RPH The Aliping Namamahay were the commoners, they are free

and they have their own gold and wealth, they cannot be slaves
or be sold.
Customs of the Tagalogs
The Aliping Saguiguilir were the slaves, they serve their
Fray Juan de Placensia masters in the house, and can be sold to other masters.
- is a Spanish Friar of the Franciscan Order
- He came with the first batch of Franciscan Missionaries in the
Philippines in 1577 In religion they believe in Bathala which they call the all-
- He was a writer and was the author of the first religious book powerful, and maker of all things. They also believe in
titled “Doctrina Christiana” heavenly bodies such as the Sun, Moon, and Stars.

The Customs of the Tagalogs was written in 1589, wherein it In burials Normal people are usually buried beside their
tackled the practice and tradition of the Tagalogs during the homes. If a Datu dies they are buried under a porch, but before
Spanish period this they will mourn first for 4 days. If a Warrior dies a living
slave will be tied underneath his body. If a Commoner dies
Filipinos were governed by a chief called Datu, each they will be buried beside their houses.
population of Filipinos were called a Barangay, and each
barangay has 1 datu governing them. The people were All of these events will be accompanied by drinking and
categorized by their social standing, the Maharlica were the eating, they also believe in the concept of afterlife which they
nobles, Aliping Namamahay are commoners, and Aliping called which they called Maka.
Saguiguilir are the slaves.
They also believe in witches such as Hocloban,
The Maharlica’s were the highest among the social classes, Mangkukulam, and Mangagaway
they don’t pay taxes or give tributes to the Datu, they are
required to help the Datu in times of war.
the main event that affected the Philippines was the Spanish
colonization which influenced us with some of their customs
If a Maharlica marries an Aliping namamahay, their child will such as Christianity and the formation of a government
be divided, the 1st, 3rd, 5th child, and so on will go to the father,
and the 2nd ,4th, 6th child and so on will go to the mother.
the Philippines was portrayed as a community without a
unified government, each barangay was governed by datu, their
religion was not just focus on one God alone or their Bathala,
but they believed in the existence of heavenly bodies as well Timeline
this make them pagan or animists.  1891 – Rizal arrived in HongKong to practice his
medical profession
Significance of This Document:  1892 – Founded La Liga Filipina
 Enlightened with the difference of each classification of  1895 – Rizal became acquainted with Josephine
the social classes Bracken
 It serves as the foundation of the government system in
building a more organized government 1896
 They were able to know that they were molded by the  Dec 26 – Rizal was accused and tried before a military
past of their ancestors. tribunal for the alleged crimes of rebellion, sedition,
and legal association.
Rizal Retraction  Dec 28 – Governor General affirmed the death sentence
and set the execution of Rizal on Dec. 30 at 7:00
o’clock in the morning
Retraction is a public statement made about an earlier
statement that withdraws, cancels, refutes, or reverses the  Dec 29 – Death sentence was read to Rizal early in the
original statement or ceases and desists from publishing the morning.
original statement.  Dec 29 – Father Saderra and Father Luis Viza visted
Rizal and he asked them whether some of those who
had been professors were still there in Ateneo.
What was the retraction about?  Dec 29 – Rizal had decided to retract
- The letter, dated December 29, 1896, was said to have been  Dec 30 – at 6 o’clock in the morning, Josephine
signed by Jose Rizal himself. Rizal retracted because the Bracken, and Rizal was married
church would not allow his marriage to Josephine Bracken  Dec 30 – Execution of Rizal
unless he retracted his masonic affiliation.

Eyewitness
 Father Vicente Balaguer – First eyewitness, the priest
Main Issues concerning the Retraction
who married Rizal and Bracken
 Rizal retracted his masonic affiliation  Father Sanchez visited Rizal in Dapitan and persuaded
 Rizal wrote and signed the retraction him to retract.
 Rizal’s marriage to Josephine
  Father Patells had exchange several long letters with 3 Branches of the PH Government
Rizal for the same purpose of Father Sanchez  Legislative (Makes the law) - Congress, Senate, and
 Declaration or retraction was signed together with Dr. House of Representatives
Rizal by Señor Fresno, chief of the Picket, and Señor  Executive (Carries out the law) - President, Vice
Moure, Adjutant of the Plaza President, Cabinet
 Former Lieutenant of the infantry – second  Judicial (Evaluates the law) - Supreme Court, Other
eyewitness Courts

The Philippine Constitution After writing the constitution, the draft constitution or its
amendments/revisions are submitted to a plebiscite for
ratification in which the people will decide whether it is
Constitution
acceptable to become a law of the land
 is defined as the fundamental law of a nation or state.
 it is the constitution that establishes the character and At least seven Philippine Constitution were framed in our
basic principles of the government. history.
 is also described as “The highest expression of the law”

The purpose of a constitution:

 It prescribes the kind of government that will exist in
the state.
 It creates the different departments and specifies their
respective functions and duties.
 It is the source of the sovereign powers of a government The Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution (1897)
by establishing the fixed, first or basic principles - The constitution of Biak-na-Bato was the Provisionary
 It promotes public welfare. The constitution establishes Constitution of the Philippines Republic during the Philippine
the rights of the people which government is obligated Revolution and was promulgated by the Philippine
to protect Revolutionary Government on November 1, 1897. The
constitution borrowed from Cuba, was written by Isabelo
The Constitution is written by a constitutional convention Artacho and Felix Ferrer in Spanish and later on translated
which is a body assembled for the express purpose of framing into Tagalog.
or writing a constitution, revising an existing one, or proposing - It was never fully implemented since a truce, the pact of the
amendments to it. Biak-na-Bato was signed between the Spanish and the
Philippines Revolution Army
 Dominant Influences:
The Malolos Republic Constitution (1899)  Malolos Constitution
- Pact of Biak-na-Bato was signed by Spanish and Philippine  The German
Revolutionary army. When the Spanish was defeated by the  Spanish
Americans on May 1, 1898. Aguinaldo was transported back to  Mexican Constitution
the Philippines.  Constitution of several South American Countries
- Aguinaldo controlled Philippine Revolutionary Forces and  Unwritten English Constitution
the declaration of Independence issued on June 12, 1898. By
then, Malolos Congress was elected and September 17, 1898 The draft was approved on February 8, 1935 and identified by
dated as the drafting of the constitution. the US President Franklin B. Roosevelt. Elections were held in
- “The Political Constitution of 1899” came up, and approved September 1935 and Manuel L. Quezon was elected President
by the congress on 29 November 1898, and promulgated by of the Commonwealth.
Emilio Aguinaldo on January 21, 1899. It was patterned after
Spanish Constitution of 1812 with influences from Belgium, The Philippines was declared a independent republic in July 4,
Mexico, Brazil, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and the 1946
French constitution of 1793.

The 27 articles of Title IV detail the natural rights and popular

sovereignty if Filipinos The Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine
Title III Article V, declares that the state recognizes the Republic (1943 Constitution)
freedom and equality of all beliefs - The Commonwealth Government was interrupted by the
Second World War and the Japanese Occupation of the
The 1935 Constitution and the Commonwealth Philippines. The Commonwealth under President Manuel
Government Quezon went into exile in the United States. As part of their
- After the Treaty of Paris, United States of America was the policy of attraction in their Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity
new colonizers of the country, military government was placed Sphere program, the Japanese offered to grant the Philippines
until a civil government is into place. its Independence.
- The constitution created the commonwealth of the - Acting on the orders of the Japanese military, the Kapisanan
Philippines, an administrative body that governed the ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas or KALIBAPI, Filipino
Philippines from 1935 to 1946. It is a transitional political party that serve as the political party during the
administration to prepare the country towards its full Japanese occupation, convened and elected a Philippine
achievement of independence. commission for Philippine Independence (PCPI) to write a new
constitution. This was finished and signed on September 4,
1943 in a public ceremony and ratified by the KALIBAPI a - on March 24, 1986, President Aquino sign proclamation no. 3
few days later. On October 14, 1943, as provided for in the entitled “Declaring a national policy to implement the reforms
new constitution, the second Philippine Republic was mandated by the people, protecting their basic rights, adopting
inaugurated with Jose P. Laurel as president. a provisional constitution, and providing for an orderly
- the 1943 constitution was basically a condensed version of transition to a government under a new constitution.”
the 1935 Constitution consisting only of the preamble and 12 - in 1986, a constitutional convention was created, composed
articles. It was transitory in nature as it was only effective of 48 members, appointed by President Aquino from varied
during the duration of the war. It created a republic with three backgrounds and representations.
offices (executive, legislative, and judicial) but owing to the - the convention draw up a permanent constitution, largely
war, no legislature was convened. Instead, the powers of the restoring the set up abolish by Marcos in 1972. The new
government were concentrated with the president. The bill of constitution was officially adopted on February 2, 1987.
rights basically enumerated the citizens duties and obligations
rather than their constitutional rights and Tagalog was declared
national language. Legislative power resides in a congress divided into two
houses:
- the 1943 Constitution was recognized as legitimate and  The Senate
binding only in Japanese controlled areas of the Philippines but  House of Representatives
was ignored by the United States government and the
Philippine commonwealth government in exile. It was There are 234 legislative districts in the Philippines that elect
abolished eventually along with the second republic upon the their representatives to serve 3 year terms
liberation of the Philippines by American forces in 1945 and
the reestablishment of the Commonwealth in the Philippines. The 1987 Constitution
- the 1987 created a party-list system to provide spaces for the
The 1973 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship participation of under-represented community sectors or
- In 1965, Ferdinand E. Marcos was elected President groups, party-list representatives my fill up not more than 20%
- 1967, Philippine Congress passed a resolution calling for a of the seats in the house.
constitutional convention to change the 1935 Constitution
- Marcos cited a growing communist insurgency as reason for The constitution also established read independent
the Martial Law which for in the 1935 Constitution: Article VII constitutional commission’s namely:
Executive Department Section II Paragraph 2.  The civil service commission
 Commission of elections
The Freedom Constitution (1986)  Commission on audit
The house of representatives can initiate the impeachment of
the president, members of the Supreme Court and other
constitutionally protected public officials such as the
ombudsman. The Senate will then try the impeachment case

Agrarian Reform

Taxation