sound
purpose
The physical reception of sound in any hearing organism is
Space includes: limited to a range of frequencies
The background
Foreground Sound is also measured in Amplitude, which indicates how
Middle ground forceful the wave is, it is measured in decibels or dBA of
Refers to the distances or areas around , between, and sound pressure
within things
Sound Perception
Negative Space – is the area in between, around, though, or is about detecting danger, navigation, predation, and
within an object communication.
Noise
Positive Space – is the area occupied by an object and/or form is used to refer unwanted sound
is an undesirable component that obscures a wanted
Texture – refers to how something feels or looks signal
Soundscape
Value – the degree of lightness and darkness in a color is the component of the acoustic environment that can
be perceived by humans.
Shapes – could be geometric, organic, and curvaceous
Listening to the Arts in the Everyday Acoustic Environment
is the combination of all sounds within a given area as
modified by the environment and understood by The sense of smell gives rise to the perception of odors,
people, in context of the surrounding environment mediated by the olfactory nerve.
There are 6 elements of sound The olfactory receptor cells are neurons present in the
olfactory epithelium, a small patch of tissues at the back of
1. Pitch – which refers to how “low or high” a sound is the nasal cavity.
o White Noise – random noise spread evenly across
all frequencies Odor Sensation usually depends on the concentration
o Pink Noise – random noise spread evenly across available to the olfactory receptors
octaves
The perception of an odor effect is a two-step process.
2. Duration – is perceived as how “long or short” a sound
is and relates to onset and offset signals created by First, there is the Physiological part, the detection of stimuli by
nerve responses to sounds receptors in the nose. The stimuli are processed by the region
3. Loudness – is perceived as how “loud or soft” a sound of the human brain which is responsible for olfaction. Because
is and relates to the total number of auditory nerve of this, an objective and analytical measure of odor is
stimulations over short cyclic time period, most likely impossible. While odor feelings are very personal perceptions,
over the duration of theta wave cycles. individual reactions are related to gender, age, state of health,
4. Timbre – refers to the quality of different sounds, and and personal history.
represents the pre-conscious allocation of a sonic
identity to a sound. Habituation
5. Sonic Texture – relates to the number of sound affects the ability to distinguish odors after continuous
sources and the interaction between them. exposure.
6. Spatial Location – represents the cognitive placements Odor Perception
of a sound in an environment context, including the is a primal sense
placement of sound on both the horizontal and vertical The sense of smell enables pleasure, can
planes. subconsciously warn of danger, help locate mates, find
food, or detect predators.
Smelling the Arts in the Everyday Seven Primary Odors:
1. Musky – Perfumes/aftershave 1. Saltiness
2. Putrid – Rotten Eggs 2. Sweetness
3. Pungent – Vinegar 3. Bitterness
4. Camphoraceous – Mothballs 4. Sourness
5. Ethereal – Dry cleaning fluid 5. Savoriness “Umami”
6. Floral – roses
7. Pepperminty – Mint gum Sour and salt taste can be pleasant in small quantities, but in
large quantities become more and more unpleasant to taste.
Tasting the Arts in the Everyday
The Bitter taste is almost universally unpleasant because
Taste is the gustatory system allows us to distinguish between many nitrogenous organic molecules which have a
safe and harmful food, and to gauge food’s nutritional value. pharmacological effect on humans taste bitter.
Digestive enzymes in saliva begin to dissolve food into base Touching the Arts in the Everyday
chemicals that are washed over the papillae and detected as
tastes by the taste buds. The tongue is covered with Fine touch (discriminative touch)
thousands of small bumps called Papillae is a sensory modality that allows us to sense and
localize touch.
There are between 2,000 to 5,000 taste buds, each taste buds
contains 50 to 100 taste receptors Crude touch (non-discriminative touch)
is a sensory modality that allows us to sense that
Bitter foods are generally found unpleasant while sour, salty, something has touched us, without being able to
sweet, and savory tasting foods generally provide a localize where we were touched.
pleasurable sensation.
Somatosensory cortex
encodes incoming sensory information from receptors
all over the body.
The five specific taste received by taste receptors are: Affective touch
is a type of sensory information that elicits an
emotional reaction and is usually social in nature, such
as a physical human touch.
Passive tactile spatial acuity
the ability to resolve the fine spatial details of an
object pressed against the stationary skin.
The density of tactile corpuscles, a type of mechanoreceptor
that detects low-frequency vibrations, is greater in smaller
fingers; the same may hold for Merkel cells, which detect the
statics indentions important for fine spatial acuity.
