UNIT 10: HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND LONGEVITY
1. ATTRIBUTE
verb /əˈtrɪbjuːt/ to say or believe that something is the result of a particular
thing
SYNONYMOUS PHRASES
1. ATTRIBUTE sth TO sb/sth
She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.
2. ASCRIBE sth TO sb/sth
To what do you ascribe the enormous success of your latest book?
3. IMPUTE sth TO sb/sth
I denied the motives that my employer was imputing to me.
4. CHALK sth UP TO sth
We can chalk that win up to a lot of luck.
5. PUT sth DOWN TO sth
We lost a lot of money, but we just put it down to experience (= chalk it up to
experience).
6. sth BE ACCREDITED TO sb
The discovery of distillation is usually accredited to the Arabs of the 11th
century.
7. sb BE ACCREDITED WITH sth
The Arabs are usually accredited with the discovery of distillation.
noun /ˈætrɪbjuːt/ a quality or characteristic that someone or something has
Organizational ability is an essential attribute for a good manager.
attributable (adj) attributable to somebody/something probably caused by
the thing mentioned
1
Their illnesses are attributable to a poor diet.
attribution (n) the act of saying or thinking that something is the result or
work of a particular person or thing
The usual attribution of the work to Leonardo is now disputed by several
experts.
2. BOOST /buːst/
(v) to improve or increase something
boost somebody’s confidence/morale/ego
(n) something that helps or encourages somebody/something SYN booster
a great/tremendous/welcome boost/booster
The tax cuts will give a much needed boost to the economy.
booster seat (n) GHẾ NÂNG (dành cho trẻ nhỏ)
3. DIETARY /ˈdaɪəteri/
(adj) connected with or contained in the food that you eat and drink regularly
dietary advice/changes/habits
diet (n)
1
the food and drink that you eat and drink regularly
to eat a healthy, balanced diet
I loved the Japanese diet of rice, vegetables and fish.
2
a time when you only eat this limited variety or amount
He followed a strict low-fat diet.
diet (v) = be/go on a diet = slim
She's always dieting/slimming but she never seems to lose any weight.
dieter (n) a person who is trying to lose weight on a diet
dietician/dietitian (n) SYN nutritionist
2
a diet of something (disapproving) a large amount of a limited range of
activities
Children today are brought up on a diet of video games and TV on demand.
a staple diet (of something) the food that a person or an animal normally
eats
a staple diet of meat and potatoes
Bamboo is the panda's staple diet.
(figurative) Sex and violence seem to be the staple diet of television drama.
4. IMMUNE SYSTEM
immune (adj) /ɪˈmjuːn/ that cannot catch or be affected by a particular
disease or illness
+ immune TO sth: unaffected by
Adults are often immune to German measles.
You'll eventually become immune to criticism.
+ immune FROM sth: exempt from
No one should be immune from prosecution.
immunity (n)
immunize (v) immunize sb/sth (against sth) to protect a person or an
animal from a disease, especially by giving them an injection of a vaccine
a campaign to immunize children against the common killer diseases
immunization (n)
an immunization programme to prevent epidemics
immunodeficiency (n) a medical condition in which your body does not
have the normal ability to resist infection
HIV stands for “Human Immunodeficiency Virus”.
5. LIFE EXPECTANCY /ˈlaɪf ɪkspektənsi/
3
(n) expectation of life
expectancy (n) the state of expecting or hoping that something, especially
something good or exciting, will happen
There was an air of expectancy among the waiting crowd.
expectation (n) a belief that something will happen because it is likely
She had a legitimate expectation that her application would succeed.
The event did not live up to expectations.
expectant (adj) thinking that something pleasant or exciting is going to
happen
the children's expectant faces
expectant mother/father/parent used to describe somebody who is going to
have a baby soon or become a father
Smoking by expectant mothers may increase the chances of brain damage in
their babies.
expectantly (adv)
He looked expectantly at Sarah, but she didn’t speak.
expected ≠ unexpected (adj)
The painting sold for three times the expected price.
The news was disappointing but not unexpected.
unexpectedly (adv)
She showed up unexpectedly at the match.
the unexpected (n) a thing that surprises you because you were not
expecting it
Police officers must be prepared for the unexpected.
I expect (not used in the progressive tenses)
used when you think something is probably true
‘Will you be late?’ ‘I expect so.’
‘Are you going out tonight?’ ‘I don't expect so.’
expect (that…) ‘Who’s eaten all the cake?’ ‘Tom, I expect/I expect it was
Tom.’
4
(only) to be expected = normal and what usually happens
All parents of small children get tired. It's to be expected.
A little tiredness after taking these drugs is to be expected.
be expecting (a baby) = to be pregnant
She shouldn't be lifting those boxes if she's expecting.
6. MEDITATION /ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn/
(n) the practice of focusing your mind in silence, especially for religious reasons
or in order to make your mind calm
She found peace through yoga and meditation.
meditate (v)
1
to think calm thoughts in order to relax or as a religious activity:
Sophie meditates for 20 minutes every day.
2
to think seriously about something for a long time:
He meditated on the consequences of his decision
meditative (adj) thinking very deeply; involving deep thought
SYN thoughtful
She found him in a meditative mood.
a meditative poem
7. NATURAL REMEDY (n)
remedy (n) /ˈrem.ə.di/
1
solution
There is no simple remedy for unemployment.
2
a treatment or medicine to cure a disease or reduce pain that is not very
serious
5
an excellent home remedy for sore throats
remedy (v) remediate, put right, ratify
This mistake must be remedied immediately.
remedial (adj) aimed at solving a problem, especially when this involves
correcting or improving something that has been done wrong
to take urgent/immediate remedial action
The bill requires owners to undertake remedial work on dilapidated
buildings.
(ir)remediable (adj) (in)curable
8, 9. NUTRITION
(UN) /nuˈtrɪʃn/ the process of giving or getting the right type of food for good
health and growth
Nutrition and exercise are essential to fitness and health.
malnutrition (n)
nutritious (adj) (of food) very good for you; containing many of the
substances which help the body to grow
SYN nourishing
tasty and nutritious/nourishing meals
6
nutrient (n) a substance that is needed to keep a living thing alive and to
help it to grow
a lack of essential nutrients
Plants draw minerals and other nutrients from the soil.
children suffering from a serious nutrient deficiency
nutritional (adj)
the nutritional value of milk
nutritionally (adv)
a nutritionally balanced menu
nutritionist (n) dietitian/dietician
10. PRESCRIPTION MEDICINE (n)
prescribe (v) /prɪˈskraɪb/
1
(of a doctor) to say what medical treatment someone should have:
I've been prescribed painkillers.
2
SYN stipulate
Penalties for not paying taxes are prescribed by law.
[ + that ] The law prescribes that all children must go to school.
[ + question word ] Grammatical rules prescribe how words may be used
together.
prescriptive (adj) saying exactly what must happen, especially by giving an
instruction or making a rule (formal mainly disapproving)
Most teachers think the government's guidelines on homework are too
prescriptive.
11. STRESS-FREE
(adj) not causing or feeling any stress
I taught in a happy and stress-free environment.
7
stressed (out) (adj) worried and nervous
The kids are sick, I just lost my baby-sitter, and our toilet doesn’t work – no
wonder I feel stressed-out!
stressful (adj) causing a lot of worry
a stressful job
12. WORKOUT
(n) /ˈwɜːrkaʊt/ a period of physical exercise that you do to keep fit
She does a 20-minute workout every morning.
When I do a good workout, I feel fine.
work out (phr.v)
1. I work out (exercise) regularly to keep fit.
2. Things have worked out quite well (develop in a successful way) for us.
3. This all works out to (amounts to) around $11 000.
4. It'll work out cheaper (be cheaper) to travel by bus.
5. I've never been able to work her out (understand her).
6. to work out a problem (solve a problem)
7. Can you work out what (find the answer to what) these squiggles mean?
