d'n'sL P]g

-ldlt @)&$ ;fn k'if d;fGt;Dd ePsf ;+zf]wg ;d]t ldnfOPsf]_

g]kfn ;/sf/
sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno
l;+xb/af/

 gf]6M s]xL g]kfn sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg, PsLs/0f, ;dfof]hg / vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&$
;+jt\ @)&% ebf} ! af6 k|f/De ePkl5 of] P]g vf/]h x'g] .
 d'n'sL P]g
nfndf]x/ / k|sfzg ldlt
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g @)!(.!@.#)
!= d'n'sL -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)@! @)@!.^.!&
@= s/f/ ;DaGwL P]g, @)@# @)@#.^.(
#= d'n'sL -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)@$ @)@$.^.!!
$= d'n'sL -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)@% @)@%.&.(
%= d'n'sL -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)@& @)@&.%.!)
^= d'n'sL -kf“rf}+ ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)#! @)#!.^.@)
&= k|df0f P]g, @)#! @)#!.&.%
*= d'n'sL -5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)## @)##.$.@*
(= d'n'sL -;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)#$ @)#$.(.@&
!)= d'n'sL -cf7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$@ @)$@.^.@#
!!= d'n'sL -gjf}+ ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$# @)$#.&.@$
!@= s]xL g]kfn sfg"g vfl/h ug]{ P]g, @)$& @)$&.#.@*
!#= cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& @)$&.$.!)
!$= s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)$* @)$(.!.*
!%= afnaflnsf ;DaGwL P]g, @)$* @)$(.@.&
!^= d'n'sL -bzf}+ ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%) @)%).(.%
!&= s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%% @)%%.!).&
!*= kz' jwzfnf / df;' hf“r P]g, @)%% @)%%.!@.*
!(= b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%% @)%^.!.!^
@)= s/f/ P]g, @)%^ @)%&.#.!$
@!= cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn
P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* @)%(.%.@&
@@= d'n'sL -P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%* @)%(.^.!)
k|df0fLs/0f / k|sfzg ldlt
@#= s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# @)^#.^.@*
@$= n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# @)^#.&.!&
@%= d'n'sL -afx|f}+ ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)^$ @)^$.*.!$

@^= u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ @)^^.!).&
@&= hflto e]befj tyf 5'jf5't -s;"/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)^* @)^*.@.!*
@*= af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k -s;"/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)&@ @)&@.$.!*
@(= n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{
s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ @)&@.^.!$
#)= s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg tyf vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&@ @)&@.^.!$
#!= s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ @)&@.!!.!#

@)!( ;fnsf] P]g g+= ^&

====================

 of] P]g @)^%.@.!% b]lv nfu" ePsf] .

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

(1)
 k|:tfjgf
zf:qaf6 dfq sfnsf k|efjn] ;a} Jojxf/ rNg g;Sbf 5f]6f a8f
;a}nfO{ s;"/ cg';f/ Ps} ;hfo xf];\ 36L a9L gk/f];\ eGgf lgldQ xfd|f dxfg\
k"j{h tTsflng >L % af6 p;avtsf k|fOdldlgi6/nfO{ x's'd aS;“bf agL tof/
eO{ ;+jt\ !(!) ;fn kf}if alb & /f]hsf lbgb]lv rnL cfO/x]sf] d'n'sL P]gdf b]z
sfn kl/l:ylt cg';f/ a]nf a]nfdf yk36 ;+zf]wg x'“b} cfPsf] ;a} Pslqt u/L
ldnfO{ jt{dfg /fhg}lts cfly{s / ;fdflhs Joj:yfsf] ljrf/af6 cfjZos
b]lvPsf] c? klg ;+zf]wg u/L g]kfn =========== df lr/sfn;Dd zflGt /
Joj:yf sfod /fVg] / ljleGg ju{, hft, hflt / If]qsf hgtfsf] ;';DaGw agfO{
/fVg] ;d]tsf] dxfg\ p2]Zon] xfdL >L % dxf/fhflw/fh dx]Gb| jL/ ljqmd
zfxb]jaf6 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (# cg';f/ of] P]g agfO{ hf/L ul/aS;]sf
5f}+ .
efu !
k|f/lDes sygsf]
! g+= .. .. o; P]gnfO{ æd'n'sL P]gÆ elgg]5 .
@ g+= .. .. of] d'n'sL P]g g]kfn ============ e/ ;+jt\\ @)@) ;fn
efb| ! ut]b]lv k|f/De x'g]5 .
# g+= .. .. ljifo jf k|;·n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df of] d'n'sL P]gdf–
-s_ æg]kfnÆ eGgfn] g]kfn /fHo ;Demg' k5{,
-v_ æsfg"gÆ eGgfn] tTsfn k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g ;Demg' k5{,
-u_ æc8\8fÆ eGgfn] cbfnt ;d]t ;Demg' k5{,
-3_ æxflsdÆ eGgfn] GofofwLz ;d]t ;Demg' k5{, /
-ª_ ægfln;Æ eGgfn] ph"/ ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf k|x/L k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;d]t hgfp“5 .
$ g+= .. .. ljifo ljifodf 5'§f 5'§} ag]sf sfg"gdf n]lvP hltdf
;f]xL sfg"g adf]lhd / ;f] sfg"gdf gn]lvPsf]df oxL d'n'sL P]g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
efu @
dxn !
cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf]
! g+= .. .. s'g} sfg"gn] s'g} d'2f x]g]{ vf; clwsf/L tf]lsPsf]df
;f]xL clwsf/Ln] / To:tf] s'g} vf; clwsf/L gtf]sL c8\8f dfq tf]lsPsf]df ;f]
c8\8fsf xflsdn] sfg"g adf]lhd d'2fsf] sf/afxL / km};nf ug'{ k5{ .

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f ;+zf]wg .

(2)
 @ g+= .. .. h'g sfuhdf h'g 7fp“df c8\8fsf] 5fk / xflsdsf]
;xL5fk ug'{ eGg] sfg"gdf n]lvPsf]5 ;f] sfuhdf h;sf] Ohnf; jf km};nf xf]
p;}n] ;f] adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . sfg"gdf gv'n]sf]df eg] c8\8fsf] 5fk / xflsdsf]
;xL5fk ug'{ kbf{ ;f]xL sfuhsf] lz/df ug'{ k5{ .
# g+= .. .. c8\8f a;]b]lv aGb geP;Dd c8\8fdf cfkm"n] ug'{ kg]{
c8\8f ;DaGwL sfd s'/f afx]s c? s'g} sfd s'/f jf 7§f d:s/L ug{ / ug{ lbg
;d]t x'“b}g .
$ g+= .. .. d'2fdf / c8\8faf6 ug'{ kg]{ c? sfd s'/fsf] 5nkmn
ubf{ Odfg wd{ ;DemL cfÇgf lrQn] b]v]sf] dgfl;a dflkmssf] s'/f af]Ng x'G5 .
;f] af]Nbf kfnf] kfnf]l;t af]Ng' k5{ . cl3af6 af]Ng]n] af]nL g;sL s'/f sf6L
pl5gf pl5g ug{ jf Pp6f d'2f jf sfd s'/f 5nkmn ul//x]sf] dflg;n] ;f] sfd
5f8L c? s'/fsf] asas ug{ x'“b}g . u/] ;f] ug]{nfO{ ;f] c8\8fsf xflsdsf]
thaLhn] aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g ;Qm5 .
% g+= .. .. c8\8fsf sfdsf] lgldQ rflxg] jf k|df0fsf] lgldQ bflvn
x'g] xltof/ afx]s s;}n] klg c8\8fdf xltof/ lnO{ cfpg x'“b}g . dgfxL ubf{
ha/h:tL u/L NofP ;f] c8\8fsf xflsdsf thaLhn] aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g
;Qm5 . hl/afgf ubf{ klg ha/h:tL u/L NofP ;f] xltof/ hkmt x'g]5 .
^ g+= .. .. c8\8fn] d'2fsf] sf/afxL / km};nf ubf{ v'nf Ohnf;df
ug'{ k5{ . s;}n] c8\8fdf cfO{ a]dgfl;a sfd s'/f u/]df lghnfO{ Ohnf;af6
aflx/ k7fpg ;lsg]5 . ;f] dflg;n] km]/L klg ;f]xL s'/f u/]df lghnfO{ ;f]
c8\8fsf xflsdsf thaLhn] krf; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g ;Qm5 .
& g+= .. .. === === === ===
* g+= .. .. === === === ===
( g+= .. .. b]xfosf d'2fx? kmf}hbf/L / ;f] afx]s c? d'2f b]jfgL
x'g\–
================================== – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
/fhsfh;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
Hofg ;DaGwLsf dxnn] ;hfo x'g] d'2f –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
Onfh ug]{sf] dxnn] ;hfo x'g] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
rf]/Lsf] dxnn] ;hfo x'g] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
7uLsf] dxnn] ;hfo x'g] d'2f – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
uf]jw ;DaGwL d'2f – – –––– –––––––––––––––––– !
cfuf] nufPsf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 sfg"g Joj;foL P]g, @)@% åf/f vf/]h .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

(3)
ufnL a]OHhtLsf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
Ohnf;sf] a]OHhtL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
;/sf/L wgdfn df;]sf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
af“sL gltg]{sf] dxnsf] ( gDa/n] ;hfo x'g] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – !
gkfPsf] ku/L kfP“ egL eg]sf] jf ;f] egL k/ khgL u/]sf] jf dflg;
hDdf u/]sf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
h'jf ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
ljxfj/L ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
s/0fL ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
n'6kL6 d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
s'6kL6 ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
x"nb·f ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
Ho" df:g] a]Rg]sf] dxnn] ;hfo x'g] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
xltof/ vhfgf ;DaGwL d'2f –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
;/sf/L sfuhkq x/fP, bafP jf s}lkmot u/]sf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – !
cfzf}r afg]{ ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
kmls/l;t d'l8Psf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
vf]6f 6s df/]sf] jf rng u/]sf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
3"; d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – !
sLt]{ hfn;fhL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
;jf/L ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
a]/Lt;“u y'Gbfsf] dxnn] ;hfo x'g] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
jg ;DaGwL sfg"gn] ;hfo x'g] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
kz', k+IfL jf hnr/sf] ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfg"gn] ;hfo x'g] d'2f – – – – – – – !
dfly n]lvPsf cltl/Qm ;DklQ jf kbsf] xs ;DaGwL emu8f afx]ssf]
c? d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
!) g+= .. .. k|rlnt sfg"gdf g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] egL n]lvPsf]
d'2fdf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ jfbL sfod u/L d'2fsf] sf/afxL ul/g]5 . ;f] afx]s
d'2fsf] ljifo jf k|s[ltaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jf ;fj{hlgs lxt jf ;/f]s f/ lglxt
/x]sf] d'2f g]kfn ;/sf/n] jf c8\8fsf] cg'dlt lnO{ ;j{;fwf/0f hf] ;'s}n] klg
jfbL e} rnfpg ;Sg]5 . cg'dltsf nflu lgj]bg lb+bf lkm/fbkq ;fy} lbg' k5{ .
To;/L lkm/fbkq ;fy} cg'dltsf] lgj]bg k/]df p;} lbg cg'dltsf] lgj]bgdf lg0f{o
u/L lbg' k5{ . cg'dlt glbPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(4)
  !! g+= .. .. d'2f x]bf{ b]xfosf] k|fyldstfn] sf/afxL ub}{ hf“bf h'g
d'2f klxn] l5Gg c· k'U5 ;f]xL d'2f klxnf lsgf/f ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – –
y'g'jf s}bLsf] y'gf jf s}b k/]sf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – !
j]jfl/;L ;f]x| jif{ d'lgsf] gfafnssf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
tfl/vdf /x]sf] krxQ/ jif{dflysf] a'9fa"9Lsf] / zf/Ll/s czQmtf
ePsf] JolQmsf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
dlxnf jfbL jf k'g/fj]bs ePsf] Gjf/fg u/fO{ kfp“ jf gftf sfod

u/fO{ kfp“ eGg] d'2f –––––––––––––––––––––––$

ljwjf dlxnf jfbL jf k'g/fj]bs ePsf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – $s=

dlxnf jfbL jf k'g/fj]bs ePsf] n}+lus lx+;f jf 3/]n' lx+;f ;DaGwL d'2f –$v=

:ki6Ls/0f M æn}+l·s lx+;fÆ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs jf lghL hLjgdf ln·sf] cfwf/df

s;} k|lt zf/Ll/s, of}ghGo jf dfgl;s Iflt jf kL8f k'/\ofpg] sfo{ ;Demg' k5{
/ ;f] zAbn] ln·sf]] cfwf/df x'g] jf x'g ;Sg] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ckdfghGo,
kL8fhGo jf wDsLk"0f{ Jojxf/, bafa, s/sfk jf :j]R5rf/L ?kdf dlxnfnfO{
:jtGqtfsf] pkef]u ug{af6 al~rt ug]{ s'g} sfo{ ;d]tnfO{ hgfp“5 .
dfly n]lvPsf] / To;kl5 c? d'2fsf xsdf k'/fgf]sf] qmdn] – – – – – – – %
!@ g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] ^% gDa/sf] bkmf ! jf bkmf @ adf]lhd
jfl/; /fVg gkfpg] cj:yfsf emul8ofsf] s'g} csf]{ c8\8fdf klg d'2f k/]sf]
/x]5 eg] jf s'g} Psf c8\8fdf kl//x]sf] d'2fsf] lg0f{o e} g;sL csf]{ c8\8fdf
k/]sf] d'2fsf] lg0f{o x'g g;Sg] /x]5 eg] d]/f o; ldltdf o:tf] d'2f kmnfgf
c8\8fdf k/]sf]5 sfg"g adf]lhd d'ntaL /fvL kfp“ egL b/vf:t n]vL d'2f k/]sf
c8\8fdf lbPdf ;f] c8\8faf6 klg ;f] b/vf:t a'emL emul8ofnfO{ To;sf] lg:;f
lbO{ b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
;f] b/vf:t k/]kl5 h'g c8\8fdf d'2f k/]sf] 5 ;f] c8\8fnfO{ kmnfgfsf]
kmnfgf d'2f o; c8\8fdf k/]sf] 5 egL n]vL p;} c8\8fdf k/]sf] d'ntaL
/fvL cfÇgf] c8\8fdf k/]sf] d'2f l5Gg kg]{ eP o; c8\8fdf k/]sf] d'2f olt
lbg;Dddf l5lgg]5 ;f] gl5lgP;Dd To; c8\8fdf k/]sf] d'2f d'ntaL
/flvlbg' eGg] / cfÇgf c8\8fdf k/]sf] d'2f d'ntaL /fvL p; c8\8fdf k/]sf]
d'2f l5gfpg kg]{ eP o; c8\8fdf k/]sf] d'2f d'ntaL /x]sf]5 To; c8\8fdf
k/]sf] d'2f l5gL l5lgPkl5 hgfp lbg' eGg] Joxf]/f n]vL k7fO{ e/kfO{ lng'

 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f yk .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f yk .
 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lz/ Joxf]/f ;+zf]lwt .

(5)
k5{ . n]lvP adf]lhd d'ntaL /x]kl5 d'ntaL /fVg] c8\8fn] csf]{ c8\8fdf
k/]sf] d'2f l5lgPkl5 sf/afxL ug{ egL krf{ v8f u/L b'a} y/Lsf] tfl/v
lvrL /fVg' k5{ . d'ntaL /lx;s]kl5 cl3af6 l5lgg] d'2fdf ;f] d'ntaL /fVg]
dflg;n] jfl/; u/L k7fof] eg] o; c8\8fdf sf/afxL ePsf] d'2fdf jfl/;
k7fPsf]n] To; c8\8fdf k/]sf] d'2f P]g adf]lhd sf/afxL ug'{ egL jfl/; btf{
x'gf;fy hgfp lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
klxn] l5Gg] c8\8fn] d'2f l5lgP kl5 o; ldltdf l5lgPsf] egL d'ntaL /fVg]
c8\8fnfO{ hgfp / emul8ofnfO{ af6fsf Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq d'ntaL
/fVg] c8\8fdf xflh/ x'g hfg" egL tfl/v tf]sL ;f] tfl/v e/kfO{ hgfp lbg]
n]vf]6;fy d'2f k/]sf c8\8fdf k7fpg' k5{ . d'2f km};nf x'“bf emul8of xflh/
ge} u}/ xflh/ ePsf] jf y'lgPsf] eP emul8ofnfO{ tfl/v tf]Sg kb}{g . u}/
xflh/ ePdf Dofb tfl/v u'h|]sf ldltn] l8;ld; jf PstkmL{ km};nf ug]{ Dofb
gf3]kl5 o; c8\8fsf] Dofb tfl/vdf u}/ xflh/ eof] egL / y'lgPsf]df o;
ldltb]lv o; s'/fn] y'lgof] egL n]vL k7fpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – @
cl3 l5lgg] d'2fdf Dofb tfl/v u'hfg]{n] u'h|]sf] ydfO{ kfpg] Dofb gf3]sf
ldltn], y'lgPsfn] 5'6]sf ldltn] / jfl/; /fVg]n] jfl/; /fv]sf ldltn] af6fsf
Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq d'ntaL /x]sf c8\8fdf xflh/ x'g hfg' k5{ . To:tf]
Dofb tfl/v u'hfg]{ emul8of d'2f d'ntaL /x]sf] c8\8fdf n]lvPsf Dofbleq
xflh/ x'g cfPdf hf] ug'{ kg]{ u/L d'2f l5lglbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – #
emul8of y'lgP s}b k/]sf] hgfp cfPkl5 d'ntaL /fVg] c8\8fn] emul8of
xflh/ ePkl5 dfq sf/afxL u?“nf egL klv{/xg' kb}{g . 5'6] g5'6]sf] a'‰b} /xL
g5'6]sf] jf g5'6\g] cj:yf k/]sf]df ;d]t P]g adf]lhd lemsfpg' kg]{ eP
lemsfO{ hf] ug'{ kg]{ sf/afxL u/L d'2f l5gL P]g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – –$
Dofb tfl/v u'hf/L xflh/ x'g cfpg] d'2f afx]s cl3af6 l5Gg] d'2f l5gL
g;sL emul8of ;fd]n gePklg tfl/v u'hf/L sf/afxL ug{ x'“b}g . cl3 l5Gg]
d'2f gl5lgP;Dd d'ntaL /fVg' k5{ . cfkm"nfO{ n]vL k7fPsf Dofbleq d'2f
gl5gL /fv]sf] eP cl3 l5Gg] c8\8fnfO{ tflstf u/L l5Gg nufO{ cfÇgf
c8\8fdf k/]sf] d'2f x]/L l5lglbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – %
!# g+= .. .. c8\8fn] sfg"g adf]lhd cfkm"n] ug'{ kg]{ sfd sf/afxL
tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ug'{ k5{ . 9Lnf ug'{ x'“b}g . k'g/fj]bg ;fws ;'Gbf jf c8\8f
hf“ra'em ubf{ a]d'gfl;a u/]sf] b]lvof] eg] sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ .
!$ g+= .. .. d'2f ˚};nf ubf{ b]xfodf n]lvPsf] Dofbleq ˚};nf ug{'
k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – –
z'? d'2f ˚};nf ubf{ k|ltjfbL k/]sf] jf kg{] cj:yf k'u]sf] ldltaf6 Ps
jif{leq ˚};nf ug{' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
k'g/fj]bg ˚};nf ubf{ z'? ldl;n k|fKt ePsf] ldltaf6 5 dlxgfleq km};nf
ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @

 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(6)
a'em\g' kg{] k|df0f a'lem;s]kl5 dfly n]lvP adf]lhd ˚};nf ug{] Dofb af“sL
ePklg d'2f ˚};nf ug{nfO{ k}+tL; lbg eGbf l9nf] ug{' x'“b}g – – – – – – – – – #
!% g+= .. .. tf]lsPsf] Dofb tfl/vdf km};nf ug{ / sf/afxL ug{
c8\sg] d'gfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f kl/cfPdf c8\sfpsf] Joxf]/f n]vL cfÇgf]
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fdf Dofbleq} hfx]/ ug'{ k5{ . ;f] c8\8fn] hf“Rbf klg
c8\sfp d'gfl;a 7x/L Ps dlxgf;Dd Dofb yk lbg' kg]{ b]lvPdf Ps k6snfO{
cfkm}n] lbO{ / To;eGbf a9L Dofb yk lbg' kg]{df tf]s af]nL cfkm"eGbf dflyNnf]
txdf hfx]/ ug'{ k5{ . To:tf] hfx]/L cfPdf ;f] dflyNnf] txaf6 hf“Rbf klg
c8\sfp d'gfl;a 7x/L a9L Dofb yk lbg' kg]{ b]lvPdf d'gfl;a dflkmssf] c?
Dofb yk lbO{ ;f] Dofb tfl/vdf sf/afxL km};nf ug{ nfpg' k5{ .
!^ g+= .. .. cfÇgf d'n'ssf csf]{ Onfsfdf k"hL{ k7fO{ tflstf ug'{
kg]{df ;f] klg gu/]sf] jf cfÇg} Onfsfdf ePsf]df vf]htnf; ug'{ kg]{df ;f] klg
ug{ gk7fPsf] jf ljb]zdf k7fpg' kg]{df hf] n]vL k7fpg' k5{ sfg"g adf]lhd ;f]
klg gk7fPsf] /x]5 eg] sf/afxL ul//x]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
!& g+= .. .. k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fn] cfÇgf dftxtsf c8\8fdf
k/]sf d'2fsf] sfd sf/afxLdf Dofb gf3]sf] jf j]l/t ePsf]5 eGg] s'/f
emul8ofsf lgj]bgaf6 jf c? s'g} lsl;d;“u yfxf kfPdf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;f]
d'2fsf] ldl;n ;d]t lemsL kGw| lbg;Dddf s}lkmot tna u/L a'‰bf Dofb
g3fPsf] jf a]/Lt ePsf] b]lvPdf sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ ug{ nfpg' k5{ .
!* g+= .. .. sfg"g adf]lhd /Lt k'u]sf] cfÇgf c8\8fdf btf{ x'g]
lkm/fbkq, k|ltpQ/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq, lgj]bgkq OToflb c8\8fdf bflvn x'gf;fy
t'?Gt btf{ ul/lbg' k5{ . c8\8fdf bflvn ePkl5 /Lt k'¥ofO{ >]:tfdf gbl/Psf]
sf/0fn] dfq Dofb hfg ;Sb}g .
!( g+= .. .. cfÇgf c8\8fdf cfPsf sfuhx?sf] t'?Gt dha'g a'emL
sfg"g adf]lhd hf] ug'{ kg]{ xf] ;f] s'/f vf]nL n]vL / >]:tfdf btf{ ePsf] ldlt
;d]t hgfO{ xflsdn] b:tvt ug'{ k5{ .
@) g+= .. .. gfln; k/L jf c? c8\8faf6 ;/L cfPdf d'2fdf ;d]t
kmnfgf / kmnfgfsf] kmnfgf d'2f eGg] kf]:tLdf n]vL ldl;n v8f u/L qmd};“u
gDa/ r9fO{ ;f] gDa/ / jfbL kmnfgf k|ltjfbL kmnfgfsf] kmnfgf ldltdf bflvn
ePsf] kmnfgf d'2f eGg] ;d]t hgfO{ lstfadf gDa/};“u bg]{ ug'{ k5{ . km};nf
ePkl5 kmnfgf ldltdf km};nf ePsf] eGg] ;d]t hgfO{ ;f] ldl;nnfO{ ldlt /
gDa/sf] qmd};“u /fVg' k5{ .
@! g+= .. .. d'2f bfo/ ePkl5 d'2} lkR5] o;} gDa/df n]lvPsf
gd"gf adf]lhdsf] tfobftL kmf/fd v8f u/L bflvnf ldltsf gDa/;“u sfuhlkR5]
gDa/ r9fO{ kmf/fddf btf{ u/L ;xL5fk u/L ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' k5{ . d'2f
l5lgPkl5 d'ntaL, sfd af“sL ldl;n / klxnf v08sf] sfuh afx]s c? bf];|f]
v08df n]lvPsf sfuh hlt d'2f km};nf e} emul8ofn] k'g/fj]bg lbg] Dofb
gf3]sf] kf“r jif{kl5 / t];|f] v08df n]lvPsf] sfuh hlt Ps jif{kl5 /2L u/L
sfg"g adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL ug'{ k5{ . emul8ofn] bflvn u/]sf] ;Ssn sfuh
hlt lng cfPsf avt lkmtf{ lbO{ e/kfO{ lnO{ tfobftL kmf/fddf ;d]t s}lkmot

(7)
hgfO{ /fVg' k5{ . P]gsf xbDofbleq d'2f bfo/ gePsf] 3f hf“rsf] sfuh /
lgj]bg cfb]z jif{sf] Ps k6s tfobftL u/L dfly n]lvP adf]lhd /2L u/L lnnfd
laqmL ug'{ k5{ .

(8)
tfobftL kmf/fdsf] gd"gf–
kmnfgf ;fnsf] d'2f gDa/ kmnfgf
kmnfgf ldltdf kmnfgf c8\8fdf k/] jf ;/]sf] kmnfgfsf] / kmnfgfsf] kmnfgf
d'2fsf] ldl;nsf] tfobftL – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
slxNo} g;8fpg] – – kf“r jif{ k'u]kl5 ;8fpg] – Ps jif{ k'u]kl5 ;8fpg] –
gDa/ sfuh gDa/ sfuh gDa/ sfuh
! kmnfgfsf] kmnfgf ^ kmnfgfsf] kmnfgf @ kmnfgf kmnfgf
ldltsf] lkm/fbkq jf ldltsf] aGb;jfn emul8ofsf] gfp“sf]
ph"/L cfb]z aofg – & kmnfgfsf] ;fIfL tfl/v krf{
# sf/0fLsf] gfp“sf] kmnfgfsf] kmnfgf % kmnfgf ;fIfLsf
kmnfgf ldltdf tfd]n ldltsf] askq – gfp“sf] tfd]nL
ePsf] Dofb ;dfJxfg * kmnfgf ;d]tsf] ;dfJxfg–
jf Otnfogfdf – – – kmnfgf ldltsf]
$ kmnfgfsf] kmnfgf d'r'Nsf – – –
ldltsf] k|ltpQ/kq jf !! kmnfgf ldltsf]
aofg – – – – cfb]z
( kmnfgfn] bflvn u/]sf]
kmnfgf ldltsf] of]
o:tf] ;Ssn lnvt –
!) kmnfgf ;d]t olt
hgfsf] ;xL5fk k/]sf]
gS;f sfuh –
!@ kmnfgf kmnfgfsf]
kmnfgf ldltsf]
ldnfkq – – – –
!# kmnfgf c8\8fsf]
kmnfgf ldltsf] km};nf
jf clGtd cfb]z – –
b:tvt kmnfgf b:tvt kmnfgf b:tvt kmnfgf
k'g/fj]bgaf6 yk k'g/fj]bgaf6 yk k'g/fj]bgaf6 yk
! kmnfgf ldltsf] @ kmnfgfsf] kmnfgf
kmnfgfsf] k'g/fj]bgkq ldltsf] wghdfgL
kq
$ hUufsf] gS;f –
% kmnfgf ldltsf] # tfl/v krf{sf]
l8;ld; jf km};nf e/kfO{ b:tvt
b:tvt kmnfgf b:tvt kmnfgf kmnfgf

(9)
 @@ g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] @! gDa/df ldl;n sfuh /2L u/L lnnfd
laqmL ug]{ ljifodf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfodf n]lvPsf lsl;dsf
d'2fx? afx]s c? lsl;dsf d'2fsf] ldl;nsf xsdf ;f] d'2f l5lgPkl5
k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb gf3L k'g/fj]bg gnfUg] cj:yf k'u]sf] ldltn] ljuf] e/L e/fp
ug'{ kg]{ d'2fsf] ldl;n afx| jif{ gf3]kl5 / ljuf] e/L e/fp ug'{ gkg]{ d'2fsf]
ldl;n kf“r jif{ gf3]kl5 lstfa v8f u/L ;f] lstfadf jfbL k|ltjfbLx? ;a}sf]
k"/f gfd, jtg, d'2fsf] ljifo gfd / k/] l5lgPsf] ldlt / l5Gg] c8\8fsf] gfd
n]vL xflsd / xflsd eGbf d'lgsf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bhf{sf] sd{rf/Ln] b:tvt u/L
tfobftL kmf/fdsf] klxnf v08sf] sfuhdWo] emul8ofnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{ sfuh
afx]s ;f] ldl;nsf c? ;a} sfuh /2L u/L sfg"g adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL ug'{ k5{
/ ;f] lstfa a/a'emf/ydf rnfpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
============================== – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
/fhsfh ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
Hofg ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
rf]/Lsf] dxnn] ;hfo x'g] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
uf}aw ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
xf8gftf s/0fL ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
h'jf ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
sLt]{ hfn;fhL / s/sfk ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
ljxfj/L d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
dgfxL ePsf] dfn v/Lb laqmL u¥of] jf agfof] eGg] d'2f – – – – – – – – – !
Gjf/fg u/L kfp“ jf c? g} gftf ;DaGw sfod u/L kfp“ eGg] d'2f – – – – !
;/sf/L 7]s af“sL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
hUuf jf afnL ljifosf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
ck'tfnL ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
c+z jf c+z bkf]6 ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
Ho"gL jf dfgf rfdn ljifosf] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
bfg as; ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
wd{k'q ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
u'7L jf u'7L bkf]6 d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
3/ k;n ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
bfdf;fxL ljifosf] d'2f – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
crn ;DklQ aGws n]lvPsf] n]gb]g d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
s'nf] jf af6f] lgsf; ;DaGwL d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(10)
lhldbf/L tfn'sbf/L d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
@# g+= .. .. c8\8fdf /x]sf] sfuh ldl;nx? s;}n] x/fpg, gf:g jf
rf]g{ x'“b}g . sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ rNtL ldl;n / k|df0f nfUg] ;d]t sfuhx?df
sfg"g adf]lhd /Lt k'u]sf] gSsn /x]sf] jf k|df0fnfO{ xflg gx'g] sfuh ldl;n
x/fpg] gf:g]nfO{ / a]rNtL sfuh jf km};nf ldl;n ;Ssn x/fpg] gf:g]nfO{
ldl;n} x/fPdf bz xhf/ ?k}of“, k|df0f nfUg] sfuh x/fPdf kf“r xhf/ ?k}of“
/ c? ;fgfltgf sfuh x/fPdf Ps xhf/ ?k}of“ hl/afgf x'g]5 . sfg"g adf]lhd
/Lt k'u]sf] k|df0f nfUg ;Sg] gSsn gePsf] rNtL ;Ssn sfuh ldl;n
x/fpg]nfO{ ldl;n} x/fPdf aL; xhf/ ?k}of“, k|df0f nfUg] sfuh x/fPdf bz
xhf/ ?k}of“ / c? ;fgfltgf sfuh x/fPdf b'O{ xhf/ ?k}of“ hl/afgf x'g]5 .
s}lkmot u/L u/]sf] /x]5 eg] rNtL a]rNtL h:tf] lsl;dsf] sfuh ldl;n x/fP
gf;]sf] ePklg ;f] ug]{ u/fpg]nfO{ x/fPsf]af6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jf b'lgof“sf] ljuf]
gf]S;fg ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] gf]S;fgL ljuf] pk/ u/L lnO{ jf e/fO{ ljuf] adf]lhd
hl/afgf u/L ;f] hl/afgf jfktdf s}b / ljuf] gf]S;fg gePsf] / ljuf] gf]S;fg
gx'g] /x]5 eg] Ps jif{ s}b x'g]5 . rf]/L u/]sf] /x]5 eg] dfly n]lvPsf ;hfodf
yk b'O{ xhf/ ?k}of“ hl/afgf ;d]t x'g]5 .
@$ g+= .. .. h'g;'s} s'/fdf ePklg ;f]x| jif{ gk'u]sf gfafnssf] /
pd]/ k'u]sf ePklg s'g} lsl;dsf] /f]un] xf]z 7]ufgfdf gePsf jf af}nfPsf
dflg; ;d]tsf] sfuh lng' jf u/fpg' kbf{ p;sf] ;+/Ifs jf xsjfnf g/fvL s'g}
sfuh lng' u/fpg' x'“b}g, ;f]x| jif{ gk'u]sf] ePklg Hofgdf/f, rf]/L jf s/0fL ug]{
ug{ nfpg] dflg;sf] c8\8faf6 sfuh u/fpg' kbf{ eg] ;+/Ifs jf xsjfnf eP
lghnfO{ /fvL / geP p;}sf] dfq sfuh u/fpg klg x'G5 . ;+/Ifs jf xsjfnf
/fvL sfuh u/fPsf]df of] d]/f] o; lsl;dsf] dflg;n] d]/f] ;fd'Gg]df eg] adf]lhd
n]vL ;xL5fk u/]sf] ;f“rf] xf] egL ;f] sfuhsf] lsgf/fdf ;f] ;+/Ifs jf
xsjfnfsf] klg ;xL5fk u/fpg' k5{ . sfuh u/fp“bf s;}nfO{ klg hf]/h'n'd
s/sfk u/L sfuh u/fpg' x'“b}g . u/] ab/ x'G5 . n]lvP adf]lhd afx]s cfgf
v'zL/fhLn] hfgL a'emL ;xL5fk xfn]kl5 ;f] sfuh ;b/ x'G5 .
@% g+= .. .. cGwf cGwL / jSs nf6f nf6Lsf] sfuh u/fpg' kbf{
pgLx?sf] ;+/Ifs jf xsjfnf eP lghnfO{ / geP lgh} cGwf cGwL, nf6f nf6Ln]
/f]h]sf ;/hdLgsf dflg; /fvL cGwf cGwLn] eg] adf]lhd / nf6f nf6Ln] Ozf/f
u/] adf]lhd /fd|f] tj/af6 Ozf/f a'emL sfuh u/fO{ n]lvP adf]lhd sfuh ePsf]
xf] eGg] ;/hdLg jf ;+/Ifs jf xsjfnfsf] klg ;f]xL sfuhdf ;xL5fk u/fO{
/fVg' k5{ .
@^ g+= .. .. c8\8fdf btf{ x'g] jf c8\8faf6 ug]{ u/fpg] u}x|
sfuhdf sfuh u/L lbg]sf] olt jif{sf] eGg] pd]/ v'nfO{ lng' k5{ . ;f] pd]/
n]lvPsf]df sf/0fL g} c8\8fdf xflh/ ePsf]df pd]/ b'?:t eP b'?:t 5 eGg] /
b'?:t gePdf o;sf] pd]/ olt xf]nf eGg] ;f]xL sfuhsf] lz/df n]vL xflsdsf]
b:tvt u/L /fVg' k5{ . sf/0fL xflh/ ge} jfl/;åf/f k/]sf]df eP of] n]lvPsf]

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
;+zf]lwt .

(11)
pd]/ b'?:t 5 eGg] jfl/;nfO{ n]vfO{ ;xL5fk u/fO{ /fVg' k5{ . pd]/ 9f“6L n]vL
lbg]nfO{ aL; ?k}of“;Dd ;f]xL c8\8fsf xflsdsf thaLhn] hl/afgf x'g]5 .
@& g+= .. .. c8\8fdf btf{ ug{ NofPsf] sfuhkqdf cIf/ a'lemg] u/L
ykL s]/L btf{ ug{ NofPdf ;xL5fk u/fO{ ln+bf of] of] kª\lStdf of] of] cIf/ yk]
jf s]/]sf]5 egL ;f]xL sfuhsf] lsgf/fdf c8\8}af6 n]vL btf{ u/fpg Nofpg]sf]
;xL5fk u/fO{ c8\8fsf] xflsdn] b:tvt u/L btf{ ug]{ ug'{ k5{ . btf{ ug{ gx'g]
eP h'g sf/0fn] btf{ ug{ gx'g] xf] ;f] sf/0f :ki6 v'nfO{ ;f] sfuhs} kL7df n]vL
ldlt ;d]t xfnL c8\8fsf xflsdn] b:tvt u/L btf{ ug{ Nofpg]sf] e/kfO{ u/fO{
sfuh lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ .
@* g+= .. .. h'g;'s} sfuh ePklg /Lt k'uL c8\8fdf bflvn btf{
ePkl5 lkmtf{ lbO{ csf]{ ;f6L lbg lng / c° cIf/ ykL d]6L s]/L 36L a9L kfg{ x'“b}g .
@( g+= .. .. d'2f x]bf{ b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhdsf] d'2f b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] Onfsfsf] c8\8faf6 dfq x]g'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
b]jfgL d'2fdf b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
hUuf bkf]6, lt/f] bkf]6 / s'nf] ;f“w af6f] lgsf; ;lGw;k{gsf] d'2f /
lkm/fbkqsf] ?kaf6 hUuf, 3/ jf 7fp“ hf“Rg' kg]{ b]lvPsf] jf lkm/fbkqdf
n]lvPsf] ?kn] hUuf, 3/ hf“Rg' gkg]{ b]vL d'2f bfo/ ePsf]df k|ltpQ/sf
?kaf6 hUuf jf 3/} hf“rL dfq km};nf x'g] b]lvPsf] ;d]t d'2fdf ;f] 3/
hUufx? /x]sf] 7fp“sf] Onfsfsf] c8\8faf6 x]g'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – !
o;} bkmfsf] b]xfo bkmf ! df n]lvPsf] afx]s c? u}x| d'2fdf h'g 7fp“df sfd
ePsf]5 ;f] 7fp“sf] Onfsfsf] c8\8f jf k|ltjfbL /x]sf] Onfsfsf] c8\8fdWo]
hxf“ lkm/fbkq lbG5 ;f]xL 7fp“sf] c8\8faf6 x]g'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – @
jfbL k|ltjfbL b'a} y/n] tn # bkmfdf n]lvP afx]s g]kfn ;/xbleq c?
7fp“df n]gb]g sf/jf/ u/]sf]df ;f] sf/jf/ u/]sf] Onfsf jf jfbL /x]sf]
Onfsfsf] c8\8fdWo] hxf“ lkm/fbkq lbG5 ;f]xL c8\8faf6 x]g'{ k5{ – – – – – #
ljb]zdf n]gb]g sf/jf/ u/]sf]df n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] dxn adf]lhd gfln;
nfUg]df k|ltjfbL /x]sf] jf jfbL /x]sf] Onfsfsf] c8\8fdWo] hxf“ lkm/fbkq
lbG5 ;f]xL c8\8faf6 x]g'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – $
o;} bkmfsf b]xfo bkmf @.#.$ df n]lvPsf s'/fdf b'j} y/ emul8of cGoq
a]Onfsfdf uO{ a;]sf /x]5g\ eg] ;f] a;]s} Onfsfsf] c8\8faf6 klg gfln;
lnO{ sf/afxL ug{ x'G5 . k|ltpQ/ gkb}{ k|ltjfbLn] jf k|ltpQ/ u/]kl5 b'j}
y/n] Onfsfsf] c8\8fdf ;f/L kfp“ egL b/vf:t lbPsf]df / b'a} y/ emul8of
;f] a;]sf] 7fp“ 5f8L uPkl5 eg] Onfsfsf] c8\8fd} k7fO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – %
kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – @
============================= /fhsfh ;DaGwL d'2f g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf]

c8\8faf6 x]g'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

(12)
b]xfosf d'2f ck/fw ePsf] Onfsfsf] c8\8faf6 x]g'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – @
Hofg ;DaGwLsf] dxnn] ;hfo x'g] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
ha/h:tL s/0fL d'2f –––––––––––––––––––––––!
rf]/Lsf] dxnn] ;hfo x'g] d'2f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
cfuf] nufPsf] d'2f ––––––––––––––––––––––––!
uf}aw ;DaGwL d'2f ––––––––––––––––––––––––!
;/sf/L jf c? ;fj{hlgs wgdfn gf]S;fg jf lxgfldgf u/]sf] d'2f – – – – !
xltof/ vhfgf ;DaGwL d'2f ––––––––––––––––––––!
vf]6f 6s df/]sf] jf vf]6f rng u/]sf] d'2f –––––––––––––!
;/sf/L 5fk b:tvt jf ;f] 5fk b:tvt ePsf] sfuh jf ;/sf/L sfddf
s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf] 5fk b:tvt ePsf] sfuh sLt]{ u/]sf] d'2f – – – – !
cbnsf] dxnsf] ! gDa/n] ;hfo x'g] d'2f ––––––––––––––!
h'jf ;DaGwL d'2f –––––––––––––––––––––––––!
o;} bkmfsf] b]xfo bkmf @ df n]lvP afx]s c? kmf}hbf/L d'2f ck/fw ePsf
Onfsf jf k|ltjfbL /x]sf] Onfsfsf] c8\8fdWo] hxf“ lkm/fbkq lbG5 ;f]xL
c8\8faf6 x]g'{ k5{ ––––––––––––––––––––––––#
dfly bkmf bkmfdf k|ltjfbL /x]sf] 7fp“ eGgfn] k|ltjfbL 3/€f/ u/L a;]sf] jf
;/sf/L hflu/ vfO{ a;]sf] 7fp“ ;Demg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
dfly bkmf bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd k|ltjfbL /x]sf Onfsfsf] c8\8fdf gfln;
lb+bf k|ltjfbL a]Unf a]Un} Onfsfsf w]/}hgf ePsf]df h'g Onfsfdf w]/}hgf
k|ltjfbL /x]sf 5g\ ;f]xL Onfsfsf c8\8fdf gfln; lbg' k5{ . Onfsf lkR5]
k|ltjfbL a/fa/ /x]sf] eP h'g Onfsfsf] c8\8fdf lbP klg x'G5 – – – – – – $
s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] gfln; jf k|ltpQ/kq lbg' kbf{ lgh axfn /x]sf] jf
sfh vl6Psf] Onfsfsf] glhsdf To; lsl;dsf] d'2f x]g]{ c8\8f eP ;f]xL
c8\8fdf / To:tf] c8\8f geP To:tf] c8\8fsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8f eP ;f]
c8\8fdf / ;f] klg geP glhssf] c? c8\8fdf lbg x'G5 . ;f] adf]lhd
gfln; jf k|ltpQ/kq lbg NofPsf]df lnO{ lghnfO{ ;f]xL c8\8fdf tfl/vdf
/fvL gfln; jf k|ltpQ/kq Onfsfsf] ;DalGwt c8\8fdf rnfg u/L k7fO{
lbg' k5{ . ;f] d'2f sf/afxL ug]{ c8\8fn] hflu/ ePsf Onfsfdf tfl/vdf /xg]
emul8ofnfO{ ;Ssn sfuh b]vfO{ sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ ePdf lemsfO{ aofg
u/fpg x'G5 . To;/L lemsfOPdf d'2f sf/afxL x'g] c8\8fdf cfkm} hfg' k5{ jf
P]g adf]lhd jfl/; k7fpg' k5{ . hflu/] ePsf Onfsfsf] c8\8fsf] tfl/vdf
/x]sf]df tfl/v 5f]8]df ;f] s'/fsf] hgfp ;DalGwt c8\8fn] d'2f k/]sf]
c8\8fnfO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f] sd{rf/L tfl/vdf /x]sf] c8\8fsf] Onfsfaf6 csf]{
Onfsfdf sfhdf v6L uPdf ;f] c8\8fn] lgh sfhdf vl6Psf] Onfsfsf]
c8\8fdf tfl/v ;f/L lbO{ d'2f k/]sf] c8\8fnfO{ ;f] s'/fsf] hgfp lbg' k5{ – – %

(13)
jfbL k|ltjfbL hflu/] ePsf Onfsfsf] c8\8faf6 d'2f x]l/Psf]df of] d'2f xfd|f
3/åf/ ePsf Onfs}sf] c8\8faf6 x]/L kfp“ egL b'j} y/n] b/vf:t lbP eg]
k|df0f a'lem;sL l5lgg] cj:yf k'u]sf]df afx]s c?df ;f] d'2fdf dfly !.@ bkmf
adf]lhdsf] h'g Onfsfdf k7fpg b'j} y/ d~h'/ x'G5g\ ;f]xL Onfsfsf]
c8\8fdf k7fO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ^
Onfsf afx]s a]Onfsfsf] c8\8fdf lkm/fbkq lbg NofPdf Onfsf kg]{ kmnfgf
c8\8fdf hfg' egL ;f] lkm/fbkqsf] kL7df n]vL 5fk nufO{ t'?Gt lkmtf{ lbg'
k5{ . P]g adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq lbg NofPdf Onfsfsf c8\8faf6 ;f] b/kL7
ePs} lkm/fbkq lbP klg lnO{ d'2f x]l/lbg' k5{ . lkm/fbkq btf{ eO{;s]kl5 dfly
bkmf bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd c? c8\8fdf k7fp“bf klg tfl/vdf /xg] emul8ofnfO{
tfl/v tf]sL h'g c8\8faf6 ;f] d'2f x]g'{ kg]{ xf] ;f] c8\8faf6 a'emL sfg"g
adf]lhd ug'{ egL c8\8fsf] n]vf]6;fy k7fpg' k5{ . c8\8fn] klg ;f] cfPsf]
d'2f a'emL cfkm"n] x]g'{ gkg]{ eP tfklg lkmtf{ ug{ x'“b}g . afwf k/] cfgf]
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8f dfkm{t hfx]/ u/L lgsf;f eO{ cfP adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
lgsf;f lbg] c8\8faf6 klg P]g adf]lhd hf] dgfl;a xf] tf]sL k7fO{lbg' k5{ – – &
c8\8f ;DaGwL sfd s'/fdf ;/sf/L sd{rf/L pk/ jf To:tf sd{rf/Lsf

;fy cGo JolQmx? ;d]t pk/ gfln; lbg' kbf{ dfly bkmf bkmfdf h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] d'2f jfbL /x]sf] jf ;f] sfd s'/f eP u/]sf]
Onfsfsf] pRr cbfntdf lbg' k5{ / ;f] adf]lhdsf] d'2fdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{
tfl/vdf /fVg kb}{g –––––––––––––––––––––*
Onfsf gkg]{ 7fp“nfO{ Onfsf xf] egL 9f“6L gfln; lbg]nfO{ / Onfsf 9f“6]sf]
egL em'§f ph"/ ug]{nfO{ kf“r ?k}of“ hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . Onfsf 9f“6L gfln;
lbPsf]df gfln; lbg] xbDofbdf ;f] 9f“6L btf{ u/fPsf c8\8faf6 gfln; lbg'
kg]{ c8\8fdf x'nfs€f/f sfuh k'Ug] af6fsf Dofbsf lbg af“sL /fvL gfln;
btf{ u/fPsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] 9f“6]sf] 7xgf{;fy dfly bkmf bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd
h'g Onfsfsf] c8\8faf6 x]g'{ kg]{ xf] ;f]xL Onfsfsf] c8\8fdf ldl;n emul8of
k7fO{ x]g{ nufpg' k5{ . === === – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (
#) g+= .. .. d'2f x]g{ kfpg] clwsf/L u}x|n] d'2f x]bf{ b]xfo adf]lhd
ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
cfÇgf xf8df ck'tfnL k/] vfg kfpg] gftf / dfdf dfOHo", ;fgL 7"nL cfdf,
;fg' 7"nf] afa', ;f;", ;;'/f, km'k", km'kfHo", h]7", ;fnf, dLt, cfÇgf lbbL alxgL,
5f]/L / log} lbPsf h'jfO{, eflgh ef~hL, efGhL a'xf/L, cfdfsf afa' jf cfdf,
dGq ;'gfpg] u'? u'?df, dGq ;'gfPsf lzio lziogL, cfkm"n] n]gb]g sf/f]jf/
u/]sf / gf]s/ rfs/ / n]lvPsf dflg;sf] Psf3/;“u a;]sf hxfgsf] /
emul8of dflg;sf] d'2f kg{ cfPdf cfkm"n] x]g{ x'“b}g – – – – – – – – – – !
dfly ! bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd x]g{ gx'g] d'2f kg{ cfPdf ;f]xL c8\8fdf ;dfg
clwsf/sf] cGo clwsf/L eP lghn] x]g'{ k5{ / To:tf] clwsf/L geP ;dfg

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

(14)
clwsf/sf] ;a}eGbf glhssf] csf]{ c8\8fdf o; c8\8faf6 olt sf/0fn] x]g{
gx'g] x'gfn] To; c8\8faf6 x]/L sfg"g adf]lhd ul/lbg' eGg] sf/0f ;d]t
vf]nL n]vf]6;fy k7fO{ emul8ofnfO{ klg ;f]xL c8\8fdf hfg' egL ;'gfO{ tfl/v
tf]sL ldl;n ;d]t ;f]xL c8\8fdf k7fO{ lbg' k5{ / ;f] c8\8fn] klg a'lemlnO{
cfÇgf] clwsf/ If]qleqsf] gePklg sfg"g adf]lhd x]l/lbg' k5{ – – – – – – @
#! g+= .. .. c8\8fsf s'g} sd{rf/Lsf gfp“df 3"; vfof] egL gfln;
lb+bf ;f] c8\8fsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fdf lbg' k5{ . ;f] c8\8fn] klg sfg"g
adf]lhd sf/afxL lsgf/f ug'{ k5{ . 3";sf] gfln; k/] klg ;f]eGbf cufj}
c8\8fdf k/]sf] d'2f eg] km};nf geO{ ;g{ ;St}g . h'g d'2fdf 3"; vfof] eg]sf] xf]
;f] d'2f km};nf ePkl5 k'g/fj]bg glbP klg km};nf / ldl;n ;d]t k7fOlbg' egL
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fn] n]vL k7fO{ lemsfO{ ;f] ldl;n kfPkl5 OG;fkm hf“rL
sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
#@ g+= .. .. ;fIfL ;/hdLg afx]s c?sf gfp“df 3";sf] gfln; lb+bf
d'2fdf eP h'g c8\8fdf k/]sf] d'2fdf 3"; vfof] eg]sf] xf] ;f] c8\8faf6 ;f] d'2f
km};nf ePsf] ldltn] / c? s'/fdf eP ;f] s'/f u/] ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq
gfln; glbP nfUg ;Qm}g .
## g+= .. .. s'g} d'2fdf ;fIfL jf ;/hdLgn] 3"; vfO{ aSof] egL
gfln; lb+bf ;f] as]sf] kGw| lbgleq lbg' k5{ . To:tf] gfln; kb}{df ;f] ;fIfL
;/hdLg as]sf] d"n d'2fsf] sf/afxL lsgf/f ug{ afwf x'g] 5}g . em'6f as]sf]df
;f] jfkt ;f]xL d"n d'2faf6 ;hfo x'g]5 .
#$ g+= .. .. d'2fdf ljb]zdf /x] a;]sf] sf]xL JolQmsf] gfp“df
;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb jf aGb;jfn hf/L ug'{ k/]df jf lgh;“u s]xL a'‰g
k/]df b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ –––––––––––––––––––––
g]kfn aflx/ a;]sf] sf]xL JolQmsf] gfddf ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb jf
aGb;jfn hf/L ug{ cfjZos g} b]v]df o; ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgod
agfO{ Joj:yf u/] adf]lhd hf/L u/L tfd]n ug{ k7fpg' k5{ . To;/L hf/L
tfd]n x'g g;sL To:tf] a'‰g' kg]{ JolQm a'‰g g;lsP klg sfg"g adf]lhd
d'2fsf] sf/afxL km};nf ug{ /f]lsg] 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
g]kfn aflx/sf] cbfntn] hf/L u/]sf] ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb jf
aGb;jfn tfd]n u/L k7fp“bf o; ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgod agfO{
Joj:yf u/] adf]lhd kf/:kl/stfsf] cfwf/df dfq tfd]n u/L k7fpg' k5{ – – @
#% g+= .. .. u}x| c8\8fn] sfg"g adf]lhd cfkm"n] x]g{ x'g] d'2f afx]s
c? d'2f x]g{ x'“b}g . x]/] l5g]sf] ePklg ab/ x'G5 .
#^ g+= .. .. P]gdf xbDofb gn]lvPsf] s'/fdf hlxn];'s} gfln; lbP
klg nfUg ;S5 .
#& g+= .. .. ========================== /fhsfh ;DaGwL jf ;/sf/L
wgdfn rf]/L d'2fdf gfln; lbgfnfO{ xbDofb x'“b}g .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

(15)
 #* g+= .. .. hf]/ h'n"d s/sfk u/L sfuh u/] u/fPdf cfkm"nfO{
km';{t ePsf ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;Qm}g .
#( g+= .. .. P]gdf xbDofb n]lvPsf]df ;f] xbDofbleq gfln; lbP
x]g'{ k5{ . ;f] xbDofb gf3]kl5 c8\8fdf NofPsf]df eP nfUb}g . xbDofbleq lbg
gkfPsf] P]g adf]lhdsf] sf/0f eP k|df0f ;d]t k'¥ofO{ cfhsf] kGw| lbgleq
Nofpg' egL kL7df n]vL 5fk nufO{ o; sf/0fn] lkmtf{ a'lemlnPsf] egL
a'lemlng]sf] e/kfO{ u/fO{ lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ . ;f] kGw| lbgleq gNofP gfln; nfUb}g .
xbDofbleq gfln; lbg gkfPsf] sf/0f n]vL ;f] kGw| lbgleq Nofof] / a'‰bf P]g
adf]lhdsf] sf/0f 7x/] btf{ x'g] egL krf{ v8f u/L /fvL klxn] sf/0fsf] k|df0f
a'emL 7x¥of] eg] gfln; b/L x]g'{ k5{ . P]g adf]lhdsf] sf/0f /x]g5 eg] gfln;
nfUb}g egL kL7df n]vL ;xL5fk u/L e/kfO{ u/fO{ gfln; lkmtf{ ul/lbg' k5{ .
$) g+= .. .. xbDofbleq gfln; ug'{ kg]{ dflg; ;f]x| jif{ gf3]sf] /x]g5
eg] ;f]x| jif{ gf3]sf lbgb]lv xbDofb;Dd gfln; lbP nfU5 . ;f] gfafns ;f]x| jif{
gk'Ub} d¥of] eg] ;f] d/]sf] lbgb]lv xbDofb;Dd dg]{sf] xsjfnfn] gfln; u/] nfU5 .
$! g+= .. .. xbDofbleq gfln; ug'{ kg]{ dflg; xbDofb z'? x'g]
avtdf xf];\ 7]ufg ge} a]xf];\ ePsf] jf af}nfPsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] lgsf] eO{ ;2]
ePsf lbgb]lv P]gsf] xbDofb;Dd gfln; lbP nfU5 . xbDofb z'? eO;s]kl5 dfq
xf];\ 7]ufg ge} a]xf]; ePsf] jf ax"nfPsf] /x]5 eg] hlt lbg ;f] ePsf] 5 ;f]
lgsf] eO{ ;2] ePkl5 P]gsf] xbDofb k'u]sf] Tolt lbg;Dddf gfln; lbP nfU5 .
$@ g+= .. .. xbDofbleq gfln; ug'{ kg]{ dflg; xbDofb z'? x'g]
avtdf xf];\ 7]ufg geO{ a]xf]; ePsf] jf af}nfPsf] ;2] geO{ d¥of] eg] ;f] d/]sf
lbgb]lv xbDofb;Dd dg]{sf] xsjfnfn] gfln; lbP nfU5 . xbDofb z'? eO{;s]kl5
dfq xf];\ 7]ufg geO{ a]xf]; ePsf] jf af}nfPsf] d/]sf] /x]5 eg] hlt lbg ;f] eO{
d/]sf] 5 xbDofb k'u]sf] Tolt lbg;Dd dg]{sf] xsjfnfn] gfln; lbP nfU5 .
$# g+= .. .. xbDofbleq gfln; ug'{ kg]{ dflg; ;/sf/L sfhdf
vl6O{ cGt sxL hf“bf jf cfkm" c;fWo eO{ yln+bf jf s]xL Joxf]/fn] sxL y'lgbf
xbDofb gf3]5 eg] sfhaf6 kmsL{ cfOk'u]sf jf lgsf] ePsf jf km';{b ePsf
k}+tL; lbgleq gfln; lbP nfU5 .
$$ g+= .. .. xbDofbleq gfln; ug'{ kg]{ dflg;sf] ;f] Dofbleq
gfln; lbg gkfpg] k]r ubf{ xbDofb gf3]sf] /x]5 eg] cfkm"nfO{ km";{b ePsf]
k}+tL; lbgleq gfln; lbP nfU5 .
$% g+= .. .. xbDofb k'Ug] jf Dofb tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{ jf s'g}
sfuh bflvn ug'{ kg]{ lbg c8\8fsf] tfltn k/] tfltn kl5 c8\8f v'n]sf] klxnf]
lbgdf xflh/ x'g] bflvn ug]{sf] xbDofb jf Dofb tfl/v u'h|g ;Sb}g .
$^ g+= .. .. xbDofb jf Dofb tfl/vsf] jf c? s'g} lsl;dn] lbgsf]
lx;fa ug'{ kbf{ olt lbg egL lbg tf]lsPsf] hltdf lbg uGtL / olt dlxgf jif{
eGg] tf]lsPsf]df hlt lbgsf] dlxgf ePklg ;qmflGtn] lx;fa ug'{ k5{ .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(16)
 $& g+= .. .. P]gn] y'gL k'k{If ug'{ kg]{nfO{ jf tfl/v nfUb}g eGg]
n]lvPsfnfO{ afx]s c? emul8ofnfO{ xflh/ x'g cfpgf;fy tfl/vdf /fvL k'k{If
ug'{ k5{ .
$* g+= .. .. tfl/v lbg' kg]{nfO{ tfl/v lb+bf o;} dxnsf] $(
gDa/sf] gd"gf adf]lhdsf] tfl/v krf{ n]vL lz/df c8\8fsf] 5fk nufO{ of] sfd
ugf{nfO{ o; 6foddf o; c8\8fdf jf kmnfgf 7fp“df xflh/ x'g cfpg' egL
tfl/v tf]sL tfl/v lkR5] ;f] tfl/v tf]Sg] sd{rf/Ln] b:tvt u/L tfl/v
kfpg]nfO{ lbO{ ;f] Joxf]/fsf] e/kfO{ u/fO{ ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' k5{ .
$( g+= .. .. tfl/v lbg] krf{sf] gd"gf

kmnfgf c8\8faf6 hf/L ePsf]

tfl/vsf] krf{ –––––––––––––
jfbL kmnfgf k|ltjfbL kmnfgf
d'2f kmnfgf
kmnfgfsf] gfp“sf] tfl/v
kmnfgf ldltdf
kmnfgf sfd ugf{nfO{ kmnfgf lbg olt ah] xflh/ x'g cfpg' .
%) g+= .. .. tfl/v tf]Sbf c8\8fvfgfsf] 7]lsPsf] tfltnsf] lbg kg]{
u/L tf]Sg x'“b}g .
%! g+= .. .. lkm/fbkq btf{ ePkl5 k|ltjfbLn] kfpg] lbg tL; /
af6fsf Dofb ;d]t cGhfd u/L jfbLnfO{ e/;s k|ltjfbL kg]{ lbgsf] tfl/v tf]Sg'
k5{ . ;f] tfl/v / k|ltpQ/ k/]sf] tfl/v ldn]g eg] k|ltpQ/ k/]kl5 jfbLn] h'g
lbgsf] tfl/v lnPsf]5 k|ltjfbLnfO{ klg ;f]xL lbgsf] tfl/v tf]sL To;kl5 b'j}
y/nfO{ Ps} lbgsf] tfl/v ldnfO{ tf]Sg' k5{ .
%@ g+= .. .. jf/]; lbPdf afx]s Ps} dflg;sf] d'2f k/]sf] c8\8fb]lv
rf/ sf]zleqsf] c? c8\8fdf klg d'2f k/]sf] /x]5 / ;f] s'/f emul8ofn] eGof]
eg] To:tfnfO{ tfl/v tf]Sbf c? c8\8fsf] Ps} lbgsf] tfl/v kg]{ u/L tf]Sg x'“b}g .
%# g+= .. .. tfl/v tf]Sbf o;} gDa/df n]lvPsf gd"gf adf]lhd
lstfa v8f u/L h'g lbg h] sfd ugf{nfO{ tfl/v tf]lsG5 tfl/v e/kfO{df /
emul8ofnfO{ lbg] tfl/v krf{df ;d]t ;f] Joxf]/f hgfO{ tfl/v lbO{ h'g sfd
sf/afxLnfO{ tfl/v tf]lsPsf]5 ;f] sfd sf/afxLsf] tfl/v lstfasf] sf]7fdf
d'2fsf] gDa/ n]vL c? cfjZos Joxf]/f hgfO{ tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf] lbg emul8of
xflh/ ePkl5 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] sfd sf/afxL ug'{ k5{ . s]xL dgfl;a dflkmssf]
sf/0fn] tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf] lbg sf/afxL ug{ gkfpg] jf gEofpg] eof] eg] ;f]xL
Joxf]/f hgfO{ h'g lbg sfd x'G5 p; lbgsf] tfl/v tf]sL tfl/v lstfadf tfl/v

 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(17)
;/]sf] Joxf]/f s}lkmot n]vL xflsd xflh/ eP xflsdn] / xflsd xflh/ geP pm
d'lgsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bhf{sf] sd{rf/Ln] b:tvt ;d]t u/L tf]lslbg] ug'{ k5{ .

(18)
 z'? sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ d'2fsf]
tfl/v lstfa
;fn k|ltjfbLnfO{ k|ltjfbL k|df0f k|df0f a'‰gfs] 5nkmn km};nf s}lkmot
dlxgf ;dfJxfg kg]{ d's// sfuh ;fIfL gfkL gS;f ugf{s] ugf{s]
Otnfogfdf ug]{ ;/hdLg
hf/L ugf{s] a'‰gfs]
ut] jf/

(19)
 k'g/fj]bg ;fws k/]sf d'2fsf]
tfl/v lstfa
;fn ldl;n k|df0f a'‰gfs] 5nkmn km};nf s}lkmot
dlxgf lemsfpg] sfuh ;fIfL gfkL emul8of ugf{s] ugf{s]
gS;f lemsfpg]
;/hdLg
a'‰gfs]
ut] jf/

(20)
  %$ g+= .. .. d'2fdf xflh/ x'g] dflg; c8\8faf6 y'lgP s}b k/]sf]
/x]5 eg] d o; c8\8faf6 kmnfgf;“usf kmnfgf d'2fdf y'lgP s}b k/]sf]5' egL
d'2f k/]s} c8\8fdf n]vL k7fPsf] eP s] Joxf]/fn] s}b k/] y'lgPsf] slxn];Dddf
5'6\g] /x]5 ;a} s'/f a'emL y'Gg] s}b ug]{ c8\8fdf b/vf:t lbPsf] eP o; Joxf]/fn]
o; c8\8faf6 y'lgP s}b k/]sf]5 o; avt;Dddf 5'6\5 egL 5'6\g] b]lvPsf] ldlt
vf]nL / 5'6\g] cj:yf v'Ng g;s] ;f]xL Joxf]/f n]vL lghsf] b/vf:t d'2f k/]sf]
c8\8fdf k7fO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f] Joxf]/f n]vL cfPkl5 d'2f k/]sf] c8\8faf6 klg Ps
dlxgf;Dddf 5'6\g] /x]5 eg] 5'6]sf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s kf“r lbg;Dddf
y'lgg] s}b x'g] dflg; xflh/ eP P]g adf]lhd tfl/v tf]sL sf/afxL ug'{ k5{ . Ps
dlxgfeGbf a9L s}b k/] y'lgPsf] jf of] cj:yf;Dddf 5'6\g] eGg] cGhfd gePdf
/ g5'6\g] cj:yfdf k/L y'lgP s}b k/]sf]df eg] sf/afxL gu/L kvL{ /xg x'“b}g .
lghnfO{ lemsfpg} k/] sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ lemsfO{ jf hf] a'‰g' kg]{ a'emL sf/afxL
ug'{ l5Gg' k5{ . sf/afxL ubf{ ub}{ 5'6]sf]df eP 5'6]sf ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s
kf“r lbgleq xflh/ eP tfl/vdf /fvL sf/afxL ug'{ k5{ .
%% g+= .. .. d'2fdf emul8ofn] Dofb tfl/v u'hf/]df klg o;}
dxnsf] %( gDa/ adf]lhd ydfO{ kfpg] Dofb;Dd km};nf ug'{ x'“b}g .
%^ g+= .. ..  === === ===
%& g+= .. .. d'2f k/L tf]lsPsf] Dofb tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{
;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] 3/ labf kfO{ hfgnfO{ 3/ labfsf] lgsf;fsf] ;"rgf lbg]
clwsf/Laf6 olt lbg 3/ labf kfPsf 5g\ eGg] d'2f k/]sf c8\8fsf gfp“df k"hL{
u/fO{ lnO{ hfg' k5{ . d'2f k/]sf c8\8fn] klg 3/ labfsf] k"hL{ Nofpgf;fy p;n]
kfPsf 3/ labfsf] lbgdf ;ft lbg ykL tfl/v tf]lslbg] ug'{ k5{ . 3/ labf kfO{
u};s]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] dflg;sf gfp“df gfln; k/L 3/ labfsf] lbgleq c8\8fdf
xflh/ x'g' kg]{ Dofb tfl/v k/L ;f] Dofb tfl/v u'h|g uPdf klg 3/ labfsf lbg
k'uL xflh/ x'g' kg]{ lbgb]lv ;ftlbgleq d'2f k/]sf c8\8fdf xflh/ eO{ 3/ labf
uPsf] egL b/vf:t lbof] eg] a'emL kfPsf 3/ labfsf lbgleqdf Dofb u'h|g
uPsf] /x]5 eg] Dofb tfl/v yfldlbg' k5{ .
%* g+= .. .. Dofb tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{ ;/sf/L sd{rf/L ;/sf/L
sfhdf vl6Pdf b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
h'g c8\8fsf] cfb]z k"hL{n] sfh vl6g] ePsf]5 p;} c8\8fdf u} sfhdf
vl6Psf] hgfp d'2f k/]sf c8\8fnfO{ u/L kfp“ egL b/vf:t ug'{ k5{ . To:tf]
b/vf:t ug{ cfPdf c8\8faf6 klg Dofb tf]sL sfh vl6Psf]df Dofb tf]sL /
Dofb gtf]lsPsf]df vl6O{ uPsf sfdsf] cGbfhn] xflsdsf] thaLhn] olt lbg
jf dlxgf;Dd nfUnf egL t'?Gt} k"hL{ n]vL d'2f k/]sf] c8\8fdf k7fO{ lbg'
k5{ . ;f] hgfp cfPkl5 d'2f k/]sf] c8\8fn] tfl/vsf] lbg gk/] klg sfhdf
nfUg] lbg / P]g adf]lhd cfp“bf hf“bf af6f]df nfUg] lbg ;d]tdf ;ft lbg
ykL tfl/v tf]sL lbg' k5{ . ;f] d'2fsf] c8\8fdf xflh/ /x]sf c? emul8ofnfO{

 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

(21)
tfl/vsf] lbg tfl/v tf]Sbf klg ;f]xL sfhdf hfg]n] nu]sf] ldlt kf/L tfl/v
tf]Sg' k5{ –––––––––––––––––––––––––––!
cfb]z k"hL{ x'gf;fy t'?Gt hfg' k/]df jf v6fpg] c8\8fb]lv 6f9f a;]sf]
sd{rf/L 6f9}af6 hfg' k/]df jf sfh}af6 csf]{ sfhdf vl6O{ hfg' k/]df jf
vl6Psf] sfhd} a:g' kg]{ ePdf eg] o:tf] sf/0f k/L tf]lsPsf] Dofb tfl/vdf
xflh/ x'g ;lsg egL d'2f k/]sf c8\8fdf / vl6Psf] hgfp d'2f k/]sf
c8\8fnfO{ u/L kfp“ egL v6fpg] c8\8fdf b/vf:t k7fP klg x'G5 . To:tf]
b/vf:t cfPdf ;f] c8\8fx?n] klg dfly ! bkmf adf]lhd u/L hgfp lbg] /
tfl/v tf]Sg] ug'{ k5{ . sfhdf hfg] emul8ofnfO{ tf]s]sf] tfl/v sfh}df kfpg]
u/L k7fO{ e/kfO{ lng' k5{ –––––––––––––––––––––@
%( g+= .. .. s'g} d'2fdf cfÇgf] sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:yltn] ubf{ Dofb
tfl/v u'h|]df Ps} k6s jf tLg k6s;Dd u/L a9Ldf tL; lbg;Ddsf] u'h|]sf]
Dofb tfl/v yfldg ;Qm5 . === === === t/ o;} dxnsf] ^@ gDa/ / !&%
gDa/df n]lvP hltdf ;f]xL adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^) g+= .. .. d'2f bfo/ u/L tfl/v lnO{ ;s]kl5 tfl/v u'hf/]sf]df
k6s sfod ubf{ Dofb ydfPsf] k6ssf] lx;fa u/L k6s sfod ug{ x'“b}g, tfl/v
lnO{ u'hf/]sf] ldltb]lv dfq k6ssf] lx;fa u/L sfod ug'{ k5{ .
^! g+= .. .. d'2f km};nf ubf{ lsgf/f nufpg' kg]{ hlt hDd} s'/fsf]
Ps} k6s lsgf/f gnufO{ jf vfl/h gx'g] vfl/h u/L km};nf u/]sf] e} p;} c8\8fdf
OG;fkm ug{ k7fPsf] d'2fdf jf o;} dxnsf] !@ gDa/ adf]lhd d'ntaL /x]sf] afx]s
c? s'g} k|sf/n] d'ntaL /x]sf d'2fdf sf/afxL u/L km};nf ugf{ lgldQ cl3
tfl/vdf /x]sfnfO{ km]/L tfl/vdf /fvL k'k{If ug'{ kg]{ x'g cfPdf cl3 tfl/vdf
/x]sf] avt lnO;s]sf] ======== Dofb tfl/v u'h|]sf k6ssf] lx;fa ug{ x'“b}g .
^@ g+= .. .. b]xfosf cj:yfdf Dofb tfl/v u'h|]df b]xfo adf]lhd
ug'{ k5{ M – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Dofb tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g] JolQmsf] sf]xL d/L lqmof a:g' k/]df lqmof ;dfKt
ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq c8\8fdf xflh/ e} lgj]bgkq
lbPdf Dofb tfl/v yfdL lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
Dofb tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{ :jf:gLdflg; ;'Ts]/L e} Dofb tfl/v u'h|]sf]df
;'Ts]/L ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s k}+tL; lbgleq c8\8fdf xflh/ e}
lgj]bgkq lbPdf Dofb tfl/v yfdL lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
P]gn] ljuf] eg'{ e/fpg', lbg' lbnfpg' jf ;DklQ rng rnfpg' lng' kg]{ d'2fsf
Dofb tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{ JolQm d/L jf af}nfxf jf a]kQf eO{ Dofb tfl/v
u'h|]df d/L jf af}nfxf jf a]kQf ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s k}+tL;
lbgleq lghsf] b}ofbf/n] Dofb tfl/v yfdL d'2f ;sf/ ug{ c8\8fdf xflh/ e}
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(22)
lgj]bgkq lbPdf Dofb tfl/v yfdL lbO{ d'2f ;sf/ u/fO{ lbg' k5{ t/ d/L
jf af}nfxf jf j]kQf ePsf] ldltsf] k}+tL; lbgkl5sf] Dofb tfl/v tf]lsPsf]
/x]5 eg] ;f] tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf] lbg c8\8fdf xflh/ e} d'2f ;sf/ ug{sf]
nflu lgj]bgkq lbP klg ;sf/ u/fO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
Dofb tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{ JolQm ;/sf/L sfhdf vl6O{ Dofb tfl/v u'h|]sf]
;f] JolQm Dofb tfl/v u'h|]sf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq c8\8fdf xflh/ x'g cfPdf
jf sfhdf v6fpg] c8\8fn] n]vL k7fPdf c8\8}af6 krf{ v8f u/L Dofb
tfl/v yfdL lbg' k5{ –––––––––––––––––––––––$
vf]nf], klx/f] jf lxp“n] af6f] aGb eO{ jf so"{sf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] jf cGo s'g}

Joxf]/fn] oftfoftsf] ;fwg grn]sf] sf/0faf6 jf e"sDk cflb h:tf b}jL

k|sf]k k/]sf] sf/0faf6 tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{ JolQm xflh/ x'g g;sL tfl/v
u'h|]sf]df ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsf jf ;/sf/L c8\8faf6 ;f]
ePsf] Joxf]/f v'nfOPsf] lg:;f lnO{ af6f] v'n]sf] jf oftfoftsf] ;fwg rn]sf]
jf b}jL k/]sf]df ;f] ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf] Dofb afx]s bz lbgleq xflh/ e}
lgj]bgkq lbPdf Dofb tfl/v yfdL lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – %
^# g+= .. .. === === ===
^$ g+= .. .. tfl/v kfpg]n] tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg tf]lsPsf] 7fp“df
tf]lsPsf] ;dob]lv tfl/v tf]lslng g;s'GHofn;Dd xflh/ eO{/xg' k5{ .
tf]lsPsf] ;dodf tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g' kg{] emul8of xflh/ ePg eg] c8\8fn]
klv{/xg' kb{}g . sfg"g adf]lhd d'2fsf] sf/afxL ug{' k5{ . tf]lsPsf] ;dodf
xflh/ gx'g]sf] tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf] lbg tfl/vdf n]lvPsf] sfd ePg eGg] s'/fsf] ph"/
nfUg / c8\8f p7\g] ;do gf3L c8\8f pl7;s]kl5 cfpg]sf] tfl/v yfldg ;St}g .
^% g+= .. .. d'2fdf jfl/; lb+bf ln+bf b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – –
sfg"g adf]lhd k'k{Ifsf nflu y'gfdf a:g' kg]{ jf hdfgt nfUg] cj:yfdf
hdfgt lbg g;sL y'gfdf a:g' kg]{ ePsf] JolQmn] jfl/; /fVg kfp“b}g . ;f]
afx]s hdfgt nfUg] cj:yfdf sfg"g adf]lhd hdfgt lbg] JolQmn] c8\8faf6
jfl/; /fVg lbg dgfl;a 7x/fO{ Ohfht lbPdf jfl/; /fVg kfp“5 – – – – – !
dfly ! bkmfdf n]lvPb]lv afx]s cGo cj:yfsf] JolQmsf] xsdf kof{Kt
sf/0faf6 c8\8fn] jfl/; /fVg lbg dgfl;a g7x/fO{ cGoyf cfb]z lbPdf
afx]s ;fwf/0ftM jfl/; /fVg x'G5 . b]jfgL d'2fdf eg] jfl/; /fVg gkfpg]
u/L c8\8fn] cfb]z lbg] 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
P]g adf]lhd jfl/; lb+bf d]/f] kmnfgf;“usf] kmnfgf d'2fdf k'k{If ug{nfO{ d]/f]
;§fdf P]gn] lbg x'g] kmnfgfnfO{ jfl/; u/L k7fPsf]5' . lghn] d'2f xf/]

 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
;+zf]lwt .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(23)
lht]df d]/f] d~h'/ 5 . d'2f km};nf x'“bf d cfkm} xflh/ eO{ hf] k/]sf] a'emfp“nf
cbfntaf6 nfu]sf] b08, hl/afgf, bzf}+b, cfb]zn] af“sL /x]sf] sf]6{ kmL,
;/sf/L ljuf] d}n] a'emfpg af“sL 5}g ga'emfO{ af“sL /fv]sf] 7x/] of]
clVtof/gfdf ab/ u/L d'2f sfg"g adf]lhd xf];\ eGg] jfl/; lbg]sf]
clVtof/gfdf / jfl/; x'g]sf] klg d kmnfgfsf] kmnfgf d'2fdf P]g adf]lhd
jfl/; eP“ . cbfntaf6 nfu]sf] b08, hl/afgf, bzf}+b, ;/sf/L ljuf], cfb]zn]
af“sL /x]sf] sf]6{ kmL d}n] a'emfpg af“sL 5}g eGg] ;sf/gfdf sfuh u/fO{ lnO{
;f] jfl/;af6 s'/f a'emL c8\8fsf /f]xn] ;f] d'2fdf h'g sfuh u/fpg k/] klg
;f]xL jfl/;sf] sfuh u/fO{ d'2f x]g'{ k5{ . cbfntaf6 nfu]sf] b08, hl/afgf,
bzf}+b, ;/sf/L ljuf], cfb]zn] af“sL /x]sf] sf]6{ kmL s]xL af“sL /x]sf] kl5
b]lvg cfP jfl/; lbg];“u af“sL b]lvP ;f] jfl/; dfkm{t g} jfl/; lbg]nfO{ ;ft
lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ lemsfO{ xflh/ eP Ps;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf u/L af“sL
b08, hl/afgf, ;/sf/L ljuf], sf]6{ kmL ;d]t c;" n u/L / xflh/} geP jfl/;
ab/ u/L d'2f sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . jfl/; x'g];“u af“sL b]lvP To:tf
jfl/; x'g]nfO{ cbfntn] Ps ;o ?k}of“ hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . To:tf] hl/afgfsf]
sf/0fn] jfl/;gfdf ab/ x'g] 5}g ––––––––––––––––––#
jfl/; /fv]sf d'2fdf ldnfkq ubf{ emul8of cfkm} xflh/ eO{ ug'{ k5{ . cfkm"
xflh/ x'g hfg g;Sg]n] d]/f] o:tf] lhls/ ePsf] kmnfgf;“usf] kmnfgf d'2fdf
o; lx;fa;“u ldnfkq ugf{df d]/f] d~h'/ 5 d]/f] jfl/; kmnfgf€f/f ldnfkq
xf];\ To;df d]/f] d~h'/ 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] d~h'/Lsf] lnvt n]vL P]g
adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ sfuh ePsf] 7fp“ ;d]t ls6L cfg" / ;f] sfuhdf
cfkm"n] ;xL5fk u/]sf] b]Vg] sDtLdf b'O{ hgf ;fIfL / sfuh n]Vg] n]vssf]
;d]t km8\s] lsgf/fdf ;xL5fk u/fO{ ;f] d~h'/Lsf] sfuh / P]gn] nfUg]
aS;f}gL ;d]t d'2f k/]sf] c8\8fdf jfl/;åf/f k7fO{ lbg' k5{ . n]lvP adf]lhd
d~h'/Lsf] lnvt u/L k7fO{ lbPsf]df c8\8faf6 klg ;f] d~h'/Lsf] lnvt
adf]lhd u/L ldnL hfgfdf c? emul8ofn] klg d~h'/ u¥of] eg] P]g
adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ P]gn] nfUg] aS;f}gL lnO{ ldnfkq u/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
n]lvP adf]lhd jfl/; /fVg] emul8ofsf] d~h'/Lsf] lnvt geO{ To;} jfl/;åf/f
ldnfkq u/] u/fPsf] ;b/ x'“b}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
ljuf] vf]lnPsf] b]jfgL d'2fdf P]g adf]lhd jfl/; lb+bf afa' cfdfn] 5f]/fnfO{ /
:jf:gLn] nf]Ug]nfO{ / c+z dfg' g5'l§O{ ;“u a;]sf hxfgnfO{ jfl/; lb+bf afx]s
;f] jfl/; lbg] jfbL jf k|ltjfbL b'j} y/Ln] jfbLn] kqm]sf] ljuf]sf] ;os8f kf“r
?k}of“sf] b/n] gub w/f}6 /fv] dfq jfl/; nfUg ;Qm5 . ;f] w/f}6 g/fv] cfkm}
xflh/ /xL k'k{If ug'{ k5{ . ;f] dfly n]lvPsfnfO{ jfl/; lb+bf / ljuf]
gvf]lnPsf] b]jfgL d'2fdf / c? jfl/; nfUg] kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf / ljuf] v'n]s}
d'2fdf klg k'g/fj]bg lbgfnfO{ jfl/; lb+bf eg] w/f}6 /fVg kb}{g . ;f] d'2f
l8;ld; vfl/h ;d]t u}x| lsl;daf6 km};nf x'“bf P]g adf]lhd nfUg] 7x/]sf]
;hfo ;d]t hf] lng' k5{ ;f] w/f}6 /x]sf]af6 c;"n u/L a9\tf eP lkmtf{ lbg'
k5{ . w/f}6 /x]sf]n] gk'Ug] eP P]g adf]lhd emul8ofaf6} c;"n ug'{ k5{ – – – – %

(24)
jfl/; /x]sf] d'2f l8;ld; vfl/h ;d]t u}x| lsl;daf6 km};nf x'“bf
emul8ofnfO{ nfu]sf] ljuf], hl/afgf, s}b ;d]t u}x|df emul8ofnfO{ g} kqmL P]g
adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . jfl/;nfO{ kqmg x'“b}g –––––––––––––––^
^^ g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/xbdf crn ;DklQ Hoyf gePsf ljb]zL
dflg;sf] g]kfnsf c8\8fdf k/]sf] P]gn] jfl/; lbg kfpg] d'2fdf jfl/; lb+bf
cfkm"n] bfjL u/]sf] 7x/]df jf cfkm" pk/ kf]n ph"/ k/]sf] s'/f 7x/] nfUg] P]g
adf]lhd ;hfo w/f}6 /fv]df jf To; jfkt g]kfn ;/xbdf crn ;DklQ Hoyf
ePsf] dflg;nfO{ hdfgL lbP dfq jfl/; nfUg ;S5 .
^& g+= .. .. c8\8fdf bflvn ug{ NofPsf] clVtof/gfdf P]g
adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'u]sf] geP of] otL /Lt k'u]sf] 5}g olt /Lt k'¥ofO{ NofP nfUg] 5
egL tLg lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ ;f] clVtof/gfdfs} kL7df n]vL c8\8fsf] 5fk nufO{
e/kfO{ lnO{ lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ . /Lt k'¥ofO{ NofPsf]df cQf] nufO{ lkmtf{ lbg' x'“b}g .
^* g+= .. .. P]gn] jfl/; nfUg] d'2fdf jfl/; clVtof/ lb+bf ln+bf
;f]x| jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf b]xfosf JolQmnfO{ jfl/; lbg lng x'G5 – – – – – – – –
Psf3/;“u /x] a;]sf gft]bf/x?dWo] hf];'s}nfO{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
c?sf xsdf 3"; sLt]{df ;hfo kfPsf] / ;f] afx]s g}lts ktg b]lvg] cGo

kmf}hbf/L ck/fwdf ;hfo kfPsf] JolQm afx]s hf];'s} JolQmnfO{ – – – – – – – @

^( g+= .. .. P]gn] jfl/; lbg kfpg] rf/ sf]zleqsf c8\8fdf
kl//x]sf] jf kg]{ d'2fdf P]gn] jfl/; lbg x'g] dflg;nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd jfl/; lbg
lng x'G5 . rf/ sf]zeGbf 6f9fsf c8\8fdf k/]sf d'2fdf jfl/; e}/x]sfnfO{ csf]{
c8\8fdf k/]sf] d'2fdf jfl/; lbg lng x'“b}g . jfl/; e}/x]sf] dflg; s'g} d'2fdf
y'lgof] s}b eof] eg] y'gfdf /xL csf{sf] d'2f ug{ klg kfp“b}g – – – – – – – –
Ps} dflg;sf] Ps c8\8fdf hlt;'s} d'2f k/] klg ;a} d'2fdf Pp6} dflg;nfO{
jfl/; lng lbg x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – !
w]/} dflg;sf] Pp6} c8\8fdf k/]sf] Pp6} d'2fdf ;a} dflg;n] Pp6}nfO{ jf
k[ys k[ysn] k[ys k[ysnfO{ ePklg jfl/; lng lbg x'G5 –––––––@
Ps c8\8fdf k/]sf] Pp6} d'2fsf jfbLx?n] jfbLx?dWo]s} / k|ltjfbLx?n]
k|ltjfbLx?dWo]s} dflg;nfO{ jfl/; lbg lng x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
Ps} c8\8fdf Pp6fsf] d'2fdf jfl/; e}/x]sfnfO{ jfl/; e}/x]sf d'2f km};nf
gx'“b} jf jfl/; sfod 5“b} To;} c8\8fdf kl//x]sf jf kg]{ c? d'2fsf]
emul8ofn] klg jfl/; lng lbg x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
Ps c8\8fdf kl//x]sf d'2fdf /fv]sf jfl/;nfO{ jfl/; sfod 5“b} ;f]xL
jfl/;nfO{ ;f] jfl/; lbO{ /fVg] emul8ofn] jf To;sf Psf3/sf hxfgn] rf/
sf]zleqsf c8\8fdf k/]sf jf kg]{ c? d'2fdf jfl/; lbg lng x'G5 – – – – %

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(25)
 &) g+= .. .. clVtof/gfdf n]vL csf{nfO{ jfl/; lbPsf]df h;sf]
emu8f xf] p;}n] jf pm d/]kl5 p;sf b}ofbf/n] cfkm} ;sf/ ug{ jf klxn]sf]
jfl/; abnL csf]{ jfl/; /fVg kfp“5 .
&! g+= .. .. clVtof/gfdf lbPsf] jfl/; abnL csf]{ jfl/; /fVg
kbf{ d]/f] kmnfgf;“usf] kmnfgf d'2fdf kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g] kmnfgfnfO{ jfl/;
lbO/fv]sf]df lgh jfl/;nfO{ of] sf/0f k/L abNg' k/]sf]n] lghnfO{ abnf u/L
kmnfgfnfO{ clVtof/gfdf u/L k7fPsf]5' eGg] ;d]t P]g adf]lhdsf] Joxf]/f n]vL
jfl/; x'g]nfO{ lbO{ d'2f k/]sf] c8\8fdf k7fpg' k5{ . d'2f k/]sf] c8\8faf6 klg
;f] adf]lhd jfl/; u/L k7fPdf ;f] clVtof/gfdf ldl;n ;fd]n /fvL P]g adf]lhd
cl3 /fv]sf] jfl/; abnL kl5sf] jfl/; sfod u/L sfd sf/afxL ug]{ ug'{ k5{ .
&!s= g+= .. .. jfl/; lbg x'g] d'2fdf s'g} JolQmn] rfx]df P]gn]
jfl/; lbg x'g] h'g;'s} dflg;nfO{ cfÇgf] tkm{af6 d'2f bfo/ ug{ k|ltjfb ug{ /
To; ;DaGwL cGo sfg"gL sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg] u/L clVtof/gfdf n]vL clws[t
jfl/; d's// ug{ x'G5 . clws[t jfl/;n] clVtof/gfdfdf n]lvP adf]lhd s'g}
vf; d'2f ls6fg ePsf]df ;f]xL d'2fdf dfq / To;/L d'2f ls6fg ge} ;fdfGo
?kdf clVtof/ lbPsf] eP bfo/ /x]sf] jf kl5 bfo/ x'g] jf ug'{ kg]{ h'g;'s}
d'2fdf ;f] clVtof/gfdfdf n]lvPsf] sfd s'/f ug{ ;Sg]5 / cfjZos k/]df
cfkm"nfO{ clVtof/ lbOPsf] s'g} klg d'2fdf jfl/; ;d]t /fVg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
clws[t jfl/; d's// ePsf] d'2fdf d's// ug]{ JolQmsf gfp“df hf/L x'g] ;dfJxfg,
Otnfogfdf, Dofb, k"hL{ jf ;"rgf clws[t jfl/;nfO{ tfd]n ug{ ;lsg]5 .
&!v= g+= .. .. s'g} d'2f ls6fg gu/L ;fdfGo ?ksf] clVtof/gfdf
lbO{ clws[t jfl/; d's// ubf{ ;f] clVtof/gfdf g]kfn ======== leq eP s'g}
lhNnf GofofwLz / ljb]zdf eP ====== g]kfnL /fhb"t jf jfl0fHob"tsf] /f]xj/df
n]vL lghåf/f k|dfl0ft u/fpg' k5{ / To;/L k|dfl0ft u/fpg cfPdf lhNnf
GofofwLz jf ======= g]kfnL /fhb"t jf jfl0fHob"tn] klg k|dfl0ft u/L lbg' k5{ .
To;/L k|dfl0ft gePsf] clVtof/gfdfsf] sfg"gL dfGotf x'g] 5|}g .
&!u= g+= .. .. dfly &!v= g+= adf]lhd lbOPsf clVtof/gfdf
b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ab/ x'g]5 –––––––––––––––––––––
Dofb ls6fg u/L ;f] Dofb;Dd dfq clVtof/gfdf sfod /xg] eGg] Joxf]/f
pNn]v ePsf] eP ;f] Dofb e'Qmfg ePkl5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
s'g} vf; 36\gf jf cj:yf ePkl5 clVtof/gfdf sfod g/xg] Joxf]/f pNn]v
ePsf] ;f] 36\gf jf cj:yf ePkl5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
dfly n]lvP afx]s cGo cj:yfdf s'g} JolQmn] clVtof/gfdf ab/ u/fpg
rfx]df ;f] s'/fsf] lnlvt ;"rgf ;DalGwt clws[t jfl/;nfO{ lbO{ g]kfnsf
s'g} b'O{ k|d'v ;dfrf/kqx?df ;a} Joxf]/f v'nfO{ ;"rgf k|sflzt u/fPkl5 – #

 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

(26)
 &@ g+= .. .. lkm/fbkq ln+bf b]jfgL kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf] 5'§f5'§} lng'
k5{ . ;f] afx]s Pp6} lkm/fbkqdf Pp6} dflg;n] Pp6} dflg; pk/ hlt;'s}
emu8fsf ljifosf] s'/f n]vL NofPsf] / hlt;'s} dflg;n] hlt;'s} dflg; pk/
Pp6} emu8fsf ljifosf] s'/f n]vL NofPsf] ePklg lnO{ ;f] adf]lhd ;a} s'/fsf]
;f]xL lkm/fbkqaf6 OG;fkm ug'{ k5{ . n]lvPeGbf a9\tf s'/f Pp6} lkm/fbkqdf n]vL
NofPsf] /x]5 eg] lkm/fbkq lkmtf{ ug{ eg] x'“b}g . a9L hlt n]vL NofPsf] s'/fsf]
o; lkm/fbkqaf6 OG;fkm ug{ gkg]{ c? c8\8f jf o;} c8\8faf6 csf]{ lkm/fbkq
lbP dfq OG;fkm ug'{ kg]{ egL ;f] lkm/fbkqaf6 hlt s'/fsf] OG;fkm ug'{ gkg]{ xf]
plt s'/f ;f]xL lkm/fbkqsf lz/df n]vL xflsdn] b:tvt u/L ;f] OG;fkm ug'{
gkg]{ ePsf] hlt s'/f lkm/fbkqjfnfnfO{ yfxf x'gf lgldQ ;f]xL lkm/fbkqsf]
e/kfO{df n]vL lbg' k5{ .
&# g+= .. .. lkm/fbkq lb+bf pxL dflg;sf] gfp“df Ps} k6s Pp6}
gfln; lbP x'g] d'2fdf ;f] gu/L klxn] lbPsf gfln;sf] ?k ljrf/ u/L dfq ;f]
d'2fsf ;f] ?kn] c? s'/fdf kl5 gfln; lbg] lgot lnO{ olt s'/f dfq o;
gfln;af6 lbnfO{ e/fO{ jf ;hfo u/L kfp“ egL jfbL lbg / ;f] jfbLdf 5'6]sf]
To:tf] lsl;dsf] af“sL /x]sf] d'2fdf kl5 jfbL lbg ;d]t kfp“b}g .
&$ g+= .. .. gfln; u/]sf] s'/f ;fljt jf em'§f 7x/] 36L a9L eg]
kqm]df ;d]t P]gn] df]n ljuf] lt/f] ;d]tsf] lx;faaf6 ;hfo x'g] df]n ljuf] ls6L
gfln; lbg' kg]{ d'2fdf df]n ljuf] s;L gfln; lb+bf ln+bf ;/sf/L / b'lgof“x?sf]
xsdf ;d]t 36Ldf b]xfo adf]lhd jfbLaf6 df]n ljuf] ls6L ls6fO{ gfln; lng'
lbg' k5{ . c+za08f u/L kfp“ eGg] ;d]t P]gn] kl5 kmf“6jf/L lnO{ df]n ljuf]
v'nfO{ lbg' kg]{ d'2f hltdf P]g adf]lhd kmf“6jf/L lbPsf avtdf 36Ldf b]xfo
adf]lhd df]n ljuf] sfod u/L P]g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – –
hUuf kqm]sf]df ;f] hUufdf 7]lsPsf] lt/f]sf] c°n] / lt/f] g7]lsPsf] klt{
af“emf] hUuf jf c? s'g} lsl;dsf hUuf kqm]df cf“7f ;/xsf] lt/f] sfod u/L
5 ?k}of“ lt/f]sf] Ps;o ?k}of“sf b/n] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
;/sf/L hUuf hdLg lt/f] bjfO{ vfP v'jfP gf]S;fg kf/]sf] ;d]t g]kfn
;/sf/n] e/fO{ c;"n u/L lng' kg]{ jf af“sL aSof}tf ;d]t afnL lt/f] lhG;L
dfn hltsf] gub lng' kbf{ Onfsfsf] ;/sf/L dfn u'7L ;d]t tx;Ln ug]{
c8\8fdf a'emfpg' kg]{df ;f] c8\8faf6 lhG;Lsf] gub tx;Ln u/L lng b/aGbL
ePsf hltsf] h'g c8\8fdf a'emfpg' kg]{ xf] ;f]xL c8\8fsf b/aGbL adf]lhdsf]
b/n] / b/aGbL gePsf hltsf] zx/ ufp“ ahf/df rn]sf b/n] – – – – – – @
3/, k;n / To;n] rr]{sf] ;lGw;k{g hUufsf] ;f] kftfn ePsf 7fp“df rn]sf
b/n] –––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––#
g]kfn ;/sf/n] b'lgof;“u, b'lgof“n] g]kfn ;/sf/;“u / b'lgof“n] b'lgof“;“u lng'
kg]{ u}x| lhG;L dfnx?sf] zx/ ufp“ ahf/df rn]sf] b/n] –––––––$
Hofnf dh'/L gf]S;fgLsf] df]n ljuf] h'g 7fp“sf] Hofnf dh'/L gf]S;fgL xf] p;}
7fp“df rn]sf b/n] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – %

(27)
a'emfpg] avt o; b/n] lbg] lng] eGg] lnvt ePsf]df lnvt}df n]lvPsf
b/n] ––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––^
&% g+= .. .. lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq lb+bf krf; ?k}of“ b:t'/
nfU5 .
&^ g+= .. .. lkm/fbkq ln+bf o;} gDa/sf gd"gf adf]lhdsf] lng'
k5{ .
lkm/fbkq
cfu] kmnfgf lhNnf, df}hf, 7fp“ a:g] cGbfhL olt jif{sf] kmnfgfn] of] of] Joxf]/f
u/]sf] x'gfn] o; s'/fsf] d]/f] ePsf] tkl;ndf n]lvPsf] ;fIfL k|df0f a'emL P]g
adf]lhd OG;fkm eO{ ;hfo ldnf];\ jf of] olt kl/aGbn] xf] rLh olt e/fO{ lbnfO{
kfp“ -hf] ePsf] Joxf]/f k|s/0f 5'6\ofO{ n]Vg' n]vfO{ lng' k5{ ._
tkl;n
o; s'/fsf] k|df0f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
;fIfL – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
b]vL hfGg]
kmnfgf lhNnf, df}hf, 7fp“ a:g] cGbfhL jif{ oltsf] kmnfgf jf
gfp“ ghfg]sf] lrGx]sf] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
;'gL hfGg]
kmnfgf lhNnf, df}hf, 7fp“ a:g] cGbfhL jif{ oltsf] kmnfgf jf
gfp“ ghfg]sf] lrGx]sf] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
sfuh – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
kmnfgf] ldltsf] kmnfgf Joxf]/fsf] sfuh kmnfgf 7fp“df 5 – – – – – – – – – –
kmnfgf lhNnf, df}hf, 7fp“df hGd e} xfn kmnfgf lhNnf, df}hf,
7fp“ a:g] kmnfgfsf] 5f]/f, 5f]/L, klt jf kTgL olt jif{sf]
kmnfgfn] c8\8fdf r9fP“ . -lbg]sf] ;xL5fk ug'{ u/fpg' k5{_
Olt ;+jt\ @) === === === ;fn === === ut] /f]h === z'ed\ ––––––––––––––––––
&& g+= .. .. lnvtsf] k|s[ltaf6 cfkm";“u /xg' kg]{ jf cfkm"n] k|fKt
ug{ ;Sg] lnvt k|df0fsf] ;Ssn / To;sf] Psk|lt gSsn jfbLn] ph'/Lsf;fy /
k|ltjfbLn] k|ltpQ/kqsf ;fy jf aofg ubf{ k]z ug'{ k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd pNn]v jf

 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(28)
k]z gu/]sf] ;a"t k|df0f kl5 a'lemg] jf nfUg] 5}g, t/ b]xfosf cj:yfdf b]xfo
adf]lhd x'G5 – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] / x"nb·f s'6kL6 d'2fdf lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kqdf
n]lvPb]lv afx]ssf lnlvt k|df0f jf ;fIfL jf ;/hdLgsf dflg; klg a'‰g'
kg]{ b]lvPdf c8\8fn] lemsfO{ a'‰g' x'G5 – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – !
cbfntdf af]sL Nofpg g;lsg] lnvtsf xsdf dfly n]lvP adf]lhd lnvt
bflvn ubf{ ;f] lnvtsf] gSsn dfq bflvn u/] klg x'G5 – – – – – – – – – @
o;} dxnsf] &* gDa/df n]lvPsf] s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd x'G5 – – – – – – – – #
o;} dxnsf *# gDa/ adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf d'2f s'g} dgfl;a sf/0f b]vfO{
emul8ofn] s'g} lnvt k|df0f k]z ug{ csf]{ tfl/v tf]sL kfp“ egL lgj]bg
u/]df c8\8fn] ;f] lnvt k|df0f k]z ug{ a9Ldf k}+tL; lbg;Ddsf] csf]{ tfl/v
tf]lslbg ;Sg]5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
s'g} gof“ / dxTjk"0f{ lnvt k|df0f lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq lb+bfsf avt
cfkm"n] e/dUb"/ sf]lzz ubf{ klg yfxf gkfPsf] jf k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf]n] ;f]
k|df0fkq k]z ug{ cg'dlt kfp“ egL emul8ofn] lgj]bg lbPdf Joxf]/f dgfl;a
b]lvP c8\8fn] ;f] s'/fsf] krf{ v8f u/L ;f] k|df0f a'‰g x'G5 – – – – – – – %
&* g+= .. .. ;a"t k|df0f a'‰g] egL tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf jfbLsf]
k|df0fsf] sfuh k|ltjfbLnfO{ / k|ltjfbLsf] k|df0fsf] sfuh jfbLnfO{ ;Ssn} b]vfO{
;'gfO{ ;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL s] eG5 ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] aofg u/fpg' k5{ . p;}
avt ;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL 5'6\ofpg g;Sg] e} xflsdsf thaLhn] Dofb lbg
kg]{ 7x/fPdf tLg lbg;Ddsf] Dofb lbg x'G5 . emul8of afx]s c?sf] ;xL5fk
k/]sf] sfuh k]z ePsf]df p;} avt ;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL 5'6\ofpg g;Sg] e}
Dofb dfu]df k|df0f ;lxt ;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhLdf aofg ug{ a9Ldf k}+tL;
lbg;Ddsf] Dofb lbg' k5{ . Dofb lb+bf ;f] Dofb kfpg]sf] ;f] sfuh b]v]“ ;'g]“ eGg]
sfuh u/fpg' k5{ . ;f] Dofbleq ;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL h] eG5 aofg u/fO{ lng'
k5{ . sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL xf] eGg] aofg u/]sf lbg lghsf emul8ofx? xflh/
/x]sf] eP /x]sf hltsf] p;} lbg / dgfl;a sf/0fn] ;f] xflh/ g/x]sf] hltnfO{
P]g adf]lhd xflh/ ePs} lbg aofg u/fO{ lng' k5{ . jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foL
tfl/vdf /x]sf]df emul8ofnfO{ g} lemsfpg' cfjZos b]lvPdf emul8of lemsfO{
emul8ofsf] aofg u/fpg klg x'G5 . ;f] Dofbleq bflvn u/] hlt ;a'tsf] bflvn
ePs} lbg cs0f{ u/fO{ lng' k5{ . ;f] Dofbleq bflvn gu/]sf] k|df0f nfUg ;St}g .
&( g+= .. .. lkm/fbkq, k|ltpQ/kqdf k|df0f n]lvPsf sfuhkqx?
bflvn u/]kl5 gSsn ;f/L jf ;/fO{ ;Ssn adf]lhd gSsn b'?:t 5 eGg] To;}
sfuhdf bflvn ug]{ emul8ofsf] / c8\8fsf sDtLdf d'lvof ljrf/L bhf{;Ddsfn]
;Ssn;“u gSsn ?h' u/L b'?:t 5 eGg] ;xL5fk u/L xflsdsf] / c8\8fsf] 5fk
nufO{ ldl;n;fy /fVg' k5{ . ;f] avt ;Ssn} sfuhx? lng' kb}{g . ;f] ;Ssn
sfuhx?df qmd};“u gDa/ r9fO{ kL7df c8\8fsf] 5fk nufO{ lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ . kl5
;Ssn x]g'{ k/]df emul8ofaf6 lnO{ x]/L lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ . sLt]{ egL gfln; ph"/
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(29)
k/]df h'g sfuhnfO{ sLt]{ eg]sf]5 ;f]xL ;Ssn} lnO{ lxkmfht;“u ldl;n;fy /fvL
t'?Gt emul8ofnfO{ e/kfO{ lbg' k5{ . To:tf] ;Ssn sfuh ln+bf nfndf]x/ jf
c8\8fvfgfaf6 ul/lbPsf] sfuh afx]s c? ;Ssn sfuhdf kL7df bflvn ug]{sf]
d}n] bflvn u/]sf] x'“ eGg] n]vL n]vfO{ lghsf] / sLt]{ xf] egL aofg ug]{sf] aofg
ubf{ ;f] sfuh b]vfPsf avt b'a} cf}+7fsf] NofKr] / n]Vg hfGg] eP x:tfIf/ ;d]t
u/fO{ ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' k5{ .
*) g+= .. .. c8\8fdf kl//x]sf] kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf k|ltjfbLsf n]vaf6
p7]sf] P]gn] b]jfgL sfod x'g] d'2f jf b]jfgL d'2fdf k|ltjfbLsf n]vaf6 p7]sf]
P]gn] kmf}hbf/L sfod x'g] d'2f ;f] kmf}hbf/L jf b]jfgL d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fn]g} To;}
ldl;naf6 7f8f] aofg lnO{ o;} dxnsf] &* gDa/ ;d]tsf] sfg"g adf]lhd
sf/afxL lsgf/f ug'{ k5{ . t/ s'g} P]g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] jf ;'lDkPsf] d'2f dfq
x]g]{ c8\8fn] ;f]xL P]g adf]lhd ;f] d'2fdf dfq sf/afxL lsgf/f ug'{ k5{ .
*! g+= .. .. jf/]06 hf/L x'g] d'2f afx]s c? d'2fdf lkm/fbkq lbg]n]
Psf3/;“u a;]sf hxfg afx]s c? kf“r hgf;Ddsf gfp“df lb+bf hlt hgfsf]
gfp“df lbg' k/]sf]5 Tolt k|lt, kf“r hgfb]lv a9Lsf] gfp“df lb+bf hlt;'s} hgf
ePklg kf“r} k|lt / Psf3/;“u a;]sf hxfgsf gfp“df lb+bf hlt hgf ePklg ;f]
hxfg hltnfO{ Ps k|lt lkm/fbkqsf] gSsn l6s6jfnf lnkmfdf n]vL ;Ssn
lkm/fbkqs} ;fydf jfbLn] ;Ssn adf]lhd gSsn b'?:t 5 eGg] n]vL ;xL5fk
;d]t u/L c8\8fn] klg ;f] gSsnnfO{ ;Ssn;“u ?h' u/L lng' k5{ .
*@ g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] d'2f / 3"; vfg] dfUg] ;/sf/L
sd{rf/Ls} x:tfIf/sf] lnvtsf] ;a't lnO{ gfln; u/]sf] 3"; d'2fdf hf];'s}n]
gfln; u/] klg x'G5 . ;f] afx]s c? u}x| d'2fdf h;sf] h'g s'/fdf xs k'U5
p;n] ;f] s'/fdf bfjL u/L gfln; lbP dfq nfU5 .
*# g+= .. .. ;f]x| jif{ gk'u]sf gfafns jf pd]/ k'u]sf] ePklg
j'4fj:yf jf s'g} lsl;dsf] s8f /f]un] ubf{ xf]; 7]ufgfdf gePsf] jf af}nfPsf]
jf b'j} cf“vf gb]Vg] cGwf cGwL jf jSs nf6f nf6L dflg;x?sf] / ljb]zdf uO{
kmsL{ cfpg] 7]ufgf gePsf dflg;sf] xs k'Ug] h'g;'s} s'/fdf gfln;, k|ltpQ/,
k'g/fj]bg, lgj]bg lbg jf d'2f dfldnf ;DaGwL cGo s'g} sfd sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{
ePdf c8\8fsf] cg'dlt lnO{ tL dflg;x?sf] Psf3/;“u j;]sf ;f]x| jif{ gf3]sf]
xsjfnfn] xbDofb leq ug{ kfpg]5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
dfly bkmf ! df n]lvP adf]lhd Psf3/sf xsjfnf gePdf ;f]xL bkmfdf n]lvPsf]
JolQmsf] xsdf lghnfO{ /]vb]v jf ;+/If0f ug]{ JolQmn] c8\8fsf] cg'dlt lnO{ ;f]
JolQmsf] tkm{af6 gfl;n, k|ltpQ/, k'g/fj]bg, lgj]bg lbg jf d'2f dfldnf
;DaGwL cGo s'g} sfd sf/afxL ug{ kfpg]5 –––––––––––––@
dfly ! / @ bkmfdf n]lvPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] sf/0f k/]sf] xf] xf]Og klxn] To;sf]
;a't a'emL xf] /x]5 eg] jfl/; clVtof/gfdf gePklg ;f] b]v/]v ug]{ JolQm
;+/Ifs jf xsjfnfn] ;f] JolQmsf] tkm{af6 ;f] bkmfx?df n]lvP adf]lhd d'2f
dfldnf ;DaGwL sfd sf/afxL ug{ x'G5 –––––––––––––––#

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(30)
dfly ! / @ bkmf adf]lhd cg'dltsf nflu lgj]bg k/]df k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg hf] a'‰g' kg]{ s'/f a'emL cg'dltsf] nflu lgj]bg k/]sf]
Ps dlxgfleq lgj]bgdf lg0f{o u/L lbg' k5{ . To:tf]df xbDofb nfUg] 5}g – – $
*$ g+= .. .. b'O{ y/Lsf] s'6kL6 xft xfnfxfn, ufnL uf]Çtf u/L
emu8f u/]df b'a} y/Ln] jfbL lbP eg] lnO{ sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL lsgf/f ug'{
k5{ .
*% g+= .. .. c8\8fdf d'2f k/L km};nf ePkl5 ;f] km};nf pk/ P]g
adf]lhdsf] k'g/fj]bg geO{ ;f]xL d'2fdf p;} emul8ofsf gfp“sf] lkm/fbkq lnO{
;'Gg x'“b}g . lnPsf] ePklg vfl/h ul/lbg' k5{ .
*^ g+= .. .. km};nf l8;ld;, ldnfkq, vfl/h ePsf d'2fdf ;f]
km};nf l8;ld;, ldnfkq, vfl/h ePsfn] csf{sf] xs ;d]t hfg] ePsf] /x]5 eg]
h;sf] xs hfg]5 To;}n] yfxf kfPsf k}+tL; lbgleq o;df xfd|f] klg xs nfU5
o;n] dfq xf/L jf l8;ld;, vfl/h, ldnfkq u/fPsf]n] xfd|f] xs hfg] xf]Og egL
cfgf] xs hltdf emul8ofsf gfp“df gfln; lbP OG;fkm ul/lbg' k5{ .
*& g+= .. .. lkm/fbkq lbg NofPdf P]g adf]lhdsf] 9f“rf gldn]sf]df
olt /Lt k'¥ofO{ Nofpg' egL hlt s'/fsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ Nofpg' kg]{ xf] ;f] ;a} Joxf]/f
Ps} k6s kL7df n]vL ldlt ;d]t xfnL c8\8fsf] 5fk nufO{ e/kfO{ u/fO{ lkmtf{
lbg' k5{ . /Lt k'u]sf]df cQf] yfkL lkmtf{ lbg x'“b}g .
** g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf lkm/fbkq,
k|ltpQ/kq jf aofg ;f] d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fdf Ps k6s lbO;s]kl5 c? klg
cleo'Qm x'g\ jf 5g\ egL p;} dflg;n] kl5 ykL n]lvlbPsf] ;b/ x'“b}g . k|x/L
k|ltj]bgsf] xsdf eg] of] aGb]h /xg] 5}g .
*( g+= .. .. Ps} d'2fdf Ps hgfn] Ps c8\8fdf jfbL / csf]{
rf“lxn] p;} d'2fdf csf]{ 7fp“df jfbL lbP5 jf Ps} hgfn] Ps} d'2fdf b'j} c8\8fdf
jfbL lbP5 eg] cl3 hxf“ h:sf] jfbL k/]sf]5 ;f] ;b/ x'G5 . kl5sf] jfltn u/L
d'2f l5Gg' k5{ .
() g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] d'2fsf] s;}sf] lgj]bgkq jf
b/vf:t x'nfsåf/f d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fdf cfof] eg] ;f] lgj]bgkq jf b/vf:t lbg]
dflg;nfO{ t'?Gt af6fsf Dofb afx]s ;ft lbgsf] Dofb 6f“;L lemsfO{ a'‰bf lghn]
;f] k7fPsf] d}n] xf] ;fljt ug{ ;S5' eGof] eg] ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] k|df0f v'nfpg' kg]{
eP v'nfO{ aofg lnO{ sfg"g adf]lhd /Lt k'¥ofO{ dfq aft nflu dfUg]nfO{ kqmg /
sf/afxL ug{ x'G5 . ;f] dflg;n] d}n] k7fPsf] xf]Og eGof] jf a]gfdL /x]5 jf
6f“l;Psf] Dofbleq sf/afxL u/fpg cfPg eg] To:tf] sfuhn] d'2f x]l/g jf
dflg; kqmfp / sf/afxL x'g ;St}g .
(! g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL gx'g] P]gn] 7f8f] a'‰g' kg]{ s'/fsf]
lgj]bgkqdf 7f8f] a'‰g] cfb]z e} cfPdf ;f] bflvn ePsf tLg lbgleq lgj]bg
k7fpg]sf gfp“df cfb]zsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L ;ft lbg] Dofb k7fpg' k5{ . ;f]
Dofbleq xflh/ x'g cfP cfb]z adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . Dofbleq xflh/ x'g cfPg jf
xflh/ e} d}n] lgj]bgkq k7fPs} xf]Og eg]df ;f] cfb]z adf]lhd ug'{ kb}{g .

(31)
  (@ g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] d'2f afx]s c? d'2fdf s;}n]
s;}sf gfddf c8\8fdf gfln; lbPsf]df km};nf gx'“b} ;f] s'/f ;flat ug{ ;lQmg
egL sfuh n]lvlbof] eg] kf“r ;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf u/L c8\8fn] ;f] gfln;
lkmtf{ lbg ;Sg]5 . k'g/fj]bg jf lgj]bg k/]sf]df k'g/fj]bs jf lgj]bsn]
k'g/fj]bg jf lgj]bg bfaL lhls/ k'¥ofpg ;lQmg egL sfuh ul/lbof] eg]
c8\8fsf] cg'dlt lnO{ To:tf] k'g/fj]bg jf lgj]bg lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
(# g+= .. .. P]gn] lemsfpg' kg]{ emul8of / k|df0fsf] dflg;x?nfO{
jf/]06, ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf / Dofb k"hL{ hf/L u/L lemsfpg' kbf{ cGoyf
n]lvPsf]df afx]s d'gfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0fn] afx]s k|ltpQ/jfnfnfO{ gfln; k/L
klxn] lemsfpg' kg]{df d'2f bfo/ ePsf ldltn], c? tfl/vdf g/x]sf emul8ofnfO{
kl5 lemsfpg' k/]df lemsfpg] krf{ v8f ePsf ldltn] / ;fIfL k|df0fsf] dflg;
lemsfpg' kg]{df tnafgf bflvn ePsf jf lemsfpg' kg]{ olsg ePsf ldltn] cfÇg}
c8\8faf6 tfd]n ug'{ kg]{df bz lbgleq hf/L u/L tfd]n ;d]t u/L / c?
c8\8faf6 tfd]n u/fpg' kg]{df tLg lbgleq k7fO;Sg' k5{ .
($ g+= .. .. d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fn] =======================, … … s}bsf]
;hfo x'g] /fhsfh ;DaGwL d'2f, st{Jo Hofg, Hofg dfg]{sf] pBf]u, 8f“sf, uf]aw,
:jb]zL jf ljb]zL d'b|f vf]6f] 6s df/]sf] jf 5fk]sf] / To:tf] vf]6f] d'b|f rng
u/]sf] jf ug{ pBf]u u/]sf] d'2f, ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] dxn cGtu{t ;hfo x'g]
d'2f, hLpdf:g] a]Rg]sf] jf ;f] ;DaGwL d'2f, dfgj a]rlavg jf cf];f/ k;f/
;DaGwL d'2f, nfu" cf}ifw ;DaGwL d'2f, /fi6« ;]jsn] gub jf lhG;L d;f}6 u/]sf]
d'2f, ;/sf/L ;DklQ /x]sf] 3/df cfuf] nufPsf] d'2fdf cleo'QmnfO{ lu/Çtf/ ug{
;s];Ddsf] x'lnof ;d]t v'nfO{ cleo'Qm /x] a;]sf] Onfsfsf] k|x/L sfof{no jf
k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf gfp“df o;} dxnsf] (* gDa/sf] gd"gf adf]lhdsf] jf/]06 b'O{
k|lt / ;ft lbg;Dd tbf?v;fy vf]htnfz ubf{ klg cleo'Qm lu/Çtf/ x'g g;s]
tfd]n ug{ o;} dxnsf] (( gDa/ adf]lhd ;Q/L lbg] DofbL k"hL{ ;d]t n]vL k7fO{
;f] ;ft lbgsf] Dofb gf3]kl5 pQm DofbL k"hL{ hf/L ePsf] Joxf]/f c8\8fsf] ;"rgf
kf6Ldf / oyf;Dej s'g} :yfgLo kq–klqsfdf ;d]t k|sflzt ug'{ k5{ . k|x/L
sfof{no jf sd{rf/Ln] klg jf/]06 kfPkl5 ;f] ab/ jf tfd]n geP;Dd
tbf?v;fy cleo'QmnfO{ vf]htnfz u/L kqmL af6fsf] Dofb afx]s rf}aL;
306fleq jf/]06 hf/L ug]{ c8\8fdf bflvn u/fpg' k5{ . cleo'Qm cGo Onfsfdf
uO{ a;]sf] kQf nfu] To:tf] k|x/L sfof{no jf sd{rf/Ln] cfgf] gfp“sf] jf/]06
cleo'Qm uO{ a;]sf] Onfsfsf] k|x/L sfof{no jf sd{rf/Lsf] gfddf k7fO{ jf/]06
hf/L ug]{ c8\8fnfO{ ;"rgf ug'{ k5{ . To;/L cfPsf]df k|x/L sfof{no jf
sd{rf/Ln] cfgf] gfp“df cfb]z eP ;/x tfd]n ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ . ;f] afx]s

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
;+zf]lwt .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%% åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@
åf/f yk .

(32)
kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf ;dfJxfg / b]jfgL d'2fdf Otnfogfdf af6fsf] Dofb afx]s tL;
lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ hf/L ug'{ k5{ / ;f] ;dfJxfg Otnfogfdf o;} dxnsf] !)$
gDa/sf] gd"gf adf]lhd x'g' k5{ .
(% g+= .. .. af6fsf] Dofbsf] lx;fa ubf{ oftfoftsf] lgoldt ;]jf
rn]sf] 7fp“df /]n / a;af6 cfp“bf jf:tljs nfu]sf] lbg / To:tf] /]n jf a;
grn]sf] 7fp“sf] nflu rf/ sf]zsf] Ps lbgsf] b/n] lx;fa ug{' k5{ . rf/
sf]zb]lv 36L sf]znfO{ Ps lbgsf] Dofb sfod ug'{ k5{ . t/ hDdf rf/ sf]z
eGbf 36L sf]zsf] af6f]nfO{ af6fsf] Dofb lbOg] 5}g .
(^ g+= .. .. DofbL k"hL{sf Dofb;Dddf klg xflh/ gx'“bf P]g
adf]lhd c+z /f]Ssf ePsf]df ;f] dflg; c+z /f]Ssf ePsf] 5 jif{;Dddf xflh/
eof] eg] d'2f km};nf x'“bf ;f] dflg;nfO{ ;hfo x'g] 7x/] hf] lng' kg]{ lnO{ af“sL
/x]sf]df af“sL / s]xL gnfUg]df ;a} km's'jf u/L lbg' k5{ . ;f] km's'jf ubf{ rn
;DklQ lnnfd laqmL e};s]sf]df lnnfd laqmL e} cfDbfgL af“lwP hlt ?k}of“ /
lnnfd e} g;s]sf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] ;a} lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ .
(& g+= .. .. === === ===
(* g+= .. .. jf/]06sf] gd"gf
kmnfgf c8\8faf6 hf/L ePsf] jf/]06
kmnfgf k|x/L sfof{no jf k|x/L sd{rf/Ls} k"hL{ pk|fGt kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g]
o:tf] x'lnof ePsf] kmnfgfnfO{ kmnfgf s;"/df lu/Çtf/ ug'{ k/]sf] x'gfn] of]
jf/]06 ab/ geP;Dd cleo'QmnfO{ tbf?v;fy vf]htnfz ub}{ /xL km]nf k/]sf]
avt kqmL af6fdf efUg pDsg gkfpg] u/L o; c8\8fdf k7fO{ lbg' . af6fsf]
Dofb afx]s ;ft lbg;Dddf klqmPg eg] cf7f}+ lbgsf lbg o;};fy k7fPsf] DofbL
k"hL{ tfd]n u/L To;kl5 klg kqmg tbf?v;fy vf]htnfz ub}{ /xg' . Olt ;+jt\\
@) == == ;fn == == ut] /f]h == == z'ed\ –––––––––––––––––––––––––––
 (( g+= .. .. DofbL k"hL{sf] gd"gf .
kmnfgf c8\8faf6 hf/L ePsf] kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g] kmnfgfsf] gfp“sf] DofbL k"hL{
pk|fGt kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g] kmnfgfn] tkfO{n] kmnfgf] s;"/ u/]sf]5 egL
gfln; lbPsf] jf kmnfgf s;"/df aft nfu]sf]df tkfO{nfO{ lu/Çtf/ ug{ jf/]06
hf/L eO{ /fv]sf]df kqmfp gk/]sf]n] of] DofbL k"hL{ ;d]t 6f“l;Psf]5 . af6fsf
Dofb afx]s ;Q/L lbgleq cfkm} jf jf/]06 adf]lhd kqmfpdf k/L o; c8\8fdf
xflh/ x'g cfP tkfO{sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t a'emL P]g adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g]5 . gcfO{ ;f]
Dofb u'hf/L km/f/ /x] tkfO{sf] c+z /f]Ssf ul/g]5 / 5 jif{;Dddf klg kqmfpdf
k/L jf cfkm} xflh/ x'g gcfP /f]Ssf ePsf] c+z ;d]tsf xsdf P]g adf]lhd
x'g]5 / kl5 ph"/ ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
!)) g+= .. .. === === ===

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(33)
 !)! g+= .. .. ;dfJxfg Otnfogfdf hf/L ubf{ hgxL gd"gf
adf]lhdsf] l6s6jfnf Ps k|lt / a]l6s6jfnf Ps k|lt ;d]t hDdf b'O{ k|lt n]vL
xflsdsf] 5fk jf b:tvt u/L c8\8fsf] 5fk nufO{ tfd]n ug{ nufpg' k5{ .
jf/]06 hf/L x'g] / 7f8f] a'lemPsf] afx]s c? lkm/fbkq k/]sf d'2fdf k|ltjfbLsf
gfp“df ;f] ;dfJxfg Otnfogfdf hf/L ubf{ eg] jfbLn] bflvn u/]sf] lkm/fbkqsf]
gSsndf xflsdsf] 5fk jf b:tvt u/L / c8\8fsf] 5fk nufO{ Psf3/sf] hxfg
hltnfO{ Ps k|lt dfq / ;f] afx]s c? kf“r hgf;Dd k|ltjfbL eP k|ltjfbL lkR5]
hgxL / kf“r hgfb]lv a9L k|ltjfbL eP xflsdsf thjLhn] h; h;nfO{ k7fp“bf
;f] d'2fsf] k|ltjfbL ;a}n] ;f] gSsn x]g{ a'‰g kfpg] x'G5g\ tL d'Vo d'Vo
k|ltjfbLnfO{ Ps Ps k|lt lbgfnfO{ ;f] ;dfJxfg Otnfogfdfsf ;fydf k7fO{ tfd]n
ug{ nfpg' k5{ .
!)@ g+= .. .. jf/]06 hf/L x'g] / 7f8f] a'lemPsf] afx]s c? d'2fsf]
k|ltjfbLsf] gfp“sf] ;dfJxfg Otnfogfdfsf] gd"gf .
kmnfgf c8\8faf6 hf/L ePsf] kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g] k|ltjfbL kmnfgfsf
gfp“sf] ;dfJxfg jf Otnfogfdf
pk|fGt kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g] kmnfgfn] tkfO{sf] gfp“df kmnfgf ldltdf
kmnfgf d'2fdf o; c8\8fdf lkm/fbkq lbPsf] x'gfn] ;f] lkm/fbkqsf] gSsn ;d]t
o;};fy k7fO{ lbPsf] 5 . t;y{ af6fsf Dofb afx]s tL; lbgleq k|ltpQ/kq /
sfg"g adf]lhd cfÇgf] lnvtsf] k|df0f ;d]t lnO{ c8\8f v'Ng] 6foddf o;
c8\8fdf xflh/ x'g cfkm} cfpg' jf sfg"g adf]lhd jfl/; jf sfg"gL Joj;foL
k7fpg' P]g adf]lhd k'k{If x'g]5 cfÇgf] lnvt k|df0fsf ;Ssn gSsn
k|ltpQ/kqsf] ;fydf bflvn ug{ g;s] P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 . ;f] Dofbleq
k|ltpQ/kq lnO{ cfkm" klg cfpg' ePg jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foL klg k7fpg'
ePg eg] P]g adf]lhd d'2f km};nf x'g]5 kl5 tkfO{sf] ph"/ nfUg] 5}g .
Olt ;+jt\\ == == == ;fn == == == ut] /f]h == == == z'ed\ –––––––––––––––––––
!)# g+= .. .. lkm/fbkqsf] gSsn ;dfJxfg jf Otnfogfdfsf ;fy}df
guO{ c? k|ltjfbLsf gfp“df dfq uPsf]df h;sf gfp“df gSsn uPsf]5 ;f]
dflg;sf] gfp“ n]vL kmnfgfnfO{ k7fO{lbPsf] 5 eGg] v'nfO{ ;dfJxfg Otnfogfdf
hf/L ug'{ k5{ .
!)$ g+= .. .. 7f8f] a'lemPsf d'2fdf k|ltjfbLsf gfp“sf] ;dfJxfg
Otnfogfdfsf] gd"gf .
kmnfgf c8\8faf6 hf/L ePsf] kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g] k|ltjfbL kmnfgfsf
gfp“sf] ;dfJxfg jf Otnfogfdf – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
pk|fGt kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g] kmnfgfn] tkfO{sf] gfp“df kmnfgf ldltdf
kmnfgf d'2fdf o; c8\8fdf ph"/ aofg lbPsf] jf tkfO{ pk/ kmnfgf s;"/sf]

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(34)
cleof]u nufO{ kmnfgf ldltdf o; c8\8fdf k|x/L k|ltj]bg k/]sf]n] ;f] d'2fdf
sf/afxL x'g] ePsf] 5 . t;y{ af6fsf Dofb afx]s tL; lbgleq c8\8f v'Ng]
6foddf o; c8\8fdf xflh/ x'g cfkm} cfpg' jf sfg"g adf]lhd jfl/; jf sfg"g
Joj;foL k7fpg' P]g adf]lhd k'k{If x'g]5 . cfkm" klg cfpg' ePg jfl/; jf
sfg"g Joj;foL klg k7fpg' ePg eg] P]g adf]lhd d'2f km};nf x'g]5 . kl5
tkfO{sf] ph"/ nfUg] 5}g . Olt ;+jt\\ === === ;fn === === ut] /f]h === === z'ed\–
!)% g+= .. .. ;dfJxfg Otnfogfdf hf/L ubf{ P]gn] jfl/; clVtof/
lng gx'g] d'2fdf jfl/; k7fpg' eGg] jf]nL n]Vg x'“b}g .
!)^ g+= .. .. ;fIfLsf] gfp“sf] ;dfJxfgsf] gd"gf .
kmnfgf c8\8faf6 hf/L ePsf] ;/hdLgsf dflg; jf jfbL jf
k|ltjfbLsf] ;fIfL kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g] kmnfgfsf gfp“sf] ;dfJxfg
pk|fGt jfbL kmnfgf k|ltjfbL kmnfgfsf] kmnfgf d'2fdf ltdL;“u ;f]Wg'
k/]sf] x'gfn] kmnfgf ldltdf o; a]nf o; c8\8fdf cfpg' . cfPgf} eg] P]g
adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 . Olt ;+jt\\ @) === === ;fn === === ut] /f]h === = z'ed\ .
!)& g+= .. .. c8\8fdf lbg] lkm/fbkq, k|ltpQ/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq
OToflbdf afa' cfdf jf klt kTgLsf] gfd vf]nL n]Vg' k5{ . c8\8faf6 hf/L x'g]
;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb OToflbdf klg h;sf gfp“df hf/L x'g] xf] ;f] JolQmsf]
oyf;Dej afa' cfdf jf klt kTgLsf] gfd vf]nL hf/L ug'{ k5{ .
!)* g+= .. .. ;dfJxfg jf Otnfogfdf hf/L ubf{ k|To]s k|ltjfbLsf]
lgldQ bz ?k}of“sf] b/n] jfbL;“u b:t'/ lnO{ hf/L ug'{ k5{ .
!)( g+= .. .. === === ===
!!) g+= .. .. ;dfJxfg Otnfogfdf Dofb ;"rgf tfd]n ug{ k7fp“bf
tfd]n ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ tfd]n ug{ k7fpg] / tfd]n ug]{
ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb, k"hL{, ;"rgf tfd]n ug{ vl6Psf

;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ tfd]n ug'{ kg]{ ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb, k"hL{

;"rgfsf] tLg k|lt lhDdf lbO{ e/kfO{ u/fpg' k5{ . lghn] klg ;DalGwt JolQm
lrg] hxf“ km]nf k/] klg lghnfO{ a'emfpg x'G5 . ;DalGwt JolQm km]nf gk/] jf
glrg] lghsf] 7]ufgfdf u} a'emL 3/ 8]/f kQf nufO{ dflg; lrgL ;DalGwt
ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o jf ;lrj / c? :yfgLo enfbdL b'O{hgf
/f]xj/df /fvL j]l6s6jfnf ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb, k"hL{, ;"rgf lbP
tfd]n u/]sf] lbg ldlt n]vL ;DalGwt JolQm e]6 eP lgh}nfO{ lgh e]6 geP

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(35)
To;sf pd]/ k'u]sf] Psf3/sf pd]/ k'u]sf s'g} JolQmnfO{ lbO{ / lghx? klg
e]6 ePg jf ePklg a'emL lnPg eg] To;sf] 3/ 8]/fsf] 9f]sfdf ;a}n] b]Vg]
u/L 6f“;L c8\8fdf bflvn ug]{ l6s6jfnf ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb, k"hL{,
;"rgfsf] kL7df s;nfO{ lbP 6f“l;Psf] xf] ;f] / ;f] lbP 6f“l;Psf] lbgsf] ldlt
;d]t n]vL ;f] lbP 6f“l;Psf] avtdf ePsf] dfly n]lvPsf dflg;x? ;d]tsf]
k|i6 a'lemg] u/L P]g adf]lhd ;xL5fk u/L u/fO{ ;f] tfd]n ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] ;d]t
;xL5fk u/L bflvn ug{ Nofpg' k5{ . 3/ b}nfdf 6f“;L tfd]n ul/Psf]df t];|f]
k|ltdf ;f] tfd]nL ldlt hgfO{ ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf
a'emfO{ 5'§} e/kfO{ u/fO{ lng' k5{ jf tfd]nL k|ltsf] kL7df g} ;f] hgfO{
;xL5fk u/fO{ lng' k5{ . To;/L Dofb kfPkl5 ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf
gu/kflnsfn] cfgf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf tTsfn} 6f“:g]5 To;/L ufp“kflnsf jf
gu/kflnsfnfO{ ga'emfOPsf] jf g6f“l;Psf] sf/0faf6} ;DalGwt JolQmsf] 3/
b}nfdf /Ltk"j{s 6f“l;Psf] Dofb j]/Lt ePsf] dflgg] 5}g . 3/ b}nfdf 6f“l;Psf]
ldltaf6} Dofb sfod x'g]5 Dofb tfd]n ug{ hfg]jfnfn] ufp“kflnsf jf
gu/kflnsfdf a'emfpg' kg]{ Dofb ga'emfPdf lghnfO{ k6s} lkR5] Ps ;o
?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 – – – – –!
;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb, ;"rgf tfd]n ug'{ kg]{ 7fp“sf dfly ! bkmfdf
n]lvPsf ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o lhldbf/, tfn'sbf/, rf}sLbf/,
enfb\dL OToflbn] klg ;f]xL bkmfdf n]lvPsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ ;fIfL a;L tfd]n u/L
k7fOlbg] ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
o; gDa/ adf]lhd s'g} sDkgL skf]{/]zg jf cGo ;+ul7t ;+:yf pk/ s'g}
d'2fsf ;DaGwdf ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb, ;"rgf tfd]n ug'{ kbf{ ;f]
;+:yfsf] To; avt d'Vo e} sfd ug]{ d}g]lh· 8fO/]S6/ jf 8fO/]S6/ jf c?
s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ tfd]n ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – #
dfly bkmf !, @ / # df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;/sf/L

sfof{no jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] gfddf jf To:tf] sfof{no jf ;+:yfdf sfd ug]{

sd{rf/Lsf] gfddf ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb, ;"rgf tfd]n ug'{ kbf{ /lhi6/L
u/L x'nfsåf/f tfd]n ug{ x'G5 . To;/L x'nfs€f/f k7fPsf]df To:sf] kx'“r
/l;b c8\8fdf bflvn ePkl5 ;f] ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb jf ;"rgf
cGoyf k|dfl0ft geP;Dd /Ltk"j{s tfd]n ePsf] dflgg]5 – – – – – – #s=
o; gDa/df cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;df≈jfg, Otnfogfdf,
Dofb, k"hL{, ;"rgf tfd]n ubf{ ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/L jf To:tf ;+:yfsf] s'g} ;b:o jf kbflwsf/LnfO{ Dofb a'emfpg hf“bf
a'emL glnPdf jf lgh sfof{nodf km]nf gk/]df sfof{nodf klg a'emfpg
;lsg]5 . To;/L a'emfp“bf lghn] ga'em]sf] jf lgh km]nf gk/]sf]n] To;/L
a'emfpg' k/]sf] Joxf]/f n]vfO{ NofPsf]df /Ltk"j{s tfd]n ePsf] dflgg]5 .

 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
yk .

(36)
 t/ sfof{nodf pkl:yt gePsf] sd{rf/L, ;b:o jf kbflwsf/Lsf]
xsdf eg] lgh sfof{nodf pkl:yt ePsf] lbgnfO{ g} Dofb tfd]n ePsf] lbg
dflgg]5 – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #v=
bkmf #v= adf]lhd ;df≈jfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb, k"hL{, ;"rgf a'emfpg

NofPsf]df ;DalGwt sfof{non] klg a'lemlnO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L oyfzL3|

;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #u=
ljb]zL JolQmsf] gfddf Dofb tfd]n ug'{ kbf{ To:tf] JolQmsf] g]kfn ========

leq s'g} lsl;dsf] sfof{no jf k|ltlglw eP To:tf] sfof{no jf k|ltlglwsf]

gfddf Dofb tfd]n ug'{ k5{ . To:tf] sfof{no jf k|ltlglw gePdf To:tf] JolQm
:yfoL a;f]af; ug]{ jf /x]sf] 7]ufgfdf / g]kfndf lghn] s'g} sf/f]af/ u/]sf]
eP sf/f]af/ ubf{sf] avt kqfrf/sf] nflu lghn] lbPsf] 7]ufgf /x]5 eg]
To:tf] 7]ufgfdf 6]n]S;, 6]lnÇofS; jf clen]v x'g ;Sg] b"/;~rf/sf cGo
dfWod dfkm{t jf /lhi6/L u/L x'nfs dfkm{t Dofb tfd]n ug'{ k5{ . To;/L
tfd]n ubf{ nfUg] vr{ c8\8fn] sf]6{ kmL ;/x e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 – – – – – – #3=
dfly bkmf !, @, #, #s=, #v=, #u= / #3= adf]lhd tfd]n u/L NofPsf]

;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb, ;"rgf bflvn ePkl5 c8\8fn] klg P]g

adf]lhdsf] /Ltk"j{s tfd]n eO{ cfPsf] 5 5}g egL hf“r u/L P]gsf] /Lt k'u]sf]
b]lvP c8\8fdf bflvn u/]sf] ldlt n]vL d}n] 3/åf/ dflg; km/s kf/L jf
tfd]n geP glbPsf]df tfd]n u/] ul/lbP“ egL / gePsf] dflg; ;fIfLdf
;xL5fk u/fO{ NofPsf] ;d]t 7x/] P]g adf]lhd ;hfo a'emfp“nf egL cs}{ 5'§}
sfuhdf n]vL tfd]n u/L Nofpg]sf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ ;f] a'emfpg NofPsf]
;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb, ;"rgf ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg] ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – $
;f] adf]lhd u/L lnO{ ;s]kl5 c8\8fn] hf“Rbf P]gsf] /Lt gk'¥ofO{ tfd]n u/L
NofPsf] b]lvof] jf ph"/ k/L a'‰bf a]lx;fa u/]sf] 7x¥of] eg] km]l/ P]gsf] /Lt
k'¥ofO{ tfd]n u/fpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – %
sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} emul8ofnfO{ tfd]n ug'{ kg]{ ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf,

Dofb, ;"rgf lghsf] jfl/; jf To; sfdsf] nflu clwsf/ kfPsf sfg"g
Joj;foLnfO{ klg dfly n]lvP adf]lhd tfd]n ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;f] adf]lhd
tfd]n ePsf]df emul8ofnfO{ g} tfd]n ePsf] dflgg]5 – – – – – – – – – – – ^
!!! g+= .. .. c8\8faf6 tfd]n ug{ k7fPsf] ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf,
Dofb, k"hL{, ;"rgf tfd]n ubf{ jf jf/]06 adf]lhd kqmfp, vfgtnf;L jf sAhf ubf{
jf gS;f ;/hdLg ubf{ ;d]t ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o,

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
yk .
 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
;+zf]lwt .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(37)
tfn'sbf/, :yfgLo enfbdL ;d]tn] ;DalGwt dflg;sf] 3/åf/ vf]hL b]vfO{ lrgfO{
sfd tfd]n ug{ cfjZos ;a} ;xof]u u/L ;fIfL a:g' kg]{df a;L ;xL5fk ul/lbg'
k5{ . ;f] gug]{nfO{ Ps ;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 . s;}n] em'§f Joxf]/f n]vfO{
b]vfO{ lbP jf Joxf]/f em'§f kf/L tfd]n u/fPdf jf em'§f d'r'Nsf u/L lbPdf jf ;f]
s'g} sfd tfd]n ug{ afwf lj/f]w u/]df jf 6f“;]sf] ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb,
k"hL{, ;"rgf s}lkmot u/L Roft] pvf8]df jf jf/]06 adf]lhd kqmfp ug'{ kg]{
dflg;nfO{ efUg pDsg d2t lbPdf jf bafO{ l5kfO{ /fv]df jf kqmfp ug{ ;xof]u
gu/]df jf tfd]n ug{ hfg]n] ablgot u/L sfd tfd]n gu/]df lghnfO{ Ps xhf/
?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf kGw| lbg;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
!!@ g+= .. .. 3/åf/sf] kQf gePsf] dflg;nfO{ ;dfJxfg,
Otnfogfdf, Dofb, ;"rgf hf/L ug'{ kbf{ p;sf] ufp“, zx/, 6f]n n]lvPsf] eP
;f]xL 7fp“df / ufp“, zx/, 6f]n klg kQf gnfu]sf] eP c8\8fsf glhs ;a}n] b]Vg]
7fp“df 6f“l;lbg' k5{ .
!!# g+= .. .. cfÇgf c8\8fsf Onfsf afx]s c? Onfsfdf ;dfJxfg,
Otnfogfdf, Dofb, ;"rgf tfd]n ug'{ kbf{ cfÇgf c8\8fsf] k"hL{;fy Onfsfsf
c8\8fdf k7fpg' k5{ . ;f] Onfsfsf c8\8fn] klg o;} dxnsf] !!) gDa/
adf]lhd /Lt k'¥ofO{ tfd]n u/fpg' k5{ .
!!#s= g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !!# gDa/df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg c? c8\8fsf] Onfsf cGtu{t kg]{ 7fp“ ePklg d'2f bfo/ ePsf]
c8\8faf6} kfos kg]{ 7fp“ xf] egL Dofb tfd]n ug{ lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf ;f] c8\8fn]
dgfl;a b]v]df cfÇgf] Onfsfdf Dofb tfd]n u/] ;/x To:tf] Dofb tfd]n ug{
cfb]z lbg]5 .
!!$ g+= .. .. === === ===
!!% g+= .. .. k|df0f a'‰g tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf xflh/ gePsf ;fIfLnfO{
jfltn ug'{ k5{ . t/ g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] jf kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf ga'emL gx'g]
;fIfLsf ;DaGwdf ;dfJxfg hf/L u/L a'‰g x'G5 . dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf afx]s ;f]
adf]lhd ;dfJxfg hf/L ubf{ klg xflh/ gx'g] ;fIfLnfO{ krf; ?k}of“ hl/afgf u/L
kqmfp ug{ k7fO{ NofO{ asfpg' k5{ . kqmg k7fp“bf klg km]nf k/]g eg] af6fsf
Dofb afx]s ;ft lbgsf] km]l/ ;dfJxfg hf/L ug'{ k5{ . ;f] ;dfJxfg adf]lhd
tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf klg xflh/ x'g cfPg eg] kqmfp ug{ k7fO{ NofO{ asfO{ kGw|
lbgb]lv k}+tfnL; lbg;Dd s}b ug{ ;Sg]5 . Tolt ubf{ klg klqmPg eg] To:tfnfO{
;f] adf]lhd ;hfo ug]{ u/L a'lemPsf] k|df0faf6 d'2f km};nf ul/lbg' k5{ .
!!^ g+= .. .. jf/]06 hf/L u/L kqmg' kg]{ dflg;nfO{ / xltof/
vhfgf ;DaGwL d'2fsf cleo'QmnfO{ 3/leq k;L kqmg kbf{ h'g;'s} avtdf
ePklg kqmg' kg]{ dflg; efUg gkfpg] u/L af6f] /f]Ssf u/L hgfp lbO{ 3/leq

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
yk .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(38)
k;]/ kqmg x'G5 . n]lvPb]lv afx]s c? dflg;nfO{ kqmg' kbf{ 3/sf] rf]s cf“ugdf
;Dd uO{ kqmg x'G5 . ;f] 7fp“;Dd hf“bf kqmfp x'g ;s]g eg] hgfp lbO{
;"of]{bob]lv ;"of{:t;Dddf 3/leq k;]/ klg kqmfp ug{ x'G5 .
!!& g+= .. .. :jf:gLdflg;nfO{ kqmg k7fpg' kbf{ :jf:gLdflg;
l;kfxL ePsf c8\8fn] :jf:gLdflg; l;kfxL / gePsf c8\8fn] b'O{ hgf l;kfxL
k7fO{ 8fsL Nofpg' k5{ . nf]Ug]dflg;n] xft xfnL kqmg x'“b}g . gcfO{ cl8O{ eg]
dfq gf8Ldf ;dfO{ Nofpg' k5{ .
!!* g+= .. .. b]xfosf d'2fsf dflg;nfO{ b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd
u/L /fvL d'2f x]g'{ k5{ . – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
===========================– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !

b]xfosf] s'g} ck/fwdf tTsfn k|fKt k|df0faf6 s;"/bf/ b]lvg] ePdf jf To:tf]
k|df0faf6 s;"/bf/ xf] eGg] ljZjf; ug]{ s'g} dgfl;a cfwf/ ePdf cGoyf
k|dfl0ft geP;Dd c8\8fn] cleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf /fvL d'2fsf] k'k{If ug'{ k5{ – – @
…… hGd s}bsf] ;hfo x'g ;Sg] ck/fw ––––– –––––––!
g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL e} rn]sf] tLg jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L s}bsf] ;hfo x'g
;Sg] ck/fw – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
dfly plNnlvt ck/fwsf] pBf]u, b'?T;fxg jf ck/flws if8oGq u/]sf] jf
To:tf] ck/fwdf dltof/ ePsf] ck/fw ––––––––––––– –!
g]kfn ========= df :yfoL a;f]jf; gePsf] s'g} cleo'Qm tTsfn k|fKt
k|df0faf6 5 dlxgf jf ;f] eGbf a9L s}bsf] ;hfo x'g ;Sg] ck/fwsf]
s;"/bf/ xf] eGg] ljZjf; ug]{ s'g} dgfl;a cfwf/ ePdf c8\8fn] lghnfO{
y'gfdf /fvL d'2fsf] k'k{If ug'{ k5{ ––––––––––––––––––#
dfly @ / # bkmfdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cleo'Qm gfafns jf
zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s /f]u nfu]sf] sf/0faf6 y'gfdf /fVg' cg'ko'Qm x'g] egL
c8\8fn] 7x¥ofPsf] JolQm /x]5 eg] c8\8fn] w/f}6 jf hdfgt lnO{ lghnfO{
y'gfdf g/fv]klg x'G5 . ck/fw x'“bfsf] kl/l:ylt, cleo'Qmsf] pd]/ lghsf] zf/Ll/s
jf dfgl;s cj:yf / klxn]sf] cfr/0fnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ s'g} cleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf
/fVg pko'Qm gb]lvPdf, ======= hGds}bsf] ;hfo x'g ;Sg] ck/fw u/]sf] jf
;f] ck/fwsf] pBf]u, b'?T;fxg jf ck/flws if8oGq u/]sf] jf To:tf]
ck/fwdf dltof/ ePsf] cleof]u nfu]sf] cleo'Qm afx]s To:tf] cleo'Qm;“u
cbfntn] w/f}6 jf hdfgt lnO{ lghnfO{ y'gfdf g/fv] klg x'G5 – – – – – – $
dfly @ jf # bkmf adf]lhd x'g]df afx]s tTsfn k|fKt k|df0faf6 s'g} cleo'Qm
s;"/bf/ xf] eGg] ljZjf; ug]{ s'g} dgfl;a cfwf/ ePdf c8\8fn] lgh;“u
w/f}6 jf hdfgt lnO{ d'2fsf] k'k{If ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – %

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%% åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%% åf/f lemlsPsf] .

(39)
k'k{Ifsf nflu y'gfdf jf hdfgt jf w/f}6Ldf g/x]sf] cleo'Qm kl5 k|fKt
k|df0faf6 s;"/bf/ xf] eGg] ljZjf; ug]{ cfwf/ ePdf d'2fsf] sf/afxL h'g;'s}
cj:yfdf k'u]sf] ePklg c8\8fn] dfly bkmf @, # jf % adf]lhd cleo'QmnfO{
cj:yfg';f/ y'gfdf /fVg jf lgh;“u w/f}6 jf hdfgt dfUg x'G5 . z'?df
cleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf g/fv]sf] jf lgh;“u w/f}6 jf hdfgt glnPsf] sf/0fn]
dfq kl5 lghnfO{ ;f] adf]lhd y'gfdf /fVg jf lgh;“u w/f}6 jf hdfgt
dfUg c8\8fnfO{ afwf kf/]sf] dflgg] 5}g –––––––––––––––^
o; gDa/sf] bkmf @, #, * jf ( adf]lhd y'gfdf k/]sf] s'g} cleo'Qm kl5
k|fKt k|df0faf6 s;"/bf/ xf]Og eGg] ljZjf; ug]{ s'g} dgfl;a cfwf/ ePdf
d'2fsf] sf/afxL h'g;'s} cj:yfdf k'u]sf] ePklg c8\8fn] lghnfO{ y'gfaf6
5f8\g ;Sg]5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – &
of] gDa/ adf]lhd c8\8fn] dfu]sf] w/f}6 jf hdfgt glbg] cleo'QmnfO{
c8\8fn] y'gfdf /fvL d'2fsf] sf/afxL ug]{5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – *
s'g} cleo'Qm;“u lnPsf] w/f}6 jf hdfgt kl5 ckof{Kt b]lvg cfPdf c8\8fn]
lgh;“u yk w/f}6 jf hdfgt dfUg / lghn] ;f] adf]lhd yk w/f}6 jf
hdfgt glbPdf lghnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg ;Sg]5 ––––––––––––(
dfly bkmf bkmf adf]lhd lng' kg]{ w/f}6 jf hdfgtsf] c° tf]Sbf b]xfosf
s'/fx?sf] ljrf/ u/L tf]Sg' kg]{5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !)
ck/fwsf] k|s[lt – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
cleo'Qm jf s;"/bf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf Pj+ kfl/jfl/s l:ylt – – – – – – – !
lghsf] pd]/ / klxn] s'g} ck/fwsf] s;"/bf/ 7x/L ;hfo kfPsf] 5 jf 5}g
eGg] s'/f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
Joxf]g'{ kg]{ Ifltk"lt{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
dfly bkmf bkmf adf]lhd s'g} JolQm;“u dfluPsf] w/f}6 jf hdfgt rsf]{ jf
ckof{Kt eof] eGg] s'g} dgfl;a sf/0f b]vfO{ d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] lgj]bg lbPdf
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] ;f] c8\8fn] w/f}6 jf hdfgtsf] c° 36fpg jf a9fpg
;Sg]5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !!
!!( g+= .. .. o; dxndf o; cl3 h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
cleo'QmnfO{ s'g} xfntdf klg lgh pk/ nufOPsf] cleof]u k|dfl0ft ePdf x'g
;Sg] clwstd s}bsf] ;hfosf] cjlweGbf a9L cjlw;Dd y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .
!@) g+= .. .. k'k{Ifsf] lgldQ y'gfdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ d'2f km};nf x'“bf
nfUg] 7xl/Psf] hl/afgf jf s}bsf] ;hfosf] c°df lgh y'lgPsf] lbg ldgfxf lbO{
af“sL dfq c;"n ul/g] jf s}b ul/g]5 .
!@! g+= .. .. d'2fsf] ;DaGwdf h'g;'s} Joxf]/fn] y'gfdf /fVbf o:tf]
cleof]udf o; sfg"gsf] of] gDa/ bkmf cg';f/ y'gfdf /flvPsf] xf] egL ;f]
y'gfdf /flvOg] JolQmnfO{ sf/0f vf]nL k"hL{ glbO{ y'gfdf /fVg x'“b}g . ;DalGwt

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(40)
kIfsf] lgj]bg gk/] klg k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fn] y'gf u}/ sfg"gL jf j]/Lt xf] jf
xf]Og egL hf“ra'em ug{ / u}/ sfg"gL jf a]/Lt b]lvPdf sfg"g adf]lhd pko'Qm
cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
!@@ g+= .. .. s'g} d'2fdf s'g} JolQm y'lgPsf] 5, s'g} JolQm w/f}6
hdfgLdf jf tfl/vdf 5 jf km/f/ eO{ /fv]sf] 5 / gy'lgPsf] JolQmsf] xsdf
sfg"g cg';f/ c· k'¥ofpg ;do nfUg] e} Ps};fy sf/afxL ubf{ y'lgPsf xsdf
lgh y'lgPsf] ldltn] sfg"gsf] Dofbleq lsgf/f nufpg g;lsg] b]lvPdf cbfntn]
y'lgPsf JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf dfq hf] a'‰g' kg]{ a'emL lsgf/f nufpg ;Sg]5 .
To;/L lsgf/f nufpg x'g]sf xsdf lsgf/f gnufO{ lagf sf/0f y'gfdf /fVg
x'“b}g .
!@# g+= .. .. o; dxn adf]lhd sf/afxLsf] nflu y'gfdf /flvPsf]
s'g} cleo'Qmsf] ;DaGwdf k|df0f a'‰g klxnf] k6s tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf] ldltn] Ps
jif{leq d'2fsf] lsgf/f gePdf To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{ o;} dxnsf] !!* gDa/sf] bkmf
@ adf]lhd y'gfdf /flvPsf] eP lgh;“u w/f}6 jf hdfgt lnO{ / ;f]xL gDa/sf]
bkmf * jf ( adf]lhd y'gfdf /flvPsf] eP w/f}6 jf hdfgt s]xL glnO{ y'gfaf6
5f]8L d'2fsf] sf/afxL ug'{ k5{ . t/ kf“r jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L s}b … … jf
hGd s}bsf] ;hfo x'g] s'g} ck/fwsf] cleof]u nfu]sf] s'g} cleo'Qmsf] ;DaGwdf
of] gDa/sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g / k6s] ck/fwLnfO{ c8\8fn] dgfl;a ;Dem]df
y'gfd} /fvL sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!@$ g+= .. .. c8\8faf6 tf]lsPsf] ;do / :yfgdf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{
JolQm tf]lsP adf]lhd pkl:yt gePdf tT;DaGwdf /fv]sf] w/f}6 hkmt x'g]5 /
hdfgt lbPsf] eP o;} dxnsf] !@$s= gDa/ adf]lhd u/fOPsf] sfuh cg';f/
hdfgtsf] /sd c;"n ug'{ k5{ . t/ To:tf] JolQmn] cfkm" pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf]
s'g} dgfl;a sf/0f b]vfPdf c8\8fn] ;f] adf]lhd gug{ klg ;Sg]5 .
!@$s= g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !!* gDa/ adf]lhd s'g} JolQm;“u w/f}6
ln+bf c8\8faf6 tf]lsPsf] ;do / :yfgdf pkl:yt gePdf w/f}6 hkmt x'g] zt{
pNn]v u/L sfuh u/fpg' k5{ –– –––––––––––––––––!
o;} dxnsf] !!* gDa/ adf]lhd hdfgt ln+bf hdfgtsf] c° tf]sL ;f]
adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ hdfgt lng' k5{ . hdfgt lbg' kg]{ JolQmn] cfÇg} ;DklQ
hdfgt lbPsf] eP c8\8faf6 tf]lsPsf] ;do / :yfgdf pkl:ylt gePdf
hdfgtsf] /sd ;f] hdfgt /x]sf] ;DklQ jf lghsf] c? s'g} ;DklQaf6 c;"n
ug]{ zt{ pNn]v u/L lghsf] sfuh u/fpg' k5{ . lghsf] nflu c? s;}n] cfÇgf]
;DklQ hdfgt lbPsf] eP c8\8faf6 tf]lsPsf] ;do / :yfgdf lghnfO{ pkl:yt
gu/fPdf hdfgtsf] /sd ;f] hdfgt /x]sf] ;DklQ jf hdfgL x'g] JolQmsf] c?
s'g} ;DklQaf6 c;"n ug]{ zt{ u/fO{ hdfgL x'g] JolQmsf] sfuh u/fpg' k5{ – @
w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbg' kg]{ JolQm gfafns eP dfly bkmf ! jf @ adf]lhd u/fpg'
kg]{ sfuh lghsf] ;§f lghsf] ;+/Ifsaf6 u/fpg' kb{5 – – – – – – – – – – #
 b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%% åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(41)
  !@$v= g+= .. .. of] P]g jf cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cGoyf x'g]df
afx]s txlssftsf] l;nl;nfdf lnPsf] w/f}6 jf hdfgt txlssft ;lsPkl5
lkmtf{ jf km's'jf u/L lbg' k5{ . c8\8fn] s'g} d'2fdf sf/afxLsf nflu lnPsf]
w/f}6 jf hdfgt ;f] d'2fsf] lg0f{o ePkl5 lkmtf{ jf km's'jf u/L lbg' k5{ .
!@$u= g+= .. .. c8\8fn] s'g} cleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVbf, y'gfdf
/flvPsf] cleo''QmnfO{ 5f8\bf jf s'g} cleo'Qm;“u w/f}6 jf hdfgt ln+bf sf/0f
;lxtsf] krf{ v8f ug'{ k5{ . ;f] krf{df lrQ ga'‰g]n] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fdf
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] lgj]bgdf tL; lbgleq lg0f{o lbO{ ;Sg' k5{ .
!@% g+= .. .. w/f}6 jf hdfgLdf 5'6]sf] JolQmaf6 km};nf adf]lhd
c;"n ug'{ kg]{ s]xL eP c;"n u/L af“sL w/f}6 lkmtf{ x'g]5 / hdfgLkq :jtM
vfl/h ePsf] dflgg]5 .
!@^ g+= .. .. s'g} JolQm pk/ s'g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]u nufO{ gfln;
ug]{ jf To:tf] cleof]u nufO{ sf/afxL rnfpg k|x/LnfO{ s'g} ck/fwsf] ;"rgf
lbg] JolQmnfO{ To:tf] gfln; u/]sf] jf ;"rgf lbPsf] sf/0fn] dfq txlssft jf
k'k{Ifsf nflu w/f}6 jf hdfgL dflug] jf y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .
!@& g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL e} rnfPsf] kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf kqmfp
e} cfPsf jf cfkm} xflh/ x'g cfPsf k|ltjfbLnfO{ d'2f x]g]{ c8\8faf6 lgh pk/
nfu]sf] cleof]usf] ;a} sfuh ;'gfO{ dtna ;DemfO{ ;f]wL s;"/df ;flat eP p;}
avt 7f8} aofg lnO{ / OGsf/df /x] xflsdsf] thlahn] 7f8} aofg u/fpg kg]{
eP 7f8} aofg lnO{ / cfkm" kf]lngfsf] sf/0f atfO{ ;a't k|df0f vf]nL k|ltjfbL
lbg df}sf lbg x'g] eP k|ltjfbLnfO{ P]g adf]lhd u/L /fvL ;ft lbg;Ddsf] Dofb
lbO{ Dofbleq k|ltjfbL lbP k|ltjfbLaf6 / Dofbleq k|ltjfbL lbg g;s] Dofb
gf3]sf]df ef]lnkN6 c8\8}af6 ;jfn u/L hjfkm lnO{ ;f] adf]lhd sf/afxL lsgf/f
ug'{ k5{ .
!@* g+= .. .. k|ltpQ/ lb+bf jfbLn] kqm] adf]lhd OG;fkm ug'{ kg]{
s'/fsf] rflxg] Joxf]/fsf] hjfkm n]vL NofPsf] dfq o;} gDa/sf] gd"gf adf]lhdsf]
k|ltpQ/kq lng x'G5 . a9\tf d'2fsf] n]vL NofPsf] lng x'“b}g .
k|ltpQ/kq
cfu] kmnfgf lhNnf, df}hf, 7fp“ a:g] jif{ oltsf kmnfgfn] d]/f] gfp“df lbPsf] olt
gDa/sf lkm/fbkqsf] d'2fdf d]/f] ePsf] Joxf]/f of] xf] jf of] Joxf]/fn] lbg' ltg'{
kb}{g u/]sf] xf]Og P]g adf]lhd OG;fkm xf];\ . of] Joxf]/f g7x/] P]g adf]lhd
a'emfp“nf . -hf] Joxf]/f 5 ;f] Joxf]/f k|s/0f 5'6\ofO{ n]Vg' n]vfO{ lng' k5{_
tkl;n
o; s'/fsf] k|df0f – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
;fIfL –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
b]vL hfGg]
kmnfgf lhNnf, df}hf, 7fp“ a:g] cGbfhL jif{ oltsf] kmnfgf

(42)
jf gfp“ ghfg]sf] lrGx]sf] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
;'gL hfGg]
kmnfgf lhNnf, df}hf, 7fp“ a:g] cGbfhL jif{ oltsf] kmnfgf
jf gfp“ ghfg]sf] lrGx]sf] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
sfuh – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
kmnfgf ldltsf] kmnfgf Joxf]/fsf] sfuh kmnfgf 7fp“df 5 –––

kmnfgf lhNnf, df}hf, 7fp“df hGd eO{

xfn kmnfgf lhNnf, df}hf, 7fp“ a:g]
kmnfgfsf] 5f]/f, 5f]/L, klt jf kTgL jif{

oltsf] kmnfgfn] kmnfgf c8\8fdf r9fP“

-lbg]sf] ;xL5fk ug'{ u/fpg' k5{_
Olt ;+jt\\ @) === === ;fn === === ut] /f]h === === z'ed\ ––––––––––––––––––––
!@( g+= .. .. ;dfJxfg, Otnfogfdf, Dofb tfd]n ePsf] emul8ofn]
tf]lsPsf Dofbleq h'g lbgdf k|ltpQ/kq jf aofg lbg cfP klg p;} lbg t'?Gt
lng' k5{ .
!#) g+= .. .. Dofbleq k|ltpQ/kq lbg NofPsf]df jtg;Dd km/s
k/]sf] jf pd]/ gv'n]sf] eP cs}{ sfutdf v'nfO{ / cIf/ bf]xf]l/Psf] jf 9f“rf
gldn]sf] b]lvP k|ltjfbLsf] lsgf/fdf s}lkmot n]vL emul8ofsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{
;f]xL s'/f lz/df ;d]t n]vL xflsdn] b:tvt ;d]t u/L /fVg' k5{ .
!#! g+= .. ..  === === ===
!#@ g+= .. .. P]gn] lkm/fbkq k|ltpQ/kq lnO{ x]g'{ kg]{ d'2f afx]s
c? 7f8} sf/afxL u/L x]g'{ kg]{ d'2fdf d'2f x]g]{ c8\8faf6 jfbL k|ltjfbL;“u hf]
v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/f ;f]wL hjfkm lnO{ k|df0f ;d]t v'nfO{ aofg lnO{ sf/afxL lsgf/f
ug'{ k5{ .
!## g+= .. .. emul8of;“u xflsdn] ;f]Wg' k/]sf] dgfl;a dflkmssf]
s'/f hlxn];'s} ;f]wL sfuh u/fP klg x'G5 .
!#$ g+= .. .. :jf:gLdflg;nfO{ s]xL s'/fsf] cleof]u nfuL cfp“bf
a]dgfl;a 7§f d:s/Lsf lx;fa;“u ;f]w a'em ug{ x'“b}g .
!#% g+= .. .. === === ===

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

(43)
 !#^ g+= .. .. ;/hdLg jf df}sf txlssft ubf{ ;f] 7fp“df km]nf
k/];Ddsf cleo'Qmsf] sfuh u/fO{ lghnfO{ ;d]t /f]xj/df /fvL ug'{ k5{ .
!#& g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL eO{ ;/hdLgdf uO{ t'?Gt a'‰g'
kg]{ afx]s b]jfgL d'2fdf k|ltjfbLx?sf] k|ltpQ/kq kl/g;sL jf k|ltpQ/kq
gnfUg] cj:yf k'lug;sL / kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf aofg jf k|ltpQ/ lnO{g;sL jf ;f]
gnfUg] cj:yf k'lug;sL k|df0f a'‰g x'“b}g .
!#* g+= .. ..  === === ===
!#( g+= .. .. jfbL k|ltjfbLsf k]6af]nLdf n]lvPsf] dflg; ga'emL
d'2f gl5lgg] b]lvPdf k|df0fsf tj/n] c8\8faf6 a'‰g' x'G5 . ;f] a'‰bf k|ltjfbL
;/x sf/0fL b]lvg cfPdf k|ltjfbL ;/x k|df0f ;d]t v'nfO{ aofg lnO{ sf/0fL
;/x g} tfl/vdf /fvL p;n] lbPsf] k|df0f ;d]t a'emL / ;f] JolQm k|df0f
;/x;Dd b]lvPdf aofg;Dd u/fO{ km};nf ug'{ k5{ .
!$) g+= .. .. k|ltpQ/ k/]sf]df ;/sf/L c8\8fdf /x]sf] ;d]t b'O{
y/sf] k|df0f a'‰gfnfO{ k|ltpQ/ btf{ ePsf] ldltn] / tf]lsPsf tfl/vdf k|ltpQ/
lbg g;sL PstkmL{ x'g] ePsf]df PstkmL{ k|df0f a'‰gfnfO{ ;f] tfl/v u'h|]sf ldltn]
;ft lbgb]lv a9\tf dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0fn] afx]s l9nf ug{ x'“b}g .
!$! g+= .. .. ====================== /fhsfh ;DaGwL jf Hofg
;DaGwL d'2fdf jf/bft ePsf] b]Vg] ;fIfLnfO{ h'g c8\8fdf d'2f k/]sf]5 p;}
c8\8fd} lemsfO{ asfpg' k5{ . ;f] afx]s ;'Gg] / c? d'2fsf ;fIfLnfO{ xflsdsf
thaLhn] c8\8fdf NofO{ asfpg' kg]{nfO{ lemsfO{ / c8\8}df lemsfO{ asfpg' gkg]{
6f9fsf eP glhs c8\8f dfkm{t aGb;jfn€f/f a'‰g' k5{ .
!$@ g+= .. .. ga'emL gx'g] c8\8fdf cfpg g;Sg] a"9f a"9L / xf]z
ePsf] czQm a]/fdLnfO{ ;fIfL a'‰g' kg]{ ePdf p;}sf 3/df uO{ p;n] eg]
adf]lhdsf] askq n]vfO{ Nofpg xflsd cfkm} u} jf cfkm"eGbf d'lgsf] ;aeGbf
7"nf] bhf{sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ v6fO{ k7fpg x'G5 .
!$# g+= .. .. jfbL k|ltjfbLdf n]lvPsf ;fIfL jf ;/hdLgsf
dflg;x?nfO{ a'em\g] tfl/v tf]Sbf emul8ofnfO{ klg p;} lbgsf] tfl/v ldnfO{
tf]lslbg' k5{ . cnu cnu tfl/v tf]Sg' x'“b}g . ;fIfL jf ;/hdLgsf dflg;nfO{
a'em\bf emul8ofx?sf] /f]xa/df a'em\g' k5{ . emul8of xflh/ gePsf]df eg]
emul8of gePklg a'em\g x'G5 .
!$$ g+= .. .. jfbL k|ltjfbLdf n]lvPsf ;fIfLx?nfO{ c8\8fn] tf]s]sf]
tfl/vdf d'2fsf kIfx? cf˚}n] pkl:yt u/fpg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd pkl:yt u/fpg
g;s]df o;} dxnsf] !!% gDa/ adf]lhd x'g]df afx]s kl5 To:tf] ;fIfL a'lemg]
5}g . t/ k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf /x]sf] cleo'Qmn] k]z ug{ rfx]sf] ;fIfLnfO{
c8\8}af6 ;dfJxfg hf/L u/L a'emL kfp“ eGg] lgj]bgkq lbPdf c8\8fn] k|lt ;fIfL

 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(44)
kf“r ?k}of“sf] b/n]] ;dfJxfg b:t'/ lnO{ To:tf] ;fIfLsf gfp“df ;dfJxfg hf/L u/L
a'em\g x'G5 .
!$$s= g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] !$$ gDa/df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg c8\8fn] tf]s]sf] tfl/vdf vf]nf], klx/f] jf lxp“n] af6f] aGb eO{ jf sÇo'{
3f]if0ff eO{ jf cGo s'g} Joxf]/faf6 oftfoftsf] ;fwg grn]sf] jf e"sDk h:tf
b}jL k|sf]k k/L ;fIfL pkl:yt u/fpg g;s]sf]df af6f] aGb ePsf] jf oftfoftsf]
;fwg grn]sf] / af6f] v'n]sf] jf oftfoftsf] ;fwg rn]sf] ldlt tyf b}jL k|sf]k
k/]sf] ;d]t Joxf]/f v'nfO{ ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsf jf ;/sf/L
c8\8faf6 lg:;f lnO{ k'gM csf]{ tfl/v tf]sL ;fIfL asfO{ kfp“ egL kIfn] ;f]
tfl/v u'h|]sf] ldltn] af6fsf] Dofb afx]s bz lbgleq pkl:yt eO{ sf/0f vf]nL
lgj]bg lbPdf csf]{ tfl/v tf]sL ;fIfL a'em\g' k5{ .
!$% g+= .. ..  === === ===
!$^ g+= .. .. ;fIfL asfp“bf e/;s tf]lsPsf tfl/vsf lbg}df ;fIfL
asfpg tfl/v tf]lsPsf] ;a} d'2fsf] ;fIfL asfO{;Sg' k5{ . To:tf] ;a} d'2fsf]
;fIfL asfpg gEofpg] ePdf h'g d'2fsf] p;} lbg ;lsG5 ;f] d'2fsf] To;} lbg
asfO{ c? d'2fsf] ;fIfLnfO{ ef]lnkN6}sf] tfl/v tf]lslbg' k5{ . gEofpg] ePdf
afx]s Ps} d'2fsf] ;fIfLx?nfO{ klg sf]xL cfh sf]xL ef]ln kl;{ u/L asfpg x'“b}g .
!$& g+= .. .. aofg askq u/fp“bf h;sf] Ohnf; xf] p;}n] u/fpg'
k5{ / ;f] u/fp“bf lghn] cfgf c8\8fsf] sDtLdf d'lvof ljrf/L bhf{;Ddsf
sd{rf/Lsf] cfjZos ;xfotf lng x'G5 .
!$* g+= .. ..  === === ===
!$( g+= .. .. === === ===
!%) g+= .. .. ;fIfL asfp“bf o; d'2fdf em'§f as] of] ;hfo xf]nf
Odfg wd{ ;DemL ePsf] ;f“rf] s'/f h:tfsf] t:tf] aofg u/ egL klxn] ;'gfO{
dgfl;a dflkms rflxg] Joxf]/fsf] s'/f k'¥ofO{ d'2f g5'6\ofO{ ;jfn hjfkm u/L
gd"gf adf]lhdsf] askq jf aGb ;jfn hf] ug'{ kg]{ ug'{ k5{ .
!%! g+= .. ..  === === ===
!%@ g+= .. .. ;fIfLsf] askqsf] gd"gf .
lhNnf kmnfgf, d'sfd kmnfgf, kmnfgf c8\8fsf xflsd
kmnfgfsf Ohnf;df jfbL jf k|ltjfbLsf] ;fIfL jf o;
Joxf]/fsf] kmnfgfn] Odfg wd{ ;DemL as]sf] askq– – – – –

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
yk .
 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 k|df0f P]g, @)#! åf/f vf/]h .

(45)
;jfn–ltd|f] afa'cfdf eP afa'cfdfsf] geP
;++/IFssf] gfp“, ltd|f] gfp“, y/, pd]/, k]zf s] hjfkm– h] eG5 ;f] n]Vg' k5{ – !
xf] < 3/ sxf“ xf] < – – – – – !
;jfn–b'O{ y/ emul8of;“u ltd|f] lrgfhfgL
sf/f]jf/, gftf, OaL jf emu8f 5 5}g <–– @ hjfkm– h] eG5 ;f] n]Vg' k5{ – @
;jfn–ltdLn] e'm§f as]df ;hfo kfPsf] 5
5}g < – – – – – – – – – – – – – – # hjfkm– h] eG5 ;f] n]Vg' k5{ – #
;jfn–kmnfgfn] kmnfgf dfly o; d'2fsf]
gfln; lbPsf] 5 jf kmnfgf s'/fdf kmnfgf
kqmfp ePsf]5 To;df ltdLn] b]v] hfg] ;'g]sf]
s] s] 5 v'nf;f aofg u/ -jf xflsdsf
thaLhn] c? rflxg] s'/fsf] hjfkm lnP klg
x'G5_ – – – – –– – – – – – $ hjfkm– h] eG5 ;f] n]Vg' k5{ – $
-o:t} /Lt;“u h] ;f]Wg' k5{ ;jfn u/L ;f]Wg / h] hjfkm lbG5 ;f] n]Vg' k5{_
!%# g+= .. ..  === === ===
!%$ g+= .. .. ;fIfL;“u ;jfn ug'{ kg]{ ;a} u/L hjfkm lnO{ ;s]kl5
o; ljifodf ltd|f] aofg ug'{ kg]{ s]xL af“sL 5 ls egL / ltd|f] aofg / aofg
adf]lhd n]lvPsf] b'?:t 5 ls egL ;f]wL h] hjfkm lbG5 ;f] klg n]Vg' k5{ .
!%% g+= .. .. ;jfn hjfkm ;a} n]lv;s]kl5 hjfkmsf] k'5f/df c?
cIf/ yKg gx'g] u/L ;fIfLsf] gfp“ n]vL To;df / aGb aGbdf ;d]t ;fIfLsf]
;xL5fk u/fpg' k5{ . k'5f/df ldlt n]vL lz/df / aGbdf c8\8fsf] 5fk nufO{
lz/ k'5f/ / aGb aGbdf xflsdn] b:tvt klg ug'{ k5{ .
!%^ g+= .. .. ;fIfL asfp“bf h;sf] ;fIfL xf] ;f] emul8of /f]xj/df
eP ;f] emul8ofsf] / ;f] emul8of /f]xj/df geP h'g emul8of 5 p;sf] ;f]
;fIfLn] as] adf]lhd n]v]sf] b'?:t 5 eGg] ;fIfLsf askqsf k'5f/df n]vL
;xL5fk u/fpg' k5{ . b'O{ y/ emul8of geP jf emul8ofn] ;xL5fk gu/] ;f]xL
s}lkmot n]vL xflsdn] b:tvt ug'{ k5{ .
!%& g+= .. .. emul8ofsf] aofg lng' kbf{ askqsf] /Lt;“u ;jfn
hjfkm u/L lng' k5{ . Odfg wd{ ;DemL as]sf] eGg] / ltd|f] aofg ug'{ kg]{ s]xL
s'/f af“sL 5 ls egL ;f]Wg n]vfpg kb}{g .
!%* g+= .. .. aofg askq u/fp“bf s'/f kmf]/L d'2f 5'6\ofO{ 5f]6s/L
;jfn u/L ;f]lwPsf] ;jfn / hjfkm pNn]v ug'{ k5{ .
!%( g+= .. .. emul8of jf ;fIfLsf] c8\8faf6 ;f]wgL ug'{ kg]{ s'/fsf]
;d]t u}x| sfuh u/fp“bf hjfkm} lbPg jf cfkm"n] lbPsf] hjfkmdf ;xL5fk u/]g
eg] s}lkmot n]vL xflsdsf] / p d'lgsf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bhf{sf] Pshgf sd{rf/Lsf]
b:tvt u/L ;f] sfuh ;|]:tfdf /fVg' k5{ .

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 k|df0f P]g, @)#! åf/f vf/]h .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(46)
 !^) g+= .. .. c8\8fdf xflh/ gu/fP x'g] jf 6f9fsf] d'2f k/]sf]
emul8of ;fIfLsf askq jf aGb ;jfn c8\8faf6 u/fpg gkfO{ csf]{ c8\8fdf
k7fO{ tfd]n u/fO{ lng' kg]{df gd"gf adf]lhdsf] aGb;jfn n]vL hlt s'/f ;f]Wg'
kg]{ xf] plt s'/fsf] ;jfn n]vL lz/df c8\8fsf] 5fk / xflsdsf] b:tvt u/L
h'g c8\8fdf k7fO{ hjfkm lng' kg]{ xf] p;} c8\8fsf gfp“df olt lbgleq
aGb;jfn P]g adf]lhd /Lt k'¥ofO{ tfd]n u/L k7fOlbg' eGg] dgfl;a dflkmssf]
Dofb lbO{ n]vf]6 ;fy k7fpg' k5{ .
!^! g+= .. .. aGb;jfnsf] gd"gf .
kmnfgf c8\8fsf xflsd kmnfgfn] hf/L u/]sf]
kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g] kmnfgf emul8of, ;fIfL jf c?
Joxf]/fsf] kmnfgfsf] aGb ;jfn ldlt kmnfgf – – –
jfbL kmnfgf – – – – – – – – – – – – – – k|ltjfbL kmnfgf – – – – – – – – –
d'2f kmnfgf
;jfn–ltd|f] afa'cfdf eP afa'cfdfsf] geP
;++/IFssf] gfp“, ltd|f] gfp“, y/, pd]/, k]zf s]
xf] < 3/ sxf“ xf] <– – – – – – – – – – – ! hjfkm– h] eG5 ;f] n]Vg' k5{ – !
;jfn–b'O{ y/ emul8of;“u ltd|f] lrgfhfgL
sf/f]jf/, gftf jf OaL emu8f 5 5}g <– – @ hjfkm– h] eG5 ;f] n]Vg' k5{ – @
;jfn–ltdLn] e'm§f as]df ;hfo kfPsf] 5
5}g < – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – # hjfkm– h] eG5 ;f] n]Vg' k5{ – #
;jfn–kmnfgfn] kmnfgf dfly o; d'2fsf] gfln;
lbPsf] 5 jf kmnfgf s'/fdf kmnfgf kqmfp
ePsf]5 To;df ltdLn] b]v] hfg] ;'g]sf] s] s]
5 v'nf;f aofg u/ -jf xflsdsf thaLhn] c?
rflxg] s'/fsf] hjfkm lnP klg x'G5_– – – $ hjfkm– h] eG5 ;f] n]Vg' k5{ – $
-o:t} /Lt;“u hlt s'/f ;f]Wg' kg]{ xf] ;f] s'/fsf] ;jfn n]Vg' k5{ . emul8ofsf
gfp“sf] aGb;jfndf eg] ;jfn @.# h:tf ;jfn p7fpg kb}{g_
!^@ g+= .. .. aGb;jfnsf] hjfkm lng] c8\8fn] P]gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{
dflg; lemsfO{ ;jfnsf] hjfkm lnO{ ;f] hjfkmaf6 s]xL d'gfl;a dflkms s'/fsf]
;jfn ug'{ kg]{ b]lvof] eg] ;f] s'/fsf] ;jfn klg u/L hjfkm lnO{ askqsf] /Lt
k'¥ofO{ ;xL5fk u/L u/fO{ n]vf]6;fy tf]lsPsf Dofbleq k7fO{lbg' k5{ . ;f] Dofbdf
sfuh u/fpg' kg]{ dflg; xflh/ ge} aGb ;jfn tfd]n ug{ gkfP sf/0f vf]nL
hjfkm;fy lkmtf{ k7fO{lbg' k5{ .
!^# g+= .. .. b]jfgL d'2fdf gfp“ ghfg]sf] ;fIfL n]vL NofPsf] lng /
h'g;'s} d'2fdf efu] a]kQf ePsf] ;fIfL n]vL NofPsf] klg a'‰g x'“b}g .
!^$ g+= .. ..  === === ===

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 k|df0f P]g, @)#! åf/f vf/]h .

(47)
 !^% g+= .. ..  === === ===
!^^ g+= .. .. === === ===
!^& g+= .. .. === === ===
!^* g+= .. .. === === ===
!^( g+= .. .. emul8ofn] ls6fg;fy n]vL glbPsf]df ;fIfLaf6 kSsf
k|df0f k'Ug] u/L alslbof] eg] To:tf ;fIfLn] gePsf] em'§f s'/f asL n]lvlbPsf]
7x/]df To:tf] ;fIfLnfO{ To;n] as] n]v]sf] s'/faf6 emul8ofnfO{ … … ;j{:j
;lxt hGd s}b jf hGd s}b x'g]df eP 5 dlxgfb]lv b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b, 5 jif{ jf
;f] eGbfa9L s}b x'g] jf ;j{:j x'g]df eP tLg dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{;Dd s}b / c?
s}b x'g]df eP kf“r lbg]b]lv kf“r dlxgf;Dd s}b x'G5 . emul8ofn] ls6fg;fy
n]lvlbPsf]df ;fIfLn] ;f]xL s'/fsf] k|df0f k'Ug] u/L asL lbPsf] eP lghn] em'§f
asL n]vL lbPsf] 7x/]df To:tf] ;fIfLnfO{ lghn] as] n]v]sf] s'/faf6 emul8ofnfO{
… … ;j{:j;lxt hGds}b jf hGds}b x'g]df eP b'O{ xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd
hl/afgf jf Ps dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'G5, 5 jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L s}b
jf ;j{:j x'g]df eP Ps xhf/ kf“r ;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf aL; lbg;Dd
s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'G5 / c? s}b x'g]df eP Ps xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf
kGw| lbg;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'G5 . n]lvPb]lv afx]s emul8ofnfO{ hl/afgf
dfqsf] ;hfo x'g]df eP ;ft ;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf bz lbg;Dd s}b jf
b'j} ;hfo x'G5 .  === === ===
!&) g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !^( gDa/ adf]lhd em'§f aSg] ;fIfLnfO{
tf]lsPsf] ;hfo c;"n ubf{ xfg]{ emul8ofn] k'g/fj]bg lbg kfpg] Dofb;Dd /
k'g/fj]bg kl/;s]sf]df OG;fkmsf] 6'·f] nfuL cflv/L km};nf geP;Dd ;fIfLnfO{
kqmL c;"n ug{ x'“b}g . nut;Dd s;L Joxf]/f hgfO{ /fvL emul8ofn] Dofbleq
k'g/fj]bg glbO{ u'hf/L a;]df / k'g/fj]bg k/]df cflv/L km};nf eO{ cfPkl5 dfq
;fIfLnfO{ kqmL km};nfn] nfu]sf] ;hfo P]g adf]lhd c;"n ug'{ k5{ .
!&)s= g+= .. .. emul8ofn] k|:t't ug{ g;Sg] t/ d'2fdf OG;fkm ug{
rflxg] c? JolQmsf] sAhfdf /x]sf] lnvt k]z ug{ egL ;f] JolQmnfO{ d'2f
rln/x]sf] h'g;'s} avt c8\8fn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] cfb]z kfPdf ;f]
cfb]zdf tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq ;f] lnvt cfkm} c8\8fdf pkl:yt eO{ jf c? s'g}
JolQm dfkm{t k]z ug'{ lghsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . ;f] adf]lhd lnvt k]z gug]{ jf
lnvt k]z ug{ g;s]sf] dgfl;a sf/0f klg gb]vfpg] JolQmnfO{ c8\8fn] kf“r;o
?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!&! g+= .. .. emu8f k/]sf] crn s]xLsf] gS;f jf gfkhf“r gu/L
dfdnf km};nf ug{ gx'g] b]lvPsf]df gS;f v8f u/fp“bf jf emu8f k/]sf] j:t' 3/

 b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%% åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
;+zf]lwt .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(48)
hUuf gfkhf“r ug'{ kbf{ b'j} y/ emul8ofnfO{ ;f] gS;f jf gfk hf“r ug'{ kg]{
7fp“df xflh/ x'g hfg' egL tfl/v tf]sL jf tfl/vsf] ;"rgf u/L ;f] tfl/vsf] lbg
xflsd jf sDtLdf d'lvof ljrf/L bhf{;Ddsf Ps hgf sd{rf/L / glhs cldg
ePsf 7fp“df cldg ;d]t u} b'O{ y/ emul8of, ;/hdLgsf dflg;, ;DalGwt
ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglw / e/;s lhldbf/ k6jf/L
tfn'sbf/ ;d]t /fvL 3/ hUufsf] ;d]t h] x]g{ gfkhf“r ug{ kg]{ xf] x]/L gfkL
hf“rL gS;f v8f ug'{ kg]{df h:tfsf] t:t} b'?:t kf/L gS;f v8f u/L d'Vo gS;f
v8f ug'{ kg]{ h'g j:t' xf] 7Ls tj/;“u x]/L b'?:t b]lvg] u/L gS;f n]vL ;f]
gS;fsf k'5f/df dfly gS;fdf of] of] o:tf] o:tf] s'/f n]lvPsf] b'?:t 5 eGg]
gS;fsf] ?k s}lkmotaf6} a'‰g ;Sg] u/L s}lkmot ;d]t vf]nL / gfkhf“r u/]sf]df
gfkL hf“rL o:tf] o:tf] ePsf] egL ;a} Joxf]/f v'nfO{ emul8of / ;f] ;/hdLgdf
/x] a;]sf ;a}sf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ v6L uPsf sd{rf/Ln] klg ;xL5fk u/L
ldl;n;fy /fVg' k5{ . ;f] gS;f gfkhf“r ug'{ kg]{ 7fp“df emul8of uPgg\ jf uP
klg ;xL5fk ug{ d~h'/ u/]gg\ jf emul8of tfl/vdf xflh/ gePsf d'2f eP
dfly n]lvPsf c? dflg;x? /fvL dfly n]lvP adf]lhd hf] ug'{ kg]{ gS;f
gfkhf“r u/L emul8of gePsf] jf ePklg ;xL5fk gu/]sf] s}lkmot hgfO{
vl6Psf d'Vo sd{rf/L / ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o jf
k|ltlglw sDtLdf Pshgf ;b:on] ;xL5fk ug'{ k5{ . ;f] /Lt gk'u]sf] gS;f gfk
hf“r ;b/ x'“b}g . n]lvP adf]lhd gS;fsf] ?k :ki6 b]lvg] u/L s}lkmot vf]nL n]Vg]
s'/f afx]s c? s'/f ;f] gS;fdf n]Vg x'“b}g .
!&!s= g+= .. .. rn crn ;DklQ jf ljuf] bfaL ePsf] tyf xs
a]xssf] k|Zg p7]sf] d'2fdf ljjflbt crn ;DklQ oyfl:yltdf /fvL s'g}
lsl;dsf] lgdf{0f ug{ glbg jf eO/x]sf] lgdf{0f laufg{ jf ef}lts :j?k kl/jt{g
ug{ glbg tyf rn crn ;DklQsf] pkef]u ;DaGwL k|Zg p7]sf]df To:tf] pkef]u
;DaGwdf pko'Qm Joj:yf u/fpg, s'g} a}+s sDkgL jf cGo lgsfodf /x]sf] s'g}
lsl;dsf] lgIf]k jf lx;faaf6 k|ltjfbLn] kfpg] af“sL ePsf] lgIf]k jf lx;fasf]
e'QmfgL gug{ gu/fpg jf /fhLgfdf jf cGo s'g} Joxf]/faf6 To:tf] rn crn
;DklQsf] xs x:tfGt/0f gu/fpgsf] nflu kIfn] lgj]bg lbPsf]df cbfntn]
d'2fsf] k|s[lt / cf}lrTo x]/L k|ltpQ/kq gk/];Ddsf] nflu jf d'2fsf] lsgf/f
geP;Ddsf] nflu jfbLsf] bfaL k'Ug ;Sg] h:tf] b]lvPdf bfaL k'Ug];Ddsf] ;DklQ
/f]Ssf ug{ jf cGo pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!&!v= g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !&!s= g+= adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] cfb]z
sfod /fVg' kg]{ xf]Og egL lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf To:tf] lgj]bg pk/ ljrf/ u/L
To:tf] cfb]z sfod /fVg' gkg]{ eP c8\8fn] cl3 hf/L u/]sf] cfb]z vfl/h ug{
;Sg]5 .

 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
;+zf]lwt .
 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
yk .

(49)
 t/ afnLsf] xsdf hUuf ldRg]sf] dxnsf] !) g+= sf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ /f]Ssf ug'{
k5{ .
!&@ g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf txlssft ubf{
h'g ck/fwsf ;DaGwdf ;f] txlssft ug{ nfu]sf] xf] ;f] ck/fwl;t ;DalGwt
s'g} j:t' jf wgdfn s'g} 3/ jf c? s'g} 7fp“df km]nf kg]{ ;Defjgf 5 eGg]
ljZjf; ug]{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f ePdf / ;f] j:t' jf wgdfn ;f] 3/ jf
7fp“sf] t'?Gt tnf;L glnPsf] v08df k|fKt gx'g] cfz+sf ePdf cfkm"n] ljZjf;
ug'{ k/]sf] sf/0f / h'g j:t' jf wgdfnsf ;DaGwdf tnf;L lng' kg]{ xf] ;f] j:t'
jf wgdfnsf] ljj/0f :ki6 a'lemg] u/L n]vL /fvL sDtLdf k|x/L ;xfos lg/LIfs
bhf{;Ddsf k|x/L clws[tn] ;f] 3/ jf 7fp“sf] b]xfo adf]lhd tnf;L lng jf lng
nufpg ;Sg]5 / ;f] adf]lhd tnf;L lnO;s]kl5 ;f] lnPsf] tLg lbgleq tnf;L
lnPsf] sf/0f / tnf;L lnPsf] j:t' jf wgdfn OToflbsf] lkmxl/:tsf] Ps k|lt
gSsn d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fdf k7fpg' k5{ –––––––––––––––
s'g} 3/ jf 7fp“sf] tnf;L lng' kg]{ ePdf ;f] 3/ jf 7fp“df a;f]jf; u/L
cfPsf jf ;f] 3/ jf 7fp“sf wgL jf lhDdf lnPsf] dflg;nfO{ tnf;L lng
vf]h]sf] sf/0f vf]nL ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbg' k5{ / ;f] adf]lhd ;"rgf kfPdf
To:tf dflg;n] klg tnf;L lng cfPsf] k|x/L clws[tnfO{ afwf /f]sfj6 gu/L
;/f;/ k|j]z ug{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – !
dfly ! bkmf adf]lhd tnf;L lng] 3/ jf 7fp“df a:g] jf ;f] 3/ jf 7fp“sf
wgL jf lhDdf lnPsf JolQmn] tnf;L lng] k|x/L clws[tnfO{ n]lvP adf]lhd
k|j]z ug{ glbPdf ;f] k|x/L clws[tn] ;f] 3/ jf 7fp“df /x]a;]sf :jf:gL
dflg;x?nfO{ x6\g] ;"rgf / df}sf lbO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ aflx/L jf leqL s'g}
‰ofn 9f]sf jf 5]sf vf]nL tf]8L kmf]8L leq k;L tnf;L lng x'G5 – – – – – @
o; gDa/df n]lvP adf]lhd s'g} 3/ jf 7fp“sf] tnf;L ln+bf o;} dxnsf] !!^
gDa/df 3/leq k:g] s'/fsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] ;d]t kfng ug'{
k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
o; gDa/ adf]lhd s'g} 3/ jf 7fp“sf] tnf;L lnbf To; 7fp“sf]
ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglw, b'O{hgfdf g36fO{
enfbdLx?, 3/ wgL jf p;sf] Pshgf k|ltlglw / kfP;Dd lhldbf/,
tfn'sbf/, k6'jf/L ;d]t ;fIfL /fvL tnf;L lng] / ;fIfL a:g] ;a}sf] cf“u
vf]nL s]xL j:t' glnO{ ;f] 3/ jf 7fp“leq k;L tnf;L lng' k5{ – – – – – – – $
dflysf bkmfx? adf]lhd tnf;L ubf{ tnf;L ul/Psf] j:t' jf wgdfnsf
;DaGwdf s'g} dflg;sf] cf“usf] tnf;L lng' k/]df ;f] ;d]t lng x'G5 / ;f]

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(50)
adf]lhd dlxnfsf] cf“usf] tnf;L lng' k/]df ;f] dlxnfsf] a]OHht gx'g]
u/L kTof/sL csL{ dlxnfaf6 lng nfpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – %
o; gDa/ adf]lhd tnf;L ln+bf lg:s]sf] dfn;fdfg jf j:t'sf] ;a} ljj/0f /
;f] kfOPsf] 7fp“ / cj:yf vf]nL km]xl/:t agfO{ tnf;L lng] / ;fIfL a:g]
;a}n] ;xL5fk ug'{ k5{ / 3/ wgL jf lghsf] k|ltlglwnfO{ ;f] km]xl/:tsf] Ps
k|lt gSsn / ;f] dWo] s'g} wgdfn jf j:t' k|x/L clws[tn] sAhf u/L nu]df
To;sf] e/kfO{ ;d]t lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – ^
dfly $ bkmf adf]lhd ;fIfL a:g' kg]{ dflg;x?n] ;fIfL a:g OGsf/ u/]df jf
;fIfL a;L ;xL5fk u/L glbPdf lghnfO{ Ps;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 – – – &
!&# g+= .. .. d'2fdf dflg; ;gfvt ug'{ kg]{ ePdf ;gfvt ug'{ kg]{
dflg;nfO{ b]Vg x]g{ gkfpg] 7fp“df /fvL h'g dflg;nfO{ ;gfvt u/fpg' k5{ ;f]
dflg; h:t} lsl;dsf pd]/ jif{ j0f{ klx/g ldNg] sDtLdf rf/hgfdf g36fO{ c?
dflg;x? NofO{ oyf;Dej ;a}nfO{ Psgf; u/fO{ lghx?sf ;fydf pEofO{ /fvL
;gfvt ug]{ k|To]s dflg; 5'§f5'§} NofO{ ;gfvt u/fpg' k5{ / ;f] u/fp“bf lrGx]df
lrGx]sf] Joxf]/f / lrGx g;s]df g;s]sf] Joxf]/f n]vL ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' k5{ .
!&$ g+= .. .. === === ===
!&% g+= .. .. b]xfosf sfdsf] dflg;n] b]xfosf sfdsf] gftfaf6
xs bfjL u/L bfo/ u/]sf] jf To; ljifodf lghx? pk/ kl//x]sf] d'2f km};nf
gx'“b} cl3af6} ;f] d'2fdf k'k{If u/L cfPsf b]xfosf sfd u/L cfPsf sfdbf/ d/L
jf sfdaf6 5'6\g uO{ tfl/v u'h|g uPsf]df ;f] d'2f k'k{If u/L cfPdf
;fljsjfnfn] gfln; ph"/ u/]sf] jf k|ltjfbL lbPsf] s'/f sfod u/fO{ dfUgf
lgldQ To;sf] sfd ugf{nfO{ d's// ePsf xfnjfnfn] tfl/v u'h|]sf ldltn]
af6fsf] Dofb afx]s k}+tL; lbgleq d'2f ;sf/ ug{ cfP d'2faf6 xf/lht x'“bf cl3
k'k{If u/L cfPsf ;fljsjfnfsf] xflg gf]S;fgL gx'g] b]xfosf snddf
;fljsjfnfsf] d'2f xfnjfnfn] ;sf/ u/L k'k{If ug{ kfp“5 . ;sf/ u/fO{ P]g
adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . ;sf/ ug{ gcfP sfg"g adf]lhd u/L l5gL lbg' k5{ . /}s/ /
/}s/ ;/x x'g] /fhu'7L ;d]tsf] sfd rnfO{ cfPsf] d]g]h/, dxGt, k"hf/L,
tfn'sbf/, lhDdfjfn 7]Sbf/, 5'6jfnf / hUuf 3/ rng u/L cfpg] ;d]tn] /}s/
/ ;f] ;/xsf /fhu'7Lsf] nutdf bl/Psf] rn crn rf]/L bafO{ rfkL vfPsf]
ljifosf] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
;/sf/L /sdsf] gfOs] /sdLn] ;/sf/L /sd sfod u/fO{ dfUg] ljifosf] – – @
a}°, sDkgL jf cGo ;·l7t ;+:yfsf d'Vo eO{ b}lgs k|zf;gsf] sfd rnfpg]n]
;f] a}°, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] lng] lbg] xs bfjL sfod ug]{ ljifosf] – – – – – #


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(51)
 !&^ g+= .. .. u}x| d'2fdf cleof]u nfu]sf] dflg; km};nf gx'“b} d¥of]
eg] ;f] dg]{nfO{ vt aft nfUb}g . ;sf/ u/]sf] d'2fdf klg ;sf/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{
;f] ;sf/ u/]sf] gftfn] dfq ck/fwL 7x/fpg x'“b}g .
!&& g+= .. ..  === === ===
!&* g+= .. .. === === ===
!&( g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] d'2f afx]s c? d'2fdf b'j}y/L
emul8ofn] tfl/v u'hf/]df o;} dxnsf] %( / ^@ gDa/ adf]lhd u'h|]sf] tfl/v
ydfO{ kfpg] Dofb kl5 ;f] d'2f l8;ld; x'G5 . l8;ld; u/fP afkt jfbLnfO{
lghn] bfjL u/]sf] jf kf]n]sf] s'/f ;f“rf] g7x/] lghnfO{ x'g ;Sg] ;hfosf] k|df0f
ga'em\b} eP ;os8f kf“r / k|df0f a'emL ;s]sf] eP ;os8f bz ;hfo x'G5 .
l8;ld; e};s]kl5 To;} jfbLsf] To;} k|ltjfbL pk/ To;} s'/fdf csf{] gfln;
nfUg ;St}g . j]l/t;“u l8;ld; ePsf]df ;f] j]l/t ePsf] s'/fdf ;Dd k}+tL;
lbgleq k'g/fj]bg nfUg ;S5 .
!*) g+= .. .. bf]xf]/f] gfln; k'g/fj]bg lbPsf]df afx]s bflvn ug{
NofPsf] gfln; k'g/fj]bgaf6 btf{ x'g g;Sg] b]lvPsf]df klg sfg"g adf]lhd p;}
avt lkmtf{ gu/L c8\8faf6 btf{ u/]sf] eO{ kl5 vfl/h x'g] ePsf]df vfl/h
jfktsf] ;hfo x'“b}g . ;f] afx]s c? cj:yfdf vfl/h ePsf] d'2fdf b]xfo adf]lhd
;hfo x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
btf{ ug{ NofPsf] lkm/fbkq k'g/fj]bgkqaf6 gfln; k'g/fj]bg nfUg] b]vL btf{
e} d'2f rn]sf]df kl5 a'lemP bflvn ePsf] sfuhaf6 dfq d'2f grNg] eO{
vfl/h x'g cfPsf] eP gnfUg] btf{ u/fP jfkt gfln; vfl/h ePsf]df
jfbLnfO{ lghn] bfjL u/]sf] jf kf]n]sf] s'/f ;fljt g7x/] lghnfO{ x'g ;Sg]
;hfosf] ;os8f kf“r / k'g/fj]bg vfl/h ePsf]df clknf6nfO{ OG;fkm ;b/
7x/] x'g ;Sg] ;hfosf] ;os8f kf“rsf] b/n] ;hfo x'G5 – – – – – – – – – !
kl//x]sf d'2f gl5gL To;} d'2fdf bf]xf]/f] jfbL jf bf]xf]/f] k'g/fj]bg lbPsf] eO{
kl5 lbPsf] vfl/h x'g] ePsf]df kl5 lbPsf] P]g adf]lhd vfl/h u/L hfgL
hfgL bf]xf]/f] gfln; k'g/fj]bg lbg]nfO{ aL; ?k}of“ hl/afgf x'G5 – – – – – – @
!*! g+= .. .. l8;ld; vfl/h ePsf]df nfu]sf] hl/afgf jfkt s}b
ug'{ kbf{ 5 dlxgfeGbf a9L s}b ug{ x'“b}g .
!*@ g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf, 3"; d'2fdf /
3";sf] gfln; gk/]sf] ePklg c? k/]sf] d'2fsf jfbL k|ltjfbLaf6 jf k|df0fnfO{
k]z ePsf] sfuhaf6 ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] 3"; vfP dfu]sf] s'/f b]lvg cfPsf] 3";
d'2fdf klg ldnfkq x'g ;St}g . ;f] afx]s c? u}x| d'2fdf km};nf geP;Dd
h'g;'s} txdf klg emul8ofx?n] ldnfkq ug{ rfx]df b'j} y/ emul8ofn] cfkm"
ldNg] ePsf] Joxf]/fsf] b/vf:t n]vL d'2f k/]sf] c8\8fdf lbg' k5{ / ;f] adf]lhd
b'j} y/ emul8ofx?n] b/vf:t lbPdf ;f] d'2f k/]sf] c8\8fsf] xflsdn] klg ;f]

 k|df0f P]g, @)#! åf/f vf/]h .

 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(52)
b/vf:tx? b'j} y/ emul8ofx?nfO{ k9L ;'gfO{ To;sf] dtna / kl/0ffd ;d]t
/fd|f]l;t ;DemfO{ a'emfO{ To;/L ;Demfp“bf a'emfp“bf klg b'j} y/n] xfd|f] d~h'/L
adf]lhd n]lvPsf] 7Ls b'?:t 5 egL d~h'/ u/]df xflsdn] ;f] b/vf:t
adf]lhdsf] ldnfkq n]vL ;f] ldnfkq k9L ;'gfO{ ;f] emul8ofx?sf] ;xL5fk u/fO{
cfÇgf] b:tvt ;d]t u/L c8\8fsf] 5fk nufpg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd ldnfkq
ePsf]df ldnfkq adf]lhd ul/lbPg u/L kfp“ eGg] afx]s ldnfkqdf lrQ a'em]g
eGg] ph"/ nfUg ;St}g .
!*# g+= .. .. ldnfkq ug{ x'g] d'2fdf ldnfkq ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd
aS;f}gL nfU5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
z'? txsf] d'2fdf eP jfbL k|ltjfbLsf ;fy}df bflvn ePsf] k|df0f afx]s c?
k|df0f s]xL ga'lemPsf] eP b]xfodf n]lvPsf] c°sf] ;os8f Ps, c? k|df0f
;d]t a'em]sf] eP ;f] c°sf] ;os8f tLg / jfbL k|ltjfbLdf n]lvPsf] u}x|
k|df0f a'lem;sL l5Gg dfq af“sL eP ;f] c°sf] ;os8f kf“r aS;f}gL nfU5 – !
ljuf]sf] k|df0f ePsf]df jfbLn] kqm]sf] ljuf]sf] c°sf] – – – – – – – – – – – !
ljuf]sf] k|df0f ge} jfbLsf ph"/L adf]lhd s}b x'g]df ;f] x'g ;Sg] s}bsf]
dlxgf Pssf] k}+tfnL; ?k}of“sf b/n] x'g] ?k}of“sf] c°sf] – – – – – – – – – – @
s}b ge} hl/afgf dfq x'g]df ;f] hl/afgfsf] c°sf] – – – – –– – – – – – – #
k'g/fj]bg txsf] d'2fdf eP b'O{;o ?k}of“ aS;f}gL nfU5 . tNnf] txsf]
km};nfn] nfu]sf] s}b jfkt dlxgf Pssf] k}+tfnL; ?k}of“sf b/n] x'g] ?k}of“
a'emfP lnO{ ;f] s}bsf] nut sf6L lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
dfly !.@ bkmf adf]lhd nfUg] aS;f}gL c;"n ubf{ b'j} y/ emul8ofaf6 cfwf
cfwf c;"n ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
!*$ g+= .. .. c8\8fvfgfdf u} /lhi6«]zg jf bflvn vfl/h gfd;f/L
jf btf{ u/fO{ lbg] jf a'emfpg' kg]{ a'emfO{ lbg] ;d]t OToflb sfd ug]{ u/fpg] u/L
c8\8fdf ldnfkq ePsf]df ;f] ldnfkq ePsf] hgfp ldnfkq u/fpg] c8\8fn]
ldnfkq ePsf kf“r lbgleq ldnfkq adf]lhdsf] sfd ul/lbg] c8\8fnfO{ n]vL
k7fOlbg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd u/fO{ dfUgfnfO{ b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] $$ gDa/
adf]lhdsf Dofbleq cfPdf ;f] c8\8fn] klg ldnfkq / sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
!*$s=g+= .. .. k|ltpQ/kq k/L emul8ofx?sf] pkl:yltsf] lgldQ
tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf b'j} kIfsf] /f]xj/df lkm/fbkq / k|ltpQ/kq tyf bflvn ePsf]
;a} lnvt x]/L b]vfO{ jfbL k|ltjfbL;“u cfjZos s'/f ;f]wk'5 ;d]t u/L To;af6
b'j} y/sf] s'/f ldn] gldn]sf] c8\8fn] ljrf/ u/L s'/f ldn]sf] b]lvg cfPdf t'?Gt
lg0f{o ;'gfpg' k5{ . b'j} y/sf] s'/f cf+lzs jf k"0f{ ?kdf gldn]sf] b]lvg cfPdf
h'g h'g s'/f gldnL OG;fkm u/L 7x/fpg' kg]{ xf] ;f] s'/fx? / To; ;DaGwdf

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
;+zf]lwt .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(53)
a'‰g' kg]{ k|df0fx? :ki6 vf]nL krf{ v8f u/L ;a't k|df0f lemsfpg cfb]z lbO{
;a't k|df0f a'‰g] tfl/v ;d]t tf]Sg' k5{ . k|df0f a'‰g tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf
c8\8fn] o;} dxnsf] &* gDa/ adf]lhd sf/afxL ug'{ k5{ .
 !*% g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] !*$s= gDa/ adf]lhd c8\8fn] a'‰g' kg]{
egL 7x/fPsf k|df0fx? a'lem;s]kl5 c8\8fn] d'2fsf] 5nkmn ugf{nfO{ tfl/v
tf]sL ;f] tf]lsPsf] lbgdf xflh/ eP;Ddsf emul8ofnfO{ /fvL emul8ofn] s'g}
lnlvt ax; k]z u/] ;f] ;d]t lnO{ ldl;n ;fd]n /fvL 5nkmn u/L 7x/fO{ b'j}
y/sf xsdf hf] lbg] ;hfo ;d]t ;'gfO{ ;f] sfod ePsf] 7x/ /fo p;} lbg /fo
n]Vg] lstfadf n]vL lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt JolQmn] ;xL5fk ug'{ k5{ / pkl:yt
/x]sf emul8ofsf] ;d]t ;xL5fk u/fpg' kb{5 . /fo sfod e};s]kl5 dgfl;a
sf/0fn] afx]s km};nf n]Vg ;ft lbg eGbf a9L l9nf ug'{ x'“b}g . km};nf n]Vbf
c8\8fn] d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt Joxf]/f, emul8ofx?sf s'/f gldnL OG;fkm u/L 7x/fpg'
kg]{ s'/f, To; ;DaGwdf s'g} emul8of jf sfg"g Joj;foLn] ax; u/]sf] eP ;f]
ax;sf] d'Vo d'Vo a'“bfx? / To; ;DaGwdf c8\8fn] lg0f{o / To;sf] cfwf/ tyf
tT;DaGwL sfg"gx? ;d]t k|To]s s'/fx? k|s/0f 5'6\ofO{ 5'§f 5'§} pNn]v ug'{ k5{ .
dfly n]lvP adf]lhdsf] k|df0f a'emL ;s]kl5 p;} lbg d'2f lsgf/f ug{ d'2fsf]
hl6ntfn] ubf{ a9L cWoog jf dgg ug{ cfjZos ePsf] jf Ps eGbf a9L
JolQm ePsf] lg0f{ostf{sf] Ohnf;af6 d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ e} k/:k/df 5nkmn u/L
/fo sfod ug{ a9L ;do cfjZos ePsf] sf/0fn] g;lsg] ePdf To; ;DaGwdf
sf/0f ;lxtsf] krf{ v8f u/L d'2f lsgf/f ug{ csf]{ tfl/v tf]Sg' k5{ . s'g}
sf/0fn] d'2f lsgf/f ug{ clglZrt sfn;Dd csf]{ tfl/v tf]Sg g;lsg] ePdf
o;} dxnsf] !% gDa/ adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ;d]t ug'{ k5{ / d'2fdf k|df0f a'‰g]
;d]tsf] k"/f ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ljlw k"/f e};s]sf]df kIfn] tfl/vdf a:g grfx]df kl5
c8\8faf6 ;"rgf kfPsf avt xflh/ x'g] u/L emul8ofnfO{ ;"rgf lbg] 7]ufgf
;d]t pNn]v u/L sfuh u/fO{ tfl/v 5'6fO{ lbg' k5{ .
!*%s= g+= .. .. c8\8fn] tf]s]sf] s'g} Psy/ emul8of xflh/ x'g

gcfPdf ;f] u'h|]sf] Dofb jf tfl/v yfDg] Dofb u'h|]sf] kGw| lbgleq c8\8fn] b]xfo
adf]lhd d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug'{ k5{ M– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
jfbL xflh/ /x]sf] t/ k|ltjfbL xflh/ g/x]sf] eP jfbLsf] ;a't k|df0f ;a}
a'emL ldl;n ;fd]n /x]sf] jfbL k|ltjfbLsf] ;a} ;a't k|df0f x]/L To;sf]
cfwf/df d'2f km};nf ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] d'2f afx]s c? d'2fdf k|ltjfbL xflh/ ePsf] t/ jfbL
xflh/ gePsf]df k|ltpQ/kq / ldl;n ;fd]n /x]sf c? k|df0faf6 k|ltjfbLn]
jfbLsf] bfjL k"/} jf cf+lzs tj/n] :jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvg cfPdf jf 7x/]df ;f]
xb;Dd OG;fkm ug]{ u/L / :jLsf/ gu/]sf] jf g7x/]sf] xb;Dd l8;ld; ug]{
u/L d'2f km};nf ug'{ k5{ ––––––––––––––––––––––@

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(54)
dfly bkmf @ adf]lhd cf+lzs jf k"/} l8;ld; ePsf] d'2fdf k"/} l8;ld; eP
;/x o;} dxnsf] !&( gDa/ adf]lhd x'G5 . l8;ld; u/fP jfkt x'g]
;hfosf xsdf eg] l8;ld; eP hlt bfjLsf lx;fan] dfq ;hfo x'G5 – – – #
!*%v= g+= .. .. w]/} hgf jfbL jf w]/} hgf k|ltjfbL ePsf] d'2fdf ;a}
xflh/ ge} b'a}tkm{sf] Ps Ps hgf jf Ps hgfeGbf a9L xflh/ ePsf]df d'2f
l5GgfnfO{ c? xflh/ geP;Dd kvL{ /xg' kb}{g . xflh/ g/x]sfsf] xsdf ;d]t
xflh/ /x] ;/x P]g adf]lhd d'2f l5lglbg' k5{ .

!*^ g+= .. .. =============== … … ;j{:j;lxt hGds}b jf
hGds}b x'g] 7x/fPsf] jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;fws hfx]/ ug'{ kg]{ d'2fdf
;fws hfx]/ u/L clwsf/ k|fKt c8\8faf6 ;fws ;b/ eP adf]lhd u/L / c?
u}x| d'2fdf c8\8}af6 sfg"g adf]lhd hf] ug'{ kg]{ u/L km};nf ug'{ k5{ .
!*& g+= .. ..  === === ===
!** g+= .. .. P]gn] … … ;j{:j ;lxt hGds}b jf hGds}b ug'{
kg]{ ePsf d'2fdf ;fljt 7x/] klg OG;fkm ug]{ xflsdsf lrQn] eljtJo xf] ls
eGg x'g] ;Ddsf] z°fn] jf ck/fw u/]sf] cj:yf ljrf/ ubf{ s;"/bf/nfO{ P]g
adf]lhdsf] ;hfo lb+bf rsf]{ x'g] eO{ 36L ;hfo x'g' kg]{ lrQn] b]v]df P]gn] ug'{
kg]{ ;hfo 7x/fO{ cfÇgf lrQn] b]v]sf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] v'nf;f /fo klg ;fws
tf]sdf n]vL hfx]/ ug'{ x'G5 . clGtd lg0f{o lbg]n] klg To:tf] b]v]df P]gn] x'g]
;hfodf 36fO{ tf]Sg x'G5 .
!*( g+= .. .. km};nf ubf{ o;} gDa/sf] gd"gf adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf
n]vL km};nf ug'{ k5{ .
z'? km};nfsf] gd"gf
kmnfgf c8\8fsf xflsd kmnfgfn]
u/]sf] km};nf -jf hfx]/L km};nf_
@) === ;fnsf] bfo/L g+=
d'2f M kmnfgf
jfbLsf] gfp“, y/, jtg – – – – – – – – – k|ltjfbLsf] gfp“, y/, jtg – – –
jfbLsf] ;fIfL – – – – – – – – – – – – – k|ltjfbLsf] ;fIfL – – ––– – – –
kmnfgf – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – kmnfgf – – – – – – ––– – – –
kmnfgf ––––––––––––––– kmnfgf – – – – – – ––– – – –

sfuh – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – sfuh – – – – – – – – – – – –
kmnfgf – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – kmnfgf – – – – – – – – – – – –
kmnfgf – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – kmnfgf – – – – – – – – – – – –

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%% åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

(55)
 c8\8faf6 a'em]sf]
;fIfL – – – – – – –
kmnfgf – – – – – – –
kmnfgf – – – – – – –

sfuh – – – – – – –
kmnfgf – – – – – – –
kmnfgf – – – – – – –

-o:t} /Lt;“u hlt ;fIfL 5g\ plt hgfsf] gfp“ / sfuh ;d]t n]Vg' k5{_
o; d'2fsf ;a} sfuh a'‰bf o;f] eGg] jfbL o;f] eGg] k|ltjfbL jf o:tf]
Joxf]/fn] o:tf] ePsf]df o:tf] o:tf] kmnfgf] kmnfgf] k|df0f ePsf] x'gfn] of] of] /Lt
k|df0f / of] of] sfg"gn] of] 7x5{ . of] sfg"gn] o;f] ug]{ 7x/fO{ km};nf ul/lbP“ .
Olt ;+jt\ @) ====== ;fn === === ut] /f]h === === z'ed\ – – – – – – – – – – –

k'g/fj]bg km};nfsf] gd"gf

kmnfgf c8\8fsf xflsd kmnfgfn] u/]sf]
k'g/fj]bg km};nf -jf hfx]/L km};nf_
@) ==== ;fnsf] bfo/L gDa/
clknf6 -jfbL_ -k|ltjfbL_ sf] gfd, /]:kf]08]06 -jfbL_ -k|ltjfbL_ sf] gfd,
y/, jtg – – – – – – – – – – – y/, jtg – – – – – – –
d'2f M kmnfgf
o;df o:tf] eGg] jfbL o:tf] eGg] k|ltjfbL of] o:tf] k|df0f ePsf]df
z'? === === === c8\8faf6 of] o;f] 7x/fO{ === === ldltdf u/]sf] km};nf pk/
kmnfgfsf] k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] x'“bf of] sfg"g of] o:tf] k|df0faf6 of] d'2fdf o:tf] x'g]
7x5{ . Olt ;+jt\ @) ====== ;fn === === === ut] /f]h === === z'ed\ – – – – – –
!() g+= .. .. jf/]06 hf/L x'g] d'2fsf cleo'QmdWo] d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fdf
k|ltjfbL jf aofg lbO;s]sf] cleo'Qmsf] jf Pskm]/f ;f] c8\8fdf xflh/ eO{ dfu]sf]df
k|ltjfbL jf aofg glbPsf] ePklg To:tf] cleo'Qmsf] xsdf hf] a'‰g' kg]{ a'emL
7x/] dflkms km};nf ul/lbg' k5{ . c8\8fdf xflh/ gePsf] cleo'Qmsf] xsdf eg]
eP;Ddsf] ;fIfL k|df0f ;/hdLg a'emL /fvL jf/]06 hf/L ePsf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf
klg xflh/ ePg jf klqmPg eg] xflh/ ePsf jf klqmPsf avtdf d'2f v8f u/L
a'emL sfg"g adf]lhd ug]{ egL d'ntjL /fvL ;f] d'ntjL /x]sf d'2fsf cleo'Qm

 kf“rf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(56)
km]nf k/]g jf xflh/ ePg eg] klg ;f] cleo['Qmsf] c+z /f]Ssf ePsf] b'O{ jif{
k'u]kl5 d'2f v8f u/L a'em];Ddsf] k|df0faf6 7x/] adf]lhd km};nf u/L lbg' k5{ .
!(! g+= .. .. d'ntaL /x]sf] d'2fdf h'g xflh/ gx'“bf d'ntaL /xg
uPsf] xf] ;f] afx]ssf c? xflh/ eP klqmPsf k|ltjfbL ;fljt jf OGsf/ ePklg
u}/ xflh/ ePsf k|ltjfbL kqmfp eO{ gcfP;Dd k'k{IfnfO{ y'gfdf / tfl/vdf
/x]sfnfO{ To;} y'gfdf / tfl/vdf /fvL 5f8\g' x'“b}g . y'gfdf /x]sfnfO{ ;fljt
7x/]df x'g] ;hfo;Dd y'lgbf klg u}/ xflh/ ePsf dflg; kqmL cfPg cyjf
klqmP xflh/ ePklg d'2f km};nf ug{ c· k'lu;s]sf] gePklg p;n] kfpg] ;hfo
e'Qmfg x'gf;fy t'?Gt 5f8L u}/ xflh/ ePsf dflg; klqmP xflh/ e};s]sf d'2f
km};nf ug{ c· k'uL g;s]sf]df eP k'k{IfnfO{ /fVg' kg]{ b]lvP tfl/vdf / u}/
xflh/ x'g] rflx kqmL jf xflh/ x'g gcfPsf] eP y'gfaf6 5'6]sf / tfl/vdf /xL
/x]sfsf] ;d]t c8\8faf6 hgfp kfPsf avt xflh/ x'g cfp“nf eGg] sfuh n]vfO{
tfl/v lvrL km';{b lbg' k5{ . u}/ xflh/ ePsf] dflg; kqmL jf cfkm} cfPkl5 d'2f
km};nf ug]{ sf/afxL / k'k{IfnfO{ tL cl3 y'gfaf6 5'6]sf jf tfl/vaf6 km";{b
kfPsf dflg; ;d]tnfO{ lemsfpg' kg]{ eof] eg] rflxPsf avt lemsfO{ a'‰g /
tfl/vdf /fVg x'G5 .
!(@ g+= .. .. jf/]06 hf/L x'g] jf rf]/Lsf] dxnn] d'ntaL /xg]
d'2fsf cleo'Qm c8\8fdf kqmL gcfPsf] jf xflh/} gePsfsf] xsdf afx]s u}x|
d'2f km};nf ubf{ Pp6} ldl;naf6 ug'{ kg]{ sfd dWo] s]xL af“sL /fvL kl5 a'emL
l5Gg] eGg] Joxf]/f;“u km};nf ug{ x'“b}g .
!(# g+= .. .. c8\8faf6 d'2f km};nf u/]kl5 xflh/ /x]sf]
emul8ofnfO{ ;f] km};nf af“rL ;'gfO{ k'g/fj]bg nfUg] jf gnfUg] Joxf]/f /
k'g/fj]bg nfUg] eP k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fsf] gfd ;d]t atfO{ lghaf6 ;'gL
kfPsf] Joxf]/fsf] sfuh u/fO{ /fVg' k5{ . emul8of xflh/ g/x]sf]df ;f] km};nf
ePsf] tLg lbgleq of] d'2fdf of] s'/f 7x/]sf] x'gfn] ltdLnfO{ of] olt ;hfo
ePsf] 5 eGg] / k'g/fj]bg nfUg] eP k'g/fj]bg nfUg] c8\8fsf] gfd ;d]t v'nfO{
;f] emul8ofsf] gfddf Dofb hf/L ug'{ k5{ . k'g/fj]bg nfUg] d'2fdf emul8of
/f]xj/df e} km};nf ;'g]sf]df ;f] ;'g]sf] ldltn] / emul8of /f]xj/df ge} Dofb
hf/L ePsf]df ;f] Dofb tfd]n ePsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq emul8ofn] lrQ
ga'em]sf] s'/fdf ;f] km};nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg lbg kfp“5, ;f] Dofb gf3]kl5 k'g/fj]bg
nfUg ;St}g .
!(#s= g+= .. .. b]jfgL d'2fdf sfg"g adf]lhd nfUg] b:t'/ / sf]6{ ˚L
a'emfPsf] lg:;f bflvn ge} ˚};nf jf clGtd cfb]z pk/ k'g/fj]bg jf ph"/L
;/xsf] lgj]bg nfUg] 5}g . btf{ ePsf] /x]5 eg] klg vfl/h x'G5 . t/ g]kfn
sf]6{ ˚L P]g, @)!& adf]lhd kl5 d'2f ˚};nf x'“bf 7x/] adf]lhd sf] 6{ ˚L lng]
u/L k'g/fj]bg jf lgj]bg btf{ ePsf]df sf]6{ ˚L bflvn gePsf] sf/0fn] dfq ;f]
cg';f/ k'g/fj]bg jf lgj]bg vfl/h x'g] 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
;+zf]lwt .
 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(57)
˚f}hbf/L d'2fdf k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;hfo ug{] u/L ˚};nf ePsf]df b]xfo adf]lhd ge}
;f] ˚};nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg jf ph"/L ;/xsf] lgj]bg nfUg] 5}g – – – – – – – – @
˚};nfn] s}bsf] ;hfo kfpg] JolQm ;f] cg';f/ s}bdf /x]sf] egL ;DalGwt
sf/fuf/n] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] lg:;f bflvn ge} ;f] ˚};nf pk/ lghsf]
k'g/fj]bg jf ph"/L ;/xsf] lgj]bg nfUg] 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
˚};nfn] hl/afgf nfu]sf] JolQmn] ;f] cg';f/ hl/afgf a'emfPsf] jf ;f] afkt
h]yf hdfgt /fv]sf] lg:;f k]z gu/];Dd ;f] ˚};nf pk/ lghsf] k'g/fj]bg jf
ph"/L ;/xsf] lgj]bg nfUg] 5}g ––––––––––––––––––@
dfly bkmf ! / @ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o;} dxnsf] !($
gDa/df n]lvPsf] s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
!($ g+= .. .. km};nf ug]{ c8\8fn] kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf km};nf x'“bf s}bsf]
;hfo kfpg] s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf]nfO{ ;f] km};nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg ug{ a9Ldf #
jif{;Dd s}bsf] ;hfo ePsf]df / k'k{IfnfO{ y'gfdf a:g' gkg]{ d'2f ePdf jf
ga;]sf] ePdf k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb;DdnfO{ ;f] c8\8fn] w/f}6 jf hdfgLdf 5f8\g
;Sg]5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fn] eP k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb;DdnfO{ / k'g/fj]bg btf{
ePsf]df lsgf/f geP;DdnfO{ a9Ldf !) jif{;Dd s}bsf] ;hfo ePsf]df /
k'k{IfnfO{ y'gfdf a:g' gkg]{ d'2f ePdf jf ga;]sf] ePdf w/f}6 jf hdfgLdf 5f8\g
;Sg]5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
bkmf ! / @ adf]lhd w/f}6 jf hdfgLdf /fVbf z'? c8\8fdf k'k{Ifsf] nflu w/f}6
jf hdfgLdf /x]sf]df c8\8fsf] thaLhn] ;f] w/f}6 jf hdfgLsf] a9Ldf kRrL;
k|ltzt;Dd yk w/f}6 jf hdfgL lng' k5{ . cGo cj:yfdf o;} dxnsf] !!*
gDa/sf] bkmf !) df n]lvPsf s'/fx?sf] ljrf/ u/L w/f}6 jf hdfgLsf] c° tf]sL
;f] adf]lhdsf] w/f}6 jf hdfgL lng' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
t/ k'g/fj]bg k/]kl5 k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fn] Gofosf] /f]xaf6 k'g/fj]bsnfO{
y'gfdf /fvL k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg kg]{ b]v]df ;f] adf]lhd ug{ s'g} afwf x'g] 5}g .
dfly bkmf ! / @ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg w/f}6 jf hdfgLdf /fVbf
jf /fVg OGsf/ ubf{ ;f] s'/fsf] cfwf/ v'nfO{ krf{ v8f ug'{ k5{ / b]xfosf]
cj:yfdf w/f}6L jf hdfgLdf 5f8\g OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5– – – – – – – – – – – $
w/f}6L jf hdfgLdf 5f8\bf ;hfo kfPsf] JolQm efuL hfg] ;Defjgf ePsf]df – !
lghn] ;a't k|df0fdf x:tIf]k ug]{ ;Defjgf ePsf]df – – – – – – – – – – – !
lghn] c? ck/fw ug]{ ;Defjgf ePsf]df – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !

 kf“rf}+ ;+zf]wg€f/f ;+zf]lwt .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(58)
b]xfosf] d'2fdf Ps jif{eGbf a9L s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf]df km};nf ug]{ c8\8fn] / #
jif{eGbf a9L s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf]df k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fn] w/f}6L jf hdfgLdf
5f8\g OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – %
e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)%( cGtu{tsf] d'2f, sfnf] ahf/, gfkmf vf]/L, hDdfvf]/L
jf ld;fj6 ;DaGwL d'2f,
lgsf;L k}7f/L ;DaGwL d'2f,
cfjZos ;]jf, cfjZos kbfy{ jf cfjZos j:t';DaGwL d'2f,
d'b|f, gf]6, ljb]zL ljlgdo / gfk tf}n ;DaGwL d'2f,
k|frLg :df/s, k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf] d"lt{, lrq, k':ts jf cGo snfs[lt ;DaGwL
d'2f,
nfu" cf}ifw ;DaGwL d'2f,
;/sf/L ljuf] ;DaGwL d'2f,
;/sf/L sfuhft, cbfntsf] km};nf jf cfb]z, /fxbfgL, aLdf, r]s, 8«fÇ6 sLt]{
u/]sf] jf rf]/L u/]sf] d'2f,
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] %! k|ltzt :jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yfgsf] jf
a}°sf] wgdfn rf]/L u/]sf], txaLn d;f}6 u/]sf] jf ;DklQ lxgfldgf u/]sf] jf
g]kfn ;/sf/, To:tf] ;+:yfg jf a}°nfO{ 7u]sf] d'2f .
o; gDa/ adf]lhd c8\8fn] w/f}6 jf hdfgt ln+bf ˚};nf adf]lhd nfUg]

7x/]sf] ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] ljuf] afkt ;d]t cfjZostf /

pko'Qmtfsf] ljrf/ u/L w/f}6 jf hdfgt dfUg ;Sg]5 – – – – – – – – – – ^
!(% g+= .. .. k'g/fj]bg lb+bf h'g c8\8fn] d'2f l5g]sf] 5 p;sf]
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fdf jf d'2f l5Gg] c8\8fdf jf y'lgPsf] dflg;n] cfkm"
y'lgPsf] c8\8fdf jf ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] cfkm" axfn /x]sf] jf sfh vl6Psf]
Onfsfsf] glhsdf To; lsl;dsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8f eP ;f]xL c8\8fdf /
To:tf] c8\8f geP k'g/fj]bg txsf] d'2f ;'Gg] c? c8\8fdf / ;f] klg geP d'2f
x]g]{ c? h'g;'s} c8\8fdf klg lbg x'G5 / ;f] adf]lhd lb+bf ln+bf b]xfosf s'/fdf
b]xfo adf]lhd x'G5 – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
y'lgPsf c8\8fdf k'g/fj]bgkq n]vL lbg NofPdf ;f] k'g/fj]bgkqsf n]vfOaf6}
Dofbleq k/] gk/]sf] / 9f“rf ldn] gldn]sf];Dd hf“rL ;f] adf]lhdsf] /Lt
k'u]sf] b]lvP k'g/fj]bgkqdf emul8ofsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ lnO{ lnkmf hf/L
geP;Dd k'g/fj]bg b:t'/ cfDbfgL af“wL emul8ofnfO{ e/kfO{ lbO{ cfkm"n]
a'em]sf] tLg lbgleq ;f] k'g/fj]bg n]vf]6;fy k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fdf a'emfO{
e/kfO{ lng' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] dfly n]lvP adf]lhd glhs c8\8fdf k'g/fj]bg lbg
NofPdf sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ k'g/fj]bgkq a'emL lnO{ k'g/fj]bgsf] b:t'/
cfDbfgL af“lwPsf] /l;b / k'g/fj]bgkq a'emL lnPsf] e/kfO{ k'g/fj]bg lbg]nfO{

 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(59)
lbO{ ;f] d'2fdf ePsf] b08 ;hfo a'emfPsf] /l;bsf] gSsn k'g/fj]bgkq;fy
gTyL u/L b:t'/ cfDbfgL af“lwPsf] ldlt k'g/fj]bgkqsf] kL7df hgfO{ tLg
lbgleq ;f] k'g/fj]bgkq n]vf]6;fy k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fdf k7fO{ lbg' k5{ – @
d'2f l5Gg] c8\8fdf k'g/fj]bg lbg NofPdf sfg"g adf]lhd hlt /Lt k'¥ofO{
lng' k5{ plt /Lt k'¥ofO{ k'g/fj]bgkq a'emL lnO{ ;f] d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg lbg]
emul8ofnfO{ nfu]sf] b08 ;hfo c;"n eO{ cfDbfgL af“lwPsf] eP To;sf]
/l;bsf] gSsn k'g/fj]bgkq ;fy} gTyL u/L / ;f] b08 ;hfodf o;} dxnsf]
!($ gDa/ adf]lhd w/f}6L jf hdfgL lbPsf] jf s}b k/]sf] eP ;f] s'/f
k'g/fj]bg k7fpg] rnfgL k"hL{df n]vL P]gn] k'g/fj]bg lbg] emul8of tfl/vdf
/xg] eP k'g/fj]bg ldl;n k'Ubf emul8of ;d]t k'Ug] cGhfd u/L clknf6nfO{
tfl/v tf]sL e/kfO{ lnO{ ;f] d'2fsf] ldl;n ;ft lbgleq cfÇgf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
c8\8fdf k7fO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fdf emul8ofn] lbg NofPsf] k'g/fj]bg / c? c8\8f
dfkm{t cfPsf] k'g/fj]bg ;d]t bflvn x'gf;fy P]g adf]lhd /Lt k'u] gk'u]sf]
hf“rL /Lt k'u]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] bflvn ePsf tLg lbgleq ldl;n k7fpg' egL
/ y'Gg] c8\8faf6 k7fPsf] k'g/fj]bgsf] xsdf clknf6;“u b08 ;hfo c;"n
e};s]sf] jf s}b Dofb 7]lsO{ ;s]sf] 5 5}g eP ;f]xL dflkmssf] hgfp / ;f]
adf]lhd e};s]sf] geP c;"n pk/ ug{ jf s}b Dofb 7]Sg' hf] ug'{ kg]{ u/L
tfd]nL hgfp t'?Gt k7fpg' egL d'2f l5Gg] c8\8fnfO{ k"hL{ u/L ldl;n /
hgfp ;d]t lemsfO{ ;f] hgfp ldl;n cfPkl5 sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – $
k'g/fj]bg ldl;n k7fpg] c8\8fn] k'g/fj]bg lbg] emul8of y'gfdf /x]sf] eP
;f] emul8ofnfO{ ldl;n ;fy klxn] g} k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fdf k7fpg' kb}{g .
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fn] lemsfpg k/] lemsfpg x'G5 . lemsfPdf sfg"gsf] /Lt
k'¥ofO{ k7fO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – %
y'gfdf a;L k'g/fj]bg lbg] dflg; k'g/fj]bg km};nf gx'“b} cl3af6} 5'6\of] eg]
5'6]sf ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq d'2f k/]sf c8\8fdf xflh/
x'g' k5{ jf jfl/; /fVg kfpg] d'2fdf eP P]g adf]lhd jfl/; u/L k7fP klg
x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ^
k'g/fj]bg a'lemln+bf ;f] d'2fdf cl3Nnf] c8\8faf6 u/]sf] b08 ;hfo c;"n
ePsf] jf ;f] b08 ;hfodf s}b k/]sf] jf o;} dxnsf] !($ gDa/ adf]lhd
w/f}6 jf hdfgt lnPsf]df To;sf] lg:;f bflvn u/]df jf ;f] gDa/ adf]lhd
w/f}6 jf hdfgt lng x'g]df ;f] adf]lhd w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbPdf jf nfu]sf]
b08 ;hfo k'g/fj]bgkqsf ;fy} a'emfPdf dfq k'g/fj]bg nfUg ;Qm5 – – – &
!(^ g+= .. .. k'g/fj]bgkq ln+bf Ps;o ?k}of“sf] b:t'/ ;lxt o;
gDa/sf gd"gf adf]lhdsf] kmf/fddf n]vL NofPsf] dfq lng' k5{ .
kmnfgf c8\8fdf r9fPsf]
k'g/fj]bgkq

 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(60)
 klxnf
;+jt\ @) === ;fnsf] b]jfgL . kmf}hbf/L bf];|f k'g/fj]bg g+=
jfbL
kmnfgf kmnfgf x/]ssf] k"/f gfp“, y/, jtg k|ltjfbLM clknf6
lj?4
jfbL
kmnfgf kmnfgf x/]ssf] k"/f gfp“, y/, jtg k|ltjfbLM /]:kf]08]06
kmnfgf c8\8fsf kmnfgf xflsdn] ;+jt\ @) === === sf] z'? k'g/fj]bg . 7f8f] .
;fws g+= === === === sf] d'2fdf kmnfgf ldltdf d jf xfdLx?nfO{ o:tf] ug]{ u/L
km};nf ug'{ ePsf]df lrQ ga'em]sf] x'gfn] d'2fsf] df]n ljuf] olt jf ;hfo olt
ePsf] x'gfn] ;f] b08 ;hfo a'emfPsf] jf w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbPsf] lg:;f ;fd]n
/fvL jf y'gfdf /xL k'g/fj]bg u/]sf]5' jf u/]sf 5f}+ . o;df d jf xfdL
clknf6sf] lgDg lnlvt k'g/fj]bg lhls/ 5 .
!= === === ===
@= === === ===
clknf6
kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g] kmnfgf
-Ps eGbf a9L clknf6 ePdf !, @, # gDa/ lbO{ ;a}sf] k"/f gfp“, y/,
jtg, pd]/ n]vL To;df n]vk9 ug{ hfGg]n] x:tfIf/sf] ;xL / c?n] NofKr] ;xL
ug'{ k5{_ Olt ;+jt\ @) === ;fn === ut] /f]h === === z'ed\ – – – – – – – – – –
!(& g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !(# gDa/ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb
lbg' kg]{df c8\8faf6 To:tf] Dofb hf/L g} ul/Psf] /x]g5 eg] emul8ofn] cfkm"nfO{
nfu]sf] b08 ;hfo lt/]sf] jf km};nfsf] gSsn lnPsf]df ;f] dWo] h'g sfd
cl3Nnf ldltdf eP u/]sf] 5 ;f]xL ldltn] k'g/fj]bg lbg] Dofb sfod ug'{ k5{ .
!(* g+= .. ..  === === ===
!(( g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !($ gDa/ adf]lhd b08 ;hfo a'emfO{
jf w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbO{ k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg]df ;f] adf]lhd gu/L y'gfdf a;L
k'g/fj]bg lbPsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ lghn] ;f] adf]lhd b08 ;hfo a'emfP
jf w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbP, d'2f h'g;'s} cj:yfdf ePklg y'gfaf6 5f8L sfg"g
adf]lhd ug{ x'G5 .
@)) g+= .. .. w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbg g;sL y'gfdf /xL k'g/fj]bg lbg]
clknf6nfO{ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fn] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf Gofosf] b[li6n] y'gfdf
/fVg plrt gb]v]df w/f}6 jf hdfgt glnO{ tfl/vdf /fvL sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

 kf“rf}+ ;+zf]wg€f/f ;+zf]lwt .

(61)
  @)! g+= .. .. k'g/fj]bgsf] txdf k'g/fj]bs / o;} dxnsf] @)@
gDa/ adf]lhd lemsfO{Psf] k|ToyL{ tfl/vdf ga;] klg x'G5 . tfl/vdf a;]sf]
k'g/fj]bsn] tfl/v u'hf/] klg d'2f l8;ld; ug{' x'“b}g / k|ToyL{n] tfl/v u'hf/]sf]
sf/0fn] dfq lghsf] k|ltjfb lhls/x?df ljrf/ gu/L d'2f ˚};nf ug{ klg x'“b}g .
ldl;n ;+nUg lnvt / k|df0fx? ;d]t ;a} s'/f pk/ ljrf/ u/L sfg"g adf]lhd
k'g/fj]bg ˚};nf ug{' k5{ –––––––––––––––––––––!
tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf k'g/fj]bs jf k|ToyL{ cbfntdf pkl:yt gePklg cbfntn] ;f]
tfl/vdf tf]lsPsf] sfd ug{ x'G5 . k'g/fj]bs jf k|ToyL{ pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn]
dfq tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf tf]lsPsf] sfd gu/L /xg x'“b}g – – – – – – – – – @
tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf k'g/fj]bs jf k|ToyL{ cbfntdf pkl:yt gePklg dfly bkmf @
adf]lhd ;DkGg e};s]sf sfd sf/afxL afx]s d'2fsf] af“sL sfd sf/afxLdf
tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf pkl:yt e} ;fd]n x'g kfp“5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
cfÇgf] sfa" aflx/sf] s'g} sf/0fn] ubf{ tf]lsPsf] Dofb jf tfl/vdf pkl:yt x'g
g;s]sf]n] ;f] Dofb jf tfl/vdf ;DkGg ge} af“sL /x]sf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL u/L
kfp“ egL ;f] Dofb jf tfl/vsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq k'g/fj]bs jf k|ToyL{n] lgj]bg
lbPdf sf/0f dgfl;a jf ljZj;gLo b]lvP ;f]xL Joxf]/f vf]nL krf{ v8f u/L
cbfntn] ;f] sfd sf/afxL ug{ x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
@)@ g+= .. .. k'g/fj]bg, ;fws jf c? s'g} lsl;daf6 cufl8sf]
˚};nf ;b/ ab/ ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt c8\8fn] OG;f˚ hf“Rbf tnsf] c8\8fn] u/]sf]
OG;fkmdf tflTjs ˚/s x'g] cj:yf gb]lvPdf emul8of lemsfO{ /xg' kb{}g . 7x/]
adf]lhd ˚};nf ul/lbg' k5{ . OG;fkm hf“Rbf cufl8sf] OG;f˚ jf ˚};nf km/s
kg{] b]lvof] eg] ;f] Joxf]/fsf] krf{ v8f u/L ;f] v8f u/]sf] tLg lbgleq
kmnfgf;“usf ˚nfgf d'2fdf tkfO{ ;d]t /fvL 5nkmn ug{' kg{] ePsf]n] af6fsf
Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq xflh/ x'g cfpg' ;f] Dofb leq xflh/ gePdf kl5
ph"/L nfUg] 5}g egL emul8ofsf] gfp“df Dofb hf/L u/L ;f] Dofbdf emul8of
xflh/ x'g cfP jf P]g adf]lhd jfl/; k7fPdf lghnfO{ ;d]t /fvL k}+tL; lbgleq
˚};nf ug{' k5{ . ;f] Dofbdf xflh/ gx'g] emul8ofsf] kl5 ph"/ nfUg ;Sb}g .
k'g/fj]bg nfUg]df k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb lbg' k5{ .
@)# g+= .. ..  === === ===
@)$ g+= .. ..  === === ===
@)% g+= .. .. Ps} d'2fdf xfg]{ emul8ofdWo] s;}sf] k'g/fj]bg ph"/
k/]sf]af6 hf“lrbf OG;fkm jf ;hfo plN6g] eO{ ;f] OG;fkm ;hfo pN6fO{ km};nf
ubf{ k'g/fj]bg ph"/ glbg] emul8ofsf xsdf ;d]t OG;fkm ;hfo plN6g hfg]
eof] eg] To:tf]df k'g/fj]bg ph"/ k/]sf] 5}g egL ;b/ u/L lbg x'“b}g . k'g/fj]bg
ph"/ glbg]sf xsdf ;d]t k'g/fj]bg ph"/ lbg] ;/x pN6fO{ l5lglbg' k5{ .

 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

(62)
 @)^ g+= .. .. k'g/fj]bg lbgfnfO{ s}b jfktsf] ?k}of“ w/f}6 /fvL
5'6]sf emul8of k'g/fj]bgdf lhTg] 7x¥of] eg] tfl/vdf xflh/ /x]sf] jf g/xL
u'hf/]sf] ;d]t h] ePklg w/f}6 /x]sf] ?k}of“ lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ . xfg]{ 7x¥of] eg] s}b
x'g]df km};nf x'“bf xflh/ /x]sf] eP ?k}of“ lkmtf{ u/L s}b ug'{ k5{ . tfl/v u'hf/L
u}/ xflh/ /x]sf] eP k'g/fj]bg km};nf ePsf ldltn] kf“r jif{leq cfkm} xflh/ x'g
cfof] jf km]nf k/L kqmfp eO{ cfof] eg] w/f}6 /x]sf] ?k}of“sf] ;os8f b'O{ hl/afgf
u/L af“sL lkmtf{ lbO{ p;nfO{ km};nf adf]lhd s}b ug'{ k5{ . ;f] Dofbleq xflh/
x'g jf kqmfp eO{ gcfP w/f}6 /x]sf] ?k}of“ hkmt u/L emul8ofsf xsdf sfg"g
adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
@)& g+= .. .. d'2fdf c8\8faf6 eP u/]sf] km};nfsf] pN6L k6s]sf]
/]s8{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] 9f“rfdf k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug]{ c8\8fn] /fVg' k5{ .
@)* g+= .. .. c8\8faf6 hf/L ePsf] ;dfJxfg Otnfogfdfsf] Dofb
tfl/vdf k|ltjfbL glbO{ Dofb u'hf/L a;]sf emul8ofsf] P]g adf]lhd PstkmL{
k|df0f a'emL ePsf km};nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg nfUg ;St}g . ;dfJxfg Otnfogfdf
tfd]n ubf{ o;} dxnsf] !!) gDa/ adf]lhd /Lt gk'¥ofO{ tfd]n u/]sf]n] yfxf
kfpg g;sL k|ltjfbL lbg gkfO{ Dofb u'h|]sf] eGg] ph"/L;fy km};nf ePsf] 5
dlxgfleqdf yfxf kfPsf] k}+tL; lbgleq emul8ofn] k|ltjfbL n]vL lbg Nofof] eg]
klxn] ldl;n ;fd]n /x]sf] tfd]nL ;dfJxfg x]/L /Ltk"j{s tfd]n ePsf] b]lvg
cfPg eg] ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] krf{ n]vL k|ltjfbL btf{ u/L P]g adf]lhd a'‰g' kg]{
k|df0f a'emL d'2f km};nf ug'{ k5{ . /Lt k'uL tfd]n ePsf] b]lvPdf ;f]xL Joxf]/f
vf]nL ph"/ nfUg ;St}g egL b/kL7 u/L lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ .
@)( g+= .. .. k'g/fj]bg k/L jf s]xL Joxf]/fn] OG;fkm hf“lrg]
c8\8fdf cfPsf d'2fdf k|df0fnfO{ bflvn ePsf lnvt sfuhx? ;2] sLt]{ 5'6\ofO{
OG;fkm ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPsf]df ;f] sf/afxL tNnf c8\8fn] gu/L l5g]sf] /x]5
eg] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8faf6} ;f] sfuh ;Ssn} lemsfO{ c8\8fdf bflvn ePkl5
ldl;n ;fd]n /fvL ph"/jfnfsf] aofg u/fO{ k|ltjfbLx? cGt 6f9f lhNnfdf
a;]sf] eP lghx? dWo] d'Vo sf/0fL / n]vs ;fIfL / c? ;Ssn sfuh} x]/L
b]vfO{ aofg ug'{ kg]{ hltnfO{ P]g adf]lhd u/L c8\8}df lemsfO{ aofg lnO{ / tL
afx]ssf c? k|ltjfbL;“u aGb;jfn€f/f lghx? a;]sf Onfsfsf] c8\8fdf k7fO{
tfd]n u/L P]g adf]lhd hf] a'‰g' kg]{ k|df0f a'emL km};nf ug'{ k5{ . aGb;jfn€f/f
a'lemPsf k|ltjfbLnfO{ tfl/vdf /fVg kb}{g . To:tfn] d'2f k/]sf] c8\8fdf tfl/vdf
a:5' eg] klg a:g kfp“5 .
@!) g+= .. .. k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] jf bf]xl/Psf] d'2fdf cl3sf] OG;fkm
;b/ 7xl/O{ km};nf ePsf]df ;f] km};nf ug]{ c8\8fn] cl3 lhTg] emul8of tfl/vdf
g/x]sf] eP ljuf] e/fpg], rng rnfpg], c+z a08f 5'6\ofpg], bflvn btf{ u/fpg]
/ lnvt kf; u/fpg] ;d]t P]gsf Dofbleq km};nf adf]lhd u/fO{ dfUg' kg]{
sndx?df ;f] cl3 lht]sf] emul8ofnfO{ cfÇgf c8\8faf6 km};nf ePsf ldltn]
tLg lbgleq OG;fkm ;b/ ePsf] hgfp k7fO{ o;} dxnsf] !!) gDa/ adf]lhd
tfd]n u/fpg' k5{ . ;f] hgfp kfPsf ldltn] km};nf adf]lhd u/fO{ dfUg] Dofb
z'? x'G5 .

(63)
  @!! g+= .. .. d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fdf /x]sf] ldl;n sfuhkqsf] gSsn
;/f]sf/jfnf hf];'s}n] dfu] klg lbg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd gSsn lb+bf ln+bf gSsn
lng]n] cfÇg} tkm{af6 ;f/L lng]df lghnfO{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] /f]xj/df /fvL
km'n:s]k ;fO{hsf] k|To]s kfgfsf] b'O{ ?k}of“sf] b/n] b:t'/ lnO{ gSsn ;fg{ lbg'
k5{ . c8\8faf6 gSsn ;f/L kfp“ eg]sf]df km'n:s]k ;fOhsf] k|To]s kfgfsf]
tLg ?k}of“sf] b/n] b:t'/ lnO{ gSsn ;f/L lbg' k5{ . gSsn ln+bf lb+bf ;f]
gSsnsf] lz/df kmnfgfn] lnPsf] eGg] / ;Ssn adf]lhd gSsn b'?:t 5 eGg]
n]vL c8\8fsf] / xflsdsf] 5fk nufO{ b:t'/ bflvn u/]sf] ldltn] lkm/fbkqsf]
gSsn ef]lnkN6;Dddf / c? sfuhsf] gSsn tLg lbgleqdf lbg' k5{ .
@!@ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L sd{rf/L jf y'gfdf /x]sf] dflg;sf] d'2fsf]
ldl;nsf] x'nfs€f/f gSsn kfp“ egL ;f] sd{rf/L jf y'lgPsf] dflg;n] sfg"g
adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ ;d]t bflvn u/L cfkm" axfn /x]sf] jf tfl/vdf /x]sf] jf
y'lgPsf] c8\8fdf b/vf:t lbPdf ;f] c8\8fn] a'lemlnO{ ;f] adf]lhd gSsn k7fpg
ldl;n /x]sf] c8\8fnfO{ n]vL k7fpg' k5{ / ;f] adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf ;f] ldl;n
/x]sf] c8\8fn] klg gSsn ;fg{ nufO{ b/vf:t k/]sf] c8\8fdf k7fO{ lbg' k5{ .
@!# g+= .. .. c8\8fn] d'2fdf ;fws hfx]/ ubf{ ;f] d'2fsf] ;Ssn
ldl;n ;d]t /fvL ;f] d'2fsf] dflg; y'gfdf /x]sf] eP y'gfdf /x]sf] ldlt / 7fp“
y'gfaf6 efu]sf] eP efu]sf] ldlt ;d]t v'nfO{ hfx]/ ug'{ k5{ .
@!$ g+= .. .. ;fws hfx]/ ug'{ kg]{ d'2fdf ;fws hfx]/ ubf{ ========
s;"/bf/ 7x/]sfnfO{ P]g adf]lhd u/L /fVg' k5{ .
@!% g+= .. .. d'2fsf] ;fws hfx]/ u/]sf]df k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] /x]5
eg] ;fwssf] nut sf6L ;f] d'2f k'g/fj]bgsf] txaf6 x]g'{ k5{ . ;f] adf] lhd
k'g/fj]bg x]bf{ jf k'g/fj]bg gk/]sf]df ;fws hf“Rbf ;fws hfx]/ ug]{ c8\8fn]
a'‰g' kg]{ k|df0f ga'emL sfd af“sL /fvL hfx]/ u/]sf] /x]5 / k|df0f jf emul8of
ga'emL km};nf ug{ jf lgsf;f lbg gx'g] b]lvof] eg] ;f] a'‰g' kg]{ emul8of xflh/
/x]sf]df lgh ;d]t c? hf] a'‰g' kg]{ k|df0f a'emL Dofbleq km};nf ug'{ jf lgsf;f
lbg' k5{ . ;fws hf“Rbf a'‰g' kg]{ sfd af“sL afx]s c? /Lt gk'u]sf]df eg] olt
/Lt k'¥ofO{ k7fpg' egL Dofb tf]sL ;ft lbgleq lkmtf{ k7fO{lbg' k5{ .
@!^ g+= .. .. d'2fsf] ;fws hfx]/ u/]sf]df cfÇg} c8\8fsf] ;|]:tf /
cfÇgf] c8\8fsf] Onfsfsf] c8\8f a'emL k'Ug]df kGw| lbgleq / c? Onfsfsf]
c8\8f a'‰g' kg]{df tflstf;fy Dofb tf]sL hf] a'‰g' kg]{ a'emL c8\8fdf bflvn
ePsf] kGw| lbgleq lsgf/f ug'{ k5{ .
@!& g+= .. .. ;fws ;b/ ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{ d'2fdf ;f] ;fws hf“Rg]
lgsf;f lbg]n] ;f] ;fws ;b/ u/] adf]lhd y'lgPsfnfO{ 5f8\g' kg]{ jf ;hfo ug'{
kg]{ ePsf]df ;f] adf]lhd ug'{ egL h'g c8\8fsf] vf]/ em]nvfgfdf y'g'jf /x]sf]5

 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
lemlsPsf] .

(64)
;f] / ;fws hfx]/ ug]{ c8\8fdf tLg lbgleq} hgfp k7fO{ To;sf] ldl;n kGw|
lbgleq ;fws hfx]/ ug]{ c8\8fdf k7fO{ lbg' k5{ .
@!* g+= .. .. d'2fdf c? c8\8f a'‰g' kbf{ jf c? c8\8faf6 sfuh
jf dflg; vf]hL lemsfpg' kbf{ jf ;fIfL ;/hdLg emul8ofsf] aGb ;jfn askq
aofg u/fpg' kbf{ ;f] c8\8fnfO{ of] Joxf]/f;“u olt lbgleq kmnfgf sfd u/L
k7fpg' eGg] af6fsf] Dofb afx]s d'gfl;a dflkmssf] Dofb lbO{ n]vL k7fpg' k5{ .
@!( g+= .. .. ;/sf/L sfddf cfÇgf c8\8faf6 ug'{ kg]{ d'gfl;a
dflkmssf] n]vf]6 k"hL{ cfPdf tf]lsPsf Dofbleq n]vL cfP adf]lhdsf] sfd t'?Gt
tfd]n u/L k7fpg' k5{ . tfd]n ePg jf ug{ ;lsPg eg] sf/0f vf]nL ;f] n]vL
k7fpg] c8\8fnfO{ Dofb}leq hjfkm lbg' k5{ .
@!(s= g+= .. .. c8\8fn] d'2fx?df k|df0fsf lgldQ rflxg] ldl;n
sfuhft dfuL k7fPsf] jf s'g} s'/f ;f]wL k7fPsf]df t/tflutf ubf{ klg ldl;n
sfuhft jf hjfkm gk7fPsf]n] d'2fsf] sf/afxL lsgf/f ug{ afwf k/]sf]df jf s'g}
kIfnfO{ dsf{ k/]sf]df To:tf] ldl;n sfuhft jf hjfkm gk7fpg] c8\8fsf k|d'v
jf ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ k6s} lkR5] krf; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
To:tf] hl/afgf lghsf] tna v'jfpg] sfof{non] tnaaf6 s§f u/L ;DalGwt
c8\8fdf bflvn ug'{ k5{ . t/ To;/L hl/afgfsf] cfb]z ePkl5 ;DalGwt c8\8f
k|d'v jf sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] ldl;n sfuhft jf hjfkm ;dodf k7fpg g;s]sf]
d'gfl;a sf/0f pNn]v u/L ;f] hl/afgf nfUg' gkg]{ s'/fsf] lgj]bg lbPdf / ;f]
sf/0f ;DalGwt c8\8fnfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs nfu]df ;f] c8\8fn] pQm hl/afgfsf]
cfb]z /2 ug{ jf nfu]sf] hl/afgf 36fpg ;Sg]5 .
@@) g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL eO{ x]g'{ kg]{ s'/fsf] / ;/sf/L
sd{rf/Ln] jf ;/sf/L sfdsf] clVtof/ kfPsf] s'g} JolQmn] b'Mv kL/ lbPsf] /
;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] c8\8f ;DaGwL hfx]/ u/]sf] s'/fsf] lgj]bgkqdf lnkmf b:t'/
gePklg sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL ug'{ k5{ . ;f] afx]s c? s'/fdf cfÇgf] c8\8fsf]
sfd sf/afxL ;DaGwL s'g} sfg"g eP ;f] adf]lhdsf] / geP kf“r ?k}of“ lnkmf
b:t'/ nfU5 .
@@! g+= .. .. P]gdf l6s6jfnf lnkmf kmf/fd n]vL lng' lbg' hf/L ug'{
eGg] n]lvPsf]df ;f] l6s6jfnf lnkmf kmf/fd geP ;f] P]gdf hlt ?k}of“ k};fsf]
l6s6jfnf lnkmf kmf/fddf n]vL lng' lbg' hf/L ug'{ egL n]lvPsf]5 Tolt gubL
?k}of“ k};f g} b:t'/ lnO{ vfnL ;fbf sfuhdf n]vL n]Vg nufO{ lng' lbg' hf/L ug'{
k5{ .
@@@ g+= .. .. cfÇgf c8\8fdf k/]sf lgj]bgkqdf dgfl;a dflkmssf]
sf/0fn] afx]s ;ft lbgleq tf]s cfb]z lbO;Sg' k5{ .
@@# g+= .. .. c8\8fn] d'2fdf k|df0f lgldQ lemsfPsf] km};nf eO;sL
k'g/fj]bgsf] xb ;d]t gf3]sf ldl;n / cfÇg} c8\8faf6 km};nf u/]sf] ldl;n
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(65)
;d]t c? c8\8fdf a'emfpg' kg]{df ldnfkq ePsf] d'2f eP ldnfkq ePsf ;ft
lbgleq / km};nf ePsf] d'2f eP k'g/fj]bg ph"/sf] Dofb gf3]sf ;ft lbgleq h'g
c8\8fdf a'emfpg' kg]{ xf] p;} c8\8fdf a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ .
@@$ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] o;} dxnsf] #) gDa/df n]lvPsf
dflg;sf] afx]s c?sf] cfkm" axfn /x]sf c8\8fdf btf{ sf/afxL x'g] jf k'g/fj]bg
kg{ cfpg] d'2f ;DaGwL lkm/fbkq, k|ltpQ/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq, lgj]bgkq OToflb
sfuhkqx? n]Vg n]vfpg x'“b}g .
@@% g+= .. .. s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] cfÇgf] kbsf] gftfn] jf cfÇgf]
c8\8fsf] s'g} sfd ubf{ cfkm"n] ug{ gx'g] s'g} sfd u/]df jf ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd
gu/]df jf To:tf] sfd sfh ubf{ cgfjZos l9nf;':tL u/]df jf ablgot b]lvPdf
To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ clVtof/jfnfaf6 tTsfn} ljefuLo sf/afxL / ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
c8\8f hf“Rg] s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] cfkm"n] c8\8f hf“r ug]{ l;nl;nfdf To:tf] eP
u/]sf] b]v]df ljefuLo sf/afxLsf nflu t'?Gt clVtof/jfnfnfO{ n]vL k7fpg' k5{ .
@@^ g+= .. .. o; dxn adf]lhd ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf]
;b:o jf k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df jf To:tf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglwsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ ug'{
u/fpg' kg]{ s'g} sfd sf/afxL ug]{ u/fpg] l;nl;nfdf To:tf] ;b:o jf
k|ltlglwnfO{ pkl:yt u/fO{lbg ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf lnlvt
;"rgf lb+bf klg ;f] sfd sf/afxLsf] nflu To:tf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglw pkl:yt
gePdf jf ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsf e· eO{ jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] sfod
g/x]sf] cj:yfdf klg ;f] sfd sf/afxL ug{ u/fpg ;lsg]5 / c? s'/fsf] /Lt
k'u]sf] eP To:tf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:ylt jf ;xL5fk gePsf] eGg]
cfwf/df dfq ;f] sfd sf/afxL ab/ x'g] 5}g .

 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(66)
 dxn @
b08 ;hfosf]
 ! g+= .. .. sfg"g adf]lhd ck/fw 7xl/g] s'g} sfd ug]{ JolQm ;f]
sfd ubf{ === === === cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdsf] k|s[lt / kl/0ffd yfxf gkfpg] u/L
duh lau|]sf] jf af}nfPsf] /x]5 eg] lghnfO{ vt aft nfUg jf s'g} k|sf/sf]
;hfo x'g ;St}g .  === === === duh lau|]sf] jf af}nfPsf JolQmnfO{ l;sfO{ s;}n]
s'g} ck/fw ug{ nufPsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] l;sfpg]nfO{ lghn] cfkm} ck/fw u/] ;/x
sfg"g adf]lhd k"/f ;hfo x'G5 .
@ g+= .. .. s;}n] u/]sf sfddf p;sf] ;]vkl5 c?sf gfp“df gfn];
k/L dg]{sf] s;"/ 7x/] klg ;hfo x'“b}g ljuf]sf] xsdf P]g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
# g+= .. .. hl/afgf, s}b jf lazf}+b nfu]sf] dflg; ;f] c;"n gx'“b}
d¥of] eg] pm d/]kl5 dfkm x'G5 . p;sf] ck'tfnL vfg] jf hdfgL x'g]nfO{ kqmfp
ug{ x'“b}g . ljuf] e/fpg] jf lng' kg]{ s'/f /x]5 eg] ck'tfnL vfg]n] ltg'{ k5{ .
hfohft u/L lnPkl5 gk'u]sf] af“sLdf ck'tfnL vfg]nfO{ kqmg x'“b}g .
$ g+= .. .. ;j{:j x'g] 7x/L km};nf e} ;j{:j /f]Ssf ePsf] dflg;
d¥of] eg] s;"/df l/xfO{ gkfP To;sf] ;j{:j km's'jf x'g ;St}g . P]g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
% g+= .. ..  === === ===
^ g+= .. .. olt v08 ;hfo ug'{ eGg] n]lvPsf]df  … … hGd
s}bsf] aL; jif{ / ;j{:jsf] c7f/ dlxgf s}b sfod u/L To;sf] v08 ;hfo ug'{
k5{ .
& g+= .. .. P]gdf ;j{:j ;lxt hGd s}b ug'{ eGg] n]lvPsf]df hGd
s}b u/L P]g adf]lhd ;j{:j ug'{ k5{ . ;j{:j ug'{ eGg] n]lvPsf]df P]g adf]lhd
;j{:j ug'{ k5{ .
* g+= .. .. Ps} hgfn] w]/} k6s … … ;j{:j ;lxt hGds}b jf
hGds}b jf c? ;hfo x'g] vt u/]sf] ePklg s'g} vtdf … … ;j{:j ;lxt
hGds}b / hGds}b dWo] 7"nf] ;hfo ePkl5 ;fgf] ;hfo x'g] vt jf ;f] ;hfox?
dWo] s'g} ;hfo ePkl5 c? ;fgf] ;hfo x'g] vt vflk+b}g . ;j{:j ;lxt hGds}b
jf hGds}b x'g] jf ePsf] s;}n] Dofb u'hf/L km/f/ ePsf] jf s}b y'gfdf a;]sf]
jf s}b y'gfaf6 efu]sf] jf w/f}6L hdfgL tfl/vdf 5"6]sf] cj:yfdf 7"nf] ;hfo
x'g] vt u/] ;f]xL 7"nf] ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . km]l/ hGds}bsf] ;hfo x'g] vt u/]sf]df
hGds}b ef]uL 5'6\g kfpg] ePkl5 rf/ jif{ ykL / 36L ;hfo x'g] vt u/]sf]df
vt cg';f/ a9Ldf rf/ jif{;Dd ykL s}b ug'{ k5{ .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 afnaflnsf ;DaGwL P]g, @)$* åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%% åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(67)
 ( g+= .. .. b]jfgL d'2fdf ;hfo ubf{ hxfgdf d'Vo sf/0fLnfO{ P]g
adf]lhd ;hfo ePkl5 c?nfO{ ;hfo ug{ x'“b}g .
!) g+= .. .. P]gdf k6s jf vt vfKg' eGg] n]lvPsf] jfx]s Ps}
sfuhsf d'2fdf b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L P]g nufO{ vt k6s vfkL ;hfo ug'{ k/]df
s}b x'g] snddf h'g P]gsf] 7"nf] ;hfo 5 ;f]xL P]gn] dfq ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . c?
P]gsf] vt vfKg x'“b}g . hl/afgfsf] ;hfo kfpg]df ;a} P]gsf] vt vfkL ;hfo
ug'{ k5{ . hl/afgfsf] / s}bsf] ;hfo x'g]df b'j} sndsf] 7"nf] ;hfosf] dfq b'j}
s'/fsf] ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . Ps} sfuhsf] d'2f ePklg gePklg ;j{:j ePkl5 ;f]
x'g'eGbf cl3sf] s;"/df hl/afgfsf] vt vflk+b}g .
!! g+= .. .. P]gdf s}b egL n]lvPsf] snddf s}b} x'G5 .
!!s= g+= .. .. d'2f l8;ld; u/fP jfkt s}bsf] ;hfo ePsf]df To:tf]
s}bsf] Ps lbgsf] kRrL; ?k}of“sf b/n] ?k}of“ a'emfPdf s}b ug'{ kb}{g . ?k}of“
a'emfPdf a'emL lnO{ s}bsf] nut s§f ul/lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
o;} dxnsf] !! g+= df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg tLg jif{eGbf sd s}bsf]
;hfo x'g] s'g} s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ s}bsf] ;hfo u/L klxnf] k6s s;"/bf/ 7x/L
c8\8fn] s}bdf /fVg dgfl;a g7x/fPdf Ps lbgsf] kRrL; ?k}of“sf] b/n] x'g
cfpg] /sd tf]sL ;f] tf]lsPsf] /sd a'emfPdf s;"/bf/nfO{ s}bdf g/fVg] u/L
c8\8fn] km};nf ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;f] adf]lhd s;"/bf/n] ?k}of“ a'emfPdf a'emL lnO{
s}bsf] nut s§f u/L lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
dfly bkmf @ adf]lhd s}b jfktsf] ?k}of“ a'emfpg kfpg] u/L km};nf ubf{ c8\8fn]
s;"/bf/;“u km]/L To; k|sf/sf] s'g} ck/fw gu/L /fd|f] cfr/0f kfng ug]{5' egL sfuh
u/fpg]5 / ;f] ldltn] tLg jif{leq s}bsf] ;hfo x'g] s'g} ck/fw u/]df ;f] s;"/bf/nfO{
klxn]sf] km};nf adf]lhdsf] s}b ;d]t ykL ;hfo ul/g]5 / c8\8fn] klxn]sf]
km};nf adf]lhd s}b jfkt a'emfPsf] /sd lkmtf{ ug]{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 – – – #

ljxfj/Lsf] dxnsf] !) gDa/ adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]df dfly @ bkmf adf]lhdsf]
Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
!@ g+= .. .. of] P]gsf] ljleGg dxn jf k|rlnt sfg"gdf n]lvPsf]
s'g} sfd s'/f s;"/ x'g]df ;f] s;"/sf lgldQ ;DalGwt dxn jf k|rlnt
sfg"gdf ;hfosf] s'g} vf; Joj:yf ul/Psf] /x]g5 eg] To:tf] s;"/sf] k|s[lt /
cj:yfsf ljrf/n] kf“r xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 .
!# g+= .. .. s'g} c8\8faf6 ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?sf] lhDdf u/L s'g}
c8\8fsf gfp“df rnfg u/L k7fPsf] gub lhG;L u}x|sf] lhDdf lnO{ cfpg]
sd{rf/Ln] cfÇg} d'gfl;an] xf];\ jf cf˚" dflysf clws[tn] cx|fp“bf xf];\ aLrdf
;f] lems]5 eg] cfÇg} d'gfl;an] lems]sf] eP lemSg]nfO{ / cx|fO{ lems]sf] eP
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
;+zf]lwt .

(68)
cx|fpg]nfO{ b'O{ jif{b]lv 5 jif{;Dd s}b ug'{ k5{ . c/fp dfgL dfq lems]sf] eP
cx|fpg]nfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] 8]9L 36fO{ s}b ug'{ k5{ . ljuf] df;]sf] /x]5 eg]
df:g]af6 ljuf] ;d]t a'emL lng' k5{ .
!$ g+= .. .. s'g} ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs sfdsf] clwsf/ kfPsf
JolQmn] cfgf] cf]xbf ;DaGwL sfd ubf{ u/fp“bf jf s'g} sfg"gL st{Jo ePsf
JolQmn] To:tf] st{Josf] kfng ubf{ sfg"gn] lng vfg x'g] kfl/>lds afx]s c?
s'g} /sd snd b} b:t'/ lng vfg x'“b}g lnP vfPdf 3"; vfPsf] 7x5{ .
!% g+= .. .. 3"; vfPsf]df ljuf] h˚t u/L lnO{ ;/sf/L jf
;fj{hlgs sfdsf] clwsf/ kfPsf s'g} JolQmn] 3"; vfPsf] eP lghnfO{ s;"/sf]
dfqf cg';f/ b'O{ jif{b]lv 5 jif{;Dd s}b jf kf“r xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf / ;f]
afx]s c?n] 3"; vfPsf] eP lghnfO{ ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf x'G5 . hflu/ 5“bf
3"; vfPsf] hflu/ 6'6]kl5 ;hfo kfpg] ePdf jf 3"; vfg dfu]sf];Dd /x]5 vfg
eg] kfPsf] /x]g5 eg] klg dfly n]lvP adf]lhd x'G5 . 3"; v'jfpg] jf 3";sf]
s'/f ldnfO{ lbg]nfO{ 3"; v'jfO{ ;s]sf] jf v'jfO{ g;s]sf] ePklg ;/sf/L sd{rf/L
eP lghn] cf˚} 3"; vfP ;/xs} ;hfo / ;/sf/L sd{rf/L afx]s c? eP To:sf]
cfwf ;hfo x'G5 . 3"; vfg' v'jfpg' u/L s;}sf] gf]S;fg kf/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f]
gf]S;fgL ljuf] h:sf k]6df k/]sf] 5 p;}af6 / lghaf6 pk/ x'g g;s]df 3";
vfg]af6 c;"n u/L lng kfp“5 .
!^ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] 8/ wfs b]vfO{ s'6kL6, xftkft jf
af“w5f“b ;d]t OToflb hf]/ h'n'd u/L ha/h:tL 3"; lnPdf ;f] 3";sf] ljuf]
h;af6 lnPsf] xf] p;nfO{ l˚tf{ u/fO{ ;f] sd{rf/LnfO{ ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf
u/L tLg jif{b]lv gf} jif{;Dd s}b x'G5 . ha/h:tL u/]sf] dfq /x]5 lng kfPsf]
eg] /x]g5 eg] dfly n]lvPsf] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo x'G5 .
!& g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf !% gDa/sf s'/fdf s}b ug'{ kbf{ gf} jif{ /
!^ gDa/sf s'/fdf s}b ug'{ kbf{ afx| jif{eGbf a9L s}b ug'{ x'“b}g .
!* g+= .. .. kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf s'g} JolQmn] em'§f k|df0f agfO{ /L;
O{aLn] jf dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f jf tYo geO{ s'g} JolQm pk/ ;f] d'2f
rnfPsf] 7x/]df em'§f kf]n ph"/ u/] jfkt lghnfO{ lghn] kf]n]sf] s'/f 7x/]sf] eP
kf]nfO{ dfUg]nfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo x'G5 . ;f] adf]lhd ;hfo ubf{ kf“r
jif{eGbf a9L s}b x'g] ePdf kf“r jif{;Dd dfq s}b ug'{ k5{ . kf]n ph"/ ubf{sf]
cj:yfdf /L; O{aL /x]g5 eGg] jf kf]n ph"/ ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] tYo eO{
u/]sf] xf] eGg] d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fnfO{ ljZjf; ePdf ;hfo ug'{ gkg]{ jf sd ug'{
kg]{ sf/0f vf]nL To:tf] kf]n ph"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;f] n]lvPsf] ;hfo dWo] ;a} jf
s]xL ;hfo gug{ ;Sg]5 .
!( g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !* gDa/ adf]lhd kf]nfxfnfO{ ;hfo x'g]
ePsf]df ;f] d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fn] kf]nfxfnfO{ ;f] ;hfosf] cfwf ;f]xL n]lvP
adf]lhdsf] ;hfo u/L cfwf h;sf pk/ To:tf] em'§f d'2f rnfPsf] xf] ;f]

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
yk .

(69)
JolQmnfO{ Ifltk"lt{sf] ?kdf e/fO{ lbg]5 . kf]nfxfnfO{ s}bsf] ;hfo x'g]df of] gDa/
adf]lhd lbOg] Ifltk"lt{sf] nflu ;f] s}bsf] ;hfosf] gub c° sfod ubf{ Ps
lbg s}bsf] ;hfosf] krf; ?k}of“ sfod ug'{ k5{ . dfly n]lvP adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{
lbg' kg]{ JolQmn] ;f] adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ glbPdf ;f] Ifltk"lt{ lghsf] hfohftaf6
e/fO{ lbg' k5{ / hfohftaf6 c;"n pk/ x'g g;s]df ;f] jfkt s}b u/fO{ kfp“
egL Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] JolQmn] b/vf:t lbPdf d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fn] e/L e/fp x'g
g;s]sf] Ifltk"lt{sf] c°sf] ljrf/ u/L tLg dlxgf;Dd s}bsf] ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@) g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !( gDa/ adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ lbg' kg]{
JolQmsf] d[To' Ifltk"lt{sf] km};nf x'g' jf e/L e/fp x'g'eGbf cufj} ePklg lghsf
xsjfnf dfkm{t lghsf c+z xsaf6 k'u];Dd Ifltk"lt{ c;"n u/L e/fO{ lbg' k5{ /
Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] JolQmsf] d[To' Ifltk"lt{sf] km};nf x'g' jf e/L e/fp x'g'eGbf cufj}
ePdf lghn] kfpg' kg]{ Ifltk"lt{ lghsf xsjfnfn] kfp“5 .
@! g+= .. .. o; P]gdf cGoq n]lvPsf]df afx]s b]xfosf s'/fdf
b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ ––––– –––––––––––––––––
gkfpg]df kfpg' k5{ egL ph"/ lbPsf] 7x/]df kqm]sf] ljuf]sf] ;os8f bz
hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
lbg' kg]{df km/]j u/L glbPsf] 7x/]df ljuf] e/fO{ ;f] ljuf]sf] ;os8f bz
hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – –––––––––––––––––@
cfkm"n] kfpg' kg]{ eGbf a9\tf kqm]sf] 7x/]df ;f] a9\tf kqm] hltsf] / cfkm"n]
lbg' kg]{ eGbf 36L eg]sf] 7x/]df ;f] 36L eg]sf hlt ljuf]sf] ;os8f kf“r
hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg' kg]{df e/fPsf] Ifltk"lt{sf] /sdsf] e/L kfpg]af6 bzf}+b lng'
k5{ – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
@@ g+= .. .. c8\8faf6 ljuf] w/f}6 lnO{ d'2f x]g'{ kg]{df c8\8fdf ljuf]
bflvn u/fO{ jf /f]Ssf ug'{ kg]{df /f]Ssf u/L d'2f x]g'{ k5{ . c8\8fdf ljuf] bflvn
ePkl5 / /f]Ssf u/]sf] jf wg hdfgL lnPsf] ldltb]lvsf] Aofh nfUb}g .
@# g+= .. .. ;hfo tf]sL ˚};nf ubf{ ;hfo kfpg] s;"/bf/ xflh/
/x]sf] eP ;f] ˚};nf ug{] c8\8fn] g} p;} avt kqmL ˚};nfn] nfu]sf] ;hfo c;"n
ug{' k5{ . ;f] ubf{ hl/afgf nfu]sf]df a'emfP a'emL jf ;f] afkt h]yf hdfgL lnO{
5f8L lbg' k5{ . s}b nfu]sf]df k'g/fj]bg ug{ cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf] !($
gDa/ adf]lhd w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbPdf ;f] lnO{ 5f8\g' k5{ . ga'emfP jf glbP
hl/afgf afkt nfUg] s}b / ˚};nfn] ePsf] s}b ;d]t c;"n ug{ sf/fuf/df k7fO{
lbg' k5{ . ;hfo kfpg] s;"/bf/ xflh/ g/x]sf] eP lu/Çtf/ ug{ c8\8faf6}
;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ cfb]z u/L o;} dxnsf] @% / @^ gDa/x?df n]lvP
adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ;d]t rnfpg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt k|x/L

 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(70)
sfof{non] ;hfo kfpg] s;"/bf/nfO{ vf]h tnf; u/L kqmL c8\8fdf bflvn ug{'
k5{ . ˚};nf adf]lhd nfu]sf] ;hfosf] nut ˚};nf ug{] c8\8fn] cf˚}n] s:g'
kg{]df cf˚} s:g' / cGo Onfsfsf] z'? c8\8fdf s:g k7fpg' kg{]df ;f] c8\8fdf
˚};nf ePsf] ;ft lbgleq k7fpg' k5{ . nut s:bf s:g k7fp“bf ;hfo kfpg]
s;"/bf/nfO{ ˚};nf adf]lhd nfu]sf] ;hfo / ;f] c;"n ug{ u/]sf] sf/afxL ;d]t
v'nfpg' k5{ . ;fws hfx]/ u/]sf]df ;fws lgsf;f eO{ cfPkl5 ;f] adf]lhd nut
s:g' s;fpg' k5{ .
@#s= g+= .. .. ˚};nf adf]lhd ;/sf/L ljuf], bzf}+b lazf}+b ;d]t
OToflb lng' kg{] snddf jf ;j{Zj x'g] s;"/df s;"/bf/ xflh/ /x]sf] eP ˚};nf
ug{] c8\8fn] g} p;} avt kqmL ˚};nfn] nfu]sf] ljuf], bzf}+b lazf}+b c;"n ug{] jf
;j{:j ug{] sf/afxL rnfpg' k5{ . ;hfo kfpg] s;"/bf/ xflh/ g/x]sf]df ;hfo
c;"n ug{] ;DaGwdf o;} dxnsf] @# gDa/df n]lvP adf]lhd lghnfO{ kqmfp ug{
/ @^ gDa/ adf]lhd ljuf], bzf}+b, lazf}+b c;"n ug{] jf @& gDa/ adf]lhd ;j{:j
ug{] ;d]t sf/afxL rnfpg' k5{ –––––––––––––––––––!
˚};nf adf]lhd nfUg] 7x/]sf] ;hfo jf ;/sf/L ljuf], bzf+}b, lazf}+b c;"n ug{]
l;nl;nfdf c8\8fn] s;"/bf/sf] hfohft jf ;j{Zj ug{' kbf{ k|x/L sfof{nosf]
;xfotf dfu]df t'?Gt lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
@$ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L ljuf] hl/afgf bzf}+b lazf}+b ;d]t OToflb lng'
kg]{ snddf jf ;j{:j x'g] s;"/df Ps k6s ;j{:j hfohft eO;s]kl5 ;f] ;j{:j
ePsf s;"/df / hfohft ePsf sndsf] af“sL hltdf b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
;f] afx]s c? s'/fsf] hfohftaf6 pk/ gePsf] af“sL ljuf] hl/afgfsf] nut
t'?Gt} / s}bsf] xsdf hfohft ePkl5 kf“r jif{b]lv a]kQ] eP nut sf6L lbg'
k5{ – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Hofg ;DaGwL d'2f, s'g} k|sf/sf] rf]/L d'2f jf /fhsfh d'2fsf] s;"/bf/nfO{
ePsf] ;hfosf] af“sL / ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] cfgf] lhDdfsf] ;/sf/L jf
;/sf/L ;+:yfg jf ;/sf/åf/f lgolGqt ;+:yfgsf] txljn, wgdfn df;L rf]/L
gf]S;fg kf/L vfP v'jfPsf] jf k]ZsL 7]ssf] jf af“sL gltg]{sf] dxnsf] @
gDa/sf] af“sL ;d]t olt sndsf] af“sLdf hlxn];'s} km]nf k/] klg km};nf
nut adf]lhdsf] ;hfo ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
u}x| ;/sf/L jf b]xfo bkmf ! df n]lvPsf] ;+:yfgsf] ljuf]df ck'tfnL vfg]af6
ck'tfnL vfPhlt ;DklQaf6 c;"n ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
af“sLjfnf d/L ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o ;d]t
kf“rhgf :yfgLo enfbdLsf] d?jf d'r'Nsf eO{ cfP s}b hl/afgf lazf}+bsf]
nut sf6L lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
af“sLjfnf dflg; jf lghsf] 3/ 7]ufg gnfu]df tLg jif{;Dd jif{sf] Ps k6s
/ dflg; 3/ 7]ufg nfu] klg efuL d/] af“r]sf] jf o; 7fp“df 5 eGg] 7]u fg
 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(71)
gnfu]df kf“r jif{;Dd jif{sf] Ps k6s ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf
gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o ;d]t :yfgLo enfbdL kf“r hgfsf] a]kQ] d'r'Nsf eO{
cfP h]yf x'g]sf] hfohft eO;s]sf] eP b]xfo bkmf ! df n]lvPsf] nut afx]s
c? nut sf6L lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
@% g+= .. .. hl/afgf jf ;/sf/L ljuf] c;"n ug{nfO{ b'lgof“sf] ljuf]
pk/ gx'GHofn kvL{ /xg' kb{}g . ;/sf/L ljuf] nfu]sf] dflg;n] ;f] lt/] lnO{ /
glt/] P]g adf]lhd hfohft u/L c;"n ug'{ k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd hfohft u/L ln+bf
gk'u]sf] af“sLdf xflh/ /x]sf] eP t'?Gt / xflh/ g/x]sf] eP o;} dxnsf] @#s=
gDa/ adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . ;/sf/L ljuf] afx]s s}b hl/afgf nfu]sfsf] xsdf ;f]
hl/afgf lt/] lnO{ glt/] ;f] hl/afgf afkt ;d]t s}b ug'{ k5{ . s}b ePkl5
hfohft ug'{ x'“b}g . s}b hl/afgf nfu]sf] dflg; efuL uof] eg] o;} dxnsf] @#
gDa/ adf]lhd kqmfp u/L hl/afgfdf / Ps lbgsf] krf; ?k}of“sf] b/n] ?k}of“
s;L s}bdf ;d]t hfohft u/L c;"n ug'{ k5{ . ˚};nf adf]lhd s}b x'g] 7x/]sf]
dflg; o;} dxnsf] @$ gDa/sf] Dofbleq ˚]nf k/] lghnfO{ ˚};nf adf]lhd s}b
u/L s}b afkt cfPsf] ?k}of“ l˚tf{ lbg' k5{ .
@^ g+= .. .. P]g adf]lhd hl/afgf s}b jfkt hfohft ubf{
s;"/bf/sf] c+zaf6 dfq k'u];Ddsf] c;"n u/L lng' k5{ . b'lgof“sf] ljuf] jfkt
hfohft ubf{ Tof] wg vfg] afx| jif{b]lv dflysf P]g adf]lhd dfg' g5'§L ;“u
a;]sf jf Tof] wg vf“bf ;“u a;]sf kl5 leGg x'g]sf] c+z ;d]t / ;/sf/L ljuf]df
hfohft ubf{ ;f] wg vf“bf ;“u a:g] ;a} c+lzof/sf] c+z hfohft ug'{ k5{ . ;f]
adf]lhd hfohft ubf{ :jf:gL, 5f]/L, a'xf/Lsf] bfOhf], ljjfx gePsf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf]
ljjfx vr{, b'lgof“sf] ljuf]df hfohftsf] b/vf:t gkb}{ / ;/sf/L ljuf]df ;f] ljuf]
nfUg] egL kqmfp ePsf ldlteGbf cufj} ;fx"nfO{ n]vL lbPsf] crnsf] ef]u b[li6
td;'s adf]lhdsf] y}nL, Ps xn uf]?, /f]huf/ ug]{ Ps;/f xltof/, vfg] ksfpg]
Ps;/f] ef“8f, cf]8\g] cf]5\ofpg], nfPsf] sk8f / cGg /x]5 eg] ;f] hfohft
x'g]nfO{ 5 dlxgf;Dd vfg k'Ug] cGg k/ ;f/L 5f8L c? hfohft u/L k'u];Dd
c;"n ug'{ k5{ . a9\tf eP lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ . hfohft ePkl5 k'u]g eg] klg c?
hxfgnfO{ kqmg x'“b}g . t/ km/f/ /x]sf] s;'/bf/sf] c+z hfohft lnnfd laqmL
ubf{ of] gDa/ adf]lhd s'g} s'/f k/ ;fg'{ kb}{g .
@& g+= .. .. ;j{:j ubf{ c+z gePsf c? c+lzof/sf] c+z k/ ;f/L /
s;"/ hfx]/ gx'“b} ef]u b[li6 aGws n]lvPsf td;'s adf]lhdsf] ;fx"sf] y}nL,
ljjfx gePsf 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] P]g adf]lhdsf] ljjfx vr{, :jf:gL, 5f]/L, a'xf/Lsf]
bfOhf] / h'g d'2faf6 ;j{:j x'g] ePsf] xf] To; d'2faf6 e/L kfpg] km};nf
adf]lhdsf] b'lgof“sf] ljuf] ;d]t k/ ;f/L s;"/bf/sf] dfq ;j{:j u/L lng' k5{ .
lwtf] gn]lvPsf] c? ;fx"sf] y}nL k/ ;fg'{ kb}{g .
@* g+= .. .. /}s/ hUuf sdfpg] df]xLsf] P]g adf]lhd hfohft ;j{:j
ubf{ /}s/ hUufdf ;f] df]xLsf] xs hlt ;nfdLdf a9fa9 u/fpg' k5{ . ;f] a9fa9
u/fp“bf dw]zdf eP Ps ljufxf, sf7df8f} pkTosf / kxf8df eP kf“r /f]kgL /

 bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(72)
/f]kgL gv'n]sf] kfvf]df ds}sf] Ps kfyL aLp hfg] hUuf p;}nfO{ yfdL c? hUuf
sfg"g adf]lhd a9fa9 u/fO{ ;f] a9fa9 ePsf] hUufsf] lt/f] af“sL eP klxn] ;f]
lt/f]df egf{ u/L af“sL /x]sf] ?k}of“ / lt/f] af“sL geP hDd} ?k}of“ hfohft
;j{:jdf egf{ u/L ;f] hUuf khgL ePsf hgfp tx;Ln ug]{ c8\8f / lhldbf/
tfn'sbf/nfO{ lbg] ug'{ k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd a9fa9L u/fp“bf s;}n] sa'n gu/]
p;}nfO{ yfdL lbg' k5{ . hUufsf] afnL lt/f] ga'emfp“bf hfohft ePsf]df eg] dfly
n]lvP adf]lhdsf] hUuf p;nfO{ 5f8L /xg' kb}{g afnL lt/f] ga'emfPdf x'g] sfg"g
adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . Ps} hUufdf ;fljssf] df]xLn] kfpg] p;nfO{ yfdL c? a9fa9
ePsf]df lt/f] c;"n ubf{ bfdf;fxLaf6 c;"n ug]{ ug'{ k5{ .
@( g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/sf] c;"n ug'{ kg]{df gltg]{nfO{ Tof] dflg;
;/sf/L sd{rf/L /x]5 eg] h'g c8\8faf6 kfl/>lds kfpg] xf] ;f] c8\8fnfO{
˚nfgf;“u o; Joxf]/fsf] olt lng' k5{ p;sf] kfl/>lds olt /f]Ssf u/L c;"n
ug'{ eGg] c8\8fsf] k"hL{ k7fpg' k5{ . To;/L /f]Ssf ubf{ lnvt ePsf]df lnvt}
adf]lhd / c?df txaLn d:of}6 / 7f8f] af“sLsf] snddf afx]s ;f] sd{rf/Lsf]
kfl/>ldssf] rf/ v08sf] tLg v08 dfq af“sL c;"n geP;Dd /f]Ssf u/L c;"n
ug'{ k5{ .
#) g+= .. .. hfohft jf ;j{:jsf] l;nl;nfdf ;DklQ tfobft jf
lnnfd laqmL ug'{ kbf{ ;d]t eP;Dd p; 7fp“sf tfn'sbf/ lhldbf/ / lghx?
gePdf lghx?sf] bfdsfd ug]{ JolQm, ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf]
;b:o jf k|ltlglw, sDtLdf b'O{hgf enfbdL … … … ;d]t ;fIfL /fvL b]xfo
adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
… … … – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !

hfohft ;j{:jdf cfPsf 3/ hUuf sfg"g adf]lhd u/L / ;f] afx]s c?

wgdfn lnnfd x'g] lnnfd ubf{ ;'g, rf“bL, hjfx/ft eP b/ tf}n u/L / c?
j:t' eP ;f]em} lnnfd laqmL ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
;'g, rf“bL, hjfx/ft / lsdtL rLhx? c8\8}df NofO{ / ;f] afx]s c? rn
wgdfn ;/hdLg d} u} lnnfd laqmL u/] klg x'G5 –– – – – – – – – – – – #
td;'s alxvftfsf] nxgf tx;Ln x'g] sfuhkq cfPsf] eP hfohft ;j{:j
ug]{ c8\8}df nut u/L P]g adf]lhd c;"n ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – $
#! g+= .. .. hl/afgf, s}b, ;j{:j jf ;/sf/L ljuf] afktdf hfohft
x'“bf cfPsf] ˚';sf] 3/ sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ lnnfd laqmL ubf{ s;}n] klg ;sf/
u/]g eg] To:tf] 3/sf] k~rs[tL{ df]n ubf{ Ps;o ?k}of“;Dd hfg] 7x/]sf]df ;f]
df]n ;/sf/L lng' kg]{ ?k}of“sf] hDdfdf ldgfxf lbO{ 3/ p;}nfO{ yfdL lbg' k5{ .
Ps;o ?k}of“b]lv a9L df]lnPsf] 3/ eg] p;}nfO{ yfldg ;St}g . >]:tfdf r9fO{
;/sf/L sfddf nufO{ /fVg] jf axfn aGbf]a:t x'g ;s] ;f] adf]lhd u/L
lx˚fht;fy /fVg' k5{ . b'lgof“sf] ljuf] afkt cfPsf]df eg] ljuf] e/L kfpg]
JolQmn] k~rs[tL{ df]ndf ;sf/ u/L lng' k5{ . ;sf/ u/L glnP ;f] 3/sf]

 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

(73)
k~rs[tL{ df]n e/L kfpg] ljuf]df ldgfxf lbnfO{ ;f] 3/ h;sf] xf] p;}nfO{ yfdL
lbg' k5{ .
#@ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L af“sL afkt hfohft jf ;j{:j x'g] dflg;sf]
hfohft jf ;j{:j ubf{ b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – –
hfohft ;j{:j eO{ c8\8fdf cfPsf] ;ft lbgleq ˚nfgfsf] hfohft ;j{:j
eO{ cfPsf]df s;}n] bafP 5'kfPsf] s'/f yfxf 5 eg] cfhsf tLg dlxgfleq
hfohft ;j{:j ug]{ c8\8fdf hfx]/ ug{ cfpg' gcfP P]g adf]lhd ;hfo ;d]t
x'g]5 egL n]vL hfohft ;j{:j x'g]sf] 3/df ;a}n] b]Vg] 7fp“df / hfohft
;j{:j ug]{ c8\8fsf] 9f]sfdf ;d]t Dofb 6f“;L lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – !
Dofb 6f“:bf ;f] hfohft ;j{:j x'g] dflg;;“u ef]u b[li6 n]vfO{ lnPsf] jf gf;f]
w/f}6 lnO{ /fv]sf] rn crn u}x| / c;fdLn] ltg'{ kg]{ glt/L /fv]sf] / hUuf
sdfpg] df]xL s'l/ofn] afnL glt/L af“sL /fv]sf] ;d]t hf] hf] 5 ;f] s'/f hfx]/
ug{ cfpg' egL 3/ v]t, hUuf, hdLg, bf]kfof, rf}kfof / c;fdL;Ddsf]
˚f“6jf/L / c? dfnsf] uf]Zjf/f tkl;ndf n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f ;d]t hgfO{ Dofb
6f“;L lbg' k5{ ––––––––––––––––––––––––––@
;f] Dofbleq hfx]/ gu/L Dofb gf3]kl5 hfx]/ eof] eg] ef]u b[li6jfnfn] hfx]/
gu/]sf] eP ef]u b[li6 ln+bf hUuf, hdLg, 3/v]tdf P]g adf]lhdsf] df]ndf
;os8f kf“r / rn j:t' lnPdf ;os8f aL;;Dd gk'Ug] u/L lnPsf] eP bz
?k}of“dfq hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ ––––––––––––––––––––#
n]lvPb]lv a9\tf gf˚f x'g] u/L ef]u b[li6 lnPdf / rn crn bafO{ 5'kfO{
Dofbleq hfx]/ gu/]df ;d]t ;f]xL bafPsf] ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf ;d]t u/L
lng' k5{ . Dofbleq hfx]/ ug{ cfof] eg] ef]u b[li6df n]lvPb]lv a9\tf gf˚f
x'g] u/L lnPsf] ePklg aft nfUb}g –––––––––––––––––$
## g+= .. .. ;j{:j x'g] jf ;/sf/L ljuf] nfUg] 7x/L ˚};nf ePkl5
k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb gf3L jf k'g/fj]bg ˚};nf eO{ g;sL hfohft ;j{:j lnnfd
laqmL ug{ x'“b}g . ;j{:j x'g] jf ljuf] lng] 7x/]kl5 o;} dxnsf] #) gDa/
adf]lhd hfohft ;j{:j u/L wgdfn lxgfldgf x'g gkfpg] aGbf]a:t k'¥ofO{
dfyj/ dflg;sf] lhDdf nufO{ /f]Ssf /fVg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd /f]Ssf /x]sf]df
k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb;Dddf k'g/fj]bg k/]g eg] k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb u'h|]kl5 /
k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]df hf“Rg] dflyNnf txsf c8\8faf6 klg tNnf] txsf c8\8fn] u/]
adf]lhd ljuf] nfUg] jf ;j{:j x'g] 7x¥of] eg] ;f] /f]Ssf ePsf] wgdfn sfg"g
adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL u/L :ofxf bg'{ k5{ . To;kl5 klg k'g/fj]bg u/L
plN6Psf]df / ;fws lgsf;f x'“bf l˚tf{ ug'{ kg]{ eof] eg] lnnfd laqmLaf6 cfPsf]
gubL g} l˚tf{ ug]{ ug'{ k5{ . ;/sf/L ljuf] nfUg] 7x/]sf]df nfUg] 7x/]sf] ljuf]df
w/f}6 jf dfyj/ wg hdfgL lbof] eg] hfohft /f]Ssf ug'{ kb}{g . ;/sf/L
sd{rf/LnfO{ n]lvP adf]lhd ;/sf/L ljuf] nfUg] jf ;j{:j x'g] 7x/]df txjLn
df;]sf] jf 7f8f] af“sLdf jf ;j{:j x'g]df eP dfly n]lvP adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . ;f]
afx]s c? lsl;dsf] ljuf]df hfohft /f]Ssf ug'{ kb}{g . o;} dxnsf] @( gDa/df
n]lvP adf]lhd kfl/>lds;Dd /f]Ssf u/L /fVg' k5{ .

(74)
 #$ g+= .. .. hfohft jf ;j{:jdf cfPsf] jf /f]Ssf;Dd ePsf]
wgdfn s]xL kl/aGbn] df}s}df lnnfd laqmL gu/]df ;8L unL gf]S;fg eO{ hfg]
lhG;L dfn /x]5 eg] To;} /fVg x'“b}g ;f] ;8L unL hfg] hlt dfn sfg"g
adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ lnnfd laqmL u/L gub} kf/L cfPsf] ?k}of“ >]:tfdf cfDbfgL
af“wL /fvL kl5 lng' lbg' l˚tf{ ug'{ kg]{ ;d]t h] 7x5{ ;f] cfPsf] gubL g} lng'
lbg' l˚tf{ ug]{ ug'{ k5{ . /f]Ssf;Dd ePsf c? s'g} dfn;fdfg klg nfdf]
;do;Dd /f]Ssf /fVbf lvof nfuL jf c? s'g} kl/aGbaf6 6'6˚'6 jf gf]S;fg x'g
;Sg] b]lvPdf To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] k~rs[lt df]n sfod u/L ;f] df]ndf dfnwgLn]
g} ;sf/ ug{ d~h'/ u/]df lghsf] sfuh u/fO{ lghnfO{ ;f] dfn lhDdf nufO{ lbg'
k5{ . dfnwgLn] ;sf/ gu/]df dfly n]lvP adf]lhd ;8L unL gf]S;fg eO{ hfg]
dfn ;/x lnnfd laqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
#% g+= .. .. hfohft ;j{:j ubf{ ;/sf/L k':tsfnodf /fVg
dfl˚ssf] k'/fgf lsl;dsf k':ts lg:Sof] eg] ;f] k':ts ;/sf/L k':tsfnodf
/fVg' k5{ kb}{g g]kfn ;/sf/df hfx]/ u/L /fVg dgfl;a 5 egL hjf˚ cfof] eg]
df]n e/fpg bflvn ug{ kg]{ eP lnnfd af]nfO{ lnnfdaf6 af]n]sf] kg]{ 7x/]sf]
df]n hfohft ;j{:jdf egf{ u/L / df]n egf{ ug{ gkg]{ eP To;} ;f] k':ts
;/sf/L k':tsfnodf bflvn u/L e/kfO{ lng' k5{ .
#^ g+= .. .. hfohft ;j{:j ubf{ xltof/ vhfgf OToflb g]kfn
;/sf/af6 dgfxL ePsf dfnx? b]lvP lg:s]df ;f] dfn lnnfd laqmL ug{ x'“b}g .
kf; u/fO{ /fVg kg]{df kf; u/fO{ /fv]sf] 5 5}g a'emL lg:s]sf] b]lvPsf dfnsf]
˚f“6jf/L n]vL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nonfO{ n]vf}6 u/L k7fO{ ;f] c8\8f df˚{t
lgsf;f eO{ cfP adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
#& g+= .. .. af“sL ljuf] hl/afgf s}b ;d]t c;"n ug{ c+z ;j{:j
hfohft /f]Ssf tfobft ug{ jf ljuf] e/fpg] rng rnfpg a08f 5'6\ofpg kbf{
;d]t c8\8faf6 ;f] sfd tfd]n ug{ v6L cfPsfnfO{ ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf
gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o, tfn'sbf/, :yfgLo enfbdL ;d]tn] ;DalGwt dflg; /
3/åf/ hfohft ;DklQ vf]hL b]vfO{ lrgfO{ kqmfp u/fO{ lbg' k5{ / ;f] ;DaGwdf
ug'{ kg]{ d'r'Nsfx?df ;fIfL a;L ;xL u/L cfjZos ;a} ;xof]u ug'{ k5{ . ;f]
gug]{nfO{ Ps;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 . gd/]sfnfO{ d/]sf], 3/€f/ dflg;
ePsf]nfO{ gePsf] jf j]kQ] gePsf]nfO{ j]kQ] ePsf] jf hfohft ePsf]df hfohft
5}g egL jf hfgLhfgL s'g} em'§f Joxf]/f n]vfO{ b]vfO{ lbP jf em'§ f d'r'Nsf ul/lbP
jf s'g} sfd tfd]n ug{ afwf lj/f]w u/]df Ps xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf kGw|
lbg;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
#* g+= .. .. hl/afgf jf ;/sf/L ljuf] afkt s}b 7]Sg' kbf{ P]gdf
n]lvPsf] s}bsf] xbdf ga9\g] u/L b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – –

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 s]lx g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)$* åf/f yk .
 s]lx g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)$* åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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s}b jf hl/afgf b'j} ;hfo ePsf]df hl/afgf glt/] afktsf] s}b 7]Sg' kbf{
rf/ jif{ eGbf a9L cjlwsf] s}b 7]Sg' x'“b}g . t/ gfafnsnfO{ hl/afgf glt/]
afktsf] s}b 7]Sg' kbf{ pd]/ k'u]sf] JolQmnfO{ x'g] s}bsf] cfwfdf ga9\g] u/L
s}b 7]Sg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
s}b jf hl/afgf dWo] s'g} jf b'j} ;hfo x'g ;Sg] ck/fwdf hl/afgf dfqsf]
;hfo ePsf]df ;f] hl/afgf glt/] afktsf] s}bsf] ;hfo 7]Sg' kbf{ ;f]
ck/fwdf x'g ;Sg] s}bsf] pkNnf] xbsf] cfwfeGbf a9L gx'g] cjlw;Ddsf]
dfq s}b 7]Sg' k5{ –––––––––––––––––––––––– @
hl/afgfsf] dfq ;hfo x'g] ck/fwdf hl/afgfsf] ;hfo ePsf]df ;f] hl/afgf
glt/] afktsf] s}bsf] ;hfo 7]Sg' kbf{ b'O{ jif{eGbf a9L gx'g] cjlw;Ddsf]
dfq s}b 7]Sg' k5{ ––––––––––– –––––––––––– #
hfohftaf6 pk/ gePsf] ;/sf/L ljuf]df s}b 7]Sg' kbf{ Ps xhf/
?k}of“;Ddsf] ljuf]df Ps jif{, kf“r xhf/ ?k}of“;Ddsf]df b'O{ jif{, bz xhf/
?k}of“;Ddsf]df tLg jif{ / bz xhf/ ?k}of“ eGbf a9Lsf] k|To]s bz xhf/df
Ps jif{ eGbf a9L s}b 7]Sg x'“b}g . ;f] adf]lhd s}b 7]Sbf bz jif{ eGbf a9L
x'g cfof] eg] klg bz jif{;Dd dfq s}b 7]Sg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – $
#( g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !) gDa/ adf]lhd hl/afgfsf] ;hfo
ePsf]df ;f] ltg{ g;sL s}b x'g] eof] eg] ;a} hl/afgfsf] snd b]vfO{ h'g
hl/afgf jfkt a9L s}b x'G5 ;f] hl/afgfsf] s}b ug'{ k5{ . ltg{ Nofof] eg] 7]lsP
hlt s}bsf] dfq ?k}of“ lt/L hfg kfp“b}g, To;nfO{ nfu]sf] ;a} hl/afgfsf] hDdf
c°df s}b a;]sf] hlt s§f u/L c? a'emL lng' k5{ .
$) g+= .. .. s}b Dofb 7]Sg' kbf{ b]xfo adf]lhd u/L s}b Dofb 7]Sg]
ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
s}bsf] ;hfo tf]lsPsf]df s}b 7]Sg' kbf{ hlt jif{, dlxgf / lbg tf]lsPsf] 5
;f] adf]lhdsf] hDd}df s}b 7]Sg] ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
hl/afgf bzf}+b lazf}+b aS;f}gL ljuf] ;d]t OToflb glt/L To; afktdf s}b
7]Sg' kbf{ lx;faaf6 jif{, dlxgf / lbg jf jif{ / lbg jf dlxgf / lbgdf s}b
7]Sg' kg]{ x'g cfPdf jif{ dlxgf k'u];Dd s}b 7]sL dlxgf gk'u]sf] rfgr'g lbg
hDd} 5fl8lbg' k5{ . dlxgf gk'u]sf] lbgsf] dfq s}b ug'{ kg]{ x'g cfPdf eg]
lx;faaf6 hlt lbg s}b ug'{ kg]{ x'g cfp“5 plt hDd}df s}b 7]Sg] ug'{ k5{ – – @
Ps} hgfnfO{ Ps d'2fb]lv a9L d'2fdf hl/afgf bzf}+b lazf}+b aS;f}gL OToflb
u}x| jfktdf Ps} k6s jf 7]ls/x]sf] s}b dfly ykL s}b ug'{ kbf{ klg dfly @
bkmf adf]lhd dlxgf gk'u]sf] 5f8\g' kg]{ rfgr'g lbg d'2} lkR5] 5f8L s}b ug]{
ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
dfly @.# bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd rfgr'g lbg 5f8L dlxgf jif{ k'u]sf]df dfq
s}b 7]sL ;s]kl5 s}bsf] ?k}of“ ltg{ kfpg]df lt5'{ eg] 7]lsPsf s}b hltdf

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(76)
e'Qmfg u/]sf] hlt ldgfxf lbO{ af“sL s}bsf] P]g adf]lhdsf] ?k}of“ lng' k5{ .
5fl8lbPsf rfgr'g lbgsf] ?k}of“ lng' x'“b}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
$! g+= .. .. Ps} dflg;nfO{ Ps} jf w]/} d'2fsf] w]/} sndsf] s}b
7]Sg' k/]df h'g snddf s}bsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] xb 5 ;f] xb ggf£g] u/L Ps} jf
w]/} d'2fdf Ps} jf w]/} snddf u/L s}b 7]Sg' k5{ . To;/L s}b 7]lsPsf]df s}b
e'Qmfg x'g gkfp“b} csf]{ snddf s}b 7]Sg' kg]{ eof] / cl3 7]lsPsf] hDdf
s}beGbf kl5 7]Sg' kg]{ sndsf] xb a9L 5 eg] cl3 s}b 7]Sbf y'gfdf k/]sf]
ldltb]lv kl5 7]lsPsf] sndsf] xb ggf£g] u/L s}b 7]Sg' k5{ . cl3 7]lsPsf] s}b
eGbf kl5 7]Sg] sndsf] xb 36L /x]5 eg] yk s}b 7]Sg' kb}{g . km};nf, s}bL k"hL{,
s}b 7]Sg] lstfadf;Dd v'nfO{ lbg' k5{ / kl5 7]lsg] sndsf] xb 36L ePklg
cl3 s}b ubf{ 7"nf] sndsf] xb gk'u]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] gk'u lbg;Dd kl5Nnf]
snddf s}b ug'{ k5{ . w]/} sndsf] s}bsf] xb a/fa/ x'g cfof] eg] ;f] dWo] Ps
sndsf] s}b 7]Sg' k5{ . c? sndsf xsdf km};nf, s}bL k"hL{, s}b 7]Sg]
lstfadf;Dd v'nfpg' k5{ . t/ km};nf eO{ ;s]kl5 s}b ga:b} jf y'gf s}b a;]sf]
cj:yfdf jf y'gf s}baf6 5'6]sf] jf efu]sf] cj:yf csf]{ s;"/ u/]sf]df ;f] s;"/
jfkt sfg"g adf]lhd yk s}b 7]Sg' k5{ .
$!s= g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] cGo gDa/x?df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg hl/afgf jf s}bsf] ;hfo nfu]sf] JolQm clGtd km};nf x'“bf c8\8fdf
pkl:yt e} hl/afgf a'emfpg jf s}bdf a:g d~h'/ ePdf jf To:tf] ;hfo x'g]
u/L km};nf ePsf] JolQm km};nf ePsf] ldltn] ;f7L lbgleq km};nf ug]{ jf nut
/x]sf] c8\8fdf xflh/ e} hl/afgf ltg{ jf s}bdf a:g cfkm} pkl:yt ePdf
lghnfO{ ePsf] hl/afgf / s}bsf] ;hfodf aL; k|ltzt ldGxf lbO{ af“sLsf] dfq
nut sfod u/L ;hfo sfof{lGjt ul/g]5 .
$!v= g+= .. .. u|fdL0f If]q, gu/ If]q, lhNnf jf c~rnsf] l;dfgf
x]/km]/ ePdf To:tf] x]/km]/ ePaf6 hl/afgf, s}b, ljuf] jf km};nf adf]lhdsf] s'g}
;/sf/L /sd c;"n ug'{ kg]{ JolQmsf] jtg km/s kg{ uPdf c8\8fn] klg nutdf
;f]xL adf]lhd jtg ;RofO{ b'?:t agfO{ /fVg' k5{ . g]kfn ;/sf/ jf l;dfgf
x]/km]/ ug]{ lgsfon] klg To;/L ;DalGwt u|fdL0f If]q, gu/ If]q, lhNnf jf
c~rnsf] l;dfgf x]/km]/ ePsf] ;"rgf g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 .
$@ g+= .. .. ljuf] el/kfpg]df ;f] el/kfpg]sf] b/vf:t gk/L
el/e/fp ug{ x'“b}g . el/kfpgfnfO{ km};nfsf] /Ltk"j{ssf] gSsn lnO{ b]xfosf]
Dofbdf hfohftsf] b/vf:t lbg cfPdf b]xfo adf]lhd u/L e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f]
Dofb gf3]kl5 b/vf:t nfUg / Dofbleq b/vf:t lbPdf c8\8faf6 lbPsf] tfl/v
u'hf/L a:of] eg] km};nfn] kfpg] ePsf] ljuf] el/e/fp x'g ;St}g – – – – – – –

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(77)
  ljuf] el/kfpg] u/L cflv/L km};nf ePsf] ldltn] tLg jif{leq
b/vf:t lbg' k5{ . n]lvPsf] Dofbleq b/vf:t lbg cfPdf ljuf] el/kfpg] sfd
vtd geP;Dd c8\8faf6 lbPsf] tfl/vdf /xL hfohft ;d]t b]vfO{ lbp“nf
tfl/v u'hf/] P]g adf]lhd ug'{ eGg] ;d]t af]nL kf/L b/vf:t lnO{ tfl/vdf /fvL
Dofb kfP jf 6f“;]sf] k}+tL; lbgleq eg'{ kg]{ ljuf], lazf}+b nfUg]df ;f] ;d]t
bflvn ug{ Nofpg' gNofP P]g adf]lhd hfohft x'G5 egL b/vf:t k/]sf] ;ft
lbgleq ljuf] eg'{ kg]{sf] gfddf Dofb hf/L ug'{ k5{ / ;f] Dofbleq ljuf]
lazf}+b bflvn ug{ gNofP P]g adf]lhd hfohft u/L e/fO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – !
dfly ! bkmf adf]lhd hfohftaf6 k"/f ljuf] k'u]g eg] gk'u hltdf n]gb]g
Jojxf/sf] dxnsf] !( gDa/, bfdf;fxLsf] dxnsf] !) gDa/, af“sL gltg]{sf]
dxnsf] !) gDa/, rf]/Lsf] dxnsf] !) gDa/ / cfuf] nufpg]sf] dxnsf] (
gDa/ adf]lhd s}b u/fpg kfpg]df s}b u/fO{ kfp“ egL s}bdf a;'GHofn
vfgnfO{ s}bL y'g'jfn] kfpg] ;/xsf] l;wf vr{ ;d]t bflvn u/L cl3
hfohftaf6 e/L kfPsf ;ft lbgleq b/vf:t lbg' k5{ . To:tf] b/vf:t kg{
cfof] eg] xflsdn] To; s'/fsf] krf{ v8f u/L s}b ul/lbg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd
s}b gu/fPsf] jf s}b gx'g]df cl3 hfohft x'“bf bafP 5kfPsf] eP dfq bafP
5kfPsf] rn crn wgdfnsf] kQf nufO{ cl3 e/L kfPsf ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq
b/vf:t lbg' k5{ . ;f] Dofbleq bafP 5kfPsf] rn crn wgdfnsf] kmf“6
vf]nL b/vf:t lbg cfof] eg] P]gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ kQf nufO{ NofPsf] h]yf
wgdfn lnnfd laqmL u/L wgLnfO{ e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . n]lvP adf]lhd eO;s]kl5
klg el/kfpg] hDd} wg k'Ug ;s]g eg] gk'udf ;f] hfohft x'g]nfO{ kqmg,
bfjf ug{ / bf]xf]/f] hfohft u/fpg ;d]t kfp“b}g . axL, vftf, td;'s, lnvt
;d]t hf] 5 km§f u/fO{ lbg' k5{ –––––––––––––––––––@
hfohft ug'{ gk/L c8\8faf6 e/fO{ lbPsf] jf hfohftaf6 pk/ ePsf] ljuf]
e/fO{ lbPsf]df P]g adf]lhd p;} avt bzf}+b lazf}+b pk/ u/L lng' k5{ – – – #
hfohft ug'{ kg]{ dflg; cs}{ Onfsfdf a;]sf] /x]5 / k"hL{åf/f cs}{ c8\8faf6
ug'{ kg]{df wgLn] hfohft b]vfpg uP p;nfO{ ;d]t /fvL / guP c8\8}af6
af6fsf Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq ul/lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
hfohft u/fO{ dfUg] b/vf:t lbO{ sf/afxLnfO{ c8\8faf6 lbPsf] tfl/v u'hf/L a:g]nfO{
o;} dxnsf] $* gDa/ adf]lhd u/L ljuf]sf] nut ;d]t sf6L lbg' k5{ – – %
$# g+= .. .. d'2f km};nf e} k'g/fj]bg ph"/sf] Dofb gf3]kl5
hfohftaf6 e/fpg] ljuf] afx]s km};nf adf]lhd rng kfpg] j:t' rng ug{ hf“bf
glbPdf b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd x'G5 –––––––––––––––––
cflv/L 6'·f] nflu km};nf ePkl5 ;f] km};nf ePsf ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq h'g
c8\8faf6 rng kfpg] xf] ;f] c8\8fdf rng kfp“ eGg] b/vf:t lbg' k5{ . ;f]
b'O{ jif{sf] Dofb gf3]kl5 eg] ;f] rng rnfpg] j:t'sf] P] g km};nf adf]lhd
nfu]sf] b:t'/sf] cfwf b:t'/ km]l/ lbP dfq ;f] klxnf b'O{ jif{sf] Dofb gf3]sf]

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(78)
ldltn] km]l/ Ps jif{leq b/vf:t lbg kfp“5 . ;f] Dofb gf3]kl5 eg] b/vf:t
lng / c8\8faf6 rng rnfO{ lbg ;d]t kb}{g – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
cflv/L 6'·f] nfuL km};nf e} xs a]xs 5'l6OPsfsf] xs sfod ePsf]
;DklQdf ;f] JolQmn] rng rnfO{ kfp“ egL km};nf ePsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq
b/vf:t lbPdf c8\8fn] rng rnfO{ lbg' k5{ . rng rnfO{ kfp“ egL 5'§}
gfln; ug'{ kb}{g . ;f] adf]lhd c8\8fn] rng rnfO{ lb+bf sfg"g adf]lhd
nfUg] sf]6{ kmL / ljuf]sf] c9fO{ k|ltzt b:t'/ / ljuf] gv'n]sf]df k~rs[lt
df]n adf]lhdsf] ljuf] sfod u/L ;f] ljuf]sf] c9fO{ k|ltzt b:t'/ ;"rgf
kfPsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq bflvn ug{ Nofpg' egL c8\8fn] ;f] rng rnfO{
kfp“ eGg] JolQmnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' k5{ . ;f] b'O{ jif{sf] Dofb jf k}+tL; lbgsf]
Dofb gf3]sf]df ;f] b:t'/sf] 8]9L b:t'/ ;lxt ;f] Dofb gf3]sf] ldltn] Ps
jif{leq b/vf:t lbP rng rnfO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f] Dofb gf3]kl5 c8\8faf6 rng
rnfO{ lbg' kb}{g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !s=
b]xfo bkmf ! / !s= adf]lhd b/vf:t k/]kl5 To;sf] /l;b lbO{ b/vf:tjfnfnfO{
tfl/vdf /fvL ;ft lbgleq c8\8fsf] k"hL{ u/L cfÇgf] Onfsfdf eP cfÇg}
c8\8faf6 / c? Onfsfdf eP ;f] Onfsfsf] c8\8fnfO{ n]vL ;f] c8\8faf6
;d]t tLg dlxgf;Dddf ;f] rng kfpg] j:t' rng rnfO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – @
rng rnfp“bf ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglw
tfn'sbf/, pknAw eP;Ddsf jfbL, k|ltjfbL jf lghsf] k|ltlglw, :yfgLo
txsf] k|ltlglw tyf :yfgLo enfbdL ;d]t ;fIfL /fvL rng rnfO{ lbO{ rng
k"hL{ ;d]t lbg' k5{ . rng lbg' kg]{n] jf c? s;}n] rng rnfpg afwf lj/f]w
u/] cfjZos k/] ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsf k|x/L ;d]tsf] ;xof]u lnO{
cfjZos an k|of]u u/L rng rnfO{ lbg' k5{ / afwf lj/f]w ug]{nfO{ kqmL
c8\8fdf bflvn ug'{ k5{ . To:tf] afwf lj/f]w ug]{nfO{ Ps xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd
hl/afgf jf kGw| lbg;Dd s}b x'G5 –––––––––––#
rng lbg' kg]{ 3/, k;nleq wgdfn /fvL tfNrf df/L /fv]sf]df rng lbg'
kg]{ dflg; xflh/ eP vf]Ng nufO{ rng rnfO{ lbg' k5{ . xflh/ geP kGw|
lbgleq vfnL ul/lbg' To;kl5 s'g} lbg c8\8faf6 dflg; cfO{ tfnf nfuL
/fv] tfnf tf]8L /fv]sf] wgdfn tfobftL sAhf lnnfd laqmL u/L rng rnfO{
lbg]5 egL ;f]xL lbg ;f] rng rnfpg' kg]{ 3/ k;nsf] b}nfdf Dofb 6f“;L
Dofb gf3]kl5 ;f] adf]lhd u/L rng rnfO{ lbg' k5{ . wgdfn sAhf lnnfd
laqmL u/]sf]df ;f] u/]sf] Ps jif{leq lkmtf{ lng cfP ;os8f bz s6fO{ af“sL
lkmtf{ ug'{ k5{ ;f] Dofbleq lkmtf{ lng gcfP lbg' kb}{g, cfDbfgL af“Wg' k5{ – – $
Ps k6s rng rnfO{ lbPsf]df rng g5f8L lvrf]nf u/]df lvrf]nf u/]sf]
k6s} lkR5] Ps xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf Ps dlxgf;Dd s}b u/L cl3

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
;+zf]lwt .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(79)
rng rnfO{ lbPsf] ;DklQdf km};nf adf]lhd km]l/ rng rnfO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f]
adf]lhd rng kfpg km]l/ gfln; ul//xg' kb}{g . b/vf:taf6} rng rnfO{
lbg' k5{ / To:tf]df rng rnfO{ lbP jfkt b:t'/ a'emfO{ /xg' kb}{g – – – – – %
3/ hUuf ;DaGwL cf+lzs bfaL ePsf] d'2fdf To:tf] 3/ hUufsf] lbzf /

tkm{ v'nfOPsf] /x]g5 eg] To:tf] bfaLsf ;DaGwdf kIfnfO{ /f]xa/df /fvL
g/d u/d ldnfO{ c8\8fn] 5'6\ofO{ lbg ;Sg]5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ^
$$ g+= .. .. Dofbleq lnvt /lhi6«]zg u/L glbPsf]n] jf bflvn
vfl/h gfd;f/L u/L glbPsf]n] gfln; ph"/ k/L /lhi6«]zg jf bflvn vfl/h
gfd;f/L u/L lbg' kg]{ 7x/L km};nf ePsf]df km};nf ug]{ c8\8fn] km};nf adf]lhd
kf; jf bflvn vfl/h gfd;f/L ul/lbg] c8\8fnfO{ k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb gf3]kl5
k"hL{ ul/lbg] egL rng rnfO{ lbg]sf] nut s;] ;/x nut lstfadf n]vL /fvL
k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]df k'g/fj]bg km};nf eO{ 6'·f] nfuL / k'g/fj]bg gk/]sf]df
k'g/fj]bg lbg] xbDofb gf3L ph"/ gnfUg] e};s]sf ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq km};nf
adf]lhd u/fO{ dfUg] dflg;n] km};nf adf]lhd u/fO{ dfUgnfO{ km};nf k"hL{ ul/lbg]
c8\8fdf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ . n]lvPsf Dofbleq b/vf:t kg{ cfPdf b/vf:t lbg
cfpg]nfO{ tfl/vdf /fvL km};nf k"hL{ ul/lbg] c8\8fn] km};nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg
gnfUg] e};s]sf] 5 5}g egL x]/L a'emL k'g/fj]bg ph"/ gnfUg] e};s]sf] /x]5 eg]
b/vf:t k/]sf ldltn] kGw|lbgleq k'g/fj]bg ph"/ gnfUg] e};s]sf] x'gfn] km};nf
adf]lhd /lhi6«]zg jf bflvn vfl/h gfd;f/L ul/lbg' eGg] Joxf]/fsf] kf; jf
bflvn vfl/h ul/lbg] c8\8fsf gfp“df k"hL{ n]vL k7fO{ b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ klg
km};nf adf]lhd ul/lbg' eGg] kmnfgf c8\8fnfO{ kmnfgf ldltdf k"hL{ e};s]sf]5 ;f]
c8\8fdf cfhsf k}+tL; lbgleq xflh/ e} km};nf adf]lhd u/fO{ dfUg hfg' eGg]
k"hL{ ul/lbO{ ;f] k"hL{ a'lemlnPsfsf] e/kfO{ ;d]t lnO{ /fVg] ug'{ k5{ . Dofbleq
b/vf:t gk/] /lhi6«]zg ug]{ k"hL{ x'g ;St}g . bflvn vfl/h gfd;f/Lsf] xsdf
;f] Dofb gf3]kl5 b/vf:t k/]sf] jf k"hL{ adf]lhd xflh/ ePsf]df k|To]s jif{sf]
lgldQ lt/f]sf] rf/ v08sf] Ps v08 hl/afgf u/L n]lvP adf]lhd bflvn vfl/h
gfd;f/L ul/lbg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd hl/afgf ubf{ hlt;'s} jif{ ePklg lt/f]
adf]lhd eGbf a9L ug{ x'“b}g .
$% g+= .. .. w/f}6 /fv]sf] y}nL ;fx"nfO{ a'emfpg nufO{ lgvgfO{ lbg]
7x/L km};nf ePsf]df k'g/fj]bg gnfUg] e};s]kl5 lgvGg glbO{ rng ul//fv]sf]
3/ hUufx?sf] rng 5f8L w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL lng k'g/fj]bg gnfUg] ePsf] ldltn]
tLg jif{leq y}nL w/f}6 /x]sf c8\8fdf xflh/ x'g hfg' k5{ . y}nL a'lemlnPsf] 5}g
egL lgvGg glbO{ To;} rng ul//xg kfp“b}g . lgvGg kfpg]n] rng ug{
kfp“5 . w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL a'emL lngnfO{ w/f}6 /x]sf] c8\8fdf Dofbleq cfPdf
b]xfo adf]lhd u/L w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . Dofbleq y}nL a'emL lng
gcfP Dofb gf3]kl5 el/kfpg ;St}g –– ––––––––––––––
tLg jif{ jf k'g/fj]bg lbg] Dofbleq w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL lngfnfO{ lgvGg
lbg ;fx" xflh/ x'g cfPdf crn dfn lgvGg lbg' kg]{ eP n]gb]g

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
yk .

(80)
Jojxf/sf] dxnsf] % gDa/ adf]lhd u/L lnvt bflvn u/] lnvtdf b/kL7
u/fO{ / lnvt s'g} kl/jGbn] bflvn ug{ g;Sg] ePdf lnvt o; kl/jGbn]
bflvn u/L lbg g;s]sf] x'gfn] y}nL a'emL lnO{ e/kfO{ ul/lbP“ lnvt kQf
nflu cfPsf avt lgvgL lng]nfO{ ;'DkL lbp“nf eGg] Joxf]/fsf] e/kfO{ n]vL
;xL5fk u/fO{ lnO{ P]g km};nfn] nfUg] hlt s§f u/L af“sL /x]sf] y}nL a'emfO{
lbO{ c8\8fdf lgvgL lng] xflh/ eP km§f e/kfO{ / lnvt;fy ;'DkL lbPsf]
sfuhkqx? ;'DkL lbO{ / xflh/ g/x] km§f e/kfO{ lnvt sfuhkqx? c8\8}df
/fvL ;fx"n] y}nL a'lemlnO{ b/kL7 u/]sf] lnvt / To;;fy bflvn u/]sf]
sfuhkqx? lng cfpg' egL lgvgL lng]sf gfp“df Dofb 6f“;L lng cfPsf
avt a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
rn dfn lgvGg lbg' kg]{ eO{ km};nf ePsf]df w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL a'emL lngnfO{
Dofbleq y}nL a'emL lng] ;fx" xflh/ x'gcfPsf avt lgvgL lng] ;d]t xflh/
ePsf] eP lnvtsf] kL7df n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] dxnsf] % gDa/ adf]lhd b/kL7
u/fO{ jf e/kfO{ u/fO{ ;f] b/kL7 eP ul/lbPsf] e/kfO{ / lgvGg lbg' kg]{ dfn
;d]t ;'DkL lbO{ w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL ;fx"nfO{ P]g km};nf adf]lhd nfu]sf] lng'
kg]{ lnO{ a'emfO{ lbg] / lgvgL lng] xflh/ g/x] y}nL a'emL lng cfpg] ;fx"nfO{
lgvgL lng] c;fdLsf gfp“df lgvGg kg]{ dfn a'emL lng cfpg' egL af6fsf]
Dofb afx]s k}+tL; lbgsf] Dofb k"hL{ hfg] ePsf] x'gfn] tfl/vsf lbg lgvGg
lbg' kg]{ dfn ;a} lnO{ xflh/ x'g cfpg' egL tfl/v tf]ls lgvgL lng]sf
gfp“df klg ;fx"n] w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL a'emL lngnfO{ xflh/ x'g cfPsf]5 af6fsf
Dofb afx]s k}+tL; lbgleq xflh/ e} lgvGg' kg]{ dfn hf“rL lng cfpg'
Dofbleq gcfP hl/afgf x'g]5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/f n]vL Dofb k"hL{ 6f“;L xflh/
e} a'emL lng cfP lgvGg lbg' kg]{ dfn a'emfO{ dfly ! bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd
lnvt km§f u/fO{ jf e/kfO{ u/fO{ lbO{ ;fx"nfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ y}nL dfly !
bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd u/L a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
dfn a'emL lng] Dofbleq xflh/ x'g gcfP Dofb u'h|]sf ldltn] kGw| lbgleq
lgvgL lng]nfO{ kqmfp ug{ k7fO{ kqmL Dofbleq lng gcfO{ c6]/ u/] jfkt tn
$ bkmf adf]lhd hl/afgf u/L a'emfpg nufO{ w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL ;fx"nfO{ dfly
! bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd u/L a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ ––––––––––– #
lgvGg lbg' kg]{ ;fx"n] w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL a'emL lngnfO{ xflh/ gx'“b} y}nL a'emL
lng] Dofb tLg jif{leq cl3af6 lgvGg kfpg] rflx+n] lgvgfO{ kfp“ egL
b/vf:t lbg cfPdf lgvGg] sfd vtd geP;Dd tfl/vdf /fvL lgvGg lbg'
kg]{ ;fx"nfO{ lgvgL lng]sf] o:tf] b/vf:t k/]sf]n] af6fsf Dofb afx]s k}+tL;
lbgleq lnvt sfuhkq / dfn lgvGg lbg' kg]{df lgvGg lbg' kg]{ dfn ;d]t
lnO{ w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL a'emL lng cfpg' eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] Dofb k"hL{ 6f“;L
xflh/ eP dfly n]lvP adf]lhd u/L / xflh/ geP Dofb gf3]sf kGw| lbgleq
kqmg k7fO{ kqmL NofO{ Dofbleq lng gcfO{ c8\8fsf] pbL{ g6]/] jfkt w/f}6
/x]sf] y}nLsf] ;os8f bzsf b/n] hl/afgf u/L dfly bkmf bkmfdf n]lvP
adf]lhd u/L w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL a'emfpg nufO{ lgvGg lbg' kg]{ dfn /
sfuhkq ;d]t lgvgL lng]nfO{ ;'lDklbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $

(81)
dfn lgvgfO{ lbg' kg]{df lgvGg lbg kg]{ ;fx" Dofbleq xflh/ x'g gcfPsf]n]
kqmfp ug{ k7fp“bf klg Dofb gf3]sf] k}+tL; lbgleq kqmfp e} cfPg x'g ;s]g
jf kqmfp ePsfn] g} cfPsf kGw| lbg;Dd y'Gbf klg lgvGg lbg' kg]{ dfn
bflvn ug{ g;s]sf] dgfl;a sf/0f klg eGg ;s]g eg] lgvGg lbg' kg]{
;fx"sf] tfobft u/L dfn lg:s] dfn lbnfO{ w/f}6 /x]sf] ?k}of“ a'emfO{lbg' k5{ .
dfn lg:s]g eg] lgvGg lbg' kg]{ dfnsf] ljuf]df w/f}6 /x]sf] ?k}of“ egf{ lbO{
gk'u hltdf hfohft u/L lnnfd laqmL u/L cfPsf] ?k}of“ / w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL
;d]t lgvgL kfpg] c;fdLnfO{ e/fO{ lbO{ gk'u ljuf]df a]OdfgL ug]{ ;fx"nfO{
n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] dxnsf] !( gDa/ adf]lhd s}b ug]{ /Lt k'¥ofO{ s}b u/fO{
kfp“ eGg] b/vf:t lbG5 eg] ;f]] adf]lhd Dofbleq ;f] dfn bflvn gug]{nfO{
dfly $ bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd hl/afgf u/L ;f] hl/afgfdf P]g adf]lhd u/L
y'lgPsf ;fx"nfO{ 5fl8lbg' k5{ ––––––––––––––––––– %
$^ g+= .. .. c8\8}af6 c+z 5'6\ofO{ a08f ul/lbg] u/L km};nf
ePsf]df km};nf adf]lhd c+z 5'6\ofO{ a08f ul/lb+bf b]xfo adf]lhd u/L a08f
ul/lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
hlt;'s} ljuf]sf] c+z a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbg' kg]{ ePklg c+z kfpg] jf lbg]sf]
b/vf:t gk/L To;} c+z a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbg x'“b}g . a08f 5'6\ofO{lbg] u/L
cflv/L 6'·f] nfuL km};nf ePsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq h'g c8\8faf6 a08f
5'6\ofO{ lbg] xf] ;f] c8\8fdf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ . ;f] b'O{ jif{sf] Dofb gf3]kl5
eg] ;f] a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbg] km};nf adf]lhdsf] nfu]sf] bzf}+bsf] cfwf km]l/ lbP
dfq ;f] klxnf b'O{ jif{sf] Dofb gf3]sf ldltn] km]/L Ps jif{leq b/vf:t lbg
kfp“5 . n]lvPsf Dofbleq b/vf:t k/] km};nf adf]lhd a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbg' k5{ .
;f] Dofb gf3]kl5 eg] b/vf:t lng / c8\8faf6 a08f 5'6\ofO{lbg ;d]t x'“b}g – !
b/vf:t lb+bf c+z lbg] jf lng] dflg; jfbL k|ltjfbLdf n]lvPsf] 7fp“df ga;L
cGoq a;]sf] eP xfn kmnfgf 7fp“df a;]sf]5', a08f 5'6\ofpg] sfd vtd
geP;Dd tfl/vdf /x'“nf tfl/v u'hf/] P]g adf]lhd ug'{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/f
n]vL o;} dxnsf] $@ gDa/ adf]lhd c+z kfpg] jf lbg] km};nfsf] gSsn
;d]t lnO{ b/vf:t lbg cfP Dofbleq bflvn ePsf] / k'g/fj]bgsf] xbDofb
u'h|L ;s]sf] /x]5 eg] b/vf:t btf{ u/L km};nfsf] gSsnsf] lz/df kmnfgf
ldltdf b/vf:t k/]sf] egL n]vL c8\8fsf] / xflsdsf] b:tvt u/L b/vf:t
lbg]nfO{ lkmtf{ lbO{ tn * bkmf adf]lhd c+z lbg] lng]nfO{ lemsfO{ km};nf nut
adf]lhd c+z 5'6\ofO{ lbnfO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
Ps hgfb]lv a9LnfO{ c+za08f 5'6\ofO{ lbg] u/L km};nf ePsf]df tL ;a}sf]
b/vf:t gk/L sf]xL sf]xLsf] dfq Dofbleq b/vf:t kg{ cfP b/vf:t lbg] Dofb
u'lh|g;s]sf] hltnfO{ kmnfgfsf] b/vf:t kg{ cfPsf]5 b/vf:t lbg] Dofb
af6fsf Dofb afx]s kGw lbgeGbf a9L Dofb af“sL eP kGw|} lbgleq /
To;eGbf 36L Dofb af“sL /x]sfnfO{ af“sL Dofbleq b/vf:t lbg cfP ltdL
;d]t ;a} /fvL Ps} k6s 5'6\ofO{ a08f u/L e/fO{ lbOg]5 gcfP dnfO{ g/fvL
a08f 5'6\ofO{ c;n sd;n k¥of] 36L a9L eof] eGg] s'/fsf] ltd|f] ph"/ nfUg]
5}g eGg] Joxf]/fsf] Dofb k"hL{ 6f“;L a08f g5'l§b} Dofbleq xflh/ eO{ b/vf:t
lbg cfP b/vf:t lnO{ Dofbleq b/vf:t lbg]x? hlt ;a} Ps} k6s gcfP

(82)
gcfpg]sf] efu ;d]t 5'6\ofO{ k/ ;f/L a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbg' k5{ . Dofbleq
b/vf:t lbg cfpg]x? hltnfO{ dfq km};nf adf]lhd a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbg' k5{ .
Dofbleq xflh/ gx'g]sf] dnfO{ g/fvL a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbof] c;n sd;n k¥of]
36L a9L eof] eGg] s'/fsf] ph"/ nfUg ;St}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
c+z lng] rflx+sf] b/vf:t gkb}{ cl3af6 c+z lbg' kg]{ rflx+n] km};nf adf]lhd
kmf“6jf/Ldf n]lvPsf] lbg' kg]{ c+z ;a} lbG5' lbnfO{ km';{b u/fO{ kfp“ egL c+z
lng]n] b/vf:t lbg' kg]{ Dofbleq b/vf:t lbg cfP k'g/fj]bg lbg] xbDofb
u'lh|;s]sf] /x]5 eg] c+z lng] rfxL km]nf gk/] tn * bkmfsf] b]xfo bkmf @
adf]lhd Dofb 6f“;L lemsfO{ P]g km};nf adf]lhd c+z lbnfO{ km';{b u/fO{ lbg'
k5{ . lbg' kg]{ ;a} lbG5' egL b/vf:tdf gn]lvP b/vf:t nfUg ;St}g . c+z
kfpg]sf] b/vf:t k/]sf] avt P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 egL n]vL lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ – – $
c+z lng] jf lbg]sf] b/vf:t k/]df c+z lbg] lng] / kmf“6jf/L adf]lhdsf] wg
dfn lhDdf lng] ;d]t km};nf adf]lhd ugf{nfO{ a08f 5'6\ofO{lbg ;s];Dd ?h'
/fVg' kg]{ b]lvP xflh/ eP km]nf k/]sf c+lzof/nfO{ a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbg] sfd
vtd geP;Dd tfl/vdf /fvL a08f 5'6\ofO{ sfd tfd]n ug'{ k5{ . a08f
5'6\ofO{ lbg' kg]{ ;a} 5'6\ofO{ lbg g;Sb} c+z lng]sf] b/vf:t k/]sf]df c+z
lng] lbg] b'a} y/Ln] jf c+z lng]n] / c+z lbg] rflx+sf] b/vf:t k/]sf]df c+z
lng] rflx+ xflh/ gx'“b} cl3af6 jf c+z lng] xflh/ eO;s]kl5 lng] lbg] b'a}
y/Ln] tfl/v u'hf/L P]gsf] Dofbleq ydfO{ Nofpg klg ;s]gg\ eg] ydfO{
Nofpg] Dofb gf3]kl5 af“sL a08f ug'{ kg]{ hlt a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbO/xg' kb}{g .
l8;ld; u/L Joxf]/f hgfO{ nut sf6L lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – –– %
c+z a08f 5'6\ofO{ lng] lbg] b/vf:t kg{ cfPdf b/vf:t btf{ ePsf] tLg
lbgleq a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbgnfO{ hf] ug'{ kg]{ sfd z'? u/L c+z lng] jf lbg]
km]nf gk/]df tn * bkmf adf]lhd u/L km]nf gk/]sf hltnfO{ lemsfpg' kg]{df
xflh/ ePsf jf xflh/ x'g] Dofb tfl/v u'h|]sf ldltn] / km]nf k/]df b/vf:t
k/]sf ldltn] chL{ nfUg] Dofb afx]s o;} dxnsf] $@ gDa/ adf]lhd tLg
dlxgf;Dddf e/;s rf“8f] sfd tfd]n ul/;Sg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – ^
c+z 5'6\ofO{ lng] lbg] ljifosf] b/vf:t btf{ ePdf btf{ ePsf ldltn]
tLg lbgleq cfÇg} Onfsfleqsf] eP dfly ! bkmf adf]lhd b/vf:t
lbg]nfO{ ;fy} nufO{ c+z lbg] jf lng] km]nf k/]g jf c+z lbg' kg]{sf
Psf3/sf hfgsf/ hxfg jfl/;jfnfn] b]vfO{ 5'6\ofO{ lbg cfPg eg] c+z
lbg] lhDdf lnO{ /fVg]x?nfO{ lemsfpgfnfO{ tn * bkmf adf]lhdsf] Dofb
k"hL{ 6f“;L cfpgnfO{ Dofb k"hL{ ;d]t n]vL 5fk nufO{ sd{rf/LnfO{ v6fO{
k7fO{ / c? c8\8fsf Onfsfdf k7fpg' kg]{df b/vf:t lbg]nfO{ tfl/v tf]sL
Onfsf c8\8fdf d'gfl;a dflkmssf] Dofb tf]sL n]vL k7fO{ tfd]n u/fpg
k7fpg] / ;f] c8\8fn] klg Dofbleq P]g adf]lhd hf] ug'{ kg]{ u/L tfd]n u/L
hgfp k7fO{lbg] ug'{ kb{5 –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – &
km};nf adf]lhd a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbgfnfO{ hf“bf k7fp“bf km};nf adf]lhd u/L c+z
lbg] jf kmf“6jf/L adf]lhdsf] wgdfn lhDdf lnO{ /fVg] c+lzof/n] jf lgh km]nf
gk/] To;sf Psf3/sf] hfgsf/ hxfgn] kmf“6jf/L adf]lhdsf] a08f ug'{ kg]{

(83)
wgdfn b]vfO{ bflvn u/L P]g km};nf adf]lhd 5'6\ofO{ lbg' k5{ . c+z lbg]
lhDdf lnO{ /fVg] km]nf k/]g To;sf Psf3/sf hfgsf/ hxfgx?n] klg
kmf“6jf/L adf]lhdsf] ;a} b]vfO{ lbPgg\ eg] c+z lbg] lng]nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
Dofb k"hL{ 6f“;L Dofbleq xflh/ eO{ b]vfO{ 5'6\ofO{ lbg cfPg jf k7fPg jf
xflh/ ePsfn] klg a08f ug'{ kg]{ b]vfO{ glbO{ lwªGofO{ u/L a:of] eg] o;}
dxnsf] #) gDa/sf dflg; ;d]t ;fIfL /fvL aGb ul//fv]sf] v'nf u/L
c8\8}af6 kmf“6jf/L adf]lhd >L ;DklQ a08f ul/lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – *
c+z 5'6\ofO{lbg] jf kmf“6df n]lvPsf] lhDdf lnO{ /fVg] c+lzof/x?nfO{
lemsfpg' k/]df km]nf gk/]sfnfO{ km};nf nut adf]lhd ltdL kmnfgf;“u
c+z 5'6\ofO{ lbnfO{ kfp“ egL kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g] kmnfgfn] kmnfgf ldltdf
b/vf:t lbg cfPsf / a'‰bf klg k'g/fj]bgsf] xbDofb u'lh|;s]sf] b]lvPsf]
x'gfn] c+z lnO{ 5'6\ofO{ lbgfnfO{ o; c8\8faf6 8f]/ v6fO{ k7fp“bf ltdL
km]nf gk/]sf] ltd|f] Psf3/;“u /x]sf] hfgsf/ xsbf/x?n] klg cfO{
kmf“6jf/Ldf n]lvPsf a08f ul/lbg' kg]{ wgdfn b]vfO{ 5'6\ofO{ lbg gcfPsf]
x'gfn] ltd|f] 3/ b}nfdf Dofb 6f“;L lbPsf]5 af6fsf Dofb afx]s kGw|
lbgleq o; c8\8fdf cfkm} xflh/ eO{ jf cfkm" xflh/ x'g cfpg g;s]
jfl/; k7fO{ cfgf lhDdfdf /x]sf] a08f ug'{ kg]{ kmf“6jf/L a08fkqdf
n]lvP adf]lhdsf] ;a} >L ;DklQ b]vfO{ 5'6\ofO{ a08f lbg cfpg' jf
k7fpg' gcfP gk7fP ltd|f] 3/df /x]sf] >L ;DklQ P]g adf]lhd c8\8}af6
hfohft u/L kmf“6jf/L a08fkq adf]lhd b]lvP;Ddsf] a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbO{
b]lvPsf] hfohftaf6 k'u] ltd|f] ;DklQ ltd|f xsbf/ jf dfyj/sf lhDdf
nufO{ lbg] / gk'u] gk'u hlt ltd|f] c+zaf6 s§f u/L egf{ lbP klg k'u]g
;f] gk'u bflvn klg ePg eg] ;fa"b bflvn gu/]df ;hfo u/L gk'u]hlt
c+z kfpg]n] ltdL;“u e/fO{ lng kfpg]5 . lazf}+b nfUg]df ltd|f] c+zaf6
k'u];Dd ltd|f] c+z lnnfd u/L pk/ ul/g] / hfohftaf6 pk/ x'g ;s]g
eg] P]g adf]lhd u/L c;"n ul/g]5 kl5 ltd|f] ph"/ nfUg] 5}g sfd tfd]n
eO{ g;Sb} Dofb gf3]kl5 xflh/ x'g cfPklg ltdL ;d]t /fvL a08f 5'6 \ofO{
lbg] sfd x'g]5 eGg] ;d]t hf] rflxg] Joxf]/fsf] c+z lbg] lhDdf lnO{
/fVg]x?sf] gfp“df Dofb k"hL{ 6f“;L lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
c+z 5'6\ofO{ lbg] rflx+sf] b/vf:t gkb}{ cl3 ;f] 5'6\ofO{ lbg] rflx+sf]
b/vf:t kg{ cfPdf c+z 5'6\ofO{ lng] km]nf gk/L lemsfpg' kg]{ x'g cfP
km};nf a08fkq adf]lhd lbg' kg]{ c+z ;a} lbG5' lbnfpg nufO{ km";{t
u/fO{ kfp“ eGg] kmnfgf 7fp“ a:g] kmnfgfsf] b/vf:t kg{ cfPsf] / ltdL
km]nf gk/]sf] x'gfn] Dofb 6f“;L lbPsf]5 c+z a'lemlngfnfO{ af6fsf Dofb
afx]s kGw| lbgeGbf a9\tf Dofb af“sL ePdf kGw| lbgleq / To;eGbf 36L
Dofb af“sL ePsf]df af“sL Dofbleq xflh/ eO{ lng cfpg' jf OR5fkq
n]vL jfl/; u/L k7fpg' Dofbleq xflh/ geP gk7fP km};nf a08fkq
adf]lhdsf] wgdfn 5'6\ofO{ dfyj/sf] lhDdf nufO{ lbOg]5 kl5 ltd|f] ph"/
nfUg] 5}g eGg] ;d]t hf] rflxg] Joxf]/fsf] Dofb 6f“;L lbg' k5{ – – – – – @
c+z lbg' kg]{ dflg; Dofb tfl/vdf xflh/ ge} Dofb gfl3;s]kl5 km};nf
adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ sfd tfd]n e} g;Sb} sf/0fL emul8of jf To;sf Psf3/sf

(84)
hfgsf/ hxfg jfl/;jfnf xflh/ x'g cfP k7fP lghx?nfO{ ;d]t /fvL P]g
km};nf adf]lhd hf] ug'{ kg]{ sf/afxL ug'{ k5{ – – – – – –– – – – – – – – (
6f“l;Psf Dofbleq km};nf adf]lhd lbgfnfO{ cfkm" klg xflh/ x'g cfPg jfl/;
klg k7fPg eg] Dofb u'h|]sf tLg lbgleq km};nf adf]lhd ul/lbgfnfO{
sf/afxL ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !)
c+z a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbgfnfO{ hf“bf km]nf k/]sf jf 6f“l;Psf Dofbdf xflh/ x'g
cfPsf c+z lbg] sf/0fL emul8ofn] jf tL xflh/ x'g gcfP km]nf gk/] klg
To;sf] xsbf/ jfl/;jfnfn] b]vfO{ lb+bf jf lghx? gcfPsf]n] c8\8faf6 vf]nL
x]bf{ lbg' kg]{ tfobft a08fkqdf n]lvP adf]lhdsf] ;a} ;fa"b b]lvP km};nf
a08fkq adf]lhdsf] a08f 5'6\ofO{ 5'6\ofO{lbP hltsf] P]g km};nf adf]lhd
bzf}+b lazf}+b hf] lng' kg]{ lng' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !!
km};nf adf]lhd ul/lbgfnfO{ c+z lbg];“u wgdfn lnO{ c+z 5'6\ofO{ lbgfnfO{
wgdfn lemsL aGb ul//fv]sf] v'nfO{ rng rnfO{ lbg' kg]{df ;f] ul/lbg]n] jf
To;sf Psf3/sf hfgsf/ hxfgn] xflh/ e}sg klg a08f ul/lbg' kg]{
wgdfn b]vfO{ 5'6\ofO{ jf lemsL v'nf u/L vfnL ug'{ kg]{ vfnL u/L glbPsf]n]
jf xflh/ x'g gcfPsf] e} c8\8faf6} ug'{ kg]{ x'g cfPdf lghx? eP lghx?
;d]t /fvL / lghx? xflh/ g/x] o;} dxnsf] #) gDa/ adf]lhdsf] dflg;
;fIfL /fvL vf]nL tfobftL u/L P]g km};nf adf]lhd hf] ug'{ kg]{ ug'{ k5{ – – – !@
c+z lbg] lhDdf lnO{ /fVg]n] xflh/ e} a08f 5'6\ofO{ lb+bf xf];\ Dofbdf xflh/
e} a08f ug'{ kg]{ wgdfn b]vfO{ 5'6\ofpg gcfp“bf lwªGofO{ eO{ a:bf
c8\8faf6 a08f 5'6\ofO{ lb+bf xf];\ kmf“6jf/L a08fkqdf n]lvPsf ;a} gb]vfO{
s]xL dfq b]vfof] jf s'g} wgdfn klg b]vfPg b]lvPg jf b]vfP b]lvPsf] klg
kmf“6jf/L a08fkq adf]lhdsf] ge} km/s jf 36a9 k/]sf] b]lvof] eg] ;f] gk'u
hlt bflvn gu/] kmf“6jf/L a08fkqdf b]lvP adf]lhd ldn];Ddsf] rn
crnaf6 c+z kfpg]nfO{ rflxPhlt kmf“6jf/L a08fkqdf n]lvP adf]lhdsf]
ljuf] sfod u/fO{ c+z lbg] lhDdf lnO{ /fVg]sf] c+zaf6 egf{ lbg' k5{ . ;f]
lb+bf klg gk'u] gk'u ePsf] hlt ljuf]sf] ;§fdf kmf“6jf/Ldf gn]lvPsf] a9L
b]lvPsf] bflvn gug]{rflx+ c+lzof/sf] xs ef]usf] c? rn crn b]lvP
To;af6 ;d]t gk'u]hlt egf{ ugf{nfO{ rflxg]hlt kmf“6jf/L a08fkqdf
n]lvPhlt rn dfnsf] ;f]xL kmf“6df n]lvP adf]lhdsf] ljuf] sfod u/L /
kmf“6jf/L a08fkqdf gn]lvPsf] c? rn crn hltsf] k~rs[lt df]n u/L egf{
lbg' k5{ . ;f] lb+bf klg k'Ug gcfP cfÇgf lhDdf /x]sf] bflvn ug'{ kg]{ ;a}
bflvn gu/] k"/f bflvn gu/] jfkt tn !^ bkmf adf]lhd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ – –!#
c+z a08f 5'6\ofpgfnfO{ c+z lbg] xflh/ g/x] km]nf gk/]sf] sf/0fn] c8\8a} f6
c+z 5'6\ofO{ e/fO{ lb+bf af“sL /x]sf] c+z lbg] lhDdf lnO{ /fVg]sf efusf] /
c+z kfpg]sf] b/vf:t gkb}{ c+z lbO{ km";{t u/fO{ kfp“ egL c+z lbg] rflx+sf]
b/vf:t k/L 5'6\ofO{ lbPsf] c+z e/L kfpg] rflx+sf efusf] ;d]t kfpg]n]
a'lemlng gcfp“bf /x]sf] wgdfn c+z kfpg]x?n] jf To;sf Psf3/sf pd]/
k'u]sf hfgsf/ hxfgn] klg a'lemlnPg eg] ;8L unL hfg] dfn / bzf}+b
lazf}+b nfUg]df To;nfO{ vfd];Ddsf] rn crn P]g adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{
lnnfd u/L bzf}+b lazf}+b s§f u/L lnO{ af“sL /x]sf] gub / c? af“sL /x]sf]

(85)
rn crn tfobft u/L lng cfPsf avt a'emfO{ lbg] u/L wgdfn / Ps k|lt
tfobftL lng cfpg]sf xsbf/ jf dfyj/ dflg;sf] lhDdf nufO{ lng
gcfPsf]n] kmnfgfsf lhDdf nufO{ lbPsf]5 tfobftL adf]lhd a'lemlng' kl5
ph"/ ug{ kfpg] 5}gf} egL a'emL lng' kg]{sf] 3/df Dofb k"hL{ 6f“;L lbg' k5{ – – !$
c8\8faf6 P]g adf]lhd u/L a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbPsf] a'emL lng' k5{ . lrQ a'em]g
egL 5'6\ofO{ lbPsf] a'emL glnO{ lwªGofO{ ul//xg' x'“b}g . lrQ ga'em] olt
s'/fdf lrQ a'em]g ph"/ u/L OG;fkm dfUg]5' egL lrQ ga'em]sf] hlt s'/f
e/kfO{df n]vL c8\8faf6 5'6\ofO{ lbPsf] hlt a'emL lnO{ lrQ ga'em]sf] hlt
s'/fdf P]gsf Dofbleq ph"/ u/L OG;fkm u/fO{ dfUg' k5{ . a'emL glng]nfO{
a'emL glnP hlt ljuf]sf] rn dfnsf] ;os8f kf“r crnsf] ;os8f Ps
hl/afgf u/L a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ . hl/afgf ubf{ klg a'emL glnP a'lem glnPsf]
hlt lng cfPsf avt a'emfO{ lbg] u/L dfly !$ bkmf adf]lhd lhDdf nufO{
lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !%
c+z a08f ug'{ kg]{ rn crn cfÇgf lhDdf lnO{ /fVg]n] cfkm"n] n]lvlbPsf]
kmf“6jf/L adf]lhdsf] lbg' kg]{ rn crn b}jL k/L k|df0f k'¥ofPsf] cj:yfdf
afx]s ;a} b]vfO{ 5'6\ofO{ glbP gb]vfPsf] / b]vfP;Ddsf] rn crnaf6 klg
c+z kfpg]nfO{ gk'uL af“sL /xg cfP xflh/ km]nf k/]sfnfO{ bflvn ug{ Nofp
egL y'Gg' k5{ . kGw| lbg;Dd y'Gbf klg bflvn gu/] a]OdfgL u/]sf] 7x5{ .
xflh/ /x]sf] jf xflh/ g/x]sfnfO{ ;d]t cfkm"n] n]lvlbPsf] kmf“6jf/L
adf]lhdsf] ;a} dfn bflvn gu/] jfkt gk'u hlt ljuf]sf] ;os8f bz
hl/afgf u/L ;f] hl/afgf jfkt s}b ul/lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – !^
c+z a08f 5'6\ofO{ lb+bf c+z kfpg]nfO{ gk'u x'g cfPsf] rn crn n'sfO{
bjfO{ /fv]sf] hlt a08f 5'6\ofO{ kfPsf ldltn] ;f] a08f kfpg] jf lgh d/]df
lghsf xsbf/n] b'O{ jif{leq vf]hL kQf nufO{ ph"/ u¥of] eg] a'emL n'sfO{
bjfO{ /fv]sf] 7x¥of] / egf{ ug{ af“sL g} /x]5 eg] kmf“6jf/Ldf n]lvPsf] bflvn
gu/L n'sfO{ bjfO{ /fv] jfkt bjfpg]nfO{ bjfPsf ljuf]sf] ;os8f kf“r /
bjfO{ n'sfpg NofPsf] egL hfgL hfgL n'sfO{ /fVg]nfO{ ;os8f kf“rsf b/n]
hl/afgf u/L bjfO{ /fv]sf] 7x/] hlt kQf nufO{ Nofpg]nfO{ bzf}+b lnO{ e/fO{
lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !&
jfbLn] c+z kfpg] 7x/L clGtd km};nf ePsf] d'2fdf cGo k|ltjfbL c+lzof/x?n]

klg cfÇgf] c+z 5'6\ofO{ lng b/vf:t lbPdf sfg"g adf]lhd nfUg] sf]6{ kmL
lnO{ km};nfaf6 7x/] adf]lhdsf] ;DklQaf6 c+z 5'6\ofO{ lbnfO{ lbg' k5{ – – – !*
$& g+= .. .. km};nf adf]lhd u/fO{ dfUg]n] jf ul/lbg]n] km};nf nut
adf]lhd u/fO{ dfUg jf u/L lbgsf lgldQ sf/afxL ug{ u/fpgfnfO{ jfl/; /fv]
P]gn] jfl/; lbg x'g] dflg;nfO{ jfl/; lbg kfp“5 . To:tf] jfl/; lb+bf w/f}6
nfUb}g . e/fO{ lbnfO{ 5'6\ofO{ lbg' kg]{ cfkm" xflh/ eO{ lng gcfO{ OR5fkq lbO{
kmnfgfnfO{ k7fOlbPsf]5' To; x:t] lbg' egL P]g adf]lhd ;xL5fk u/L n]vL
k7fOlbg' k5{ . ;f] OR5fkq lnO{ cfpg]af6 bzf}+b lazf}+b ;d]t hf] lng' kg]{ lnO{

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
yk .

(86)
OR5fkq lvrL e/kfO{ u/fO{ lbg' kg]{ hlt lhDdf nufO{ lbg' k5{ . rng rnfO{
lbg' kg]{df OR5fkq gePklg jfl/;åf/f rng rnfO{ lbg lng x'G5 . n]lvP
adf]lhd OR5fkq lnO{ cfPsfnfO{ lbPsf]df kl5 ph"/ nfUg ;St}g . jfl/;
k7fp“bf d]/f] ;§fdf P]gn] jfl/; lbg x'g] kmnfgfnfO{ clVtof/ u/L k7fPsf]5'
jfl/;n] sf/afxL u/]sf]df d]/f] d~h'/ 5 km};nf adf]lhd u/fO{ lbg' kg]{ avt d
cfkm} xflh/ e} lng cfp“nf jf OR5fkq u/L lng k7fp“nf jf e/fO{ b]vfO{ 5'6\ofO{
lbg' kg]{ klg jfl/;åf/f b]vfO{ 5'6\ofO{ a'emfO{ lbp“nf ;f] km};nf u/fO{ dfUbf lb+bf
bzf}+b lazf}+b ;hfo ;d]t hf] nfu]sf] d} a'emfpg]5' OR5kqjfnfnfO{ lbPsf]df
ph"/ ug]{ 5}g eGg] Joxf]/fsf] jfl/; lbg] rflx+sf] cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf]
^% gDa/sf] b]xfo bkmf # sf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ clVtof/gfdf / ;f] jfl/; x'g]sf]
kmnfgfsf] jfl/; d eP“ tfl/vdf /xL hf] ug'{ kg]{ sfd sf/afxL u?“nf eGg]
Joxf]/fsf] jfl/;gfdf bflvn u/]s} lbg cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf] ^%
gDa/sf] b]xfosf] bkmf # sf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ ;sf/gfdf n]vfO{ lnO{ emul8ofsf]
u/fpg' kg]{ sfuh jfl/;sf] u/fO{ P]g km};nf adf]lhd hf] ug'{ kg]{ sf/afxL u/L
tfd]n ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ .
 $* g+= .. .. km};nf adf]lhd c8\8faf6 ug'{ kg]{ sfd ug{ u/fpgnfO{
b/vf:t lbO{ tfl/vdf a;]sf] dflg;n] tfl/v u'hf/] klg sf/afxL l8;ld; ug{
x'“b}g . km};nf adf]lhd u/fO{ dfUg]n] cj:yfg';f/ cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] %(, ^@ jf
!&% gDa/ adf]lhd ;sf/ ug{ jf ydfpg kfp“5g\ . ;f] adf]lhd ydfpg] jf
;sf/ ug]{ Dofb gf3] kl5 klg ;f] Dofb gf3]sf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq /Ltk"j{ssf]
b/vf:t lbO{ sf/afxL rnfO{ dfUg cfPdf sfg"g adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ / To;sf]
;os8f bz hl/afgf c;"n u/L sf/afxL ug'{ k5{ . ;f] Dofbleq klg b/vf:t
lbg gcfPdf To:tf] JolQmsf] z'? b/vf:t tfd]nLdf /flvg]5 .
$( g+= .. .. c8\8faf6 efvf u/fO{ lbPsf], sfuhkq lbnfO{ lbPsf
jf c;fdL a08f ul/lbPsf]df bzf}+b lazf}+b nfUb}g . o;} dxnsf] $* gDa/sf]
cj:yfdf afx]s ljuf] ge/fO{ bzf}+b lazf}+bdf kqmfp x'g ;St}g . e/fO{
lbO;s]kl5 e/fOlbPhltsf];Dd e/fO{ kfpg];“u bzf}+b / hl/afgf gnfu]sf]df
hl/afgf gnfu] hltsf] e/fO{ lbg] rflx+af6 lazf}+b lnO{ e/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
%) g+= .. .. s;}n] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] rn crn ;DklQ rf]/L 9f“6L
bafO{ 5kfO{ vfP v'jfPsf] hfx]/ u/L ;flat u/fO{ lbPdf To:tf] ;flat u/fO{ lbg]
hfx]/jfnfnfO{ cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s hUuf jf tfn'sbf/L gkfpg] eP
;fna;fnL nutd} c;"n x'g] afx]s c? c;"n ePsf] ljuf]sf] ;os8f kRrL; /
n]lvP afx]s c?df ;os8f bzsf lx;fan] sldzg lbg' k5{ . hUuf jf tfn'sL
kfpg]df eP sldzg lbg' kb}{g .
%! g+= .. .. ˚};nfn] l˚tf{ kfpg] ePsf] b08, w/f}6L, /f]Ssf /x]sf]
;j{:j hfohft, s'g} ;DklQ jf ;f] lnnfd laqmL e}/x]sf] gub l˚tf{ lng ˚};nf

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(87)
clGtd ePsf] yfxf ePsf] Ps jif{leq To:tf] l˚tf{ kfpg ;Sg] JolQm cfPg eg]
l˚tf{ kfp“b}g . w/f}6L /x]sf] /sd eP To:tf] /sd ;/sf/L cfDbfgL af“Wg' k5{ .
%@ g+= .. .. km};nf adf]lhdsf] e/L kfpg] ljuf] lbnfO{ e/fO{ kfp“
eGg] b/vf:t k/]df 3/;f/df lbPsf] 5' eGg] lhls/ k'Ug ;St}g . c8\8faf6 P]g
km};nf adf]lhd lbnfO{ e/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
%#= g+= .. .. ;/sf/L ljuf] hl/afgf ;d]t s'g} ;/sf/L /sd afkt
s}b 7]Sg' kbf{ Ps lbgsf] kRrL; ?k}of“sf] b/n] s}b 7]Sg' k5{ .
%#s g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] %# gDa/df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg sfg"gn] cj:yf x]/L 36L jf a9L ;hfo ug]{ thljhL clwsf/ lbPsf]df
˚};nfaf6 hl/afgfsf] ;hfo x'g] ePdf ;f] hl/afgf glt/]df ;f] afkt slt s}b
a:g' kg]{ xf] eGg] s'/f klg ;f]xL ˚};nfdf tf]Sg' k5{ . t/ o:tf] s}b tf]Sbf o;}
dxnsf] %# gDa/ adf]lhd ?k}of“nfO{ s}bdf kl/0ft ubf{ x'g] cjlw jf o;}
dxnsf] #* gDa/ adf]lhd x'g ;Sg] s}b eGbf a9L x'g] u/L tf]Sg x'“b}g .
%#v= g+= .. .. km};nf adf]lhd s}bsf] nut sl;Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp
u/L bflvn ug{ Nofp“bf nfUg] ;jf/L vr{ tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] l;wf
vr{ ;d]t lghnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
%$ g+= .. .. P]gn] hfohftaf6 pk/ gePsf] af“sL ljuf]df s}b
u/fpg kfpg]df s}b u/fO{ ;s]kl5 af“sL gk'u ?k}of“ hDd} glt/L wgLsf] d~h'/L
a]u/ s}b e'Qmfg gx'“b} aLrdf 5'6\g ;St}g . af“sL gk'u hDd} a'emfp“5' eg] e'Qmfg
u/]sfhlt s}bsf] ?k}of“ P]g adf]lhd ldgfxf lbO{ af“sL ?k}of“ wgLnfO{  === ===
e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . s}b u/fO{ ;s]kl5 s}b u/fP tfklg ca e/fO{ dflUbg 5fl8lbg'
egL wgLn] eGof] eg] wgLsf] d~h'/Lsf] sfuh u/fO{ lnO{ s}b ePsfnfO{ 5fl8lbg'
k5{ . kl5 kqmg / s}b u/fpg kfp“b}g . af“sL l;wf vr{ lkmtf{ x'g ;St}g .
%% g+= .. .. … … …
%^ g+= .. .. … … …
%& g+= .. .. … … …
%* g+= .. .. … … …
%( g+= .. .. … … …
^) g+= .. .. o; dxn adf]lhd ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o
jf k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df jf To:tf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglwsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ ug'{ u/fpg'
kg]{ s'g} sfd sf/afxL ug]{ u/fpg] l;nl;nfdf To:tf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglwnfO{
pkl:yt u/fO{lbg ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf lnlvt ;"rgf lb+bf klg
;f] sfd sf/afxLsf] nflu To:tf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePdf jf
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f yk .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
 b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%% åf/f vf/]h .
 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfnL P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(88)
ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsf e· eO{ jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] sfod g/x]sf] cj:yfdf
klg ;f] sfd sf/afxL ug{ u/fpg ;lsg]5 / c? s'/fsf] /Lt k'u]sf] eP To:tf]
;b:o jf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:ylt jf ;xL5fk gePsf] eGg] cfwf/df dfq ;f] sfd
sf/afxL jb/ x'g] 5}g .
^! g+= .. .. km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf txl;nbf/ sd{rf/Ln]
u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLdf lrQ ga'‰g] ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] ;f]xL c8\8fsf xflsd
5]p kGw| lbgleq ph"/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . lghn] u/]sf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'em] cbfntL
aGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf] !& gDa/ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fdf lgj]bg lbg
;Sg]5 . To:tf] ph"/ k/]df ph"/ ;'Gg]n] ph"/ k/]sf] ldltn] b'O{ dlxgfleq
sf/afxL lsgf/f ul/lbg' kg]{5 .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(89)
 efu #
dxn !
sfuh hf“rsf]
! g+= .. .. b'lgof“x?;“usf] / c8\8f c8\8fsf] u}x| sfuhkqdf aGb
uf“l;Psf]df ;f] sfuhsf] k5fl8 k|To]s aGbsf] hf]gL{ hf]gL{df / kfgf /fv]sf]df
k|To]s kfgfsf] lz/ k'5f/df c8\8fsf] eP h'g c8\8fsf] xf] To;} c8\8fsf]
xflsdsf] ;d]t jf 5fk gePsf c8\8fsf] eP xflsdsf] dfq 5fk nufpg' jf
b:tvt ug'{ k5{ . ˚};nf ;fws k|ltj]bg tf]s hf“Rg' lgsf;f lbg' kbf{ ;f]
sfuhsf] aGbsf] hf]gL{ hf]gL{ jf k|To]s kfgfsf] lz/ k'5f/df hf“Rg] lgsf;f lbg]
c8\8fn] klg c8\8fsf] 5fk / xflsdsf] 5fk nufpg' k5{ jf b:tvt ug'{ u/fpg'
k5{ . b'lgof“bf/sf] c8\8fdf k/] ePsf] / 3/fo;sf] sfuhkqsf] aGbsf] hf]gL{ jf
kfgfdf eg] ;f] sfuhdf ;xL5fk ug]{ d'Vo sf/0fLsf] / c8\8fdf u/] ePsf]df
;f]xL c8\8fsf] / xflsdsf] ;d]t 5fk nufpg' jf b:tvt ug'{ k5{ . :ofxf
axLvftf lstfax?df eg] Ps kfgfeGbf a9\tf kfgfdf Ps} sndsf] lx;fa jf
Joxf]/f n]lvg uPdf h'g h'g kfgfdf ;f] n]lvg uPsf] 5 p;} p;} kfgfdf p;}
sndsf cflv/sf] k+lQmsf] k'5f/df c? c° cIf/ n]Vg gx'g] u/L ;f] snddf
;xL5fk ug]{s} / c8\8fsf] eP kfg} lkR5] ;f]xL c8\8fsf xflsd / tx/L/sf] ;d]t
5fk nufpg jf b:tvt ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ . 3/;f/sf] sfuhdf n]lvP adf]lhd
/Lt gk'u]sf] eP ;f] sfuh ug]{ u/fpg] d'Vo sf/0fLnfO{ hgxL aL; ?k}of“; Dd
hl/afgf u/L ;f] sfuhaf6 gfln; ;'gL OG;f˚ ul/lbg' k5{ .
@ g+= .. .. ldgfxf df]h/f jf lng] lbg] s'/fsf] lgsf;f ln+bflb+bf b/
b]lvg]df b/, hDdf b]lvg]df hDdf / b/ hDdf b'j} b]lvg]df b'j} vf]nL c°nfO{
cIf/n] ;d]t af]nfO{ n]Vg' n]vfpg' k5{ . hDdfdf c° cIf/ gn]lvP lnP lbPsf]
lgsf;f ;b/ x'“b}g . csf]{ lgsf;f u/fO{ lng' lbg' k5{ .
# g+= .. .. c8\8faf6 n]vfO{ lng] lbg] u}x| sfuhdf gfp“, y/ /
lhNnf, Onfsf, k|uGgf, df}]hf, ufp“, zx/ 6f]n :ki6 v'n]sf] jtg ;d]t n]vfO{
lng' lbg' k5{ . c8\8faf6 td;'s, k§f, sa'lnot / wg hdfgLkq u/fpg' kbf{
eg] tLg k':t] klg v'nfpg' k5{ .
$ g+= .. .. b'lgof“bf/sf] / c8\8f c8\8fsf] u}x| sfuhkqdf el/;So
gla/fO{ n]Vg' n]vfpg' k5{ . lal/g u} ;Rofpg k/]df c° cIf/ v's{g x'“b}g .
k|df0fLs/0f x'g] sfuh afx]s c?df lal/Phlt kl9g] u/L dl;gf] 8f]/f]n] s]/L

yKg k/]df lg:;f /fvL To;sf] dfly h] n]Vg' kg]{ n]vL ;f] s]/d]6df / yk]df ;d]t
c? c° cIf/ yKg gx'g] u/L bfof“ afof“df ;f] sfuhdf ;xL ug]{ d'Vo sf/0fLsf] /
c8\8fdf u/] ePsf]df ;f]xL c8\8fsf xflsdsf] ;d]t / c8\8fsf] sfuh eP
xflsdsf] dfq / :ofxf axLvftf lstfadf eP h'g snddf h;sf] ;xL5fk kg]{
xf] p;}sf] ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ . yKg] 7fp“ ePg jf yKbf e|flGt x'g] eof] jf w]/}
7fp“df s]g'{ d]6\g' yKg' kg]{ eof] eg] aGb ˚]/L n]Vg' k5{ . n]lvP adf]lhd /Lt

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(90)
gk'u]sf] s]/] d]6] ylkPsf] / c° cIf/ v's]{sf] hlt ;b/ x'“b}g . k|df0fLs/0f x'g]
sfuh n]Vbf eg] s]g'{ d]6\g' yKg' v's{g' ;d]t x'“b}g .
% g+= .. .. n]gb]g sf/f]af/ nufot 3/fo;df ePsf] /
c8\8fvfgfdf eP u/]sf] ;d]t sfuhx?df ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{ sf/0fLsf] / ;fIfL
;d]t u}x|sf] ;xL5fk ubf{ u/fp“bf n]Vg hfGg]n] cfgf x:tfIf/n] ;xL cfgf] gfp“
y/ jtg bhf{ eP bhf{ ;d]t k|i6 a'‰g] k9\g ;Sg] u/L k"/f n]vL n]vfO{ / cIf/
ghfGg]sf] / n]Vg hfGg]sf] klg o;} dxnsf] * gDa/n] NofKr] ;xL5fk ug'{
u/fpg' kg]{ sfuhdf NofKr] ;xL5fk ubf{ u/fp“bf o;} dxnsf] ^ / & gDa/
adf]lhd ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ . c8\8fvfgfdf eP u/]sf] sfuhdf eP x:tfIf/sf] jf
NofKr] ;xL gu/L cfÇgf] k"/f gfd ls6]sf] 5fk dfq nufP klg x'G5 . /}tLl;t
lt/f] a'‰g g]kfn ;/sf/af6 d's// ePsf] JolQmn] lt/f] a'emL lbg] /l;bdf cfÇgf]
gfdsf] 5fk dfq nufP klg x'G5 . dfly n]lvP adf]lhd /Lt gk'u]sf] sfuhaf6
b]xfodf n]lvP afx]s gfln; nfUg ;St}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
dfly n]lvP adf]lhd ;xL5fk ubf{ u/fp“bf gfp“, y/, jtg / bhf{ eP bhf{ n]Vg'
kg]{df bhf{, y/, jtg dWo] s'g} jf ;a} s'/f 5'6fPsf] eP ;f] 5'6fO{ ;xL5fk
ug]{nfO{ aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf u/L ;f] sfuhaf6 gfln; ;'gL OG;f˚ ul/lbg'
k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
;xL5fk} gk/]sf] ePklg ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{ d'Vo sf/0fLn] cfÇgf x:tfIf/n] n]v]sf]
lnvt eP h'g;'s} ldltsf] ePklg ;f] sfuhaf6 gfln; ;'gL OG;f˚ ul/lbg' k5{–@
^ g+= .. .. NofKr] ;xL5fk ubf{ u/fp“bf bflxg] xftsf] a"9L cf}+nf
geP jf z+v rqmsf] /]vf k|i6 gb]lvP afof“ xftsf] a"9L cf}+nfsf], b'j} xftsf] a"9L
cf}+nf geP jf /]vf k|i6 gb]lvP bfof“ afof“sf c? h'g cf}+nfsf] /]vf k|i6 b]lvPsf]
5 To; cf+}nfsf] / b'j} xftsf a"9L cf}+nfsf] ;xL5fk ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{df Ps xftsf
a"9L cf}+nf geP jf /]vf k|i6 gb]lvP /]vf k|i6 b]lvPsf a"9L cf}+nfsf] / a"9L cf}+nf
gePsf rflx+ xftsf] /]vf k|i6 b]lvPsf c? cf}+nfsf], b'j} xftsf a"9L cf}+nf geP
jf /]vf k|i6 gb]lvP /]vf k|i6 b]lvPsf b'j} xftsf c? Ps Ps cf}+nfsf], Ps
xftdf s'g} cf}+nf geP jf /]vf k|i6 gb]lvg] eP Ps} xftsf] ePklg b'O{ cf}+nfsf]
;xL5fk u/fO{ o; sf/0fn] o; xftsf] of] cf}+nfsf] ;xL5fk ePsf] xf] egL Joxf]/f
hgfO{ /fVg] ug'{ k5{ .
& g+= .. .. b'j} xftsf s'g} cf}+nf geP jf z+v rqmsf] /]vf k|i6
gb]lvPdf To;sf Psf3/sf hxfgdf d'Vosf] / To:tf geP ck'tfnL vfg]
xsbf/sf] / To:tf klg geP x]/ljrf/ u/L cfO/x]sf ;+/Ifssf] d]/f] /f]xj/df
o;n] eg] d~h'/ u/] adf]lhd n]lvPsf] 7Ls 5 o;f] e} s'g} cf}+nf geP jf /]vf
k|i6 gb]lv+bf ;xL5fk gk/]sf] xf] eGg] lz/df s}l˚ot n]vL ;xL5fk ug]{ u/fpg]
ug'{ k5{ . Psf3/sf hxfg jf ck'tfnL vfg] xsbf/ jf ;+/Ifs /f]xj/df gePsf
avt c8\8faf6 sfuh u/fpg' k/]df sfuh ePsf avt /f]xj/df ePsf
enfb\dLsf] / c8\8fsf xflsdsf] ;d]t n]lvP adf]lhd s}l˚ot n]vL ;xL5fk ug]{

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(91)
u/fpg] ug'{ k5{ . n]lvP adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'uL sfuh ePsf] /x]5 eg] sf/0fLsf]
;xL5fk gk/]sf] ePklg ;xL5fk k/]sf] ;/x ;DemL P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
* g+= .. .. b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfuh ubf{ u/fp“bf o;} dxnsf] % / ^
gDa/ adf]lhd b'j} xftsf a"9L cf}+nfsf] NofKr] / n]Vg hfGg]sf] x:tfIf/sf] ;d]t
;xL5fk ;d]t ug]{ u/fpg] ug'{ k5{ . n]Vg hfGg]n] /Ltk"j{s x:tfIf/sf] ;xL5fk
dfq u/L NofKr] ;xL5fk gu/]sf] jf u/]sf]df k|i6 gb]lvg] u/L u/]sf] jf n]Vg
hfGg]n] x:tfIf/sf] ;xL5fk gu/L NofKr] ;xL5fk dfq u/]sf]df dflg; sfuh
;d]t ljrf/ u/L aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf u/L ;f] sfuhaf6 gfln; ;'gL OG;f˚
u/L lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
xs bfjL 5f]8L lnP lbPsf] bfg as;kq, a08fkq, ;§fk§f, wd{k'q, /fhLgfdf
OToflb sfuhkq – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
xs g5f]8L ef]u, b[li6aGws n]vL lbPsf] / shf{ n]gb]g u/]sf] sfuhkq – – – !
shf{ lbPsf] a'emL td;'s sfuhsf] kL7df b/kL7 gu/L 5'§} ul/lbPsf] e/kfO{ – !
gf;f] w/f}6 lnP lbPsf] sfuh / ;f] l˚tf{ a'emL lnPsf] e/kfO{ – – – – – – – !
efvfkq, hdfgLkq, sa'lnot – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
clVtof/gfdf jf OR5fkq – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
 *s=g+= .. .. sfg"g adf]lhd ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf g]kfn ========= l:yt
ljb]zL /fhb"tfjf; t˚{af6 clwsf/ k|fKt JolQmn] lnvt ubf{ tLgk':t] / NofKr]
;xL5fk ug'{ cfjZos x'g] 5}g .
( g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] * gDa/df n]lvPsf sfuhx?df k'5f/df
ldlt 6'l·Psf] 7fp“df klg ;f]xL gDa/df n]lvP adf]lhd sf/0fLsf] ;xL5fk ug'{
u/fpg' k5{ . ;f] gu/fPsf] eP aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf u/L ;f] sfuhaf6 gfln;
;'gL OG;f˚ x'g ;St5 .
!) g+= .. .. ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] ;/sf/L sfddf sfg"gn] b:tvt ug'{
kg]{ sfuhdf b:tvt ubf{ of] bhf{sf] of] dflg;sf] b:tvt /x]5 egL cIf/ hfGg]
hf];'s}n] klg k|i6 a'‰g] u/L b]jgfu/L cIf/af6 ;f]] sfuhsf] lz/ jf k'5f/ s'g}
Ps 7fp“df k"/f gfdsf] b:tvt u/L ;f] afx]s c? 7fp“df 5f]6s/L gfdsf] b:tvt
u/]klg x'G5 .
!! g+= .. .. c8\8fdf / 3/fo;df x'g] ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{ h'g;'s}
sfuh n]Vbf / ;xL5fk ubf{ u/fp“bf gp8\g] kSsf d;Laf6 ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ .
!@ g+= .. .. cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s b]xfodf n]lvPsf
sfuhkqdf b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd /Lt k'¥ofpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – –
c8\8fsf] ;f]wgLsf] afx]s c? u}x| n]vf]6 k"hL{df sfdsfh ˚f“6 af“l8Psf
c8\8fsf] eP ;f] ˚f“6df 7]lsPsf d'Vo sfl/Gbf / xflsd, cl;i6]06 jf

 kf“rf}+ ;+zf]wg€f/f yk .
 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

(92)
tx/L/df Pshgfsf] / 7]lsPsf d'Vo sfl/Gbf gePsf avtdf eP xflsd,
cl;i6]06 jf tx/L/sf] dfq lsgf/fdf 5fk / c8\8fsf] 5fk nfpg'k5{ . ˚f“6
gaf“8L uf]Zjf/f sfd rnL cfPsf] c8\8fsf]df xflsd, cl;i6]06 jf tx/L/sf]
k'5/] 5fk / c8\8fsf] 5fk nufpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
;f]wgL;Ddsf] n]vf]6 k"hL{df eg] xflsd cl;i6]06 jf tx/L/df Pshgfsf]
k'5/] 5fk / c8\8fsf] 5fk nufpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –@
gubL lhG;Lsf /l;b e/kfO{df txjLnbf/ ePsf c8\8fdf eP txjLnbf/sf] /
xflsd / cl;i6]06 jf tx/L/sf] ;d]t / txjLnbf/ gePsf c8\8fdf eP
xflsd / cl;i6]06 jf tx/L/sf] dfq k'5/] 5fk nufO{ c8\8fsf] 5fk nufpg'
k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –#
c8\8f c8\8faf6 jf emul8of /sdLn] a'emfpg NofPsf] sfuhsf] /l;b
e/kfO{df a'‰g] sfl/Gbfsf] k'5/] ;xL / cl;i6]06 jf tx/L/sf] ;xL5fk /
c8\8fsf] 5fk nufpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –$
c8\8f c8\8fdf /x]sf] sfuhkqsf] gSsn lbg' k/]df ;Ssn adf]lhd gSsn
b'?:t 5 eGg] n]vL ?h' ug]{ sfl/Gbfsf] lgzfgf / xflsd, cl;i6]06 jf
tx/L/sf] ;xL5fk / c8\8fsf] 5fk nufpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – –%
u}x| sfuhkqx?sf] c8\8fdf gSsn /fVg' kbf{ ;f] gSsndf ;Ssn adf]lhd
gSsn b'?:t 5 eGg] n]vL xflsd, cl;i6]06 jf tx/L/sf] / ;f] sfuh gSsn
;fg]{ sfl/Gbfn] ;xL5fk u/L /fVg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ^
cl;i6]06 tx/L/sf] ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{df cl;i6]06 jf tx/L/} gePsf c8\8fdf
eP xflsdb]lv d'lgsf d'Vo sfl/Gbfsf] ;xL5fk ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – &
!# g+= .. .. Pp6fsf gfp“df cfb]z k"hL{ u/L lb+bf ;f] cfb]z k"hL{af6
c?nfO{ ;d]t cfb]z k"hL{ ul/lbg' kg]{ eP c? h; h;nfO{ h'g Joxf]/fsf] ul/lbg'
kg]{ xf] ;f] ;d]t ul/lbg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd gu/]sfn] ;/sf/L gf]S;fgL jf sfd
xhf{ ePsf] eP ;f] gug]{ JolQmn] ;f] s'/fsf] hjf˚b]xL ug'{ k5{ .
!$ g+= .. .. sfg"gn] ;fIfL /fvL ug'{ kg]{ sfuhkq / c8\8}af6 u/fO{
lnPsf] crn ;DaGwL lnvt afx]s c8\8fsf] / c8\8fdf u/] ePsf u}x|
sfuhftdf / 3/fo;df lr6\7L, k"hL{, /l;b, e/kfO{, x'08L, k§f, axL, vftf,
dxfhgL sf/f]jf/sf] bf]x/L n]Vbf n]vfp“bf / td;'sdf b/kL7 ubf{ ;fIfL g/fvL
ug{ u/fpg n]Vg n]vfpg klg x'G5 . n]lvP afx]s c? sfuhkqx? / sfg"gn]
;fIfL /fvL ug'{ kg]{ sfuhx? ubf{ u/fp“bf / c8\8}af6 u/fO{ lng] crn ;DklQ
;DaGwL lnvt u/fO{ ln+bf ;f] sfuhdf ;fIfLsf] gfp“ n]vL n]vfO{ ;fIfLsf] ;d]t
;xL5fk ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd ;fIfL /fVg' kg]{ sfuhdf ;fIfL g/fv]sf]df
jf /fv]sf] ;fIfLsf] ;xL5fk gu/fPsf] ePklg o;} dxnsf % gDa/n] gfln; ph"/
nfUg ;Sg] sfuh /x]5 eg] ;fIfL g/fv] afkt jf /fv]sf ;fIfLsf] ;xL5fk gu/fP
afktsf] ;f] sfuh ug]{ u/fpg] d'Vo sf/0fLnfO{ hgxL aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf
u/L ;f] sfuhaf6 gfln; ;'gL OG;f˚ ul/lbg' k5{ .

(93)
 !% g+= .. .. ;/sfl/of u}x| sfuhkqx? xfn ;fljs x'“bf tfobftL
v8f u/L xfnjfnfnfO{ a'emfpg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd ga'emfO{ xflsd sfl/Gbf nufot
s;}n] klg 3/df nuL /fVg x'“b}g .
!^ g+= .. .. 3/fo;df h'g;'s} sfuh ubf{ u/fp“bf klg ;f] sfuhdf
Joxf]/f n]lv;s]kl5 ldlt n]Vg' eGbf cufl8 sfuh h'g 7fp“df ePsf] xf] ;f] 7fp“
/ ;f] 7fp“sf] lhNnf k|uGgf df}hf ufp“, zx/, 6f]n ;d]t n]Vg' k5{ . gn]v]sf]
sfuh u/fpg]nfO{ aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf u/L ;f] sfuh k|df0fdf Nofpg' k5{ .
!& g+= .. .. cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf] @!! gDa/ adf]lhd gSsn
kfpg] afx]s c? c8\8fdf /x]sf] ;/sf/L sfuhx?sf] gSsn dfUg cfPdf b]xfo
adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
;/f]sf/ k/]sf sfuhsf] hf];'s}n] klg gSsn lng kfp“5 – – – – – – – – – – !
olt b:t'/ lnO{ o; lx;fa;“u gSsn lbg' egL ls6L sfg"g e}/x]sf]df ;f]xL
adf]lhd u/L / n]lvP afx]s c? gSsn kfpg ;Sg] sfuhftsf] gSsn dfUg
cfPdf of] sfuhsf] gSsn o; sf/0fn] dnfO{ ;/f]sf/ k/]sf]5 cfÇg} t˚{af6
;f/L nfg jf c8\8}af6 ;f/L kfp“ egL sfuh ePsf c8\8fdf cfO{ b/vf:t
lbg' k5{ . To:tf] b/vf:t k/]sf ldltn] tLg lbgleq tn # b˚f adf]lhd u/L
gSsn ;fg'{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
gSsn ;fg{ lb+bf gSsn ;fg{nfO{ lbPsf sfuhx?df yk36 s]/d]6 ;d]t s]xL
s}l˚ot ug{ gkfpg] u/L c8\8fleq /fvL gSsn ;fg{ lbO{ gSsn ;f/L
;s]kl5 ?h' u/L sfg"g adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ o;n] cfg} t˚{af6 jf
c8\8faf6 ;/fO{ nu]sf] eGg] ;d]t n]Vg' kg]{ s}l˚ot / gSsn lbPsf] ldlt
;d]t hgfO{ tn $ b˚f adf]lhd nfUg] b:t'/ lnO{ ;ft lbg;Dddf gSsn lbg'
k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
gSsn lb+bf k|To]s sfuh jf sfuhsf] c+zsf] Ps k|lt gSsnsf] Ps
?k}of“sf] b/n] b:t'/ lnO{ gSsn ;fg{ lbg' k5{ . c8\8faf6 ;fl/lbPdf ;f]
b:t'/sf] bf]Ja/ b:t'/ lng' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
gSsn lbg] sfuhdf ;Ssn jf gSsn adf]lhd gSsn b'?:t 5 eGg] n]vL
c8\8fsf] / xflsd cl;i6]06 jf tx/L/sf] 5fk nufO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – %
of] gDa/ adf]lhd gSsn lb+bf s'g} ;/sf/L c8\8fdf /x]sf] s'g} ;/sf/L
sfdsf] ;DaGwsf] k|sflzt gePsf] s'g} uf]Ko lnvtsf xsdf ;DalGwt
ljefuLo k|d'vn] Ohfht lbPdf afx]s To:tf] lnvtsf] gSsn lbg s/ nfUb}g – ^
ljefuLo k|d'v jf c8\8f k|d'vn] ;/sf/L c8\8fdf /x]sf] ;/sf/L sfdsfh

;DaGwL ck|sflzt uf]Ko lnvtsf] gSsn lbg jf c8\8fdf k]z ug{ s/ nfUg]
5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – &

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(94)
 dxn @
hdfgL ug]{sf]
! g+= .. .. hdfgL ln+bf hfohftaf6 p7\g] 7x/]sf dfyj/
dflg;nfO{ hdfgL lng' k5{ . ;f] hdfgL n]vL ln+bf lb+bf ˚nfgfsf] ˚nfgf sndsf]
of] olt c°df d hdfgL eP“ egL ljifo c° ;d]t :ki6 vf]nL n]vfO{ lng' k5{ .
Ps snddf Pshgf eGbf a9L dflg; hdfgL ln+bf lb+bf bfdf;fxLn] a'emfpg] u/L
hdfgL lnPsf]df bfdf;fxLn] x'g] c° / 36L a9Ldf lnP ePsf] eP hdfgL lnPsf]
c° k[ys vf]nL n]vfO{ lng' k5{ . To:tf] gvf]nL uf]Zjf/f hdfgL a;]sf]df eg]
36L a9L ePklg af“sL pk/ geP;Dd ;a}sf] hfohftaf6 egf{ ug'{ k5{ . hdfgL
ePsf] /sd c;"n e};s]kl5 jf hdfgL lbg]nfO{ gnfUg] e};s]kl5 ;f] hdfgLkq
:jtM ab/ x'g]5 . sfuhkq gu/L d'vn] dfq hdfgL lnPsf] ;b/ x'“b}g .
@ g+= .. .. c8\8faf6 hdfgL lng' kbf{ sfg"g adf]lhd / cfjZos
hf“ra'em u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ gf]S;fg gx'g] u/L lng' k5{ . hfgL hfgL jf
nfk/jfxL u/L sfg"gsf] /Lt gk'¥ofO{ jf cfjZos hf“ra'em gu/L hdfgL lnPaf6
g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ gf]S;fgL ePdf ;f] hdfgL lng] sd{rf/Laf6 ;f] gf]S;fgLsf]
ljuf] c;"n pk/ u/L lnOg]5 . sfg"g adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ hdfgL lnP
/fv]sf]df kl5 b}jL k/L jf c? s'g} sf/0fn] hdfgL x'g] JolQm a]dfyj/ x'g uP jf
hdfgL lnPsf] h]yf ;b/ sfod gx'g] eof] jf a]sfodL jf a];fa"b eof] eg] c;fdL
/ hdfgLaf6 pk/ x'g g;s] hlt ;f] hdfgL lng] sd{rf/Laf6 c;"n ul/g] 5}g .
# g+= .. .. sfg"g adf]lhd hdfgL lbg kfpg] cj:yfdf hdfgL lb+ bf
hdfgL lbg x'g] ˚nfgfnfO{ hdfgL lbg kfp“ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] b/vf:t n]vL hdfgL /
;f] b/vf:t hdfgL lng] c8\8fdf k|:t't ug'{ k5{ / ;f] c8\8fn] klg ;f] hdfgL x'g
cfPsf] JolQm dfyj/ xf] xf]Og sfg"g adf]lhd lghnfO{ hdfgL lng x'g] xf] xf]Og
eGg] s'/fsf] olsg u/L lng x'g] eP lnO{ / lng gx'g] eP o; sf/0fn] of] hdfgL
nfUg ;St}g sfg"g adf]lhd lbg x'g] csf]{ dfyj/ hdfgL NofPdf lnOg]5 eGg]
Joxf]/f b/vf:tsf] kL7df n]vL xflsdsf] ;xL5fk nufO{ l˚tf{ ul/lbg' k5{ .
$ g+= .. .. h]yf hdfgL n]vfO{ lnPsf]df ;f] h]yf hdfgL n]vfO{ lbg]
c8\8fn] ˚nfgfn] of] olt afkt hdfgL n]vfO{ lbPsf] of] olt h]yf eGg] ;a} s'/f
vf]nL ;f] h]yf s;}nfO{ a]rljvg ug{ jf c? s'g} k|sf/n] c?nfO{ lbg gkfpg] u/L
/f]Ssf /fvL lbgsf] nflu /lhi6«]zg ug]{, bflvn vfl/h ug]{, dfnkf]t lt/f] s/
c;"n ug]{ / To; jfkt lnnfd laqmL ug]{ ;d]t c8\8fx?nfO{ /f]Ssf k"hL{ n]vL
k7fpg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd /f]Ssf k"hL{ cfPdf ;f] h]yf hdfgL h'g s'/f afkt
lnPsf] xf] ;f] s'/f k"/f jf c;"n e};s]sf]n] /f]Ssf /x]sf] h]yf ˚'s'jf ul/lbg' eGg]
˚'s'jf k"hL{ e} gcfP;Dd ;f] n]lvPsf] h]yf s;}nfO{ /lhi6«]zg bflvn vfl/h
gfd;f/L x'g g;Sg] u/L /f]Ssf /fvL lbg' k5{ . lt/f] dfnkf]t jf s/ af“sL
/fv]sf]af6 sfg"g adf]lhd ;f] h]yf lnnfd x'g] ePdf lnnfd laqmL gx'“b} h]yf
hdfgL lng] c8\8fnfO{ hgfp k7fO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd hgfp cfpgf;fy h]yf
hdfgL lng] c8\8fn] klg csf]{ h]yf hdfgL n]vfO{ lng' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd csf]{
h]yf hdfgL glbPdf lnnfd laqmLaf6 cfPsf] dWo] lt/f] dfnkf]t jf s/ afktsf]
af“sL c;"n u/L a9L eP ;f] a9L eP hlt h]yf hdfgL jfkt /f]Ssf /fVg' k5{

(95)
gk'u] gk'u hltdf sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . h]yf hdfgL n]vL lbPsf]df ;f] n]vL
lbg] dflg; d/]klg af“sL 7x/]hlt ;f] h]yfaf6 pk/ u/L lng' k5{ .
% g+= .. .. xflh/ hdfgL lnO{ 5f]8]sf] dflg; efUof] eg] lghnfO{
nfUg] ;hfo, ljuf], bzf}+b lazf}+b OToflb sfg"g adf]lhd hdfgL x'g]af6 c;"n
pk/ u/L lng' k5{ . ;f] efu]sf] c;fdL klqmof] eg] hdfgLaf6 c;"n pk/ ePhlt
;f] hdfgLnfO{ l˚tf{ lbO{ c;fdLnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
^ g+= .. .. wg hdfgL ePsf] cj:yfdf c;fdLn] ltg{ ;s]g eg] wg
hdfgL x'g]sf] hfoh]yf /f]Ssf u/L klxn] c;fdLsf] hfohft u/L gk'u]sf]df
hdfgLsf] hfohftaf6 egf{ u/fpg' k5{ . b'a}sf] hfohftaf6 k'u]g eg] hdfgLsf]
k]6df ;f] af“sL /x]g5 eg] af“sL lng' kg]{ hltdf c;fdLnfO{ g} sfg"g adf]lhd
u/L hdfgL 5f8L lbg' k5{ . hdfgLsf] k]6df ;f] af“sL k/]sf] /x]5 eg] hlt k]6
af“sL /x]sf] 7x5{ pltdf ;f] hdfgL x'g]nfO{ c;fdL ;/x sfg"g adf]lhd u/L
c;fdL 5fl8lbg' k5{ .
& g+= .. .. wg hdfgL ePsf]df hdfgL lbg] dflg; d/]klg lghaf6
pk/ ug'{ kg]{ af“sL 7x/] wg hdfgLn] ltg'{ k5{ . wg hdfgL x'g] d/]kl5 eg]
lghn] c;fdLaf6 s]xL n]vfO{ lnO{ ef]u u/]sf] /x]5 jf c;"n ul/;s]sf] /x]5 eg]
Toltdf dfq ;f] hdfgL x'g]sf] ck'tfnL vfg]af6 c;"n pk/ x'g ;St5 . ;f] afx]s
c? cj:yfdf wg hdfgL x'g] dl/;s]kl5 lghsf] ck'tfnL vfg]af6 c;"n pk/ x'g
;St}g . c;fdL jf c;fdLsf] ck'tfnL vfg]af6 c;"n pk/ u/L lng' k5{ . xflh/
hdfgL ePsf]df c;fdL d/]kl5 ;f] hdfgL x'g] JolQmnfO{ / xflh/ hdfgL x'g]
dflg; d/]kl5 ;f] hdfgL x'g]sf xsbf/nfO{ kqmfp ug{ x'“b}g .
* g+= .. .. ;f]x| jif{ gk'u]sf dflg;nfO{ s;}n] hdfgL lng x'“b}g .
( g+= .. .. hdfgLsf] sfuh n]vfp“bf hdfgL lbg] / hdfgL x'g] b'O{
y/ g/fvL sfuh u/fPsf] ;b/ x'“b}g .
!) g+= .. .. h]yf hdfgL n]vfO{ ln+bf ;f] hdfgL ePsf] af“sL pk/
x'g] c~hfd u/L lng' k5{ . h]yf hdfgLaf6 pk/ ePg egL hdfgL x'g]sf] c?
h]yf kqmfp ug{ x'“b}g .
!! g+= .. .. ;j{:j x'g] dflg;sf] hdfgL ePsf] eP efUg]sf] ;j{:j
u/L hdfgLnfO{ 5fl8lbg' k5{ . hdfgLdf 5'6]sf] dflg; hlxn];'s} klqmP klg hf]
x'g] ;hfo p;}nfO{ g} ug'{ k5{ . hdfgL x'g]n] n]lvP adf]lhd ?k}of“ lt/]sf] eP d'2f
l5lgPsf] tLg jif{leq s}b x'g] dflg;sf] hdfgL ePsf]df hdfgLdf 5'6]sf] dflg;
efuL ˚]nf gk/L hdfgLaf6 ?k}of“ c;"n ePsf]df efUg] dflg; tLg jif{leq ˚]nf
k/L s}b k/] hdfgLaf6 c;"n ePsf] ?k}of“ hdfgLnfO{ l˚tf{ lbg' k5{ . Dofb
gf3]kl5 ˚]nf k/] s}b ePsf]df eg] l˚tf{ x'g ;St}g .
!@ g+= .. .. o;df hdfgL x'g]nfO{ ;hfo jf ;/sf/L ljuf]df s}b ug'{
kbf{ 5 jif{eGbf a9L s}b ug'{ x'“b}g .

(96)
 dxn #
sNof0f wgsf]
! g+= .. .. hdLgdf ba]sf] jf u8]sf] s'g} wgdfn km]nf k/]df
hf“ra'em ubf{ ;j{:j x'g] u/L c8\8faf6 ;hfosf] cfb]z ePsf] JolQm jf ;j{:j
x'g] ck/fwsf] cleo'Qmn] bafP jf uf8]sf] 7x/] hDd} / hl/afgf s}bsf] ;hfo
kfPsf] jf ;/sf/L ljuf] ltg'{ kg]{ 7x/]sf] JolQmn] bafPsf] jf uf8]sf] 7x/] ;f]
sfof{lGjt ug{ rflxg] hlt;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'g]5 . ;fx"sf] bfdf;fxL u/fpg]
jf u/fPsf] c;fdLn] bafP jf uf8]sf] 7x/] km};nfdf n]lvP hlt;Dd ;fx"sf] x'G5 .
dfly n]lvP afx]s c? s;}n] bafP jf uf8]sf] 7x/] wgL kQf nfu] wgLsf] /
lghsf] d[To' e};s]sf] eP lghsf] ck'tfnL vfg]sf] x'G5 . wgL kQf gnfu]sf]df eg]
;f] wgdfn h;sf] 3/ hUufdf km]nf k/]sf]5 p;}sf] x'G5 .
@ g+= .. .. 3/ jf hUuf ;'qmLlaqmL ul/;s]kl5 jf c? s'g}
Joxf]/fn] sfg"g adf]lhd cfÇgf] xs 5f]8L csf{sf] xs x'g] u/L lbO{ lnO{ ;s]kl5
;f] 3/ jf hUufdf ba] jf u8]sf] s'g} wgdfn km]nf k¥of] eg] ;f] wgdfn ;f] 3/
hUuf v/Lb u/L jf c? Joxf]/fn] cfÇgf] xs u/fO{ lng] JolQmsf] x'G5 .
# g+= .. .. sNof0f wg km]nf k/]sf]df o;} dxnsf] ! / @ gDa/
adf]lhd ;f] wgdfn g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jf wgLsf] x'g] e} ;f] wgdfn km]nf kfg]{
JolQmn] gkfpg] ePdf lghnfO{ ;f] wgdfnsf] ;os8f bz / g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{
;os8f bz wgLn] lbg' k5{ . h;n] kfpg] xf] p;}n] km]nf kf/]sf]df eg] ;os8f
aL; g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'G5 .
$ g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g]df afx]s o;} dxnsf s'/fdf 5
dlxgfleqdf gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

(97)
 dxn $
Hofnf dh'/Lsf]
! g+= .. .. s;}n] s;}nfO{ lghsf] d~h'/L a]u/ s'g} sfd nufpg
jf u/fpg x'“b}g .
@ g+= .. .. sfd ug]{n] Hofnf dh'/L glng] u/L cfkm"v'zLn] sfd
ug{ d~h'/ u/]sf]df afx]s sfd ug]{nfO{ sfd nufpg] jf u/fpg]n] b'a}sf]
d~h'/Laf6 s'g} vf; Hofnf dh'/L tf]lsPsf]df ;f] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] / ;f]
adf]lhd gtf]lsPsf]df ;f] sfd jfkt ;f] 7fp“df rn]sf] b/ cg';f/sf] ;'kmt
Hofnf dh'/L lbg' k5{ .
# g+= .. .. cfkm"n] sa'n u/L p7fPsf] sfd k"/f gu/L sfd
u/fpg]sf] d~h'/L jf dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f lagf aLr}df 5f]8\g' x'“b}g .
$ g+= .. .. s;}n] o; dxndf n]lvPsf] lj?4 s'g} sfd u/]df b]xfo
adf]lhd x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
s;}n] s;}nfO{ lghsf] d~h'/L lagf sfd nufP jf u/fPdf nufPsf sfdsf]
Hofnf dh'/L e/fO{ lbO{ Ps;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 – – – – – – – – – – !
cfkm"n] nufP jf u/fPsf] sfdsf] o;} dxnsf @ gDa/ adf]lhdsf] Hofnf
dh'/L glbg]af6 ;f] adf]lhdsf] Hofnf dh'/L e/fO{ lbO{ lghnfO{ b08 ;hfosf]
@! gDa/ adf]lhd ;hfo ;d]t ug'{ k5{ –––––––––––––––@
cfkm"n] sa'n u/L p7fPsf sfd ;f] sfd nufpg] jf u/fpg]sf] d~h'/L jf
dgfl;a sf/0f lagf aLr}df 5f]8]df Ifltk"lt{ lng] lbg] s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf lnvt
ePsf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd / To:tf] lnvt gePdf b]xfo adf]lhd x'G5 – – – – – #
cfkm"n] af]sL cfPsf] ef/L aLr}df 5f]8L efUg] e/LofnfO{ krf; ?k}of“;Dd
hl/afgf u/L lghn] ef/L 5f]8L efu]af6 dfn gf]S;fg kg{ uPsf] /x]5 eg]
gf]S;fgL ljuf] ;d]t lghaf6 e/fO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
ef/L af]sL lhDdf lnO{ uPsf]df ;f] ef/L hxf“;Dd k'¥ofpgnfO{ lhDdf
lnPsf] xf] ;f] 7fp“;Dd k'¥ofO{ lhDdf glbO{ To;} ef/L af]lSbg egL aLr}df
ef/L 5f8L hfg]nfO{ aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf u/L k]ZsL lnPsf] e'Qmfg e}
g;s]sf] dh'/L lghaf6 lkmtf{ u/fO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
o;} bkmfsf] dfly bkmf ! / @ df n]lvP afx]s c?df ljuf] e/fO{ s;"/
cg';f/ aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g ;Qm5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
% g+= .. .. o; dxnsf s'/fdf ;f] sfd s'/f eP u/]sf ldltn]
k}+tL; lbgleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

(98)
 dxn %
u/La s·fnsf]
! g+= .. 
.. === === ===
@ g+= .. .. === === ===
# g+= .. .. afa' d/]sf] jf a]kQf ePsf] jf ljb]z uPsf] cj:yfdf
cfdfn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]df lghsf] gfafnssf] xsdf b]xfo adf]lhd x'G5 – – –

hfoh]yf jf pd]/ k'u]sf] Psf3/sf] xsjfnf gePsf] gfafns eP cfdfn]

cfkm";fy nuL kfNg' k5{ – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
hfoh]yf / pd]/ k'u]sf] Psf3/sf] xsjfnf ePklg cf7 jif{eGbf d'lgsf]
gfafns eP cf7 jif{sf] pd]/ gk'u];Dd cfdfn] cfkm";fy nuL / gfafnssf]
Psf3/sf] xsjfnf geP gfafnss} 3/df a;L kfNg kfp“5 – – – – – – – – @
cf7 jif{ gf3]sf] t/ ;f]x| jif{ d'lgsf] gfafnssf] pd]/ k'u]sf] Psf3/sf]
xsjfnf ePklg xsjfnfn] gkfn]df jf kfNg d~h'/ gu/]df cfdfn] kfNg
kfp“5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
cfdfn] kfNbf gfafnssf] Psf3/sf] xsjfnf g} gePsf] jf ePklg pd]/
k'u]sf] gePsf] jf pd]/ k'u]sf] ePklg kfNg grfx]sf]df ;f] gfafnssf]
hfoh]yf ;d]t cfdfn] lhDdf lng kfp“5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
$ g+= .. .. cfk:t jf ;+/Ifsn] x]/ljrf/ gu/]sf jf To:tf sf]xL
gePsf gfafnssf] hfohft /x]g5 jf ePklg To;sf] cfo:tfaf6 lghsf] kfng
kf]if0f x'g g;Sg] /x]5 eg] ;f] 7fp“sf] ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfn] To:tf]
gfafnsnfO{ gfafns kfNg] 7fp“sf] 5'§} Joj:yf ePsf]df ;f]xL 7fp“df / ;f] geP
To; Onfsfsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;dIf k7fO{ lbg' k5{ . k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/L sxf“ ;f] adf]lhd cfPsf gfafnsnfO{ p;sf] cfo:tfn] gk'u] hlt
/fhu'7Lsf] cfDbfgLaf6 vr{ u/L ;f]x| jif{sf] pd]/ gk'u];Dd :ofxf/ ;Def/ u/L
ug{ nufO{ To;sf] b/jGbL gePsf]df b/jGbL ;d]t u/fO{ kfnL /fVg' k5{ .
% g+= .. .. hfohft / cfÇgf] sf]xL gePsf /f]huf/ u/L vfg
g;Sg] c;dy{ JolQmnfO{ ;f] 7fp“sf] ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] l;kmfl/;df
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] ;bfjt{af6 x08L / jif{sf] b'O{ hf]/ sk8f lbnfO{ g]kfn

;/sf/af6 tf]lsPsf] 7fp“df kfnL /fVg nufpg' k5{ .

^ g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] === === === #, $ jf % gDa/df n]lvP
adf]lhdsf] gfafns jf JolQm cfgf ufp“ zx/ 6f]ndf ePdf ;f] 7fp“sf lhldbf/

 afnaflnsf ;DaGwL P]g, @)$* åf/f vf/]h .

 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ?kfGt/ .
 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ?kfGt/ .
 afnaflnsf ;DaGwL P]g, @)$* åf/f x6fOPsf] .

(99)
tfns'bf/ jf ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsf ;b:on] ;f] s'/fsf] hgfp ;f] 7fp“sf]
ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ lbg' k5{ / ;f] ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfn]

klg ;f] gDa/x?df n]lvP adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .

& g+= .. .. dxf/f]u ePsf dflg;x?nfO{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln]
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 tf]lsPsf] 7fp“df k7fO{ lbg' k5{ .
t/ cf}iflw pkrf/ gx'g] 7fp“df dxf/f]u ePsf dflg;x?nfO{ k7fpg]

u/L tf]Sg x'“b}g .

* g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 lbOg] ;bfjt{ l;wf lb+bf
b]xfosf qmdn] k|fyldstf lbO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
-s_ dxf/f]uL .
-v_ b'a} cf“vf gb]Vg] cGwf .
-u_ n'nf, n·8f jf s"“hf .
-3_ afa'cfdf sf]xL gePsf /f]huf/ u/L vfg g;Sg]
gfafns 6'x'/f .
-ª_ :ofxf/ ;Def/ ug]{ sf]xL gePsf czQm a'9fa"9Lx? .
-r_ la/fdL / c;dy{ .
-5_ c;n /dtf bzgfd kmsL/ .
-h_ sdfO{ v]tLkftL s]xL gePsf :jf:gLdflg; .
( g+= .. .. o; dxn adf]lhd kflnPsf gfafnsnfO{ ;f] kfNg]n]
oyf;Dej plrt lzIff lbnfpg] Joj:yf ug'{ k5{ .
!) g+= .. .. cfÇgf] hfohft dfyj/ lhDdfjfnfn] a'emfO{ lbPsf]df
lxgfldgf ePsf] jf c? sf/0fn] lrQ ga'em]sf] s'/fdf gfln; lbg' kbf{ cfkm"n]
kmf“6jf/L a'emL lnPsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(100)
 dxn ^
rf}kfof x/fpg] / kfpg]sf]
! g+= .. .. s'g} rf}kfof km]nf k¥of] / kmnfgfsf] xf] egL yfxf
kfOof] eg] cfkm"n] kfPsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s ;ft lbgleq h;sf] xf]
p;}nfO{ a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ . kmnfgfsf] xf] egL yfxf x'g ;s]g eg] cfkm"n] kfPsf]
k}+tL; lbgleq glhssf] k|x/L sfof{no jf :yfgLo k~rfotdf hfx]/L n]vfO{ /fVg'
k5{ .
@ g+= .. .. ;femfsf] rf}kfof c? ;fem]bf/nfO{ yfxf glbO{ s'g}
;fem]bf/n] nu]5 / c? ;fem]bf/ ph"/ ug{ cfP eg] h;n] c?sf] lx:;fsf] bfd
lt5{ ;f] dfn p;}nfO{ lbnfO{ lbg' k5{ . yfxf glbO{ nu]sfdf b}jL k¥of] eg] h;n]
nu]sf] xf] p;af6 c?sf] lx:;fsf] df]n e/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
# g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} rf}kfof kfPsf]df o;} dxnsf] ! gDa/
adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ sfd gu/L ;f] rf}kfof cfÇgf] lghL Jojxf/df NofPdf lghaf6
;f] rf}kfofsf wgLnfO{ ;f] rf}kfof Jojxf/ u/]sf] k|To]s lbgsf lgldQ To; 7fp“df
rn]sf] dh'/L e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd dh'/L e/fp“bf ;f] rf}kfofsf] df]nsf]
a/fa/ eGbf a9L e/fpg x'“b}g . ;f] rf}kfof d/] jf efu]df ;f] rf}kfofsf] df]n
ljuf] ;d]t e/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
$ g+= .. .. s;}sf] xfQL efuL h·ndf x/fPdf ;f] x/fPsf] ldltn]
k}+tfnL; lbgleq glhssf] ;/sf/L xfQL;f/df hfx]/ ug{ cfPdf vf]hL klqmP vf]hL
lbP jfkt kmL xfQLsf] Ps ;o ?k}of“sf] b/n] ;f] xfQLsf] wgLaf6 a'lemlnO{ xfQL
;f] wgLnfO{ a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ . k}+tfnL; lbg gf3]kl5 vf]hL u/L lbg' kb}{g .
% g+= .. .. s;}n] kfO/fv]sf] rf}kfof ;f] x/fPsf] 5 dlxgfleq
k|df0f k'¥ofO{ s;}n] bfjL ug{ cfPdf To; rf}kfofsf] k~rs[lt df]n u/L To;sf]
bzf}+b kgfpgL / v'jfPsf] vr{ ;d]t kfpg]nfO{ lbnfO{ rf}kfof wgLnfO{ lkmtf{
lbnfO{ lbg' k5{ . 5 dlxgfleq b}jL k/] kfpg]n] a'emfpg' kb}{g . 5 dlxgfleq bfjL
ug{ gcfP h;n] kfPsf] xf] p;}sf] x'G5 . o;} dxnsf] ! gDa/ adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{
sfd gu/]sf]df eg] 5 dlxgfsf] Dofb gf3] klg ;f] rf}kfof kfpg]sf] x'“b}g .
wgLnfO{ a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ .
^ g+= .. .. cfÇgf] xs gk'Ug] d]/f] xf] egL nuL /fv]sf] rf}kfof /
To;af6 a9]sf] lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ . gf]S;fg jf b}jL k¥of] eg] df]n e/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
& g+= .. .. of] dxnsf] cGoq xbDofb n]lvPsf] s'/fdf afx]s c?
s'/fdf eP u/]sf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

(101)
 dxn &
u'7Lsf]
! g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/xbleq c:ktfn, kf7zfnf jf ;fj{hlgs lxt
x'g] c? s'g} sfd s'/f /fVg jf agfpg g]kfn ;/sf/l;t hUuf dfu]df csf{sf]
xssf] jf ;GwL ;k{g gkg]{ ;/sf/L hUuf eP lbg x'G5 .
@ g+= .. .. /Lt k'¥ofO{ /fv]sf] wd{zfnf wd{ sLlt{ s;}n] laufg{ /
s]xL s;"/ u/] klg xg{ x'“b}g . xsjfnf sf]xL geP ;/sf/L u'7Ldf btf{ u/L lbg'
k5{ .
# g+= .. .. s'g} Joxf]/f;“u u'7L /fv]sf]df b]xfo adf]lhd x'G5 – –
u'l7of/ ;d]t /fvL cfÇgf] xs 5f]8L /fv]sf] u'7L ;f] u'7L /fVg] jf pgsf
;Gtfg xsbf/n] u'7Lsf] bfgkq lznfkq ;d]tsf lnvt adf]lhdsf] sfd
rnfO{ z]if hu]8f /xg] afx]ssf] vfg kfpg] z]if af“sL;Dd lwtf] aGws /fVg'
x'G5 . n]lvP afx]s a]rlavg bfg bftJo u/L jf hDd} ef]u lwtf] /fvL jf
lnvt adf]lhdsf] sfd ;d]t gu/L wd{ nf]k ug{ x'“b}g . ;Gtfg xsbf/n]
lnvt adf]lhdsf] sfd rnfPg jf vfg kfpg] z]if ef]ulwtf]b]lv afx]s
a]rlavg bfg bftJo / c? hDd} u'7L a]rlavg bfg bftJo jf ef]ulwtf] ;d]t
u/L wd{ nf]k u¥of] eg] To;n] ;f] u'7Lsf] kfnf] kfp“b}g . z]if af“sL a08f u/L
vfg klg kfp“b}g pb]lv kl5sf] ;f] u'7Lsf] xsbf/n] rnfpg kfp“5 . ghfgL
lng] ;fx"sf] y}nL skfnL x'G5 . hfgL hfgL lng] ;fx"sf] y}nL e"; x'G5 – – – – !
u'l7of/ g/fvL 3/ u'7L /fVbf To;} ;fnsf b/ efpn] ;os8f bzeGbf a9\tf
vfg kfpg] u/L /fv]sf] u'7Ldf u'7L /fVg] jf p;sf] ;Gtfgn] u'7Lsf] bfgkq
lznfkq ;d]tsf] lnvt adf]lhdsf] sfd rnfO{ cfkm"n] vfg kfpg] z]if
af“sL;Dd lwtf] aGws /fVg x'G5 . vfg kfpg] z]if af“sL klg a]rlavg bfg
bftJo / n]lvP afx]s c? u'7Lsf] 3/ hUuf lwtf] aGws / a]rlavg bfg
bftJo ;d]t s]xL u/L lbg / u'7Lsf] bfgkq lznfkq ;d]tsf] lnvt
adf]lhdsf] sfd grnfO{ wd{nf]k ug{ x'“b}g . wd{nf]k ug]{n] To; u'7Lsf] kfnf]
kfp“b}g . pb]lv kl5sf xsbf/n] rnfpg kfp“5 . vfg kfpg] ePsf] z]if af“sL
eg] wd{nf]k ug]{n] klg P]g adf]lhd a08f u/L vfg kfp“5 . ;fx"sf] xsdf
dfly ! bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd x'G5 –––– –––––––––––@
dfly !.@ bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd /fv]sf] u'7Ldf u'7L /fVg] jf pgsf ;Gtfg
xsbf/n] cfkm"n] vfg kfpg];Ddsf] z]if aGws /fv]df / lng]n] lnPdf ;d]t
u'7Lsf] hUufdf b}jL k/L afnL gcfp“bf ;f] u'7Lsf] rnfpg' kg]{ sfd rnfpg /
eTs] lau|]sf] agfpgnfO{ ;d]t hu]8f /fVg] u/L To;}af6 ug]{ / hu]8f g/fvL
z]if af“sL vfg]df ;d]t 3/3/fgfaf6 vr{ u/L ;d]t rnfpg' kg]{ sfd
rnfpg] / agfpg' kg]{ agfpg] ;d]t u'7Lsf] bfgkq lznfkq klGhn ;d]tsf
lnvt adf]lhd rnfpg' agfpg' k5{ . rnfpg' agfpg' kg]{ sfddf u'7Lsf]
hUufdf b}jL k/L afnL gcfpg] ePdf / hu]8f /fVg] gePsf] u'7Ldf z]if
aGws /fVg]n] 3/ 3/fgfaf6 vr{ u/L hf] rnfpg' agfpg' kg]{ rnfpg'
agfpg' / aGws lng] ;fx"n] klg ug{ nfpg' k5{ . p;n] rnfPg agfPg eg]
d'bf{ u'7L afx]s c? u'7Ldf aGws lng] ;fx"n] cfkm}n] vr{ u/L cfkm"n] ug{

(102)
rnfpg x'g] hltdf cfkm}n] / cfkm"n] rnfpg ug{ gx'g]df bftf jf c? xsbf/
dfkm{taf6 ;d]t u/L rnfpg' agfpg' k5{ . n]lvP adf]lhd aGws /fVg] bftf
jf ;fx"n] ;d]t rnfPg rnfpg nfPg agfPg agfpg nfPg eg] ;f] s;"/af6
klg wd{nf]k u/]sf] 7x5{ . c8sfp ePsf] sfd dfly !.@ bkmfdf n]lvP
adf]lhdsf] xsbf/n] aGws lng] ;fx" a;] p;nfO{ / p ga;] c? rf/ hgf
enfb\dL /fvL rnfpg' agfpg' u/L ;f] rnfP agfPsf] vr{df ;fx"sf] jf
enfbdLsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ lng' k5{ olt /Lt k'¥ofO{ u/]sf] ;f] vr{ ;f]xL
aGwsL /fv]sf] z]if cfo:tfaf6 pk/ u/L lng kfp“5 . ;f] vr{ pk/ egf{
gx'Gh]n aGws lng] ;fx"n] z]if cfo:tf vfg kfp“b}g . vr{ pk/ u/L lnO;s]
kl5 dfq lnvt adf]lhd Tof] ;fx"n] z]if cfo:tf vfg kfp“5 . aGws /fv]sf]
hlt kfnf] kfpg] / sfd rnfpg] xsbf/n] lgvgL lng kfp“5 – – – – – – – – #
$ g+= .. .. u'7L /fVbf bfg u/L lbO{ /fv]sf] u'7L /x]5 eg] kfpg]
xsbf/ 7x5{ . ;f] kfpg] jf To;sf ;Gtfgn] wd{nf]k u/]5 eg] ;f] u'7L /fVg] jf
p;sf ;Gtfgn] wd{nf]k ug]{nfO{ vfl/h u/L To;sf xsjfnfdf cfkm"n] /f]h]sfnfO{
khgL u/L lbg kfp“5 . cfkm}n] vfg eg] kfp“b}g . u'l7of/n] bfg as; a]rljvg
s]xL ul/sg klg c?nfO{ lbg x'“b}g .
% g+= .. .. PseGbf a9L xsjfnf ePdf tL ;a}n] lnvt eP
lnvt adf]lhd lnvt /x]g5 eg] k|To]sn] b'O{ jif{sf] kfnf] u/L u'7L rnfO{ vfg
kfp“5g\ . xsjfnf afa' hLp“b} ePsf] cj:yfdf eg] 5f]/f gfltn] b}of ug{ kfp“b}gg\ .
lnvt gePsf]df cfÇgf] xs k'u]kl5 ;f]x| jif{leq gfln; glbP b'O{ jif{sf] kfnf]
kfpg] s'/fdf kl5 gfln; nfUg ;St}g .
^ g+= .. .. u'7Lsf] rn ;DklQ u'7Lsf] sfdsf nflu rng
Jojxf/ ubf{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] lvP 36]sf]df u'l7of/nfO{ aft nfUb}g . ;f]
afx]s u'l7of/n] gf;] df;]sf]df wd{ nf]k u/]sf] 7x5{ . To:tf] u'l7of/nfO{ khgL
ug{ x'G5 .
& g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/l;t o;} dxnsf] ! gDa/ adf]lhd hUuf
k|fKt u/L wd{ sLlt{ agfO{ /fv]sf] ;f] u'7L /fVg] jf lghsf] ;Gtfg jf xsjfnfn]
lh0ff]{4f/ ug{ g;sL c? s;}n] lh0ff]{4f/ u/]df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt u/]sf]
hUuf ;f] lh0ff]{4f/ ug]{ JolQmn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 tf]lsPsf] ;f] u'7Lsf] sfd rnfO{
vfg kfp“5 .
* g+= .. .. lnvtkq s]xL ge} ;f]x| jif{;Dd csf{sf] u'7L ef]u
u/]sf] /x]5 eg] lgh hLljt 5pGh]n lgh}n] ef]u ug{ kfp“5 . lghsf] z]ifkl5 ;f]
u'7Ldf xs k'Ug]n] kfp“5 .
( g+= .. .. C0f jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] af“sL nfu]kl5 u'7L /fv]sf]df
;f] C0f jf af“sL ga'emfO{ ;b/ x'“b}g . To:tfnfO{ ;hfo eg] x'“b}g .
!) g+= .. .. ;/sf/L d7 kfPsf dxGtx?;“u s;}n] hUuf hdLg,
3/, v]t ln+bf ;f] d7 kfpg] dxGtn] d7 gkfp“b} cl3 cfh]{sf] hUuf hdLg, 3/
v]t / d7 kfPkl5 klg d7 kfpg]n] cfÇg} hLpn] cfh]{sf] hlt hUuf hdLg, 3/,
v]t cfh{g]sf] hLp 5pGh]n lghn];Dd P]g adf]lhd a]rlavg ug{ / lnvt u/L
lbg lng x'G5 . cfh{g ug]{ dxGtsf z]if kl5nfO{ d7 kfpg'eGbf cl3sf] af“sL
/x]sf] hlt / d7 kfPkl5 cfh]{sf] hUuf, hdLg, 3/, v]t ;d]t xsbf/n] kfp“b}g

(103)
d7}sf] x'G5 . ;f] adf]lhd d7df cfPsf] hUuf hdLg 3/ v]t kl5 s'g} dxGtn]
P]g adf]lhd Psf df]xLaf6 csf]{ df]xL khgL ug{ afx]s c? s]xL Joxf]/f;“u
dxGtn] lbg / c?n] lng ;d]t x'“b}g, lnP lbPsf] ab/ x'G5 .
!! g+= .. .. e]ifwf/Lx?n] u'7L g/fvL cfgf gfp“df bl/Psf] jf
cfÇg" xs k'Ug] hUufsf] kf]t lt/f] lt/L af“sL /x]sf] cfkm"n] vfg kfpg] cfo:tfaf6
b]j b]jtfsf] k"hf cfhf wd{ ;bfjt{ OToflb sfd rnfpg] u/L /fv]sf] jf sfd
rnfO{ cfPsf hUuf tL dl/;s]kl5 ltgsf r]nfn] nfu]sf] kf]t lt/f] lt/L af“sL
/x]sf] cfo:tfaf6 ;fljs adf]lhdsf] sfd rnfO{ z]if af“sL /xg]df ;f] z]if;Dd
vfg x'G5 . To:tf] hUuf aGws /fVg jf xs 5f]8L laqmL bfg as; OToflb u/L
lbg lng ;d]t x'“b}g . dfnkf]t lt/f] af“sL /fv] sfg"g adf]lhd khgL x'G5 .
!@ g+= .. .. s'g} d7 :yfgsf] dxGtsf] kb l/Qm ePdf lzio
pklzion] ;f] dxGTofO{ rnfpg] ePsf]df ;f] d7 :yfgsf] sfd /fd|f];“u rnfpg
;Sg] g]kfnL gful/s lzio pklzion] ;f] dxGTofO{ kfpg]5 .
!# g+= .. .. u'7Ldf bflvn ug'{ kg]{ /sd bafO{ 5kfO{ vfPdf ;f]
vfg]af6 ljuf] e/fO{ lghnfO{ ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf x'G5 .
!$ g+= .. .. cfÇgf] xs gk'Ug] s'/fdf kfp“ egL ph"/ u/L afnL
;d]t vfPsf] eP sfd rnfO{ vfPsf] eP z]if lkmtf{ lbnfO{ To;} hUufsf] Ps
jif{sf] wgL af]6Lsf] ;os8f kf“r ?k}of“ hl/afgf x'G5 .
!% g+= .. .. To;} kqm]sf] dfq /x]5 eg] kqm]sf hDdfsf] wgL af]6Lsf
/ c? dfnsf] bzf}+b hl/afgf x'G5 .
!^ g+= .. .. of] dxndf cGoq xb n]lvPsf] s'/fdf / wd{ nf]k
u/]sf] jf /fVg gx'g] u'7L /fv]sf] afx]s c? s'/fdf eP u/]sf ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq
gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

(104)
 dxn *
hUuf cfjfb ug]{sf]
! g+= .. .. cfgf] vr{ jf cf“tsf ann] h;n] s'nf] agfp“5
p;nfO{ klxn] kfgL geO{ c?n] kfp“b}g . cl3b]lv efu af“8L cfPsf 7fp“df efu
adf]lhd kfgL glbO{ v]t af“emf] u/fpg ;d]t x'“b}g . d'xfgsf v]tdf kfgL k'u]kl5
p; dlGt/sfn] n}hfg kfp“5 . d'xfgsf v]tjfnfsf] s]xL c8sfp eof] eg] p;}
dlGt/sfn] kfgL nuL /f]Kg x'G5 . kl5af6 d'xfgsfn] kfgL nuL /f]Kg x'G5 . gof“
s'nf] agfp“bf k'/fgf] s'nf]n] kf6\g] v]tdf kfgL sd x'“b}g eg] dfly gof“ s'nf]
agfpg x'G5 .
@ g+= .. .. s'nf] eTSof] jf v]tdf vf]nf] k}x|f] nfUof] eg] e/;s
df]xLx?n] cfkm} jf bfdf;fxLn] dflg; k7fO{ agfO{ t}of/ ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ . df]xLsf
an d2tn] gk'Ug] eof] eg] lhldbf/ tfn'sbf/n] ;a} Joxf]/f vf]nL vr{sf]
lgsf;fsf] lgldQ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt sfof{nodf hfx]/ u/L lgsf;f eP
;f] adf]lhd agfpg' k5{ .
# g+= .. .. hUuf cfjfb ugf{nfO{ af“emf] jf cfjfbL h'g;'s}
hUufaf6 hf];'s}n] klg af“w k}g s'nf] agfO{ kfgL Nofpg' x'G5 /f]Sg x'“b}g . lt/f]
kf]t gnfu]sf] af“emf] hUuf afx]s c? hUufsf] xsdf hUufsf] wgLnfO{ af“w k}g
s'nf]df k/]sf] hUuf hltsf] df]n jf hUuf ;§f lbg' k5{ . af“emf] hUuf cfjfb
ugf{nfO{ /}tLtkm{af6 vr{ nufO{ agfp“bf af“w k}g s'nf]df k/]sf] cfjfbL hUufsf]
lt/f] kf]teGbf bf]Aa/ a9\tf xfn cfjfbL x'g] klt{ hUufaf6 cfpg] /x]5 eg] ;f]
af“w k}g s'nf]df k/]sf] hlt cfjfbL hUufsf] lt/f] kf]t ldgfxf lbg' k5{ .
$ g+= .. .. k/fk"j{b]lv lx+8L cfPsf] af6f] jf j:t' efp lgsf:g]
lgsf; cfÇgf] hUufdf kg]{ ePklg To:tf] hUuf / j:t' efp v/sfpg] rf}/, kfgL
3f6, kf]v/Lsf] l9+s, uf}r/, d"naf6f], ;8s, kf6L, kf}jf, lrxfg / To:t} c? s'g}
;fj{hlgs :yfg / g]kfn ;/sf/af6 sdf]6 gug'{ a‰ofpg' eGg] ePsf] ;/sf/L
hUuf s;}n] la/fpg jf la/fpg nfpg x'“b}g .
% g+= .. .. sfg"g adf]lhd b]xfodf n]lvPsf] s'g} hUuf cfjfb ug{
cg'dlt k|fKt u/]sf]df b]xfodf n]lvPsf] eGbf 36L dfkmL lng] u/L cfjfb ug{
sa'n u/]sf]df ;f] sa'n adf]lhd / To:tf] sa'n gePsf]df b]xfo adf]lhd x'G5 –
cl3sf] cfjfbL kl5 v:tL ktL{ /x]sf] hUuf cfjfb u/]sf]df cfjfb u/]s}
;fnb]lvsf] lt/f] lng' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
sfnfahf/, d'2tL ktL{, vo/ jg, ao/ jg, k6 af“emf], au/ ;d]t cfjfb
u/]sf]df rf/ ;fn dfkmL lbO{ kf“rf} ;fnb]lv kf]t lng' k5{ – – – – – – – – – @
cfjfbL lt/f] e/f]sf] kfvf]df s'nf] NofO{ v]t la/fPdf rf/ ;fn;Dd kfvf]s}
lt/f] lnO{ kf“rf} ;fnb]lv v]t ;/xsf] lt/f] lnO{ kfvf]sf] lt/f] ldgfxf lbg' k5{ – – #
^ g+= .. .. hUuf xfn cfjfbL ug]{ s'/fsf xsdf hUuf cfjfb u/L
;sL btf{ u/fO{ kfp“ egL b/vf:t u/]df To:tf] b/vf:t pk/ sf/afxL ul/g]
5}g . hUuf hf“rL cfjfb ug{ kfp“ eGg] b/vf:t lbPsf]df hUuf klxn] g} cfjfb

(105)
ul/;s]sf]df afx]s sfg"g adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ btf{ ul/lbg' k5{ . hf“Rbf hUuf
klxn] g} cfjfb ul/;s]sf] b]lvof] eg] b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – –
s;}sf] xs gnfUg] sfg"gn] cfjfb ug{ x'g] hUuf /x]5 eg] ;f] cfjfb ug]{n]
cfjfb u/]sf] ;fnb]lvsf] ;f] hUufdf nfUg] lt/f] / ;f] lt/f]sf] ljuf] adf]lhd
hl/afgf lghaf6 c;"n pk/ u/L ;f] hUuf lnnfd laqmL u/L cfPsf] /sd
g]kfn ;/sf/df bflvn ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
s;}sf] xs gnfUg] sfg"gn] cfjfb ug{ gx'g] hUuf cfjfb u/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f]
cfjfb ug]{n] cfjfb u/]sf] ;fn}b]lvsf] ;f] hUufdf nfUg] lt/f]sf] ljuf] adf]lhd
hl/afgf lghaf6 c;"n pk/ u/L ;f] hUuf a‰ofO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – @
c?sf] xssf] hUuf cfjfb u/]sf] /x]5 eg] xs a]xssf] d'2f x]g]{ c8\8faf6
lg0f{o u/fO{ cfPdf kl5 7x/] adf]lhd x'g]5 egL b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ ;'gfO{ lbg'
k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
& g+= .. .. xfn cfjfb ug{ kfp“ egL b/vf:t k/]sf]df cfjfb ug{
kfp“ eg]sf] hUuf sfg"g adf]lhd cfjfb ug{ x'g] /x]5 eg] ;f] hUufsf] ;f“wsf
hUufsf wgLx? jf lghsf k|ltlglw, ;f] hUufsf] lhldbf/ tfn'sbf/ jf lghsf
k|ltlglw / c? sDtLdf rf/hgf :yfgLo enfb\dL ;d]t /fvL ;/hdLg a'emL xfn
cfjfbL ug{ x'g] 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ gDa/L btf{ u/L lbg' k5{ . ;f]
adf]lhdsf] dflg; g/fvL u/] ePsf] ;/hdLg / To;af6 ePsf] xfn cfjfbL btf{
;b/ x'g ;St}g .
* g+= .. .. hUuf gfKbf ;}+tL; km'6 nfdf] ;}+tL; km'6 rf}8f hUufsf]
Ps d'/L, rf/ d'/Lsf] Ps /f]kgL / ;f9] t]x| km'6 nfdf] ;f9] t]x| km' 6 rf}8f
hUufsf] Ps w'/, aL; w'/sf] Ps s¶f / aL; s¶fsf] Ps laufxf sfod ug'{ k5{ .
( g+= .. .. d'2f k/L jf c? s]xL Joxf]/fn] hUuf gfkL ug'{ k¥of]
eg] rf/ lsNnf ;d]t vf]nL gfkL ug'{ k5{ .
!) g+= .. .. hUufsf] s"t 7]Sg' kbf{ p;} 7fp“df ;f“w ;+lwof/ /
enfbdL /fvL cjn, bf]od, ;Ld, rfxf/df o; lsl;dsf] hUuf egL d'r'Nsf lnO{
lsl;d 5'6\ofO{ cf“7f ;/x s"t 7]Sg' k5{ .
!! g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] rf/ gDa/df n]lvP adf]lhdsf] hUuf /
cfkm" a;]sf] 3/af/L;“u hf]l8Psf] ktL{ hUuf afx]s c? ktL{ hUuf ;f]x|fgL lt/f]
leqsf] jf d]/f] ;lGw;k{gsf] egL cfkm"n] klg cfjfb gu/L c?nfO{ cfjfb ug{ klg
glbO{ /f]Ssf u/L /fVg /vfpg ;d]t x'“b}g .
!@ g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/af6 sdf]6 gug'{ egL a‰ofPsf hUuf
hfgL hfgL cfjfb u/]df hUuf cfjfb u/]sf ;fnb]lvsf] ;f] hUufdf nfUg] lt/f]
hUuf cfjfb ug]{af6 c;"n u/L hUuf km]l/ a‰ofO{ lbg' k5{ . To:tf]df hUuf
cfjfb ug]{ u/fpg]nfO{ ;f] lt/f]sf] ljuf]sf] kf“r u'gf hl/afgf ;d]t x'G5 . ghfgL
cfjfb u/]sf]df eg] cfjfb u/]sf] ;fnb]lvsf] lt/f];Dd c;"n u/L hUuf a‰ofO{
lbg' k5{ .
!# g+= .. .. ljuf] e/fpg gkg]{ l:ylt /Lltdf 36L a9L kg]{ s'/f
dfq ePsf] of] dxn adf]lhdsf] d'2fdf ;hfo ug'{ kbf{ o;} dxnsf c? gDa/df

(106)
;hfo tf]lsPsf] s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd / gtf]lsPsf]df krf; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf
x'g]5 .
!$ g+= .. .. cfjfb ug{ gx'g] hUuf cfjfb jf btf{ u/] u/fPsf]df
afx]s c? s'/fdf yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(107)
 dxn (
hUuf khgLsf]
! g+= .. .. /fhu'7L hUuf / ;/sf/L lnvt gePsf] lsk6 hUuf
/}s/ ;/x x'G5 . ;f] afx]s c? u}x| hUuf /}s/ 7x5{ .
@ g+= .. .. P]gn] 3/;f/df n]gb]g Jojxf/ ug{ kfpg]df ;f]
adf]lhd ubf{ cfÇgf xs x'g cfO{ bflvn vfl/h ug'{ kg]{ ePsf] / btf{jfnf d/L
xsjfnfsf] gfp“df ;fg]{df ;d]t k}+tL; lbgleq /}tLn] tfn'sbf/sxf“ u} bflvn
vfl/h u/fO{ cfgf gfp“df btf{ u/fpg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd bflvn vfl/h u/fpg
cfPdf tfn'sbf/n] klg bflvn vfl/h u/L To;sf] lg:;f /}tLnfO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f]
adf]lhd tfn'sbf/n] bflvn vfl/h u/L glbPdf snd lkR5] kf“r ?k}of“ hl/afgf
u/L dfn c8\8fn] bflvn vfl/h ug'{ u/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
@s g+= .. .. cfÇgf xs x'g cfO{ bflvn vfl/h ug'{ kg]{ ePsf] /
btf{jfnf d/L xsjfnfsf] gfddf ;fg]{df ;d]t k}+tL; lbgleq bflvn btf{ gu/fO{
Dofb u'hf/L a;]sf]df kl5 bflvn btf{ u/fpg b/vf:t lbPdf hlt;'s} cjlw
Joltt ePklg bz ?k}of“ b:t'/ lnO{ gfd;f/L bflvn vfl/h ul/lbg' k5{ . of] P]g
nfu" x'g'eGbf klxn] hUufsf] gfd;f/L bflvn vfl/h ug]{ Dofb u'h|]sf sndx?df
;d]t ;f] adf]lhd b:t'/ lnO{ gfp“;f/L bflvn vfl/h ul/lbg' k5{ .
# g+= .. .. s'g} Joxf]/fn] hUuf 5f]8\g 5f]8fpg k/]df dw]zsf]
hUuf kmfNu'0f d;fGtb]lv h]i7 d;fGt;Dddf / cGoqsf] hUuf kf}ifb]lv r}q
d;fGt;Dddf 5f]8\g 5f]8fpg x'G5 To;kl5nfO{ s'ofd 7x5{ .
$ g+= .. .. s'g} /}tLn] cfÇgf gfdsf] btf{ hUuf sdfO{ vfg ;lSbg
egL o;} dxnsf] # gDa/sf] ofdkl5 5f]8\5' eGg cfPdf ;f] 5f8\g] ;fnsf] lt/f]
a'emfp“5 eg] lhldbf/ tfn'sbf/n] lghnfO{ dfn c8\8fdf nuL ;f] c8\8f ;fIfL
/fvL lt/f] a'emL /fhLgfdf u/fO{ lng' k5{ . To;/L /fhLgfdf ug]{n] ;f] ufp“
df}hfsf] s]xL hUuf af“sL /fvL s]xL hUuf dfq 5f8\g kfp“b}g .
% g+= .. .. hUuf khgL ug'{ kg]{ ePdf To; hUufdf kSsL 3/
agfO{ a;]sf] eP 3/ p7fpg x'“b}g . ;f] 3/sf] / 3/ agfp“bf ldlrP hlt hUufsf]
bfdf;fxLn] ltg'{ kg]{ lt/f] lt/L vfg kfp“5 . lt/f] c8\Sof] eg] ;f] 3/ lnnfd u/L
rflxg] egf{ lnO{ a9\tf ToxL 3/sf wgLnfO{ lbg' k5{ . 3/sf wgL geP g]kfn
;/sf/df bflvn ug'{ k5{ .
^ g+= .. .. cj pk|fGt hUufdf nfPsf] /sd vfl/h ul/Psf]5 .
To:tf] hUufdf kf]t lt/f] nfu]sf] /x]g5 jf cf“7feGbf sd nfu]sf] /x]5 eg] cf“7f
;/x kf]t 7]sL c;"n ug'{ k5{ .

 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(108)
 & g+= .. .. lsk6 hUufsf] ku/L kfPsf] dflg; d¥of] efUof] eg]
Tof] ku/L xsjfnfnfO{ / xsjfnfn] d~h'/ gu/]df jf gePdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] x]/L
c?nfO{ af“wL lbg' k5{ . ku/L kfpg]sf] leGg ePsf efOn] a]Un} ku/L lng rfx]df
kfp“5 . To;} hUufdf s'l/of af“8L cfgf efudf nfu]sf] b:t'/ lt/] a]Un} ku/L
lbg' k5{ . lskl6of ku/L km'6]kl5 klg y/L eg] km'6'jf u/fpg x'“b}g . p;sf] ;f]x|
cfgfleqsf] hUuf km'6'jf ku/LnfO{ kfnf] kfnf] u/L a'emfpg' kg]{ b:t'/ a'emfO{ vfg
x'G5 gof“ y/L u/fO{ lbG5f}+ egL y}nL lnPsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] ltg{ g;s] skfnL ;/x
x'G5 . ;f] ku/L af“wL lb+bfsf] b:t'/ c;"n u/L lng' k5{ .
* g+= .. .. hUufdf vf]nf] k}x|f] nfuL hf“rn] jf ;/sf/L cfb]zn]
lt/f] 36fO{ aGbf]a:t u/]sf]df ;f] hUuf ;fa"b ge} c?n] lt/f] a9] klg kfp“b}g .
hUuf ;fa"b ePkl5 klg ;fa"b lt/f] a'emfPsf] /x]g5 eg] / gof“n] ;sf/ ug{
cfof] eg] ;fa"b lt/f] a'emfpg] u/L gof“nfO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f] hUuf ;fa"b ePsf] b'O{
jif{ 5f]8L kf“r jif{;Ddsf] lt/f] / ;f] lt/f] adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf k'/flgof“nfO{
nfU5 .
( g+= .. .. lagf s;"/ lhDdfjfnL tfn'sbf/L vf]:g x'“b}g .
lhDdfjfnL tfn'sbf/L s]xL kl/jGbn] vfnL ePsf] kfp“ eGg] lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf /
gof“ aGbf]j:t ug'{ k/]df bfdsfd glau|g] w]/}hgf /}tLn] /f]h]sfnfO{ ltg} /f]Hg] /}tL
hdfgL lnO{ c8\8}af6 P]gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ axfnL ;d]t hf] ul/lbg' kg]{ u/L lbg' k5{ .
btf{jfnf tfn'sbf/ lhDdfjfn d/L efuL vfnL ePsf]df p;sf xsjfnfnfO{ lb+bf /
af“sLdf khgL ePsf]df af“sL lt/L ;sf/ ug]{nfO{ axfnL lb+bf ;d]t /}tL /f]hfpg'
kb}{g . bfdsfd glau|g] u/L lbg' k5{ . To;/L lb+bf lt/f] af“sLdf s}b k/]sf]nfO{
eg] lbg x'“b}g .
!) g+= .. .. w]/} 7fp“sf] lhDdfjfnf tfn'sbf/ eO/x]sf dflg;n] ;f]
hfg] s]xL s;"/ u/]sfaf6 Ps 7fp“sf] lhDdfjfnL tfn'sbf/L lemlsg] eof] eg]
To;sf gfp“df bl/Psf] c? 7fp“sf] ;d]t hDd} lhDdfjfnL tfn'sbf/L lemsL P]g
adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . hUuf lt/f] bafPsf] s;"/df ;hfo dfq x'g] tfn'sbf/L
lhDdfjfnL ghfg] Joj:yf ePsf] 7fp“nfO{ afx]s c?sf] xsdf Ps c8\8faf6
s;"/bf/ 7x/L km};nf ePkl5 To;df l/xfO{ geP;Dd To:tf tfn'sbf/
lhDdfjfnnfO{ bfdsfd ul//xg lbg x'“b}g .
!! g+= .. .. hUufsf] bfdsfd ug]{ lhDdfjfn tfn'sbf/ df]xL gfOs]
OToflbx?n] cfkm"n] u/]sf] bfdsfd ug{ ;lSbg egL bz}+sf 6Lsfb]lv >L
k~rdL;Dddf /fhLgfdf u/L 5f8\5' eg] 5f8\g kfp“5 . c8\8faf6 klg /fhLgfdf
u/fO{ p;sf 7fp“df sfd xhf{ x'g gkfpg] u/L sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ csf]{ aGbf]a:t
ug'{ k5{ . Ps} dflg;n] w]/} 7fp“sf] lhDdfjfnL tfn'sL df]xL gfOs] OToflb
lnPsf]df s'g} yfdL s'g} /fhLgfdf u/L 5f8\g eg] kfp“b}g . /fhLgfdf u/L
5f]8\g];“u g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lng' kg]{ af“sL eP sfg"g adf]lhd c;"n u/L lng' k5{ .
!@ g+= .. .. hf“raf6 Psfsf gfp“df bl/Psf 3/jf/Ldf kl5 ltgsf
efO 5f]/f leGg eO{ p;} hUufdf c? 3/ agfO{ a;] eg] csf]{ hf“r geO{ w'/L
lkR5] ;]df{ lng x'“b}g Ps ;]df{ dfq lng' k5{ . ;fpg] kmfu' eg] hlt w'/L 5 plt
3/n] ltg{ k5{ .

(109)
 !# g+= .. .. vf]:g gx'g] vf];L lbg]nfO{ / Psfn] kfpg] csf{nfO{
lbg]nfO{ 3/jf/L jf tfn'sbf/L eP aL; ?k}of“, v]t eP Ps ;fnsf lt/f] adf]lhd
/ x6s dfq ug]{nfO{ c9fO{ ?k}of“ hl/afgf x'G5 . x6s ubf{ af“emf] /xg uof] jf
bfdsfd lau|g uof] eg] ljuf] e/fpg' kg]{df ljuf] e/fO{ ;f] ljuf]sf] ;os8f bz
hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!$ g+= .. .. cfkm"n] gkfpg] hUuf jf tfn'sL kfpg' k5{ eGg]nfO{
tfn'sL kqm]sf]df bz ?k}of“ / hUuf kqm]sf]df kqm]sf hUufsf] df]n ljuf]sf]
;os8f c9fO{ ?k}of“ hl/afgf x'G5 .
!% g+= .. .. h;nfO{ lbg' kg]{ xf] p;nfO{ glbO{ ha/h:tL ug]{nfO{
3/jf/L eP bz ?k}of“ / hUuf eP df]n ljuf]sf] ;os8f kf“r hl/afgf x'G5 .
!^ g+= .. .. lhDdfjf/L tfn'sbf/L a]rlavg lwtf] aGws ;d]t u/L
lng' lbg' u/]sf] ;b/ x'“b}g . p;} ufp“sf /}tLn] /f]h]sfnfO{ lbg' k5{ .
!& g+= .. .. tfn'sbf/n] vfkL vfPsf afx]s Pssf] xssf] hUuf
csf]{n] btf{ u/fPsf]df yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq / c? s'/fdf eP u/]sf]
ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(110)
 dxn !)
hUuf ldRg]sf]
! g+= .. .. Psfsf] xssf] hUuf csf{n] rfkL ldrL 3';fO{ vfg /
;/sf/L hUuf lt/f] gu/L s'g} tj/n] bjfO{ cfkm"n] vfg / csf{nfO{ v'jfpg ;d]t
x'“b}g .
@ g+= .. .. Ps} hUufdf dfemdf vf]nf] k;L jfl/kf/L hUuf eof]
km]/L vf]nfn] 5f]8\of] eg] Tof] vf]nf] lx+8]sf] au/ h;sf] hUuf xf] p;}sf] x'G5 .
vf]nf]n] ;f“wsf] hUufdf htflt/ au/ kf¥of] pt}lt/sfn] cfjfb u/L lt/f]e/f] u/L
vfg kfp“5 . jf/Lsf] au/ kf/L lt/sfn] kf/Lsf] au/ jf/L lt/sfn] cfjfb ug{
kfp“b}g . au/ k/] lt/sfn] cfjfb gu/] c?n] cfjfb u/L lt/f]e/f] u/L vfg x'G5 .
# g+= .. .. b]xfosf] cj:yfdf hUuf bkf]6 7x5{ –– – – – – – –
/}s/ jf c? ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUufnfO{ /fhu'7L jf c? hUuf jf
;fljsb]lvsf] ldGx} 38]/L egL bafO{ jf tL hUufaf6 /}s/ jf c? ;/sf/L jf
;fj{hlgs hUufnfO{ rfkL 3';fO{ vfPsf] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
;fljsb]lvsf] ldGx} 38]/L afx]s s'g} ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUuf btf{ gu/fO{
vfPsf] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –@
Pp6f hUufsf] btf{sf] gftfn] a]btf{sf] ;f“wsf] jf a]un /x]sf] hUuf vfPsf] – – #
#s g+= .. .. b]xfosf] cj:yfdf lt/f] bkf]6 7x5{ – – – – – – – –
;fljs btf{sf] eL7 kfvf] v/af/L jf ldGx} 38]/LnfO{ v]t btf{ gu/fO{ s'nf]
nufO{ v]t cfjfb u/L vfPsf] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
hUuf a];fa"b eO{ ;fljs lt/f] 36fO{ aGbf]a:t ePsf]df hUuf ;fa"b ePkl5
klg hUuf khgLsf] dxnsf] * gDa/ adf]lhd ;fa"b lt/f] gu/L vfPsf] – – – – @
vf]nf] k}x|f] a]sfod eO{ nut sfl6Psf]df hUuf sfod ePkl5 klg btf{ lt/f]
gu/L vfPsf] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
$ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L hUuf s'g} Joxf]/fn] lt/f] glt/L bafO{ vfg]
v'jfpg]nfO{ lt/f] glt/L bafO{ vfP klg ;f] jfkt o;f] ug'{ eGg] lyltsf] ;/sf/L
lnvt eO/x]sf] 7fp“df ;f]xL adf]lhd x'G5 . ;f] gePsf] 7fp“df b]xfodf n]lvP
adf]lhd x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
tfn'sbf/ cfkm}n] hfgL hfgL bafO{ 3';fO{ vfP v'jfPsf] P]g adf]lhdsf] lt/f]sf]
ljuf] lnO{ To;} ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf ;d]t u/L tfn'sbf/Laf6 avf{:t
ul/lbg' k5{ . ljuf] tfn'sbf/n] gvfPsf] /}tLn] vfPsf] eP vfg] /}tLaf6 ljuf]
a'emL lng' k5{ . /}tLaf6 ljuf] ;a} pk/ geP pk/ gePsf] hlt klg To;}
hfgL bafO{ v'jfpg] tfn'sbf/af6} / /}tLn] bafO{ vfPsf] tfn'sbf/n] yfxf

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(111)
gkfPsf] eP P]g adf]lhd nfUg] lt/f] / ;f] lt/f]sf] ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf
;d]t ;f]xL bafO{ vfg]af6 a'emL lng' k5{ –––––––––––––––!
/}tLn] w'/L v8f u/L lt/f] glt/L bafO{ vfPsf] tfn'sbf/nfO{ yfxf geP tfklg
/]vb]v gu/] jfkt tfn'sbf/nfO{ w'/L lkR5] Ps ?k}of“ hl/afgf x'G5 – – – –– @
cfgf] xs gk'Ug] ;/sf/L hUuf b'lgof“sf] lsk6 hUufn] rfkL 3';fO{ vfg]nfO{
p;sf] ;f] lsk6 hUufaf6 ;/sf/L hUuf hlt 3';fO{ rfkL vfPsf] 7x/]sf]5
plt p;sf] ;f]xL lsk6 hUufaf6 ;/sf/L rfk]sf hUufsf] ;f“w cf“7f ldNg]
u/L Ps rSnf kf/L s§f u/L ;f] s§f eO{ cfPsf] lsk6 hUuf / rfkL 3';fO{
vfPsf] ;/sf/L hUuf ;d]t lemsL P]g adf]lhd lt/f] 7]sL ;/sf/L /}s/
nutdf r9fO{ o;} dxnsf] ^ gDa/df n]lvPsf] /Lt;“u vfg kfpg]sf gfp“df
btf{ ul/lbg' k5{ . hUuf s§f ubf{ rfkL vfPsf] hUuf hlt lsk6af6 gk'Ug]
x'g cfPdf gk'u hlt hUufsf] P]g adf]lhd nfUg] lt/f] lng' k5{ . hl/afgf
nfUb}g df]xLn] rfk]sf] wgLn] yfxf gkfPsf]df / u'7L hUufaf6 ;/sf/L hUuf
rfkL vfPsf]df ;d]t hUuf s§f x'“b}g . lt/f] lnO{ df]xLn] rfk]sf]df Ps ;fnsf
wgL af]6L adf]lhd hl/afgf u/L / u'7L hUufn] rfk]sf]df rfKg]af6 ;f]
hUufsf] lt/f] / lt/f]sf] ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf u/L ;f“w ;RofO{ lbg' k5{– – – #
% g+= .. .. ;/sf/L hUuf bafO{ jf rfkL vfg]nfO{ vfg]sf] hLp 5b}
gfln; k/L rfkL jf bafO{ vfPsf] 7x/]df ;f] rfkL jf bafO{ vfPsf] hUufsf]
lt/f]sf] ljuf] lng' kbf{ bz jif{eGbf a9L ;fnsf] vfPsf] ePklg bz jif{sf] dfq /
36L eP hlt ;fn bafO{ vfPsf] 7x/]sf]5 plt ;fnsf] lng' k5{ . rfkL jf bafO{
vfg] d/L p;sf 5f]/f gflt xsbf/n] d'2f ;sf/ u/]df jf bafO{ rfkL vfg] d/L
p;sf 5f]/f gflt xsbf/ jf hUuf sdfO{ vfO{ /xg]sf gfp“df gfln; k/L d'2f
km};nf ePdf ;d]t b'O{ jif{b]lv a9L bafO{ rfkL vfPsf] ePklg b'O{ jif{sf] dfq
ljuf] lng' k5{ .
^ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L hUuf rfkL ldrL bafO{ vfPsf] 7x/L lsk6af6
s§f eO{ / bafO{ rfk]sf] 7x/L lemlsg] / tfn'sbf/L ;d]t lbg]df bafP tfklg
hUuf tfn'sbf/L ghfg] ;/sf/L lnvt eO/x]sf] 7fp“df ;f] adf]lhd x'G5 . ;f]
gePsf] 7fp“df b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd u/L lt/f] 7]sL btf{ u/L lbg' k5{ – – – –
lsk6af6 ldrL vfPsf] 7x/]sf]df ;f] lsk6af6 s§f ePsf] / lt/f] e/f] gu/L
bafO{ vfPsf]af6 btf{ x'g cfPsf] hUufdf c?n] sdfO{ vfPsf] hUuf hlt ;f]xL
sdfO{ vfg]s} gfddf btf{ u/L tfn'sbf/L;Dd hfx]/jfnfnfO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f]
afx]s ldrL bafO{ hUuf vfO/xg] cfkm}n] sdfO{ vfPsf] hlt hUufsf] hDdf
dWo] lsk6af6 s§L e} cfPhlt hDd} / ldr]sf] ;/sf/L hUufdf cfwL ;d]t
;f] ldrL vfg]sf gfddf / ;f] ldrL vfPsf] ;/sf/L hUuf dWo]sf] cfwL / c?
lt/f] e/f] gu/L bafO{ vfPsf]af6 btf{ x'g cfPsf]df ;d]t cfwf hfx]/jfnfsf
gfp“df / cfwf ;f] lt/f] e/f] gu/L vfO/xg]sf gfp“df / tfn'sbf/n] bafO{
vfg] v'jfpg] s;"/ u/]sf]df To;sf] tfn'sbf/L ;d]t hf/]xjfnfs} gfp“df btf{
u/L lbg' k5{ . === === – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

(112)
dfly ! bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd hfx]/jfnfnfO{ / hUuf vfO/xg]nfO{ ;d]t u/L
hUuf 5'6\ofO{ lb+bf ;f] hUuf vfO/xg]n] 3/jf/L u/L vfO{ cfPsf] /x]5 eg]
p;n] kfpg] hUuf hlt To;}sf] 3/ kfos ldNg] u/L Ps} rSnf kg]{ u/L /
3/jf/L u/L a;]sf] gePklg b'j}nfO{ Ps rSnf kg]{ u/L rSnf ldnfO{ 5'6\ofO{
lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
& g+= .. .. === === ===
* g+= .. .. kf]n ph"/ u/L ;fljt u/fO{ lbg] hfx]/jfnfnfO{ P]gn]
tfn'sL kfpg]df tfn'sbf/L lb+bf /}tL /f]hfO{ w]/} /}tLn] /f]h] sfg"g adf]lhd
sa'lnot u/fO{ bfdsfd glau|g] u/L tfn'sbf/L lbg' k5{ . /}tL /f]hfp“bf s;}n]
klg /f]h]g jf /f]Hg] eGbf g/f]Hg] w]/} eof] eg] tfn'sbf/L kfp“b}g . b08 ;hfosf]
dxnsf] %) gDa/ adf]lhd x'G5 .
( g+= .. .. sfg"g adf]lhd /f]Ssf ePsf] hUuf km's'jf ge} cfÇgf]
xs k'Ug] ePklg csf{nfO{ s]xL Joxf]/fn] lbg / lng]n] klg hfgL hfgL lng x'“b}g .
lbP lnPsf] eP ab/ x'G5 .
!) g+= .. .. ;/sf/L hUuf jf lt/f] bafO{ vfof] v'jfof] eGg] ;d]t
gfn]; k/]df / b'lgof“ b'lgof“sf] hUufdf t]/f] d]/f] eGg] gfn]; ph"/ k/L emu8f
k/]df ;d]t ;f] dfdnf gl5gL ;f] emu8f k/]sf] hUufsf] afnL s;}nfO{ vfg lbg
e/fpg ;d]t x'“b}g . d'2f gl5g'GHofn ;fn ;fnsf] afnL b]xfodf n]lvP
adf]lhdsf] lx;fa;“u /f]Ssf u/L OG;fkm ug'{ k5{ . d'2f l5lgPkl5 xs k'Ug]nfO{
km's'jf / c8\8fdf w/f}6L /x]sf] lbg' kg]{ ;d]t P]g adf]lhd hf] ug'{ kg]{ 7x5{ ;f]
adf]lhd u/L lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
dfly n]lvP adf]lhd gfn]; ph"/ kg{ cfPkl5 k|ltjfbL kg]{ cj:yf;Dddf ;f]
hUufsf] afnL kfsL tof/ gx'g] ePdf k|ltjfbL k/]kl5 / k|ltjfbL kg]{
cj:yfb]lv cufj} afnL kfsL tof/ x'g] cj:yf ePdf k|ltjfbL gkb}{df ePklg
t'?Gt ;f] 7fp“sf ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsf, lhldbf/, tfn'sbf/ hf] 5g\
pgsf gfp“df jfbL k|ltjfbL b'j} y/ eP b'a} y/nfO{ / b'a} y/ gePdf klg
pgsf Psf3/sf ;f]x| jif{ gf3]sf hxfg xsbf/x? ;d]t / pgLx? klg sf]xL
geP gcfPdf ;f“w ;+lwof/ enfb\dL ;d]t /fvL sf6L ef“rL r'6L df8L hf]v
tf}n dfgf kfly ;d]t hf] ug'{ k5{ u/L b'a} y/ emul8ofn] kTofPsf]df p;}sf]
/ To:tf] gePdf cfkm"n] kTofPsf] dfyj/ dflg;sf] lhDdf nufO{ P]g adf]lhd
/Ltk"j{ssf] ;xL5fk k/]sf] tLg k|lt sfuh v8f u/L Ps k|lt c8\8fdf k7fO{
lbg' Ps k|lt /f]Ssf /fVg];“u Ps k|lt lhDdf lng];“u /fVg' r}q kGw|
ut];Dddf klg km's'jfsf] hgfp cfPg eg] a;] b'a} y/ emul8of ;d]t /fvL /
ga;]df c? enfbdL /fvL ufp“ ahf/df rn]sf] b/ efpn] laqmL u/L gubL
kf/L ;f] hUufdf nfu]sf] lt/f] a'emfpg' kg]{ ;d]t eP ;f] 7fp“df a'emfO{ af“sL
c8\8fdf bflvn ug{ Nofpg' egL /f]Ssf ug]{ k"hL{ k7fpg' k5{ . ;f] k"hL{
a'lemlng]n] klg n]lvP adf]lhd /f]Ssf u/L c8\8fdf a'emfO{ e/kfO{ lng' k5{ – !

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(113)
dfly ! bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd u/L /f]Ssf ubf{ /}s/ hUuf jf lt/f] bafO{
3';fO{ vfof] v'jfof] eGg] gfln; kg{ cfPsf]df lt/f] 7]lsPsf] eP ;f] lt/f]
adf]lhd / lt/f] 7]lsPsf]df klg s]xL sf/0fn] ldgfxf df]h/f x'g] ePsf]df /
lt/f] g7]lsPsf]df ;d]t p7\tL pAhgLsf] cfwf / kfvfdf eP ;]/dfaf6 ufp“
ahf/df rn]sf b/n] v/Lb ug{ kfpg] hlt afnL / hUufsf] wgL wgLsf]
emu8f k/]df wgL af]6L / df]xLsf] emu8f k/]df df]xL af]6L ;d]tdf jfbL
k|ltjfbLdf Ps hgfn] jf pgfp jf tfn'sbf/n] ;d]t h;n] sdfPsf]5 p;nfO{
cfwf afnL 5'6\ofO{ lbO{ cfwf afnL;Dd /f]Ssf /fVg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – @
d'2f k/]sf] hUufsf] gfln; k/]sf ;fnsf] afnL emul8ofn] g} nufPsf]df o;n]
afnL nufPsf] xf] egL 5'l§g g;sL afnL nufPs} s'/fdf b'O{ y/ emul8ofsf]
s'/f gldnL aflemg cfof] eg] ;f] ;fnsf] hDd} afnL /f]Ssf u/L km};nf x'“bf
h;n] afnL nufPsf] 7x5{ p;}nfO{ cfwf afnL lbnfO{ bL af“sL cfwf lhTg]nfO{
km's'jf ug'{ jf e/fpg' k5{ –––––––– –––––#
dfly n]lvP adf]lhd d'2f k/]df ;f] hUuf sdfpgnfO{ jfbL k|ltjfbLdf h;n]
sdfpg /f]H5 p;}nfO{ / b'a}n] /f]h]df d'2f k/]sf] ;fn h;n] sdfPsf]5
p;}nfO{ / b'a}n] sa'n gu/]sf]df pgfp dflg;nfO{ ePklg ;f] 7fp“sf /f]Ssf
lhDdf lng]n] aGbf]a:t u/L d'2f km};nf geP;Dd hUuf sdfpg nfpg' k5{ .
;f] adf]lhd gu/L hUuf af“emf] /≈of] eg] To;} /f]Ssf lhDdf lng]n] ltg'{ k5{ – – $
dfly ! bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd /f]Ssf ePsf] hUufsf] d'2f cflv/L 6'·f] nfuL
km};nf ePkl5 /f]Ssf ug]{ c8\8fn] xs k'Ug]nfO{ ;/sf/L c;"n ug'{ kg]{ eP
c;"n u/L af“sL ;f] /f]Ssf afnL a'emfO{ lbg / lbg nfpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – %
/f]Ssf ug'{ kg]{df d'2f k/]sf c8\8faf6 dfly n]lvP adf]lhd /f]Ssfsf] k"hL{
u/L k7fP kl5 ;f] k"hL{ a'lemlng] ;d]tn] /f]Ssf gubf{ xs gk'Ug]n] jfnL
vfPsf]df xs k'Ug]n] ;f] afnL vfg]af6 P]g adf]lhd u/L ln+bf pk/ ePg eg]
;f] pk/ gePsf] hlt /f]Ssf lhDdf lng]n] ltg'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – ^
c8\8faf6 /f]Ssf ug]{ k"hL{ klg u/L lbPsf] / ;f] k"hL{ a'lemlng]n] klg /f]Ssf
u/L lhDdf klg nufPsf] lhDdfjf/L lng]n] dfq df;L vfPsf]df b'j} y/
emul8ofn] kTofPsf] dflg;sf] lhDdf nufPsf] To;}n] df;L vfPsf] /x]5 eg]
To;}af6 P]g adf]lhd u/L ljuf] e/fO{ ljuf]sf] ;os8f aL;sf b/n] hl/afgf
;d]t ug'{ k5{ . To:tfdf pk/ gePsf]df lhDdf nfpg];“u bfjf u/L lng
kfp“b}g . b'a} y/n] g/f]h]sf] dflg; lhDdf nufPsf] / To;}n] df;L vfPsf]df
;f] df;L vfg]af6 P]g adf]lhd e/L e/fp u/L lng' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd e/L
e/fp u/fp“bf k'u]g eg] / lghnfO{ lhDdf nufp“bf ;f] lhDdf nufpg]n]
ablgotsf;fy lhDdf nufPsf] 7x¥of] eg] ;f] gk'u hlt ;f] lhDdf
nufpg]af6 c;"n pk/ u/L lng' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – &
of] gDa/ adf]lhd /f]Ssf lhDdf /x]sf]df /f]Ssf lhDdf lng]n] bflvn u/]sf]
cfo:tf p7\tLsf] ;os8f kf“rsf b/n] lghn] kfl/>ldssf] ?kdf vfg kfp“5 .
;f] s6fO{ af“sL bflvn ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – *

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(114)
 !! g+= .. .. hUufdf d'2f k/L /f]Ssf ePsf] afnL xs k'Ug]nfO{
km's'jf u/L lb+bf jf gub kf/L c8\8}df /x]sf] lb+bf ;d]t bzf}+b nfUb}g .
!@ g+= .. .. Psfn] vghf]t u/]sf] hUufdf xf];\ aLh nufO{;s]sf]df
xf];\ csf{sf] aLh pN6fO{ vghf]t ug{ klg x'“b}g . aLh ld;fld; ug{ klg x'“b}g .
csf{n] nfPsf] afnL n'6L ha/h:tL u/L lng klg x'“b}g . gfln; u/L xs a]xs
5'6\ofO{ dfq lng x'G5 .
!# g+= .. .. hUufsf] afnL e/fpg' kbf{ :yfgLo enfb\dL / ;+lwof/
a'emL d'r'Nsf lnO{ To; hUufsf] pAhgL af“wL afnL e/fpg' k5{ .
!$ g+= .. .. cfÇgf] xs gk'Ug] hUufnfO{ d]/f] egL kqmg]nfO{ jf
csf{sf] hUufnfO{ ha/h:tL u/L sAhf ug]{nfO{ hUufsf] df]n ljuf]sf] ;os8f
c9fO{ ?k}of“sf] b/n] hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!% g+= .. .. cfÇgf] xs gk'Ug] hUufdf s]xL s'/f u/L afnL
laufl/lbg x'“b}g .
!^ g+= .. .. afnLdf b}jL k/]df ;f] hUufsf] lt/f] a'emfpg' kg]{
7fp“df sfg"gsf Dofbleq b/vf:t ph"/ u/L hf“r u/fpg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd gu/L
afnL sf6]sf] eP b}jL k¥of] egL s"t lt/f] ldgfxf kfpg ;Sb}g .
!& g+= .. .. hUufdf b}jL k/L s"t lt/f] ;fa"b gp7\g] eof] eGg
cfof] eg] lalu|Psf hUufsf] ;fa"b s"t lt/f] a'emfpg} k5{ eGg x'“b}g . ldgfxf lbO{
jf clwof u/L lng' k5{ .
!* g+= .. .. /f]Ssf ePsf] hUuf lnP lbPsf] / hUuf bkf]6 jf lt/f]

bkf]6 u/]sf] s'/fdf afx]s c? hUufsf] s'/fdf yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq
s"t afnLsf] s'/fdf tLg jif{leq / hUufsf] emu8f k/]sf] afnLsf] xsdf hUufsf]
xs 5'l§O{ clGtd lsgf/f ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq gfn]; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(115)
 dxn !!
3/ agfpg]sf]
! g+= .. .. 3/ agfp“bf cfgf] xs gk'Ug] hUuf ldrL 3/ agfpg
x'“b}g . 3/ agfp“bf an]gL csf{sf hUufdf k/] hUuf wgLn] /f]Sg x'“b}g . hUuf
wgLn] To;} hUufdf tnf p7fof] jf 3/ agfof] eg] Tof] an]gL sf6L agfpg kfp“5 .
sf6\g glbO{ /f]Sg x'“b}g .
@ g+= .. .. 3/ agfp“bf ;8s 9n ldrL agfpg x'“b}g . d"n
af6f]df kfgL v:g] u/L 8"+8 /fVg klg x'“b}g .
# g+= .. .. cl3b]lv rnL cfPsf] jf lbO{ cfPsf 7fp“sf] lgsf;
s;}n] y'Gg x'“b}g . cl3b]lv grn]sf] jf lbO{ gcfPsf 7fp“df ha/h:tL u/L lng,
rng ug{ klg x'“b}g .
$ g+= .. .. cfÇgf] xs gk'u]sf] hUufdf xf];\ jf emu8f kl//x]sf]
hUufdf xf];\ To:tf hUufdf 3/ agfpg' x'“b}g . ha/h:tL 3/ agfPdf ;f]
agfPsf] 3/sf] k~rs[lt df]n hUufwgLaf6 lnO{ 3/ 5f8\g' jf 3/ eTsfO{ 5
dlxgfleq nuL hUuf vfnL u/L lbg' k5{ . hUuf wgLn] k~rs[lt df]n lt/L lng
d~h'/ gu/L jf 3/ agfpg]n] k~rs[lt df]n lnO{ lbg d~h'/ gu/L 3/} eTsfO{
nu]df hUuf wgLnfO{ 3/sf] k~rs[lt df]nsf] ;os8f kf“r 3/ agfpg]n] lbg' k5{ .
5 dlxgfleq 3/ eTsfO{ nu]g eg] Dofb gf3]kl5 ;f] 3/ eTsfO{ nUg kfp“b}g
hUufsf wgLsf] x'G5 . P]g adf]lhd gS;f kf; u/L agfpg' kg]{ 7fp“df gS;f kf;
e} hu xfnL agfpg z'? ePsf] 3/ agfpg] sfd /f]Ssf ug{ x'“b}g .
% g+= .. .. s'g} Joxf]/fn] dflg; a:g gx'g] u/L 3/ eTsg nfu]sf]
jf eTs]sf] ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] b]v]df jf hfx]/ ug{ cfPdf hf“Rbf 7x/]df jiff{
rf/ dlxgf afx]s cl3 kl5 3/sf wgLsf gfp“df ;f] wdL/f nfuL eTs]sf] 3/n]
c? 3/sf] klg gf]S;fgL ug]{ x'gfn] cfhsf 5 dlxgfleq ;kmfO{ u/fO{ 3/ agfpg'
eGg] k"hL{ 6f“;L lbg' k5{ / Dofbleq agfPg eg] Dofb gf3]kl5 ;f] 3/ af/L
;d]tsf] k~rs[lt df]n u/fO{ Dofb 6f“;L a9fa9 u/fO{ h;sf gfp“df vtd x'G5
p;af6 cfPsf] df]n ;f] 3/jf/L hUufsf] xs k'Ug]nfO{ lbnfO{ lbg' k5{ .
^ g+= .. .. kfsf] O{6sf] jf 9'·fsf] ufx|f] nufO{ h];'s} 5fgf u/L /
5fgf gxfn] klg O{6 kTy/ ah| 7f]sL d'+8f u/L agfPsf] 3/ kSsL / n]lvP afx]s
c? lsl;d;“u agfPsf] 3/ sRrL x'G5 .
& g+= .. .. /}s/ /fhu'7L u}x|df ag]sf csf{sf 3/ k;n OToflbdf
axfn ltg]{ u/L jf gltg]{ u/L To;} a:g]n] hUuf sdfpg] df]xLof ;/x s'g}
Joxf]/f;“u c?nfO{ lbg lng / tL axfndf a:g]sf] ;j{:j hfohft x'“bf klg
axfndf a;]sf] 3/ k;nx? hfg ;St}g .
* g+= .. .. 3/ k;nsf wgLn] axfn lng] u/L jf glng] u/L cfÇg"
3/ k;ndf c?nfO{ a:g lb+bf Dofb ls6L lnvt u/L u/fO{ a:g lbPsf]df lnvt}

(116)
adf]lhd x'G5 . aLrdf p7fpg x'“b}g . o; avt 5f8L lbg' eGg] zt{ gu/L
a;]sfnfO{ eg] kf“r jif{;Dd p7fpg x'“b}g . wgL xsbf/ cfkm"x? g} a:gnfO{ rflxg]
eof] jf axfndf a:g]n] 3/ k;nsf] wgLsf lj?4 g}lts ktg b]lvg] s'g} kmf}hbf/L
ck/fw u/]sf] 7x¥of] eg] lnvt ePklg p7fpg kfp“5 . cfkm"x? a:gnfO{ egL
axfgf u/L jf cQf] nufO{ p7fpg / c?nfO{ /fVg eg] kfp“b}g . cfkm"x? a:gnfO{
egL p7fO{ k7fPsf tLg jif{leq c?nfO{ /fv]df ;f] /fv]sf ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq
cl3 a:g]n] a:g kfp“ egL ph"/ u/] p;}nfO{ a:g lbg' k5{ .
( g+= .. .. 3/ k;naf6 al;/x]sf dflg;nfO{ s'g} Joxf]/fn]
p7fpg kg]{ ePdf k}+tL; lbg cufj} 3/ k;n 5f8L vfnL u/L lbg' egL hgfp
lbO{ dfq p7fpg' k5{ . n]lvPsf Dofb cufj} hgfp glbO{ To;} p7fpg x'“b}g .
!) g+= .. .. 9n ldrL 3/ agfpg]nfO{ To;}sf] vr{af6 ;f] ldr]sf]
9n agfpg nufO{ To;} vr{sf] ljuf]sf] ;os8f bz hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!! g+= .. .. hUuf ldrL 3/ agfPsf]df 3/ t}of/ ePsf] ldltn] Ps
jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

(117)
 dxn !@
nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf]
! g+= .. .. ljxfj/Lsf] dxnsf] @ gDa/sf] ( bkmfdf jf $
gDa/df n]lvPsf] / b]xfosf] cj:yfdf afx]s nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf] ;DaGw ljR5]b x'g
;Sb}g . To:tf] cj:yf k/L ;DaGw ljR5]b ug'{ k/]df klg sf/0f vf]nL lgj]bg u/L
c8\8faf6 lg0f{o ePkl5 ;f] lg0f{o adf]lhd dfq ;DaGw ljR5]b x'g ;Qm5 –
:jf:gLn] nf]Ug]nfO{ lghsf] d~h'/L a]u/ nuftf/ tLg jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L
;dob]lv 5f]8L cnu a:g] u/]df jf nf]Ug]sf] Hofg hfg], c·e· x'g] jf c?
s'g} 7"nf] zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s si6 x'g] lsl;dsf] sfd jf hfn k|k~r
u/]df jf :jf:gLnfO{ lgsf] gx'g] of}g ;DaGwL s'g} /f]u nfu]df jf
================= :jf:gLn] k/k'?if;“u s/0fL u/fPsf] 7x/]df To:tL :jf:gLl;t
nf]Ug]n] cfgf] ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{ kfp“5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
nf]Ug]n] c? :jf:gL NofPdf jf /fv]df jf :jf:gLnfO{ 3/af6 lgsfn]df jf vfg
nfpg glbPdf jf :jf:gLsf] vf]h va/ glnO{ x]/ljrf/ g/fvL nuftf/ tLg
jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;dob]lv :jf:gLnfO{ 5f]8L cnu a:g] u/]df jf :jf:gLsf]
Hofg hfg], c·e· x'g] jf c? s'g} 7"nf] zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s si6 x'g]
lsl;dsf] sfd jf hfn k|k~r u/]df jf nf]Ug] gk'+;s x'g uPdf jf
nf]Ug]nfO{ lgsf] gx'g] of}g ;DaGwL s'g} /f]u nfu]df jf nf]Ug]n] k/:qL;“u s/0fL
u/]sf] 7x/]df jf ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] dxnsf] # gDa/sf] bkmf ^ adf]lhd
nf]Ug]n] :jf:gLnfO{ ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] 7x/]df To:tf] nf]Ug]l;t :jf:gLn]
cfgf] ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{ kfp“5] ––––––––––––––––@
n]lvP afx]s c? cj:yfdf b'a} y/Lsf] d~h'/L ePdf nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf] ;DaGw
ljR5]b ug{ x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
!s g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] ! gDa/sf] ! bkmf adf]lhd ;DaGw
ljR5]b ug{ rfxg] kIfn] jf # bkmf adf]lhd b'a}sf] d~h'/Ln] ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{
rfx]df nf]Ug] :jf:gL b'a}n] ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf lgj]bg ug'{
kg]{5 / ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfn] klg b'a}yl/nfO{ e/;s ;DemfO{ a'emfO{
d]nldnfk u/fO{ lbg' k5{ . To;/L ;Demfp“bf a'emfp“bf klg d]nldnfk x'g g;s]df
/ ljjfx sfod /fVg'eGbf ;DaGw ljR5]b u/fpg' >]o ePdf lgj]bg k/]sf] Ps

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f yk .
 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(118)
jif{leq cfÇgf] /fo ;d]t ;+nUg u/L k|fKt lgj]bg ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{ clwsf/
ePsf] ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntdf k7fpg' k5{ .

@ g+= .. .. :jf:gLn] csf]{;“u ljjfx u/]df To:tf] nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf]
;DaGw :jtM ljR5]b x'G5 .
 # g+= .. .. P]g adf]lhd nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf] ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf]
ldltn] b'O{;o axQ/ lbgleq hGd]sf] ;Gtfg cGoyf k|dfl0ft gePdf ;f] ;DaGw
ljR5]b ePsf] nf]Ug]s} ;Gtfg 7x5{ . To:tf ;Gtfg / kf“r jif{ gk'u]sf jf kf“r
jif{b]lv dflysf gfafns kfNg] ljifodf b]xfo adf]lhd x'G5 – – – – – – – – – –
gfafnsnfO{ cfdfn] cfkm} kfNg rfx]df lgh}n] / lghn] kfNg grfx]df afa'n]

kfNg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
=================== – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – @

o; gDa/sf] ! ======== bkmfdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cfdf afa'

b'j}sf] d~h'/L ePdf To:tf] gfafnsnfO{ cfdf afa'dWo] s'g}n] jf cfnf] kfnf]
u/L kfNg kfp“5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
cfdf afa'dWo] hf];'s}n] kfn] klg gfafnssf] clxt x'g] cj:yf jf To:tf]
clxt x'g] dgfl;a cfz°f gePdf kfNg] cfdf afa'n] gkfNg] cfdf jf afa'nfO{
aLr aLrdf gfafns;“u e]63f6 ug]{ df}sf lbg' k5{ . To:tf] df}sf csf]{
ljjfx ug]{ cfdfn] klg kfp“5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
cfdfn] kfNbf afa'n] cfÇgf] OHht cfdb cg';f/ gfafnsnfO{ vfg, nfpg,
lzIff / cf}iflw pkrf/ ;d]tsf] dgfl;a vr{ lbg' k5{ . cfdfn] gkfnL afa'n]
To:tf] gfafns kfn]sf] /x]5 / afa'eGbf cfdfsf] cfo:tf a9L /x]5 eg]
c8\8fn] cj:yf ljrf/ u/L cfb]zåf/f tf]lslbP adf]lhd To:tf] :jf:gLdflg;n]
klg gfafnssf] vfg, nfpg, lzIff / cf}iflw pkrf/sf] vr{ Joxf]g'{ k5{ – – – %
$ g+= .. .. ;f;' ;;'/f ;d]t e} jf nf]Ugn] dfq vfg nfpg glbO{
3/af6 lgsfnf u/]sf] jf ======== s'6kL6 u/L b'Mv lbg] u/]sf] jf nf]Ug]n] c?
:jf:gL NofP jf /fv]sf]df To:tL :jf:gLn] nf]Ug]sf] c+zaf6 cfÇgf] c+z 5'6 \ofO{
lng kfp“5] . To:tL :jf:gLdflg; d/]df jf lghn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]df p;n]
vfO{nfO{ af“sL /x] hlt xsjfnfsf] x'G5 . ;f;" ;;'/fn] dfq lgsfnf u/]sf]df
OHht cfdb cg';f/ vfg nfpg lbg' k5{ .

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(119)
 
$s= g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] ! gDa/ adf]lhd nf]Ug] / :jf:gLsf]
;DaGw ljR5]b x'g] ePdf cbfntn] lghx?aLr c+za08f ug{ nufP/ dfq ;DaGw
ljR5]b x'g] lg0f{o ug'{ k5{ . ;DaGw ljR5]b x'g] nf]Ug]dflg;n] g} c+z lnO{ g;s]sf]
cj:yfdf cbfntn] tfobftL dfu u/L c+lzof/x?aLr c+za08f ug{ cfb]z lbO{
To:tf] nf]Ug]dflg;sf] efudf kg]{ c+z / ;f] c+zaf6 ;DaGw ljR5]b ug]{
:jf:gLdflg;n] kfpg] c+zsf] cGhfd u/L c+za08f geP;Ddsf] nflu To:tL
:jf:gLdflg;sf] hLljsfsf] lgldQ dfl;s ?kn] vr{ e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . c+za08f
e};s]kl5 ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsL :jf:gLdflg;sf] c+zdf k/]sf] ;DklQdf lghsf]
xs x'g]5 . To:tL :jf:gLdflg;n] csf]{ ljjfx gu/]df jf csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]
ePklg s'g} ;Gtfg gePdf lghsf] z]ifkl5 lghn] kfPsf] To:tf] ;DklQ cl3Nnf]
nf]Ug]kl§sf ;Gtfg eP To:tf ;Gtfgn] / To:tf ;Gtfg geP cl3Nnf] nf]Ug]n]
kfpg]5 .

$v= g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] $s= gDa/df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg ;DaGw ljR5]b x'g] :jf:gLdflg;n] c+z glnO{ ;f] afkt nf]Ug];“u jflif{s jf
dfl;s vr{ e/fO{ lng rfx]df cbfntn] To:tL :jf:gLdflg;nfO{ nf]Ug]sf] ;DklQ /
cfo:tfsf] cfwf/df jflif{s jf dfl;s vr{ e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . nf]Ug]n] To:tf] vr{
To:tL :jf:gLdflg;n] csf]{ ljjfx gu/];Dd dfq eg'{ k5{ .

$u= g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] ! gDa/ adf]lhd ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf]df
bkmf $s= adf]lhd a08f ug'{ kg]{ s'g} ;DklQ geO{ nf]Ug]af6 c+z gkfPsL
:jf:gLdflg;n] nf]Ug]af6 vfg nfpg vr{ e/fpg rfx]df / To:tf] nf]Ug]sf]
cfDbfgL cfo:tf ePdf cbfntn] To:tL :jf:gLdflg;nfO{ nf]Ug]sf] cfo:tfsf]
cfwf/df vfg nfpg vr{ e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . nf]Ug]n] To:tf] vr{ To:tL
:jf:gLdflg;n] csf]{ ljjfx gu/];Ddsf] nflu dfq eg'{ k5{ .
% g+= .. .. dlxnfsf] bfOhf], k]jf jf :qL c+zwgsf] ;DklQ df:bf
c+z geO{ Psf3/;“u a;]sf c? c+lzof/x? ;d]t /x]5g\ eg] pd]/ k'u]sf] ;a}
c+lzof/x?sf] d~h'/Lsf] lnvt ePdf jf To:tf] lnvt geP klg lghx?sf]
;xdlt adf]lhd To:tf] ;DklQ dfl;Psf] k|dfl0ft ePdf ;f] df;]sf] bfOhf], k]jf
jf :qL c+zwgsf] ;DklQ n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] dxn adf]lhd ;a} c+lzof/x?sf]
uf]Zjf/f wgaf6 ;f]wegf{ x'g ;S5 .
%s= g+= .. .. s;};“u cfgf] gftf ;DaGw sfod u/fO{ dfUg gfln;

ug{ x'G5 . gfafns eP c? xsjfnfn] ;d]t To:tf] gfafnssf] gftf ;DaGw

sfod u/fO{ dfUg gfln; ug{ x'G5 .
^ g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] ! gDa/df n]lvPsf] / hf/Lsf] s'/f afx]s
c? s'/fdf eP u/]sf ldltn] Ps jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(120)
 dxn !#
c+z a08fsf]
 ! g+= .. .. ============ c+za08f ubf{ o; dxnsf cGo
gDa/x?sf] cwLgdf /xL afa', cfdf, nf]Ug], :jf:gL, 5f]/f, 5f]/Lx?sf] hLohLo}sf]
c+z ug'{ k5{ .

!s= g+= .. .. =============
@ g+= .. .. o; dxndf cGoyf n]lvPdf afx]s o;} dxnsf] !
gDa/ adf]lhd c+za08f ubf{ c+z kfpg] ;a}sf] a/fa/ c+z ug'{ k5{ .
# g+= .. .. ;“u a;]sf bfh'efO tyf lbbL alxgLsf 5f]/f 5f]/Lx?df
cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] afa' jf cfdfsf] dfq c+z x'G5 .
$ g+= .. .. of] gDa/ k|f/De x'b“ fsf avt s;}sf PseGbf a9L
:jf:gL dfq /x]5g\ eg] ;a} :jf:gLn] cfkm\gf nf]Ug]sf] c+z P]g adf]lhd af“8L vfg
kfp“5g\ .
% g+= .. .. c+z gx'“b} nf]Ug] jf afa' d/]df lghn] kfpg] c+z :jf:gL
jf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] kfp“5g\ .
%s= g+= .. .. ljxfj/Lsf] dxn adf]lhd ljjfx ab/ ePsf]df
To:tf bDktLaf6 hlGdPsf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] lghx?af6 c+z kfp“5g\ .
^ g+= .. .. ==============
& g+= .. .. s'g} vf; nf]Ug] gt'NofO{ a;]sL :jf:gLaf6 hGd]sf
;Gtfgn] afa'sf] 7]ufg gnfu]df cfdfsf] ;DklQdf dfq c+z kfp“5g\ .
* g+= .. .. =================
( g+= .. .. =================
!) g+= .. .. afa' cfdfsf] hLp 5p~h]n c+z lbg 5f]/f5f]/Ln] afa'
cfdfnfO{ jfWo u/fpg ;Sg] 5}gg\ . d clxn] 5'l§Gg eGg] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{
afa'cfdfn] s/ nufO{ 5'6\ofpg klg x'“b}g . :jf:gLn] klg nf]Ug]sf] hLp 5p~h]n
nf]Ug]sf] d~h'/L ljgf c+z lnO{ 5'l§g kfp“lbg . nf]Ug] jf afa' cfdfn] :jf:gL jf
5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ OHht cfdb cg';f/ vfg, nfpg / cfjZostf cg';f/ plrt lzIff

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f vf/]h .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

(121)
lbIff / :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ug'{ k5{ . ;f] gu/] c+z lbg' k5{ . nf]Ug]
:jf:gLsf] $ gDa/df n]lvPsf] s'/fdf eg] ;f]xL adf]lhd x'G5 .
!)s= g+= .. .. … … …
!)v= g+= .. .. P]g adf]lhd afa' cfdf 5f]/f5f]/Lx?sf] c+za08f
ubf{ afa' cfdf s'g} 5f]/f jf 5f]/L;“u a:g rfx]df ;f] s'/f a08fkqdf g} v'nfpg'
k5{ / To:tf] 5f]/f jf 5f]/Ln] afa' cfdfnfO{ ;“u /fvL x]/rfx ug'{ k5{ . a[4 afa'
cfdfsf] cfgf] cfo:tfn] g} vfg nfpg gk'u] jf x]/rfx ug{ ;“u a;]sf 5f]/f jf
5f]/L jf 5f]/fsf] 5f]/f sf]xL geP leGg a;]sf 5f]/f jf 5f]/Ln] klg cfÇgf] OHht
cfdb cg';f/ vfg nfpg lbO{ x]/rfx u/L /fVg' k5{ .
!)u= g+= .. .. km};nf adf]lhd c+z, /sd jf vr{ kfpg] ePsL
:jf:gLdflg;n] c+z, /sd jf vr{ gkfPdf ;f] Joxf]/f v'nfO{ d'2f l5Gg] c8\8fdf
b/vf:t lbPdf kIfx? pxL /x]5g\ eg] c8\8fn] c+z, /sd jf vr{ glbg]nfO{ kf“r
xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf Ps dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo u/L km};nf
adf]lhd oyfzSo l56f] c+z, /sd jf vr{ lbnfO{ lbg' k5{ .
!! g+= .. .. c+z lnO{ a]Un} ePkl5 cfÇgf] / sf]xL :jf:gL,
5f]/f5f]/Lsf] c+z ;d]t ld;fO{ ;“u /fv]sf] /x]5 eg] kl5 c? :jf:gL Nofof] jf
5f]/f 5f]/L hGd] eg] ;“u a;]sfx?sf] c+z hLpgL hDdf u/L ;“u a;]sf / kl5
NofP hGd]sf :jf:gL, 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ P]g adf]lhd c+z u/L lbg' k5{ . cfÇgf] c+z
lnO{ a]Un} ePkl5 csf]{ :jf:gL Nofof] jf 5f]/f 5f]/L hGd] eg] kl5 NofP
hGd]sf]n] nf]Ug] jf afa'sf] c+z hLpgL ;a} vfg kfp“5g\ . kl5 NofP hGd]sfn]
cl3 c+z lnO{ k/ ;/]sf];“u c+zdf b}of ug{ kfp“b}g .

!@ g+= .. .. ljwjf :jf:gLdflg;n] rfx]df cfÇgf] c+z lnO{ leGg
x'g kfp“5] . ;Gtfg gePsf ljwjf jf ljw'/n] csf]{ ljjfx u/]df lghn] cfÇgf]
c+z cfk"mv'; ug{ kfp“5g\ . ;Gtfg ePsf ljwjf jf ljw'/n] csf]{ ljjfx u/]df
;Gtfg gfafns eP;Dd To:tf ;Gtfgsf] kfngkf]if0f / lzIfflbIffsf] Joj:yf
;f]xL ;DklQaf6 ug'{ k5{ . ;f] sfddf afx]s To:tf] ;DklQ a08f / a]rlavg ug{
kfp“b}gg\ . ;Gtfg ;fafns ePkl5 cfgf] c+zefu cfk"mv'; ug{ kfp“5g\ . To:tL
ljwjfn] csf]{ ljjfx u/L s'g} ;Gtfg gePdf lghsf] z]ifkl5 lghn] kfPsf] To:tf]
;DklQ cl3Nnf] nf]Ug]kl§sf s'g} ;Gtfg eP To:tf ;Gtfgn] / To:tf ;Gtfg geP
cl3Nnf] nf]Ug]kl§sf] xsjfnfn] kfp“5 .
!# g+= .. .. xsjfnfn] P]g adf]lhd /Lt;“u /fv]sL c+z glnPsL
ljwjf :jf:gLdflg; cfÇgf 3/ ga;L cGoq} u} a:bf o:tL ljwjfn] nfPsf] C0f
ck'tfnL vfg]n] ltl/lbg' kb}{g .

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(122)
 !$ g+= .. .. afa' nf]Ug]sf z]ifkl5 c+z ubf{ p;sf] sfhlqmof u/L
af“sL /x]sf] ;“u a;]sf / a]Un} a;]sf ;d]t ;a} 5f]/f5f]/L :jf:gLl;tsf afa'
afh] nf]Ug]sf cfh{gsf] C0f wgdf ;a} :jf:gL 5f]/f5f]/Lx?nfO{ P]g adf]lhd
af“l8lbg' k5{ . afa'sf z]ifkl5 klg sf]xL 5f]/f5f]/L cfdfl;t ;“u a;]sf /x]5g\
jf sf]xL klg ;“u a;]sf /x]g5g\ cfÇgf] lrQ a'emL c+z gvf]hL a]Unf a]Un} a;]sf
/x]5g\ / cfdf d/]kl5 c+z ug{ k¥of] eg] klg cfdfsf] sfh lqmof u/L af“sL
/x]sf] ;a}l;tsf afa' afh]sf] cfh{gsf C0f wgdf P]g adf]lhd ;a}
5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ af“l8lbg' k5{ . dfgf] 5'§]kl5sf] C0f wgdf P]g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .

!% g+= .. .. c+z a08fdf 36L a9L u/L lng' lbg'nfO{ hLpgL

eGb5g\ . hLpgL lb+bf p;n] kfpg] c+zeGbf ;os8f kf“r;Dd a9\tf lbPsf] ;b/
x'G5 . hLpgL lnO{ lbO;s]kl5 c+z} u/L kfp“ egL o;} dxnsf #@ gDa/sf
Dofbleq ph"/ u/] ;f] hLpgL ;d]t ld;fO{ P]g adf]lhd c+z u/L lbg' k5{ .
!^ g+= .. .. =======================
!& g+= .. .. ljjfx gePsf 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx vr{ k/ ;fbf{
ljjfx gePsf 5f]/f5f]/L w]/} ePklg yf]/} ePklg hDdf wg ;DklQ b'O{ xhf/b]lv
a9\tf 7x/] ;os8f kf“r, b'O{ xhf/b]lv d'lg Ps xhf/;Dd wg ;DklQ 7x/]
;os8f bz, Ps xhf/b]lv 36L wg ;DklQ 7x/] ;os8f aL;sf b/n] ljjfx
vr{ k/ ;f/L h:tf] lx;fasf] c+z kfp“5 ;f]xL lx;fal;t bfdf;fxL u/L ljjfx
vr{ klg af“l8lbg' k5{ n]lvP adf]lhd a08f ubf{ ljjfx vr{ kfpg] Ps hjfg
dfq / c+z kfpg] c+lzof/ w]/} hjfg eO{ c+lzof/n] kfpg] c+zeGbf ljjfx vr{
w]/} kfpg] ePdf c+lzof/ Ps hgfn] kfpg] c+zsf] rf/ v08sf] tLg v08;Dd
ljjfx vr{ kfp“5 a9L kfp“b}g efO efOsf] c+z ubf{df eP efO efOsf] 5f]/f
5f]/Lx?nfO{ ljjfx vr{ k/ ;fg'{ kb}{g .
!* g+= .. .. dfgf] g5'l§O{ ;“u a;]sf c+lzof/ 5g\ eg] h'g;'s}
c+lzof/n] ;uf]nsf] ;DklQaf6 jf ;uf]nsf] v]tL, pBf]u, Jofkf/ Joj;foaf6 a9]
a9fPsf] ;uf]nsf] cfh{g / n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] dxnsf] * gDa/ adf]lhd nufPsf]
C0f ;a} c+lzof/nfO{ efu nfU5 . ;f] afx]s s'g} c+lzof/n] cfÇgf] 1fg jf zLk
jf k|of;af6 lghL cfh{g u/]sf] jf s;}af6 lghL tj/n] bfg jf as; kfPsf] jf
s;}sf] ck'tfnL k/]sf] jf :qL c+z wgsf] dxnsf] % gDa/ adf]lhd kfPsf]df
To:tf] cfh{g jf kfPsf] ;DklQ ;f] cfh{g ug]{ jf kfpg] c+lzof/sf] lghL 7x/L
cfkm" v'zL ug{ kfp“5 . a08f ug{ s/ nfUb}g . c+z gePklg dfgf] 5'l§O{ leGg
a;]sf jf /lhi6«]zg gu/L vtL pklt cfgf] cfgf] u/L cfgf] lx:;f;“u dfq
/fvL vfg' lkpg' u/]sf]df Ps} 7fp“df ePklg dfgf] 5'l§O{ leGg ePsf] 7x5{ .
To:tf] sdfPsf] wg nfPsf] C0f cfÇgf] cfÇgf] x'G5 .

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(123)
 !( g+= .. .. c+z glnPsf :jf:gL, 5f]/f Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/L jf
ljwjf a'xf/L x'g] dflg;sf] rn crn ;DklQdf b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd x'G5 –
lktf k'vf{sf kfnfsf] rn crn u}x| ;DklQsf] xsdf rndf ;a} / crndf
cfwL;Dd Jojxf/ rnfpgfnfO{ :jf:gL, 5f]/f Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/L jf ljwjf
a'xf/Lsf] d~h'/L gePklg cfkm" v'z ug{ kfp“5 . crndf cfwLeGbf a9L eg]
Jojxf/ rnfpg} k/] klg PSsfO{; jif{ gf3]sf :jf:gL, 5f]/f Psf;uf]nsf
5f]/L / ljwjf a'xf/Lx?sf] d~h'/L lnO{ dfq vr{ ug{ x'G5 . d~h'/L glnO{
u/]sf] ;b/ x'“b}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
cfÇgf kfnfdf cfh]{sf] rn crn ;a} Ps :jf:gL jf Ps :jf:gLkl§sf 5f]/f
Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/L dfq ePsfn] jf c? 5f]/f Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/L :jf:gL

d/L To:tf] cj:yf x'g cfPsfn] klg cfgf] v'z ug{ kfp“5 . Psb]lv a9\tf
:jf:gL jf Ps :jf:gLb]lv a9\tf :jf:gLkl§sf] 5f]/f Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/L jf
Pp6f :jf:gL / csf]{ :jf:gLkl§sf 5f]/f Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/L ePsfn] ;f] ePsf
cj:yfdf eg] dg k/]sf :jf:gL 5f]/f Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/LnfO{ lbg afx]s
cfgf] v'zL ug{ kfp“5 . dg k/]sf sf]xL :jf:gL 5f]/f Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/LnfO{
dfq as; ;d]t s]xL Joxf]/f ul/lbg eg] x'“b}g . ;a} :jf:gL 5f]/f
Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/LnfO{ P]gn] kfpg] efu adf]lhd lbPsf] eP dfq ;b/
x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
dfly bkmf bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd cfkm" v'zL ug{ kfpg]df :jf:gL, 5f]/f,
Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/L / ljwjf a'xf/Lsf] d~h'/L geP klg / v'z ug{ gkfpg]df

c+z glnPsf PSsfO{; jif{ gf3]sf :jf:gL, 5f]/f, Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/L / ljwjf
a'xf/Lx?sf] d~h'/L eP dfq lktf k'vf{sf kfnfsf] cfh{gsf] ;d]t rn crn
u}x| ;DklQ dg k/]sf :jf:gL, 5f]/f, Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/L jf a'xf/LnfO{ lbg
;d]t cfkm" v'zL u/]sf] ;b/ x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
dfly bkmf bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd cfkm" v'zL ug{ gkfpg] cj:yfdf klg cfÇgf]
xssf] c+z hlt eg] cfkm" v'zL ug{ kfp“5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
dfly n]lvP adf]lhd lbg kfpg] hlt c+z a08f gx'“b} s'g} :jf:gL, 5f]/f
Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/L jf a'xf/LnfO{ lnvt ul/lbPsf] hlt kl5 c+z a08f ubf{

a08f ug'{ kb}{g . h;n] kfPsf] xf] p;n] Psnf}6L u/L vfg kfp“5 . lbg
gkfpg] lbPsf] /x]5 eg] kl5 a08f ubf{ ;f] ;d]t ;a} ;DklQdf ld;fO{ a08f
ul/lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – %

!(s= g+= .. .. =======================
@) g+= .. .. c+zsf] gfln; k/L cfPsf]df c+z a08f ul/lbg' kg]{
b]lvg cfPkl5 d'2f km};nf gub}{ 3/sf] n]gb]g sfdsfh ug]{ hfgsf/;“u o;}

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f lemlsPsf] .

(124)
dxnsf @# gDa/ adf]lhd c+za08f ug'{ kg]{ rn crn wg / C0f ;d]t u}x| >L
;DklQ olQs} xf], bjfP 5kfPsf] 5}g eGg] wd{ esfO{ kmf“6 lnO{ a08f ul/lbg' k5{ .
kmf“6 lbg' kg]{n] kmf“6 glb cl8of] eg] To:tfnfO{ kmf“6jf/L glbP;Dd o;} dxnsf
@! gDa/ adf]lhd 5 dlxgf;Dd y'gL /fVg' k5{ . kmf“6 lbPkl5 y'gfaf6 5f8L
sfg"g adf]lhd a08f ul/lbg' k5{ .
@! g+= .. .. c+za08f ugf{nfO{ P]gn] kmf“6 lbg' kg]{n] kmf“6 glb
lwª\ofO{ u/L a:bf y'lgPsf]df y'g]sf ldltn] b'O{ b'O{ dlxgfdf kmf“6 b]p eGg] / c+z
kfp“ eGg]x?nfO{ klg ltdLx?n] klg c+z a08f ug'{ kg]{ hf] 5 ;f] ;a} 36L a9L
gkf/L kmf“6jf/L sfuh n]vL Nofp egL k"hL{ lbO{ e/kfO{ lng' k5{ . y'g]sf ldltn]
5 dlxgfleq y'lgPsfn] kmf“6 lbP lnO{ P]g adf]lhd a08f ul/lbg' k5{ . 5
dlxgfleq kmf“6 lbPg eg] ;f]xL Dofbleq c+z kfp“ eGg]n] lbPsf] kmf“6jf/L sfuh
lnO{ y'lgPsfnfO{ 5f8L c+z kfp“ eGg]n] Psnf}6L vfgfsf nflu gb]vfPsf] jf
gePsf] wgdfn n]lvlbPsf] jf 36L a9L kf/L n]lvlbPsf] 5 eg] cfhsf k}+tL;
lbgleq hfx]/ ug'{ Dofbleq hfx]/ gu/] kl5 ltd|f] c+lzof/n] Psnf}6L vfg]5 ltd|f]
ph"/ nfUg] 5}g eGg] ;f] lwª\GofO{ ug]{nfO{ k"hL{ lbO{ e/kfO{ lnO{ ;f] Dofbleq hfx]/
u/] P]g adf]lhd a08f ul/lbg' k5{ . gcfP c+z kfp“ eGg]sf] xfd|f] ;DklQ c+z
nfUg] d}n] yfxf kfPsf] olQs} xf] d}n] 9f“6L 36L a9L kf/L gePsf] dfn n]vL
lbPsf] 7x/] P]g adf]lhd ;hfo ;d]t ug'{ eGg] d'r'Nsf n]vfO{ lnO{ ;f] d'r'Nsf
adf]lhdsf] rn crn hf] 5 ;a} P]g adf]lhd lnO{ c+z a08f ul/lbg' k5{ .
bafPsf]df gbafpg]n] P]g adf]lhd vfg kfp“5 . To:tf] lwªGofO{ ug]{ rflx+sf] ph"/
nfUb}g .
@@ g+= .. .. c+z d'2fdf kmf“6 lbg' kg]{ emul8of xflh/ geO{ Dofb
tfl/v u'hf/L a;]sf]df lghnfO{ tbf?v;fy kqmfp u/L kmf“6 lng' k5{ . af6fsf
Dofb afx]s Ps dlxgf;Dd vf]htnf; ubf{ klg kQf gnfu]df jf kqmfp eO{
P]gsf Dofb;Dd y'Gbf klg kmf“6 glbPdf c+z kfp“ eGg]af6 kmf“6 lnO{ kmf“6 lbg'
kg]{ dflg; xflh/ /x]sf] eP o;} dxnsf @! gDa/ adf]lhd u/L / xflh/ g/x]sf]
eP c+z kfp“ eGg]n] Psnf}6L vfgfsf nflu gb]vfPsf]5 eg] af6fsf Dofb afx]s
k}+tL; lbgleq xflh/ eO{ hfx]/ ug'{ Dofbleq hfx]/ gu/]kl5 ltd|f] c+lzof/n]
Psnf}6L vfg]5 egL ;f] kmf“6sf] Ps k|lt gSsn ;d]t k7fO{ Dofb 6f“;L lbg' k5{ .
;f] adf]lhd Dofb 6f“l;Psf]df xflh/ eO{ hfx]/ u/]df / gu/]df ;d]t ;f]xL @!
gDa/ adf]lhd a08f ul/lbg' k5{ . c+zsf] kmf“6 lbg' kg]{n] kmf“6 glbO{ jf kqmfp
eO{ gcfO{ c+z kfpg]af6 ;f] @! gDa/ adf]lhd kmf“6 lng' kg]{ ePdf ;f] c+zsf]
bfjf ug]{n] klg s]xL sf/0fn] kmf“6 lbg ;lQmg eGof] eg] To;sf] ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf]
sfuh u/fO{ h'g avt kmf“6 tof/ u/L Nofp“5 p;} avt a'emL P]g adf]lhd af“sL
sf/afxL ug]{ egL km};nf ul/lbg' k5{ . To:tf] km};nf ePsf]df kl5 kmf“6 tof/
u/L b/vf:t lbg cfof] eg] ;f] b/vf:t a'emL ;f] ldl;naf6 cl3 u/L g;s]sf] ug'{
kg]{ af“sL sf/afxL h] hlt 5 P]g adf]lhd u/L e/L e/fO{ hf] ug'{ kg]{ ug'{ k5{ .
@# g+= .. .. a08f ug'{ kg]{ hUuf, 3/, wgdfn ;d]tsf] kmf“6jf/L
v'nfO{ lb+bf hUufsf] rf}tkmL{ lsNnf /f]kgL laufxf d'/L / lt/f] nfu]sf]df ;f] ;d]t
h] h] nfu]sf]5 ;f] klg / ;f] gnfu]sf]df pAhgL / 3/sf] sjn gfn tnf rf/
lsNnf sRrL kSsL / cGbfhL df]n ;d]t / 3/hUuf afx]s c? yfg uGtL gfk
tf}n d'/L uhsf b/n] laqmL x'g] lhG;L dfn eP /x]sf] yfg uGtL gfk tf}nsf]

(125)
tfobft vf]nfO{ To;sf] ufp“ ahf/df rn]sf] laqmL b/n] x'g] gubL c° ;d]t v'Ng
hfg]df ;f] klg v'nfO{ v'Ng g;Sg] hltdf cGbfhL df]n ljuf] v'nfO{ lbg] lng] ug'{
k5{ . a9L kf/L df]n ljuf] s;}sf] eGg] ph"/ k/]df ;fx" dxfhg enfb\dL ;d]t
h;af6 df]n tf}n ug'{ k5{ u/fO{ ljuf] sfod ug'{ k5{ .
@$ g+= .. .. kmf“6 lbg' kg]{;“u ePsf] 9's'6Lsf] ;f“rf] ;f] kmf“6 lbg'
kg]{ 7x/]sf] emul8of Dofb tfl/v u'hf/L a;]sf] jf xflh/} /x]sf]df klg kmf“6
glb+bf c+z kfpg]af6 kmf“6 lbg] lng] ePdf To:tf] 9's'6L v'nfO{ tfobftL v8f u/fO{
kfp“ egL ph"/ u¥of] eg] c8\8fn] ;f] ;f“rf] lng] emul8of eP To;nfO{ ;d]t /
;f] gePdf Ps y/L dfq ePklg emul8of / ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf
gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglw / sDtLdf c? b'O{ hgf enfb\dL ;d]t /fvL
tfNrf vf]nL ePsf] tfobftL u/L a08f ul/lbg' k5{ .
@% g+= .. .. cfÇgf a08fdf k/L a08f p7fO{ lnO;s]kl5 kl5af6
lau|] gfl;Psf] /x]5 csf]{ ;§f u/L kfp“ eGg] ph"/ nfUg ;St}g .
@^ g+= .. .. c+z d'2fdf kmf“6 lbg' kg]{n] kmf“6 glbO{ c?n] lbPsf
kmf“6af6 a08f eof] eg] ;f] kmf“6 glbg]nfO{ kmf“6 glbP jfkt c? P]gn] x'g]
;hfodf kmf“6 glbPsf hDdfsf] ;os8f kf“r ?k}of“sf b/n] yk hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
@& g+= .. .. bafP 5kfPsf] 5}g egL sfuh ul/;s]kl5 bafP
5kfPsf] 7x¥of] eg] Tof] wgdfn bafpg]n] kfp“b}g . gbafpg] c? c+lzof/n] P]g
adf]lhd c+z u/L vfg kfp“5g\ . bafP jfktsf] ;hfo x'“b}g .
@* g+= .. .. c+za08f ubf{ c;n sd;n ldnfO{ lbg] lng]sf d~h'/L
ePsf]df d~h'/L adf]lhd / d~h'/L gePsf]df uf]nf /fvL a08f ul/lbg' k5{ .
@( g+= .. .. c+za08f ePsf ldltn] tLg jif{leq cfÇgf c+z
efudf k/]sf] rn crn csf{sf] xssf] 7xl/Psf] jf ;f] tLg jif{leq gfln;
k/]sf]af6 csf{sf] xssf] 7xl/g uPsf] eP c+z vfg] ;a}af6 bfdf;fxLn] ;§f egf{
lng kfp“5 .
#) g+= .. .. c+za08f ubf{ ;fIfL /fvL sfg"g adf]lhd a08f
5'6\ofO{ a08fkqsf] sfuh v8f u/L lng] lbg]sf] / ;fIfLsf] ;d]t ;xL5fk u/L
/lhi6«]zg ug'{ kg]{df ;f] u/L /fVg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd gePsf] a08f ;b/ x'“b}g .
t/ of] P]g k|f/De x'“bf ;Dddf a08fkq v8f u/L jf gu/L 3/;f/df g/d u/d
ldnfO{ crn c+za08f u/L 5'l§O{ cfÇgf] cfÇgf] lx;fa efu zflGt adf]lhd lnO{
kfO{ bflvn vfl/h ;d]t u/fO{ ;s]sf] jf a08f adf]lhd cfÇgf] cfÇgf] efusf]
crn 5'§f5'§} ef]u laqmL Jojxf/ u/]sf]df Jojxf/ k|df0faf6 a08f eO;s]sf]
7x/]df kl5 a08fkq /lhi6«]zg ePsf] 5}g jf a08f 36La9L c;n sd;n eof]
eGg kfp“b}g . /lhi6«]zg gePklg a08f ePsf] ;b/ x'G5 . kfpg] c+z eGbf 36L
c+z hLpgL lnPsf]df / c+z 5f]8kq u/]sf]df eg] /lhi6«]zg ePsf] x'g' k5{ .

 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(126)
 #! g+= .. .. c+z efu 5'6\ofO{ kfp“ eGg] gfln; k/]sf]df c+z lbg'
kg]{ egL ;fljt ePsf] jf k|df0faf6 kfpg] b]lvP c+zsf] kmf“6 bflvn e};s]kl5
d]/f] c+z lx:;fdf cfpg] hltsf] cfo:tf /f]Ssf u/L kfp“ egL jfbLn] b/vf:t lbP
p;n] kfpg] efu hltsf] cfo:tf hUuf ldRg]sf] dxnsf] !) gDa/ adf]lhdsf]
/Lt k'¥ofO{ a08f gx'GHofn;Dd /f]Ssf u/L a08f e};s]kl5 km's'jf ul/lbg' k5{ .
#@ g+= .. .. c+za08f ubf{ P]g adf]lhd ul/lbg' k5{ . 36L a9L
ug{ x'“b}g . c+zdf lrQ ga'‰g] ;f]x| jif{ gf3]sfn] a08fkqsf] sfuh ePsf ldltn]
/ ;f]x| jif{ d'lgsfn] ;f]x| jif{ gf3]sf ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq gfln; gu/] nfUg
;St}g . c+z d'2fdf jfbLn] tfl/v u'hf/] klg d'2f l8;ld; gu/L 7x/] adf]lhd
km};nf ug'{ k5{ .
## g+= .. .. Psf3/;“u 5“bf c+z af“8\g' kg]{ ;femf hUuf hdLg
3/ v]t u}x| g]kfn ;/sf/ nfu]sf] jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 sfg"g adf]lhd /f]Ssf
ePsf] jf lgsf;f ge} /x]sf] tna eQf ;d]tsf] kfl/>lds u}x| leGg ePkl5 s'g}
c+lzof/n] lkmtf{ u/fof] jf lgsf;f u/fO{ Nofof] eg] lgsf;f u/L NofP olt jf
olt ;Dd lbg] lng] egL lnvt ePsf]df ;f]xL lnvt adf]lhd / lnvt gePsf]df
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lkmtf{ u/fpg]n] ;f] lkmtf{ ePsf] ldltb]lv tLg jif{;Dd crnsf]
xsdf Psnf}6L ef]u u/L vfO{ rf}yf ;fnb]lv ;a} c+lzof/n] af“8L vfg kfp“5g\ /
rnsf] xsdf lgsf;f u/fpg] c+lzof/n] bzf}+b;Dd a9\tf lnO{ c? ;a} c+lzof/n]
af“8L vfg kfp“5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/ afx]s c?n] vfO{ /fv]sf]df s'g} c+lzof/n]
lkmtf{ u/fO{ NofPsf] klg dfly n]lvP adf]lhd x'G5 .
#$ g+= .. .. c+z gkfpg]n] kfp“ egL gfln; u/] kqm]sf] ljuf]
ldl;naf6 b]lvPdf ljuf]sf] lx;fan] gkfpg] kqm]df x'g] P]g adf]lhd / ljuf]
gb]lvPsf]df cf}sft x]/L b'O{;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
#% g+= .. .. c+za08f g} gePsf] jf a08f x'“bf c+za08f
uf]Zjf/fsf] lnvt ePsf] / lnvt gePklg lx;fj zflGt b'a} y/sf] ef]u ePsf]df
hlxn];'s} klg / lnvt / ef]u} gePsf]df cl3 a08f e} af“sL /x]sf] jf bafP
5kfPsf] kfp“ eGg cfPdf leGg leGg hLp;Dd dfq gfln; nfU5 ca08f
uf]Zjf/fsf] lnvt ePsf]df cf–cfÇgf] c+z xs nfUg] hlt ca08f cf–cfÇgf] v'z
x'G5 .

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(127)
 dxn !$
:qL c+z wgsf]
! g+= .. .. sGof, ;wjf jf ljwjf :jf:gLdflg;n] cfÇgf] cfh{gsf]
rn crn cfÇgf] v'z ug{ kfp“5g\ .
@ g+= .. .. leGg ePsf] sGof, ;wjf jf ljwjfn] cfÇgf] c+z xssf]
rn crn ;DklQ cfk"mv'zL ug{ kfp“5g\ .
# g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] @ gDa/ adf]lhd cfÇgf] v'z ug{ gkfpg]
crn ;DklQaf6 To:tf :jf:gLdflg;n] nufPsf] skfnL ;fx"sf] y}nL e/L e/fp
x'g ;St}g .
$ g+= .. .. :jf:gLdflg;nfO{ dfOtL dfjnLkl§sf gft]bf/
Oi6ldqx?n] lbPsf] rn crn / To;af6 a9] a9fPsf] ;DklQ bfOhf] 7x5{ .
nf]Ug] jf nf]Ug]kl§sf c+lzof/n] ;a} c+lzof/x?sf] d~h'/Lsf] lnvt u/L lbPsf] /
nf]Ug]kl§sf c? gft]bf/ jf Oi6ldqn] lbPsf] rn crn / To;af6 a9] a9fPsf]
;DklQ k]jf 7x5{ .
% g+= .. .. :jf:gL dflg;n] cfkm\gf] bfOhf] k]jf cfk"mv'; ug{
kfp“l5g\ . lghsf] z]ifkl5 To:tf] ;DklQ ck'tfnLsf] dxn adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^ g+= .. .. ………
& g+= .. .. =============
* g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] & gDa/df n]lvPsf] s'/fdf csf]{ ljjfx
ePsf] ldltn] / c?df eP u/]sf ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f vf/]h .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(128)
 dxn !%
 wd{k'q, wd{k'qLsf]
! g+= .. .. … … …


@ g+= .. .. cfÇgf] 5f]/f, 5f]/L ePsf] JolQm afx]s cGon] lnvt u/L
wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg x'G5 .
t/, 5f]/f x'g]n] wd{k'q / 5f]/L x'g]n] wd{k'qL /fVg kfpg] 5}g .

@s= g+= .. .. =======================

@v= g+= .. .. o; dxn adf]lhd Ps k6s wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL
ePsfnfO{ k'gM wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL lbg x'“b}g . lbPsf] ePklg ab/ x'G5 .
# g+= .. .. wd{k'q /fVg kfpg]n] ;Gtfg 5f]/f gx'“bf P]g adf]lhd
/fVg x'g]nfO{ /Lt k"j{ssf] lnvt u/L wd{k'q /flv;s]kl5 ;Gtfg 5f]/f hGDof] eg]
klg cl3 wd{k'q /fv]sf] ab/ x'g ;St}g . efO ;/xsf] c+z kfp“5 .
$ g+= .. .. … … …
$s=g+= .. .. … … …

% g+= .. .. … … …
^ g+= .. .. … … …
& g+= .. .. … … …
* g+= .. .. … … …
 ( g+= .. .. … … …
(s= g+= .. .. … … …

(v= g+= .. .. wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL x'g] / /fVg]sf] pd]/ sDtLdf tL;

jif{ km/s x'g'k5{ .
t/ tLg k':tfleqsf] JolQmnfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVbf ;f] aGb]h nfUg]

5}g .
(u= g+= .. .. wd{k'q jf wd{k'qLsf] xs 5f]/f5f]/L ;/x x'G5 . wd{k'q
jf wd{k'qLn] cfk"mnfO{ hGdfpg] afa'kl§sf] c+zdf bfjL ug{ kfp“b}gg\ .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f yk .

(129)
  (3= g+= .. .. wd{k'qL /fVg kfpg]n] wd{k'qL /fvL ;s]kl5 5f]/L hGDof]
eg] klg cl3 /fv]sf] wd{k'qL ab/ x'g ;St}g . 5f]/L ;/x g} x'G5 .
!) g+= .. .. afnaflnsf kmfNg] kQf nfUof] eg] afa' cfdf b'a}sf
;Nnfxn] kmfn]sf] eP b'a}sf] c+z / To; afnaflnsfsf] ;d]t ToxL kfNg]nfO{
lbnfO{ kfNg nfpg' k5{ . Pshgfsf] dfq dtna /x]5 eg] h;n] kmfn]sf]5 p;}sf]
/ afnaflnsfsf] c+z lbnfO{ lbg' k5{ . … … … .

!! g+= .. .. P]gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /flv;s]kl5 s'g}
vf; sf/0f geO{ ab/ ug'{ x'“b}g . wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL a:g]n] wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL
/fVg]nfO{ vfg nfpg glbg], 3/sf] ;DklQsf] x]/rfx gu/L b'?kof]u ug]{, zf/Ll/s
jf dfgl;s oftgf lbg] h:tf sfo{ u/]df wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg]n] To:tf wd{k'q
jf wd{k'qL ab/ ug{ kfp“5g\ . ab/ x'g] wd{k'q jf wd{k'qLn] hGdfpg] afa'kl§sf]
c+z kfp“5g\ . n]lvPsf sf/0f geO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg]n] vfg nfpg glbO{
3/af6 lgsfnf u/]df jf lzIff :jf:Yof]krf/sf] Joj:yf u/]g eg] To:tf] wd{k'q
jf wd{k'qLn] wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg];“u 5f]/f5f]/L ;/x c+z u/L lng kfp“5g\ .

!@ g+= .. .. Pp6f dfq 5f]/f jf 5f]/L x'g]n] wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL lbg
x'“b}g . lbPsf] ePklg ab/ x'G5 .
!@s= g+= .. .. s'g} ljb]zL gful/sn] P]gn] wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg x'g]
g]kfnL gful/snfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg rfx]df To:tf] ljb]zL gful/ssf] rl/q
/ cfly{s l:ylt x]/L ;DalGwt ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf /fhb"tfjf;sf] l;kmfl/; ePdf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] pko'Qm ;Dem]sf zt{x?df wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL lng lbg :jLs[lt
lbg ;Sg]5 .

!@v= g+= .. .. o; dxn adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljb]zL gful/snfO{
wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg] :jLs[lt lb+bf To:tf] ljb]zL gful/s /x]sf] b]zsf] sfg"gdf
wd{k'q jf wd{k'qLnfO{ 5f]/f5f]/L ;/x xs x'g] Joj:yf ePdf dfq wd{k'q jf
wd{k'qL /fVg :jLs[lt lbg]5 .

!@u= g+ .. .. g]kfnL gful/sn] wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVbf u/]sf] lnvt
kf“rzo ?k}of“ lt/L lhNnf GofofwLzaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fpg' k5{ .
!# g+= .. .. P]gn] /fVg gx'g] wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fv]sf] s'/fdf
yfxf kfPsf b'O{ jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f yk .
 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(130)
 dxn !^
ck'tfnLsf]
! g+= .. .. xsjfnf eg]sf] ;DalGwt JolQmsf] ;ft k':tf;Ddsf]
;a}eGbf glhssf] c+lzof/ x'G5 . ;ft k':tf gf3]sf] 6f9fsf] gft]bf/ x'G5 .
@ g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] cGo gDa/x?df cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s
ck'tfnL k/]sf] JolQmn] s'g} lnvt u/L lbPsf]df ;f]xL lnvt adf]lhd / To:tf]
lnvt u/L glbPsf]df b]xfosf JolQmdWo] k|fyldstf qmdfg';f/ h'g JolQm hLljt
5 ;f]xL JolQmn] / To:tf] JolQm sf]xL geP o;} dxnsf] ! gDa/ adf]lhdsf
xsjfnfn] To:tf] ck'tfnL kfp“5 . – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
-s_ ;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgL,
-v_ ;uf]nsf] 5f]/f, 5f]/L, ljwjf a'xf/L,
-u_ ;uf]nsf afa', cfdf, ;f}t]gL cfdf, 5f]/f 5f]/L tkm{sf gflt
gfltgL, gfltgL a'xf/L,
-3_ leGg ePsf klt, kTgL, 5f]/f, 5f]/L, afa', cfdf, ;f}t]gL cfdf,
ljjflxtf 5f]/L,
-ª_ ;uf]nsf afa'tkm{sf afh], aHo}, bfh', efO, lbbL, alxgL,
-r_ ;uf]nsf sfsf, sfsL, elthf, elthL,
-5_ leGg ePsf 5f]/ftkm{sf gflt, gfltgL, ljjflxtf 5f]/L tkm{sf
gflt, gfltgL,
-h_ ;uf]nsf efph", efO a'xf/L,
-em_ leGg ePsf bfh', efO tyf lbbL alxgL,
-`_ leGg ePsf afh], aHo},
Dffly bkmf ! adf]lhdsf xsjfnf gePdf jf eP klg lghn] ck'tfnL
glnPdf o; dxnsf] cGo gDa/x?sf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf] ck'tfnL g]kfn
;/sf/sf] x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
:ki6Ls/0fM o; gDa/sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu Pp6} qmdsf Ps eGbf a9L
JolQm xsjfnf ePdf k|To]s xsjfnfn] a/fa/L ck'tfnL kfp“5 .

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(131)
 # g+=..
 .. o; dxnsf] @ gDa/df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg s'g} JolQmnfO{ glhssf] xsjfnfn] x]/rfx gu/L ;f]eGbf 6f9fsf s'g}
xsjfnf, cGo JolQm jf ;+:yfn] x]/rfx / :ofxf/ ;Def/ u/]sf] ePdf
lghsf] ck'tfnL To:tf] 6f9fsf] xsjfnf, cGo JolQm jf ;+:yfn] kfp“5 .
 $ g+= .. .. … … …
% g+= .. .. … … …
^ g+= .. .. Ps} :jf:gLkl§ jf Psb]lv a9L :jf:gLkl§sf ;Gtfg x'g]
afa' cfdfn] cfkm" / ;a} :jf:gL 5f]/f ============ 5f]/L a'xf/Lx?nfO{ ;d]t P]g
adf]lhd c+za08f u/L bL lnO{ sf]xL :jf:gL 5f]/f ========= 5f]/L a'xf/L;“u cfgf]
c+z ld;fO{ a;]sf]df afa' cfdf d/L ck'tfnL k¥of] eg] Tof] ck'tfnL;“u a;]sf
:jf:gL 5f]/f ========== 5f]/L a'xf/Ln] dfq kfp“5g\ . lnvt eP lnvt adf]lhd
x'G5 .
& g+= .. .. leGg eO{ a;]sf nf]Ug], :jf:gL, 5f]/f, ========== 5f]/L
jf 5f]/fsf 5f]/f jf ============= 5f]/Ln] x]/rfx gu/L Ps} afa'af6 hlGdPsf

bfh'efO jf lbbLalxgLn] :ofxf/ ;Def/ u/L kfn] sf /x]5g\ eg] To;/L kfn]sf
bfh'efO jf lbbLalxgLsf] ck'tfnL kfNg] lbbLalxgL jf bfh'efOn] kfp“5g\ . c?
xsjfnfn] kfp“b}gg\ .
* g+= .. .. … … …
( g+= .. .. Ps} :jf:gLkl§sf 5f]/f ============= 5f]/L /x]5g\, P]g
adf]lhd c+za08f u/L lnO{ lbO{ c? 5f]/f =========== 5f]/L a]Un} a;]5g\, Ps 5f]/f
================ 5f]/L a'xf/Lkl§ cfkm" a;]sf] /x]5 / ;“ua:g] 5f]/f =========== 5f]/L

a'xf/Ln] :ofxf/ ;Def/ gubf{ cfÇgf] hf] ePsf] c+z hLpgL lnO{ csf]{ 5f]/f
================ 5f]/L a'xf/L;“u a:g uPsf] d¥of] eg] kl5 ;“ua:g uPsfn] vfg

kfp“5g\ . c+z hLpgL lnO{ a:g uPsf] /x]g5 s]xL sf/0fn] s]xL lbg a:g uPsf]df
d/]sf] eP Tof] ck'tfnL s]xL lbg a:g uPsf] 5f]/f =============== 5f]/L a'xf/L
xsjfnfn] kfp“b}gg\ .
!) g+= .. .. =================

!! g+= .. .. ================


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f vf/]h .

(132)
 !@ g+= .. .. s'g} bfh',efO jf lbbL, alxgL c+z nL leGg a;]sf] /
s'g} bfh',efO jf lbbL, alxgL;“u a;]sf]df ;“ua;]sf bfh',efO jf lbbL, alxgLdf


s'g} bfh',efO jf lbbL, alxgL d/L ck'tfnL k¥of] eg] leGg ePsf] bfh',efO jf
lbbL, alxgLn] kfp“b}g . ljdft[s eP klg ;“u a;]sfn] dfq kfp“5 . ;“ua;] klg
vfg' lkpg' cfÇgf c+zaf6 cfÇgf lx:;f adf]lhd /fvL vfPsf /x]5g\ eg]
;“ua;]sf] eP klg To:tf]df / leGg a;]sf bfh',efO jf lbbL, alxgL sf]
ck'tfnLdf ;d]t dg]{ bfh',efO jf lbbL, alxgL sf] ;xf]b/ bfh',efO jf lbbL
alxgLx?n] kfp“5g\ . ljdft[s kl§sfn] kfp“b}gg\ .
!@ s= g+= .. .. =======================
!# g+= .. .. … … …
!$ g+= .. .. … … …

!% g+= .. .. ck'tfnL vfg kfpg]n] ck'tfnL vfGg eg] s/ nfUb}g .

ck'tfnL vfP klg gvfP klg dg]{sf] ;but eg] ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ .
!^ g+= .. .. xsjfnfn] ck'tfnL gvfPdf dg]{sf] ;but u/L af“sL
/x]sf] ;DklQ ;fx" eP ;fx"n] bfdf;fxLn] kfp“5g\ . ;fx" g} geP ;a} / ;fx" lt/L
a9\tf eP ;f] a9\tf eP hlt ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'G5 .
!& g+= .. .. s'g} u[x:yL g]kfn ;/xbleq d¥of] / ;f] 7fp“df lghsf]
xsbf/ sf]xL /x]g5 / ;DklQ /x]5 eg] ;f] 7fp“sf] lhldbf/ tfn'sbf/ / lghx?
geP lghx?sf] bfd sfd ug]{ JolQmn] ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf
jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ lbg' k5{ / ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfn] klg To:tf] lhldbf/
tfn'sbf/ jf bfdsfd ug]{ JolQm / sDtLdf b'O{ hgf :yfgLo enfb\dL ;fIfL /fvL
;f] dg]{sf] wgdfn tfobft u/L ;f] tfobftLsf] Ps k|lt d'r'Nsf ;lxt ;f] s'/fsf]
hfx]/L glhssf] lhNnf sfof{nodf k7fpg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhdsf] hfx]/L cfPdf
lhNnf sfof{non] klg ;f] dg]{ dflg; kmnfgf 7fp“sf] xf] eGg] kQf nfu] dg]{sf
xsjfnfsf gfp“df P]g adf]lhd tLg dlxg] Dofb k7fpg' k5{ . Dofbleq xsjfnf
cfP bzf}+b lnO{ P]gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ lghnfO{ a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ . Dofbleq xsjfnf
sf]xL cfPg jf kQf nfu]g eg] Tof] ck'tfnL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'G5 .
!* g+= .. .. s'g} e]ifwf/L g]kfn ========= leq d¥of] eg] To;sf]
wgdfn hf] 5 p;sf] jfl/; eP p;nfO{ lbg' k5{, geP h'g e]ifsf] ck'tfnL h'g
e]ifsf] dxGtn] lng' eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf] 5 p;n] tL dg]{sf] e]if cg';f/
;but u/L vfg kfp“5g\ . ;f] dg]{sf] wg ;DklQ gePklg h'g e]ifsf] xf] p;}
e]ifsf] ck'tfnL vfg]n] ;but u/fpg' k5{ .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

(133)
 !( g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} l/; OjLn] s;}nfO{ df/]df ;f] dfg]{ jf

lghsf ;Gtfgn] ;f] dg]{ jf lghsf] ;Gtfgsf] ck'tfnL vfg kfp“b}g .
@) g+= .. .. o; dxndf cGoq xbDofb n]lvPsf] s'/fdf afx]s
ck'tfnL k/]sf] tLg jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(134)
 dxn !&
n]gb]g Jojxf/sf]
! g+= .. .. sfg"g adf]lhd lnvt gu/L n]gb]g Jojxf/ u/]sf]df
gfln; nfUg ;St}g . /lhi6«]zg kf; e} /fv]sf]df afx]s c? s'g} lnvt b}jL
k/]df ;f] k/]sf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s ;ft lbgleq b'O{ k|lt b/vf:t n]vL
cfÇg" ;xL5fk u/L cfÇgf glhssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf lbg' k5{ . To:tf] b/vf:t
kg{ cfPdf Ps k|lt c8\8fsf] ;|]:tfdf btf{ u/L csf]{ k|ltdf c8\8fsf] 5fk /
cfÇgf] b:tvt u/L b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ . b}jL k/]sf] kGw| lbgleq
c;fdLn] jf lgh dl/;s]sf] eP To;sf] ck'tfnL vfg] xsbf/n] b}j L k/]sf] Joxf]/f
hgfO{ csf]{ lnvt u/L glbP ;f] Dofb gf3]sf] k}+tL; lbgleq cl3 lnvt e}/x]sf] /
b}jL k/]sf] kSsf k|df0f b]vfO{ gfln; lbO{ cfÇg" xs sfod u/fO{ /fVg' k5{ . ;f]
adf]lhd u/fO{ g/fv]df gfln; nfUg ;St}g .
@ g+= .. .. td;'s ePsf ldltn] bz jif{leq s]xL Aofh c;"n
klg gePsf] efvfkq klg gu/fPsf]df ;f] Dofbkl5 gfln; nfUg ;St}g . bz
jif{sf] aLrdf efvfkq u/fPsf] jf s]xL Aofh c;"n u/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] ldltn]
km]l/ bz jif{sf] Dofb kfp“5 . ef]u jf b[li6 aGwssf] xsdf o;} dxnsf] # gDa/
adf]lhd x'G5 .
# g+= .. .. ef]u jf b[li6aGws n]vfO{ lnPsf]df ef]uaGwssf]
xsdf lnvt ePsf] ldltn] / b[li6aGwssf] xsdf efvf gf3]sf ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq
aGws lnPsf] crn ;DklQ ;fx"n] jf lghsf tkm{af6 rng ug'{ k5{ jf rng
ug{ glbP rng rnfO{ dfUg gfln; lbg' k5{ . ;f] Dofbleq gfln; glbPdf aGwsL
lnvt skfnL ;/x x'G5 .
$ g+= .. .. Aofh e/fpg' kg]{ d'2fdf h'g;'s} txaf6 Aofh
e/fp“bf cfkm"n] km};nf u/]sf] ldlt;Ddsf] Aofh / To;kl5 e/L e/fpsf] b/vf:t
k/]df e/fPsf] ldlt;Ddsf] Aofh ;d]t e/fpg] u/L km};nf ug'{ k5{ .
% g+= .. .. ;fx" c;fdLn] ;f“jf Aofh ;d]t ln+bf a'emfp“bf b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ lng' lbg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd gu/]sf] ;b/ x'“b}g – – – – –
;f“jf hDd} a'emfp“bf c;fdLn] ;f] ;DaGwdf ul/lbPsf] lnvt km§f u/fO{ jf
;f]xL lnvtdf c;"nL hgfpg nufO{ a'emfpg' k5{ . s'g} sf/0fn] ;f] lnvt
km]nf gk/]df ;f]xL Joxf]/f hgfO{ ;fx"af6 e/kfO{ u/fO{ lng' k5– – – – – – – !
;f“jfdWo] s]xL dfq a'emfp“bf jf Aofh a'emfp“bf c;fdLn] ;fx"af6 dfly !
bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd e/kfO{ u/fO{ lnO{ oyf;Dej td;'s, vftfaxL jf
e/kfO{ ;d]t ;f] ;f“jfsf] ;DaGwdf cl3 h'g lnvt ePsf] 5 ;f] lnvtsf]
kL7df ;f] Joxf]/f vf]nL n]vL c;fdLsf] ;xL5fk ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ . ;f] b/kL7
ug]{ sfuhdf b/kL7sf] Joxf]/f gc6fPdf csf]{ sfuh uf“;L n]vL aGbdf ;d]t
;f] adf]lhd ;xL5fk ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(135)
 ^ g+= .. .. shf{ n]gb]g ePsf]df Aofhsf] Aofh lng x'“b}g,
lnO;s]sf] ePklg lkmtf{ ug'{ k5{ . lnvtdf Aofh gn]lvPsf]df Aofh kfp“b}g . jif{
Pssf] ;f“jfsf] ;os8f bzeGbf 36L Aofh n]lvPsf]df lnvt adf]lhd g} x'G5 .
lnvtdf Aofh lng] lbg] s'/f n]vL Aofhsf] c° glsl6Psf]df jf jif{ Pssf]
;f“jfsf] ;os8f bzeGbf a9L Aofhsf] c° n]lvPsf]df jf P]g adf]lhd Aofh
e/fpg' kg]{ c? cj:yfdf ;fx"nfO{ c;fdLaf6 Aofh e/fp“bf jif{ Pssf] ;f“jfsf]
;os8f bzeGbf a9L e/fpg' x'“b}g . Aofh gn]vL d'gfkmf lng] lbg] s'/f
n]lvPsf]df klg Aofh ;/x g} x'G5 .
& g+= .. .. Aofh e/fO{ lng' kbf{ ;f“jfdWo] s]xL klg c;"n
gePsf] eP To; ;f“jfsf] / s]xL c;"n ePsf] /x]5 eg] af“sL ;f“jfsf] a/fa/
eGbf a9L e/fOg] 5}g .
* g+= .. .. 3/sf] d'Vo e} sfdsfh ug]{ jf ;uf]nd} a;L ljleGg
7fp“df 3/, v]tL, Jofkf/ jf c? s'g} sfd u/L a:g] pd]/ k'u]sf hfgsf/
nf]Ug]dflg; jf :jf:gLdflg; cfkm" a;L sfd u/]sf] 7fp“sf] d'Vo 7x5{g \ . To:tf
d'Von] u/]sf] Jojxf/ jf Psf3/sf pd]/ k'u]sf c?n] u/]sf]df d'Vo hfgsf/sf]
klg ;xL5fk jf lnvt ePsf] Jojxf/ dfq uf]Zjf/f wgaf6 rN5 .
( g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] * gDa/ adf]lhd d'Vo e} sfdsfh
u/]sf]df afx]s c? cj:yfdf Psf3/sf pd]/ k'u]sf] s'g} JolQmn] s'g} Jojxf/
u/]sf] /x]5 eg] lghn] cfk"mn] kfpg] wgdf lghsf] xs gk'u];Dd ;fx"n] ;f] wgdf
;dfpg kfp“b}g . lghn] cfk}mn] cfh{g u/]sf] jf cfk"mv'zL ug{ kfpg] ;DklQaf6
dfq lng kfp“5 . lghsf] cfÇgf] cfh{gsf] jf cfk"mv'zL ug{ kfpg] ;DklQ /x]g5
eg] lghn] kfpg] wgdf xs gk'u];Dd w/ks8 ug{ klg x'“b}g . o:tf]df bz jif{leq
gfln; u/L cfÇgf] xs sfod u/fO{ /fv] dfq To:tf] wgdf lghsf] xs k'u]kl5
;fx"n] P]g adf]lhd ul/lng kfp“5 . To:tf]df cf;fdLsf] xs k'u]sf ldltn] b08
;hfosf] dxnsf] $@ gDa/ adf]lhdsf] e/L e/fpsf] b/vf:t lbg] Dofb z'? x'G5 .
!) g+= .. .. c+z gePsf c+lzof/n] ;uf]nsf] crn ;DklQ
a]rlavg ubf{ jf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f8L lb+bf P]gn] cfkm"v"zL ug{ kfpg] c?sf]
d~h'/L lng' gkg]{df afx]s c?df Psf3/;“usf c+lzof/ ;a} ;fIfL a;]sf] jf
lghx?n] d~h'/Lsf] lnvt u/L lbPsf] eP dfq kSsf 7x5{ . ;fIfL klg ga;]sf] /
d~h'/Lsf] lnvt klg geP d~h'/ gx'g]n] /lhi6«]zg ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{;Dddf
yfxf kfPsf] k}+tL; lbgleq ph"/ u¥of] / lghsf] d~h'/L 7xl/Pg eg] lghsf] xs
hlt ;f] ;DklQ lghnfO{ lkmtf{ u/fO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd lkmtf{ ePsf]df ;fx"sf]
y}nL k/]sf] eP lkmtf{ eP hltsf] y}nL / P]g adf]lhdsf] Aofh lnvt /lhi6«]zg
b:t'/ ;d]t ;f] ;DklQ a]rlavg u/L jf c? s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f8L lbg]af6
;fx"n] skfnL ;/x c;"n u/L lng kfp“5 . cfgf] lghL cfh{gsf] eP ;“u a:g]sf]
d~h'/L lng' kb}{g . a]rlavg ;d]t u}x| ug{ x'G5 .

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(136)
  !! g+= .. .. s;}n] cfÇgf] xs k'Ug] crn laqmL u/]sf]df o;}
dxnsf] !) gDa/ adf]lhd ;fIfL a:g], d~h'/L lbg] afx]s ;f] laqmL ePsf] ;DklQ
;lGw;k{g k/]sf] lghsf] P]g adf]lhdsf] s'g} xsjfnfn] lgvgL lng rfx]df ;f]
lsg] a]r]sf] lnvt /lhi6«]zg ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgf;Dddf yfxf kfPsf] k}+tL;
lbgleq lgvgL lng kfp“5 . ;f] Dofb gf3]kl5 lsg] a]r]sf] kSsf x'G5 . Psf3/
;uf]ndf pd]/ k'u]sf] s;}n] yfxf kfPsf]df ;uf]ndf ePsf d'Vo ;d]t ;a}
xsjfnfn] yfxf kfPsf] 7x5{ . ;lGw;k{g kg]{ w]/} xsjfnfn] lgvGg rfx]df ;f]
dWo] ;a}eGbf glhssf] xsjfnfn] lgvGg kfp“5 . glhssf] xsjfnfn] lsg]sf]df
;lGw;k{g kg]{ ePklg 6f9fsf] xsjfnfn] lgvGg kfp“b}g .
!@ g+= .. .. ;lGw;k{g kg]{ xsjfnf geP jf ePklg lghn]
glgvg]df o;} dxnsf] !! gDa/sf] Dofbleq lgvGg kfp“ egL ph"/ u/] b]xfosf]n]
lgvGg kfp“5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
hUuf eP ;f] hUufsf] df]xL – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
t/ 3/af/Lsf] nflu hUuf lsg]sf]df b'O{ /f]kgL jf tLg s¶f;Dd hUuf
;lGw;k{g kg]{ xsjfnf afx]s c?n] lgvGg kfp“b}g .
3/ eP – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
Pp6} 3/sf] leGg leGg lx:;fsf] leGg leGg wgL ePsf] cj:yfdf 3/sf] s'g}
lx:;fsf] wgLn] cfÇgf] lx:;f hlt laqmL u/L lbPsf]df ;f] 3/sf] csf]{ lx:;fsf]
wgLn] lgvGg vf]h]sf]df lghn] lgvGg kfp“5 . To:tf] lgvGg kfpg] JolQm w]/}
ePdf tL dWo] ;a}eGbf dsf{ kg]{ JolQmn] lgvgL lng kfp“5 – – – – – – – !
dfly b]xfo bkmf ! adf]lhd lgvGg kfpg] JolQmn] lgvgL glnPdf / df]lxofgL
xssf] hUufdf df]xLn] 3/ agfPsf] eP hUufjfnfn] lgvGg kfp“5 – – – – @
!# g+= .. .. s'g} crn ;DklQ aGwsL;Dd /fv]sf]df c+za08f
eO{ 5'l§Psf] ;lGw;k{g kg]{ P]g adf]lhdsf] xsjfnfn] wgLn] P]g adf]lhdsf]
ofddf lgvGg cfPsf avt lgvGg lbg] u/L c?sf] k/]sf] y}nL lt/L o;} dxnsf]
!! gDa/df n]lvP adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq lgvgL lng kfp“5 . === === === . wgL /
wgLsf ;Gtfg geP ck'tfnL vfg]n] aGwssf] k|df0f k'¥ofof] eg] k/]sf] y}nL lt/L
lgvgL lng kfp“5 .
!$ g+= .. .. rn crn ef]u aGws lbPsf]df bz jif{df ga9fO{
efvf /fvL ;f] efvfsf] Dofbleq ;f] ef]uaGws lgvgL glng] u/L s/f/ eP
u/]sf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd / c?df c;fdLn] ef]u jf b[li6aGwsL hlxn];'s} lgvGg
cfP klg ;fx"n] cfÇgf] y}nL a'emL lnO{ lgvGg lbg' k5{ . aGwsL lbPsf] ;DklQ
hUuf /x]5 eg] hUuf khgLsf] dxndf n]lvPsf] ofd gf3]kl5 y}nL a'emfPsf]df
;f] jif{sf] afnL ;fx"s} x'G5 .
!% g+= .. .. b[li6aGws lb+bf ln+bf kf“r jif{eGbf a9Lsf] efvf /fVg
x'“b}g ;f] efvf gk'uL ;fx"n] y}nLdf 606f ug{ jf lwtf] rng ug{ kfp“b}g .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

(137)
  !^ g+= .. .. y}nL lt/L lgvgL lng kfpg] u}x| s'/fdf lgvgfO{ kfp“
egL c8\8fdf ph"/ ug{ cfp“bf y}nL yfxf ePsf]df y}nL / /lhi6«]zg u/fp“bf
lt/]sf] b:t'/ ;d]t NofO{ w/f}6 /fVg' k5{ . y}nL yfxf gx'g] dgfl;a sf/0f k/L
yfxf gePsf]df k|ltpQ/ k/]sf] k}+tL; lbgleq / y}nLdf d'v gldn]sf]df d'v ldn]
hlt ph"/ ubf{ g} / gldn] hltdf klg a'emfpg' kg]{ 7x/] ;f] 7x/L klxnf] km};nf
ePsf] k}+tL; lbgleq ;f] ltg'{ kg]{ y}nL b:t'/ ;d]t c8\8fdf NofO{ w/f}6 /fVg' k5{ .
;f] Dofbleq y}nL w/f}6 /fVg NofPg eg] lgvgL lng kfp“b}g lnP lbPsf] kSsf
x'G5 . c;fdLn] g} aGwsL lgvgL lng] s'/fdf klg ;f]xL gfln; km};nfaf6
lgvgfO{ lbg' kb}{g . c;fdLn] kl5 lgvGg rfx]df ;fx"n] ga'em] y}nL / b:t'/ ;d]t
w/f}6 /fvL ph"/ u/]df lgvgfO{ lbg' k5{ .
!& g+= .. .. y}nL / /lhi6«]zg b:t'/ a'‰g' kg]{ a'emL glnPsf]
7x¥of] eg] c8\8fdf w/f}6 /fv]sf] ldltb]lvsf] Aofh afnL jf axfn / lnvtdf
n]lvPsf] s'/f ;d]tdf ;fx"sf] xs k'Ub}g .
!* g+= .. .. ;f]x| jif{ gk'u]sf gfafnsn] u/]sf] n]gb]g Jojxf/
;b/ 7xb}{g . To;sf] wgsf] lxkmfht ug]{ dflg; ;d]tsf] ;xL5fk u/fPsf] /x]5
eg] dfq ;b/ 7x5{ . To;n] klg ;f] gfafnssf] wg laufg{sf nflu a]OdfgL
u/]sf] /x]5 eg] lghaf6 To;sf] ljuf] e/fO{ ;f] ljuf]sf] ;os8f kRrL; hl/afgf
ug'{ k5{ .
!( g+= .. .. ;fx"sf] ljuf] jfkt c;fdLsf] hfohft u/L e/fp“bf
pk/ x'g g;s]sf]df b]xfo adf]lhd x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Jofkf/nfO{ shf{ lnP lbPsf]df ;f] shf{ lng] jf shf{ lnbf z/Ls eO{ sfd
ug{ jf ;f] lnvtdf d~h'/ eO{ ;xL5fk ug]{ Psf3/ ;“usf c+lzof/x?sf
gfp“df gfln; k/]df d'Von] gf]S;fgLsf] kmf“6 lbg' k5{ . ;f] gf]S;fgLsf] kmf“6
lb+bf rf]/L cfunfuLdf k/]sf] kfgLdf 8'aL a]kQf ePsf] / nxgf k/]sf] ldgfxf
lb+bf gf]S;fgLsf] kmf“6 k'Uof] eg] ;f] c;fdLn] a]OdfgL u/]sf] 7xb}{g s}b klg
x'“b}g . n]lvPb]lv afx]s c? s'/f e} gf]S;fg k/]sf] eg]sf] / n]lvP adf]lhd
gf]S;fgL ePsf] eg]df klg gf]S;fgLsf] ;a't u'hfg{ g;sL hfohft u/fO{
;fx"sf] wg gk'Ug] ePdf ;fx"sf] wgdf a]OdfgL u/]sf] 7x5{ . To:tfdf s}b u/L
kfp“ egL b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] $@ gDa/ adf]lhd ;fx"n] b/vf:t lbof] eg]
Ps lbgsf] kRrL; ?k}of“sf] b/n] a9Ldf Ps jif{;Dd s}b u/L lbg' k5{ .
n]lvP afx]s c? p;sf Psf3/;“usf c+lzof/ jf ck'tfnL vfg]x? ;d]tsf
gfp“df gfln; u/]sf]df eg] hfohft u/L e/fp“bf gk'u]sf]df logLx?n]
gf]S;fgLsf] kmf“6 lbg'kb}{g s}b klg x'g ;Sb}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
dfly ! bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd Jofkf/nfO{ afx]s c? jfktdf shf{ lnP
lbPsf]df hfohft u/L e/fp“bf gk'u ePdf gf]S;fgLsf] kmf“6 lbg' eg] kb}{g .
hfohft eO{ gk'u]sf]df s}b u/fO{ kfp“ egL ;fx"n] b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] $@
gDa/ adf]lhd b/vf:t lbof] eg] shf{ lng] / ;f] lnvtdf d~h'/L eO{

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(138)
;xL5fk ug]{ Psf3/sf xsbf/ c+lzof/x?sf gfp“df gfln; u/]sf]df eP dfly
! bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd u/L s}b u/L lbg' k5{ . shf{ lng] jf shf{ ln+bfsf]
lnvtdf d~h'/L eO{ ;xL5fk gug]{ Psf3/;“usf c+lzof/ xsbf/ jf ck'tfnL
vfg]x?sf gfp“df gfln; k/]sf]df hfohft eO{ gk'u ePdf s}b x'g ;Sb}g – – @
dfly !.@ bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd c;fdLsf] hfohft u/L ;fx"nfO{ e/fO{ lb+bf
;fx"sf] hDdf pk/ x'g g;s]sf] hltdf P]gn] s}b u/fpg kfpg]df b/vf:t lbO{
s}b u/fP kl5 / s}b u/fpg gkfpg]df klg ;f] hfohft x'“bfsf] df}sf;Ddsf]
bafP 5kfPsf] eP P]gn] ph"/ ug{ kfpg] afx]s Ps k6s hfohft u/fO{
lnO;s]kl5 gk'u ePsf] egL km]l/ c;fdLnfO{ kqmL lng kfp“b}g . td;'s vftf
axL ;d]tsf] lnvtkq h] 5 km§f u/fO{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
@) g+= .. .. === === ===
@! g+= .. .. c+za08f ubf{ ;fx"sf] d~h'/L lnO{ a08f u/]sf] eP
;f] d~h'/L adf]lhd h'g lx;fa;“u a08f u/]sf]5 ;f]xL adf]lhd ;fx" c;fdLn]
lng' lbg' k5{ . ;fx"sf] d~h'/L gnL a08f u/]sf]df Ps} ;fx" klg hlt a08f nfU5
sndlkR5] a08f ug'{ k5{ . ;fx"sf] hLp hLp kg]{ u/L a08f u/]sf] ;b/ x'“b}g .
@@ g+= .. .. ck'tfnL gvfg]nfO{ ;fx"n] kqmg x'“b}g . ck'tfnL vfP
kl5 ;fx" ltlb{g eGg klg x'“b}g . h'g lx;fasf] c+z ck'tfnL kfp“5 ;f]xL
lx;fa;“u ;fx" klg ltg'{ k5{ . :qL c+z wgsf] dxnsf] # gDa/ adf]lhdsf] crn
;DklQ dfq vfPsf]df eg] To:tfsf] ;fx" ltg{ s/ nfUb}g .
@# g+= .. .. rn crn u}x| /fhLgfdf b[li6 ef]uaGws lnO{ ef]u
u/]kl5 yf]/} jf 3l6of /x]5 egL jf lau|] gfl;Pdf ;d]t y}nLdf 606f ug{ x'“b}g .
ef]u ug{ gkfpg] s]xL s'/fn] n]lvPsf] s'/f sRrf 7xg{ uof] eg] lnvt eP lnvt
adf]lhd x'G5 . lnvt gePklg ;f“jf / P]g adf]lhd Aofh ;d]tdf ;fx"n] bfaL
u/L lng kfp“5 .
@$ g+= .. .. cfkm"n] aGwsL lnO{ ef]u u/]sf] 3/ ;fx"s} rngdf
laU¥of] jf kftfn eof] eg] c;fdL eP c;fdL / lgh geP jf a:g d~h'/ gu/]df
;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglw / sDtLdf b'O{hgf

enfb\dL ;fIfL /fvL vr{ u/L agfpg' k5{ . 3/ lgvGg cfp“bf To;/L ;fIfL /fvL
agfPsf] vr{ ;d]t y}nLdf ufeL lx;fa u/L lng' lbg' k5{ . c;fdL jf
;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglw / sDtLdf b'O{ hgf

enfb\dL g/fvL agfPsf] vr{ lng kfp“b}g . kftfn ;d]t eP5 eg] cfiff9b]lv
cflZjgts jiff{ rf/ dlxgf afx]s eTs]sf] ldltn] gS;f kf; ug'{ kg]{df k}+tL;
lbgleq b/vf:t lbO{ kf; ePsf gS;f adf]lhdsf] agfpg] Dofbleq / gS;f kf;
ug{ gkg]{df Ps jif{leq agfO{ tof/ gu/] ;fx"sf] y}nL e"; x'G5 . kftfn hUuf
c;fdLsf] x'G5 . 3/jf/L ef]u aGwsL lnPsf]df 3/ eTsL kftfn eof] eg] kftfn
ePsf] 3/sf] / hUufsf] bfdf;fxLsf] lx;fan] hUufsf] dfq ?k}of“ lng kfp“5 .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(139)
 @% g+= .. .. PsfnfO{ lnvt ul/lbPsf] crn bf]xf]/f] kf/L c?nfO{
s'g} Joxf]/fn] n]lvlbg' x'“b}g . hfgL hfgL bf]x/L kf/L lng]sf] y}nL k/]sf] eP e";
x'G5 . ghfgL lnPsf]df o;} dxnsf] @^ gDa/ adf]lhd lng d~h'/ gu/]
kl5Nnfsf] y}nL skfnL x'G5 . To:tf] bf]xf]/f] k/]sf]df h;sf] lnvtsf] ldlt cl3sf]
5 p;}sf] ;b/ x'G5 . Dofb gf3]kl5nfO{ P]g adf]lhd x'G5 .
@^ g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] @% gDa/ adf]lhd bf]xf]/f lnvt
ePsf]df xs 5f8L lng' lbg' ePsf]df aGwsjfnf ;fx"n] xs 5f8L lng] rflx+sf]
y}nL ltg{ kfp“b}g . cl3 n]vfO{ lng]n] aGwsL / kl5Nnfn] xs 5'6fO{ lnPsf] /x]5
eg] cl3Nnfsf] y}nL lt/L cfgf lnvt adf]lhd ef]u ug{ kfp“ eg]df kfp“5
cl3Nnfn] xs 5'6fO{ lnPsf]df eg] kl5Nnfsf] y}nL ltg{ s/ nfUb}g . aGws
lnPsf] ;b/ x'g] jf gx'g] ;fx"n] ;f] aGws lnPsf c? ;fx"sf] y}nL lt/L cfÇgf]
y}nLdf ;d]t ;f] aGws k/]sf] crn ef]u rng ug{ kfp“ eG5 eg] ef]u rng ug{
kfp“5 . ;b/ x'g] ;fx"n] lnP;Dd c?n] lng kfp“b}g . kl5Nnf ;fx" w]/} hgf
ePsf]df eg] cl3Nnf lnvtjfnfn] sa'n u/]sf] eGbf w]/} hgf ;fx"sf] y}nL
kl5Nnf lnvtjfnfn] ltg{ sa'n u/]df kl5Nnf]n] g} kfp“5 . a/fa/ ltg{ sa'n
u/]df eg] h;sf] lnvtsf] ldlt cufl8sf] 5 p;}n] kfp“5 . ?k}of“ ltg{ kfpg]n]
c8\8faf6 clGtd km};nf ePsf ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq ltg'{ k5{ . ;f] Dofbleq y}nL
ltg{ g;Sg]n] kfp“b}g .
@& g+= .. .. bf]xf]/f] lnvt ePsf]df kl5Nnf lnvtjfnfn] ef]u
u/]sf] ldltn] cl3Nnfn] ef]uaGwsLdf lnPsf] eP b'O{ jif{leq / b[li6aGws eP
ef]u ug{ kfpg] cj:yf ePsf b'O{ jif{leq ph"/ u/] cl3Nnf] lnvtjfnfn] kfp“5 .
Dofb gf3]kl5 crn ;dfpg kfp“b}g . y}nL skfnL x'G5 . cl3Nnfn] xs 6'6fO{
lnPsf] eP kl5Nnfn] h'g;'s} Joxf]/fn] lnPsf] ePklg cl3Nnfn] g} kfp“5 .
@* g+= .. .. bf]x/f kf/L lnvt ul/lbg]nfO{ kl5Nnf lnvtdf ljuf]
b]lvP ;f]xL adf]lhd / ;f] gb]lvP cl3Nnf lnvtsf] ljuf] adf]lhd / ;f]
lnvtx?df ljuf] gb]lvPdf kf“r;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
@( g+= .. .. rn crn ef]u aGws jf b[li6aGws lnO{ /fVg]n]
td;'s adf]lhdsf] jf To;eGbf 36L lnO{ nv aGws /fvL y}nL lng x'G5 .
a9\tf lnO{ ;fg'{ x'“b}g . nvaGws k/]sf] rn crn cl3 ef]u b[li6aGws /fVg]n]
?k}of“ lt/L lgvGg hf“bf 36L lnO{ nv ;f/]sf]df cfkm"n] aGws lbPsf 7fp“df tx
tx;“u u} lgvGg hfg' k5{ . k"/f lnO{ nv ;f/]sf]df kl5Nnf ;fx"sxf“ lgvGg uP
klg x'G5 . kl5 lng]n] cl3sf] eGbf a9\tf y}nL lnPsf] / s/f/ n]v]sf] ;b/ x'“b}g .
#) g+= .. .. rn dfn lwtf] /fvL shf{ ln+bf lb+bf td;'sdf
dfnsf] df]n tf}n r9fO{ lng] lbg] ug'{ k5{ . c;fdLn] ?k}of“ lt/L dfn lgvGg
cfp“bf ;fx"n] h:tfsf] t:tf] dfn lkmtf{ lbof] eg] ;fx"sf] ;fp“ / lx;fa adf]lhd
bzf}+b Aofh ;d]t e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . ;fx"n] lwtf]aGws /fv]sf] dfn lkmtf{ ul/lbg
;s]g vr{ u/]5 eg] To:tf ;fx"n] ?k}of“sf] Aofh kfp“b}g . lx;fadf c;fdLsf]

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(140)
kmflhn kg]{ /x]5 eg] td;'ssf ldltb]lvsf] lx;fa u/L Aofh ;d]t kmflhn ?k}of“
c;fdLnfO{ lkmtf{ ul/lbg' k5{ .
#! g+= .. .. rn crn ;DklQ u}x| n]vL shf{ ln+bf lb+bf olt
gf3]kl5 /fhLgfdf ;'qmL laqmL u/L lng' jf /fhLgfdf u/L lbp“nf jf /fhLgfdf eof]
eGg] af]nL n]lvPsf] ePklg ;b/ x'“b}g . ;f] lnvt lwtf] aGws ;/xg} x'G5 .
#@ g+= .. .. P]gn] lng lbg ug{ x'g] ;a} t/xsf] rn crn aGws
lwtf] ln+bf td;'sdf n]lvP adf]lhdsf] Joxf]/f k'¥ofO{ td;'s n]Vg] dflg;s}
x:tfIf/n] bf]x/L sfuh n]vL td;'sdf n]lvPs} ;fIfLx? /fvL ;fx"n] ;xL5fk u/L
c;fdLnfO{ lbg] ;d]t ug'{ k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd /Lt gk'¥ofO{ aGws lng' lbg' u/]sf]df
;fx"nfO{ td;'sdf n]lvPsf ljuf]sf] bf]xf]/L g} u/L glbPsf] eP ;os8f kf“r /
n]vs jf ;fIfL km/s kf/]sf] dfq eP ;os8f Ps hl/afgf u/L ;f] sfuhaf6
gfln; ph"/ ;'gL OG;fkm ul/lbg' k5{ .
## g+= .. .. ljb]zL gful/s;“u ljb]zdf n]gb]g Jojxf/ ePsf]df
g]kfn ;/xbleq a'emfpg] Joxf]/fsf] ;fx"n] c;fdL;“u g]kfnsf] sfg"gsf] /Lt k'u]sf]
lnvt u/fO{ lnPsf] /x]5 / ;f] c;fdL g]kfnL gful/s /x]5 eg] g]kfnsf
;DalGwt c8\8faf6 sfg"g adf]lhd x]l/g]5 . ;f] afx]s ljb]zsf gful/sl;t
ljb]zdf ePsf] n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] gfln; g]kfnsf c8\8faf6 x]l/g] 5}g .
#$ g+= .. .. ljb]zdf n]gb]g Jojxf/ ePsf]df ;f] lng] lbg] b'j} y/
g]kfnL gful/s /x]5g\ / g]kfnsf] sfg"gsf] /Lt k'u]sf] lnvt /x]5 eg] g]kfnsf
;DalGwt c8\8faf6 gfln; ;'gL OG;fkm ul/lbg' x'G5 .
#% g+= .. .. ;fljs lhldbf/L ;fydf /x]sf] / kl5 s'g} Joxf]/fn]
lhldbf/L ;fy}df /xg cfPsf] ;d]t lhldbf/L ;fysf] hf]t lh/fot hUuf
lhldbf/L;fy lbg afx]s hf]t lh/fot 5'6fO{ lhldbf/L dfq jf lhldbf/Laf6 5'6fO{
hf]t lh/fot dfq ePklg lwtf] aGws /fVg / s'g} Joxf]/f;“u xs 5'6fO{ lbg lng
;d]t x'“b}g . lbP lnPdf ab/ x'G5 . ;f] lbP lnPsf] lhldbf/L d} yfdL hfgL hfgL
y}nL xfnL lnPsf] eP k/]sf] y}nL c8\8faf6 e/Le/fp x'g ;St}g . hfgL hfgL
lng]nfO{ krf; ?k}of“ hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . ghfgL lng]nfO{ aft nfUb}g ghfgL lng]
;fx"sf] y}nL skfnL x'G5 . lhldbf/L ;fydf /x]sf] hf]t lh/fot 5'6fO{ lbP jfkt
lbg]nfO{ ?k}of“ lnO{ lbPsf] eP lnPsf] ?k}of“sf] ;os8f bzsf b/n] / ?k}of“ glnO{
To;} lbP lnPsf] eP lkm laufxf bz ?k}of“sf b/n] hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . cfkm"n]
cfh]{sf] gDa/L af“sL gnfUb} cl3af6 lnP lbPsf] ;b/ x'G5 .
#^ g+= .. .. rn crn ;DklQ u}x| ;§f k§f ubf{ 3/sf d'Vo
dflnsnfO{ /fhL u/fO{ ;§f k§f ug'{ k5{ . ;§f k§f u/]sf k}+tL; lbgleq lrQ
ga'‰g]n] lkmtf{ lng lbg x'G5 . d'Vo dflnsnfO{ /fhL gu/fO{ c?;“u ;§f k§f
u/]sf]df ;f] u/]sf] ldltn] rndf eP k}+tL; lbgleq / crndf eP 5 dlxgfleq
;Dddf yfxf kfPsf] k}+tL; lbgleq gfln; gk/] nfUg ;St}g .
#& g+= .. .. === === ===

 s/f/ ;DaGwL P]g, @)@# åf/f vf/]h .

(141)
 #* g+= .. .. lbg' kg]{ lbg hf“bf a'lemlbPg jf lgvGg hf“bf lgvGg
lbPg eGg] ph"/ k/]sf]df ;f] s'/f 7x/] a'emL glnPsf] c°sf] / a'emfpg} gnu]sf]
jf a'emfpg gkfpg] em'§f ph"/ u/]sf] 7x/] em'§f ph"/ ug]{nfO{ em'§f 7x/]sf] c°
hltsf] 36L a9L eg] kqm]sf] 7x/] 36L a9L eg]sf] kqm]sf] c° hltsf] ;os8f
c9fO{ hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . n]lvP adf]lhd a'emfpg] rflx“sf] ph"/ k/L e/fO{ lbP
hlt ljuf]sf] bzf}+b nfUb}g .
#( g+= .. .. === === ===
$) g+= .. .. o:tf] Jojxf/ u/]sf] ;b/ x'“b}g eg]sf], gfln; ;'lgg]
5}g eg]sf], gfafnssf] wg laufg{nfO{ a]OdfgL u/]sf], Aofhsf] Aofh vfPsf],
Aofhdf bzf}+bb]lv a9\tf n]vfPsf] jf nvaGws ln+bf a9\tf lnPsf] a9\tf s/f/
n]vfPsf] olt s'/fdf xbDofb nfUb}g . o; dxndf cGoq xbDofb n]lvPsf] jf
xbDofb nfUb}g eg]sf] s'/fdf afx]s c?df eP u/]sf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq gfln;
glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

(142)
  dxn !*
gf;f] w/f}6sf]
…………………………………………………

 s/f/ P]g, @)%^ åf/f vf/]h .

(143)
 dxn !(
bfg as;sf]
! g+= .. .. cfÇgf] xs k'Ug] ;DklQ bfg jf as; u/L lbg x'G5 .
;f] adf]lhd bfg jf as; ul/l+bbf xsjfnfnfO{ as; egL / c?nfO{ bfg jf
as; h'g Joxf]/fn] lbP klg x'G5 . cfÇgf] v'z ug{ kfpg] afx]s c?df c+lzof/ /
xs k'Ug]x?sf] d~h'/Lsf] lnvt glnO{ jf ;fIfL g/fvL bfg as; ul/lbg x'“b}g .
@ g+= .. .. lbg]sf] z]ifkl5 vfg kfpg] s'/fsf] lnvt u/L lbPsf]df
;f] lnvt u/L lbg]sf] lrQ ga'emL ab/ u5'{ eG5 eg] hlxn];'s} ab/ ug{ kfp“5 .
;f] lnvt ab/ ugf{nfO{ lnvt /lhi6«]zg ePsf] jf cfÇgf Onfsfsf] /lhi6«]zg
ug]{ c8\8fdf u} b/vf:t lbO{ ab/ u/fpg' k5{ . To:tf] b/vf:t kg{ cfPdf
/lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fn] klg ph"/L b/vf:t adf]lhd z]ifkl5sf] hltnfO{ ab/
ePsf]5 eGg] Joxf]/fsf] t'?Gt k"hL{ n]vL c8\8fsf] 5fk / xflsd tx/L/sf]
;xL5fk nufO{ ;f] ab/ ug{ cfpg]nfO{ lbO{ ;f] k"hL{ lbPsf] ldltn] af6fsf] Dofb
afx]s ;ft lbgleq lnvt u/L kfpg]nfO{ p;n] kfPsf] lnvt ab/ ePsf] hgfp
k7fO{ lbg] ug'{ k5{ . ;f] b/vf:tsf] kf“r ?k}of“ b:t'/ lng' k5{ .
# g+= .. .. s;}n] s]xL Joxf]/f;“u cfgf] xs 5f8L c?sf] xs
nfUg] u/L Ps} 3/df cfwf jf s]xL v08 ;f] 3/ jf 3/n] rr]{sf] hdLg bfg
as; u/L lbO{ kfPsf] /x]5 / kfpg]n] cfkm"n] kfPsf] jf lbg]n] cfkm"n] lbPb]lv
af“sL csf{nfO{ lbP eg] cl3 lbg] jf cl3af6 lbg]sf ;f]xL 7fp“df a:g] xsjfnfn]
/ lbg]n] af“sL csf{nfO{ bfg as; ul/lbP eg] kfpg] jf ;f]xL 7fp“df a:g] p;sf
xsjfnfn] lnvt /lhi6«]zg ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgf;Dddf yfxf kfPsf] k}+tL;
lbgleq df]n c° b]lvg]df ;f] adf]lhd / c° gb]lvg]df k~rs[lt df]n lbO{ lng
kfp“5g\ .
$ g+= .. .. Pp6fnfO{ bfg as; lbO;s]sf] rn crn csf{nfO{
bf]xf]/f] kf/L bfgas; ul/lbg]nfO{ d'2f x]/L kf“r;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 .
% g+= .. .. cfkm"n] bfg as; kfPsf] s'/fdf cfÇgf] xs k'u]sf]
ldltn] / lbg gx'g] bfg as; lbPsf]df kfpg]sf] xs k'uL ef]u rng u/]sf]
ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

(144)
 dxn @)
bfdf;fxLsf]
! g+= .. .. cfÇgf] hLpn] nfPsf] C0fdf ;fx"sf] d~h'/L lagf
bfdf;fxL x'g ;St}g . To:tfnfO{ ;fx"n] ls efvflbg' k5{ ls bfdf;fxL u/L lng'
k5{ . efvf klg glb jf bfdf;fxL klg gu/L hf]/ h'n'd ug{ x'“b}g .
@ g+= .. .. cfÇgf] hLpn] nfPsf] afx]s c? c+lzof/ xsjfnfn]
nfPsf] C0fdf p;sf ck'tfnL vfg] c+lzof/ xsbf/n] bfdf;fxL u/fO{ dfUg]df
;fx"n] d~h'/ gu/] klg bfdf;fxL x'G5 . c;fdLsf] d~h'/L a]u/ efvf x'g ;St}g .
# g+= .. .. Jofkf/nfO{ cfÇgf] hLpn] nfPsf] C0fdf ;f] shf{ lng]n]
/ To;af6 sfd ubf{ ;/Ls eO{ sfd sfh u/L cfPsf ;f]x| jif{ gf3]sf hfgsf/n]
efvf dfUbf jf bfdf;fxL u/fp“bf gf]S;fgLsf] kmf“6 lbg' k5{ . n]lvP afx]s c?n]
cfÇgf xsbf/n] nufPsf] C0fdf / cfÇgf] hLpn] nfPsf] C0f ePklg Jofkf/nfO{
afx]s c? C0fdf gf]S;fgLsf] kmf“6 lbg' kb}{g . gf]S;fgLsf] kmf“6 lbg' kg]{n] klg
b'O{;o ?k}of“;Ddsf] kmf“6 lbg g;s]sf]df aft nfUb}g .
$ g+= .. .. c;fdLn] bfdf;fxL jf efvf u/fO{ dfUgnfO{ gfln; lbg'
kg]{ ePdf o; jfktdf cfÇg} hLpn] jf c+lzof/ xsbf/n] lnPsf] kmnfgf kmnfgf
;fx"nfO{ hDdf olt ltg'{ kg]{ o; sf/0fn] ltg{ ;lsg xs k'Ug] hfohft hDdf olt
dfq 5 egL eP;Ddsf] cfgf xs k'Ug] hfohftsf] / P]gn] / gf]S;fgL kmf“6 bL
/xg' kg]{df o:tf] k/L olt gf]S;fgL k¥of] egL gf]S;fg k/L lau|]sf] oyfy{ kmf“6
;d]t kl5 a'‰bf km/s gkg]{ u/L n]vL k|df0f ;d]t bL bfdf;fxL u/fO{ jf efvf
dfUg]df olt jif{;Ddsf] efvf kfp“ ePsf] ;fx" hfohft bafO{ gePsf] ;fx"
hfohft b]vfPsf] jf gf]S;fgLsf] kmf“6 b]vfpg' kg]{df gf]S;fgL gk/]sf]nfO{ gf]S;fg
k¥of] egL 9f“6L km/s kf/L n]lvlbPsf] 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;hfo ;x"“nf a'emfp“nf
egL :ki6 vf]nL /Lt k'¥ofO{ c;fdLn] P]gn] e/L kfpg] ;a} ;fx"sf] gfp“df gfln;
lbP nL k|ltjfbL ;fx"x?n] klg bfdf;fxL u/fO{ lngfdf jf P]gn] efvf lbg kfpg]df
efvf lbgfdf h'gdf d~h'/ 5 ;f] s'/f :ki6 vf]nL efvf lbg kfpg]df efvf lbg
d~h'/ eP c;fdLn] dfu] adf]lhdsf] jf olt jif{;Ddsf] efvf lbG5' egL / efvf
glb bfdf;fxL g} u/L lng]df gf]S;fgL k/]sf] egL c;fdLn] n]lvlbPsf] kmf“6
b]vfPsf] hfohft ;fx" 7Ls geP o; sf/0fn] olt 7Ls 5}g of] of] gePsf] ;fx"
b]vfPsf] / ePsf] of] of] hfohft o; kl/aGbn] o; 7fp“df bafO{ /fv]sf]5 egL
:ki6 vf]nL To; s'/fsf] ;d]t k|df0f b]vfO{ gfln;df n]lvPsf] km/s k/]sf hlt
s'/fsf] k"/f hjfkm n]vL k|ltpQ/ lbP k|ltjfbL ;fx"x?sf] ph"/ ;d]t a'emL sfg"g
adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
% g+= .. .. bfdf;fxL u/fO{ kfp“ eGg] gfln; k/]df bfdf;fxL
u/fpgnfO{ cfPsf] s'/f bfdf;fxL u/fpg kfpg] c;fdLn] gb]vfPsf c? ;fx"x?nfO{
yfxf lbgf lgldQ kmnfgfn] kmnfgf kmnfgf ;fx"nfO{ bfdf;fxL u/fO{ lbgnfO{
cfPsf]5 ePsf] ;fx" bafO{ n]v]sf] /x]5 eg] c;fdLn] gb]vfPsf] ;fx"x?n] c;fdLn]
lbPsf] gfn];sf] gSsn nL x]/L a'emL cfÇgf] lng' kg]{ s'/fsf] ;a't sfuhkq nL
of] ;"rgf 6f“l;Psf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq o;} dxnsf] $ gDa/

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adf]lhd c;fdLn] b]vfPsf ;fx"n] vf]nL lbg' kg]{ hlt s'/f ;a} vf]nL efvf
dfu]sf]df dfu] adf]lhdsf] efvf lbg] glbg] gf]S;fgLsf] sf/0f / hfohftsf] kmf“6
n]lvPsf] 7Ls a]7Ls s] /x]5 ;f] ;d]t gfln;df n]lvPsf s'/fsf] hjfkm n]vL
k|df0f lbg' kg]{df b]vfO{ cfÇgf] ePsf] Joxf]/fsf] ;a} s'/f / lng' kg]{ c° b]vfO{
k|ltpQ/ ;/xsf] ;/sf/L td;'sL af“sL lng' kg]{ c8\8fn] P]g adf]lhdsf] n]vf]6
k7fpg' c? ;fx"x?n] cfkm} xflh/ eO{ jf P]g adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ jfl/;åf/f
bfv]n ug{ cfpg' / a'emL 7x/]sf ;fx"x?sf] y}nLdf ;d]t P]g adf]lhd bfdf;fxL
x'g]5 Dofbleq gk7fP gcfP kl5 xfd|f] y}nLdf bfdf;fxL u/fO{ kfp“ eGg] ;d]t
s'/fsf] ph"/ nfUg / c;fdL kqmL lng ;d]t kfpg] 5}gf} eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ;"rgf
n]vL c;fdLn] b]vfPsf ;fx"nfO{ Otnfogfdf hf/L u/]sf lbg c8\8fsf] 5fk nufO{
cfÇgf] c8\8fsf] 9f]sfdf / cfgf] lhNnfsf] ;a}n] b]Vg] zx/ ufp“ ahf/df
c;fdLn] b]vfPsf ;fx"x?sf gfp“df Otnfogfdf hf/L u/]s} lbg tfd]n ug{ k7fO{ /
;/sf/L t]hf/y ;/;fk6 lbg] c8\8fx?nfO{ ;d]t hgfp k7fO{ ;f] 6f“l;Psf] hgfp
k7fPsf] lg:;f ;d]t ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' k5{ . n]lvPsf Dofbleq n]lvP adf]lhd
n]vf]6 k7fP lnlvt ;a't lgj]bgkq ;fy bflvn u/] To; ;fx"nfO{ c;fdLn]
b]vfPsf c? ;fx" ;/x /fvL c;fdLsf] klg sfuh u/fO{ hf] a'‰g' kg]{ k|df0f ;d]t
a'emL P]g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . Dofbleq n]vf]6 lgj]bgkq gk7fpg]sf] xfdLx?sf]
lng' kg]{ af“sLdf bfdf;fxL ePg eGg] s'/fsf] kl5 ph"/ nfUg / c8\8faf6 e/L
e/fp ;d]t x'g ;St}g .
^ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L lng' kg]{ td;'sL af“sLdf bfdf;fxLsf] gfln;
k/]sf] hgfp k7fp“bf klg Dofbleq hjfkm gk7fP To;sf] xsdf bfdf;fxL x'g
;St}g . c? ;fx"nfO{ bfdf;fxL u/L bL ;s]kl5 ;f] ;/sf/L af“sLdf P]g adf]lhd
c;fdLaf6 pk/ geP pk/ geP hlt hgfp k7fp“bf klg hjfkm glbP hjfkm
glbg] xflsdaf6 / hgfp lbg' kg]{df hgfp glb c? ;fx"x?nfO{ dfq bfdf;fxL
u/fO{ lbPsf] eP hgfp glbg] xflsdaf6 pk/ u/L lng' k5{ .
& g+= .. .. bfdf;fxL u/fO{ dfUg cfPdf P]gn] gfln; gnfUg]
eO;s]sf rflx+ ;fx"nfO{ bfdf;fxL x'g ;St}g . P]gn] gfln; nfUg ;Sg] hlt
;fx"x?nfO{ dfq bfdf;fxL u/L lbg' k5{ .
* g+= .. .. c;fdLn] b]vfO{ n]lvlbPsf] / kl5 k|df0faf6 b]lvPsf]
hfohft bfdf;fxL jf efvf gx'“b} cl3af6 c;fdLn] lxgfldgf a]rlavg,
lwtf]aGws, bfg as; ;d]t s]xL ul/sg klg s;}nfO{ lbg / lnP lbPsf] ;b/
;d]t x'“b}g .
( g+= .. .. c;fdLn] ;DklQ n'sfPsf] bafPsf]df ;DklQsf] kmf“6
lbP b]vfPsf] ldltn] bz jif{leq kQf nufO{ ph"/ gu/] nfUg ;St}g .
!) g+= .. .. gf]S;fgLsf] kmf“6 lbg' kg]{df n]lvPsf] gf]S;fgL k/]sf]
k|df0f k'¥ofpg klg ;s]g cfkm"n] b]vfPsf] jf k|df0faf6 b]lvPsf] ;DklQ lb+bf klg
lbPg eg] Tof] c;fdLn] a]OdfgL u/]sf] 7x5{ . a]OdfgL u/] jfkt hlt ljuf]df
a]OdfgL u/]sf]5 p;} ljuf]sf] ;os8f kGw| hl/afgf u/L ePsf] ;DklQaf6

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bfdf;fxL ul/lbg' k5{ . gk'u ljuf]df ;fx"n] s}b u/fO{ kfp“ eg]df Ps lbgsf]
kRrL; ?k}of“sf] b/n] a9Ldf 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b ul/lbg' k5{ . shf{ lng]n] sfd
ubf{ sfdsfh u/L cfPsf] ;f]x| jif{ gf3]sfnfO{ eP dfly n]lvPsf] ;hfosf] cfwL
;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
!! g+= .. .. a]OdfgL u/]sf]df o;} dxnsf] !) gDa/ adf]lhd s}b
eO;s]kl5 ;f] s}b e'Qmfg e} g;Sb} hfohftsf] kQf nufO{ NofO{ ;fx" egf{ k'Uof]
eg] egf{ k'Ug] lalQs} 5f]l8lbg' k5{ .
!@ g+= .. .. hfohft x'g] wgdfn n'sfpg nfg / n'sfpg NofPsf]
hfgL hfgL gf;f] lng jf n'sfO{ lbg ;d]t x'“b}g . n'sfpg nu]sf] jf n'sfO{ lbPsf]
eP ljuf] a'emL nL n'sfpg nfg] n'sfOlbg]nfO{ ljuf]sf] ;os8f kf“rsf] b/n]
hl/afgf x'G5 .
!# g+= .. .. bfdf;fxLsf] gfln; kg'{eGbf cufj} P]gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{
rn crn lwtf] aGws lbPsf]df ;f] rn crnaf6 aGws lng] ;fx"sf] y}nL pk/
e} af“sL /xg cfPsf] hlt dfq c? ;fx"nfO{ bfdf;fxL ul/lbg' k5{ .
!$ g+= .. .. bfdf;fxL ubf{ P]gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ lwtf] aGws nL /fVg]
;fx"sf] y}nL / ;fx"sf] jf c? s;}sf] bfdf;fxL u/fpg]n] gf;f] w/f}6 nL /fv]sf]
gf;f] w/f}6 dfn bfdf;fxLdf hf“b}g . ;f] / c? P]gn] k/ ;fg'{ kg]{ hlt k/ ;f/L
af“sL /x]sf] c;fdLsf] xssf] rn crn c;fdL ;d]t u}x| bfdf;fxLdf hfG5 .
!% g+= .. .. bfdf;fxL u/L e/fO{ lb+bf bfdf;fxL u/fO{ dfUg]sf
xssf] ;DklQdf o;} dxnsf] !$ gDa/ adf]lhd k/ ;fg'{ kg]{ hlt k/ ;f/L
aGwsL n]vL lb/fv]sf] / c? rn crn ;d]t u}x| lnnfd laqmL u/L cfPsf]af6
aGwsjfnf ;fx"sf] o;} dxnsf] !# gDa/ adf]lhd y}nL e/fO{ af“sL /x]sf] c?
P]gn] e/L kfpg] 7x/]sf hlt ;fx"nfO{ P]g adf]lhd bfdf;fxL u/L af“8L bL ;fx";“u
/x]sf] sfuhkq s]/fO{ km]/fO{ lbg' k5{ . bfdf;fxLaf6 gk'u]sf]df c;fdL kqmL lng
kfp“b}g .
!^ g+= .. .. bfdf;fxL u/L e/fO{ lbg' kbf{ b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf]
@^ gDa/ adf]lhd ljuf] jfkt hfohft ubf{ c;fdLx?nfO{ yfldlbg / k/ ;fg'{
kg]{ hlt yfdL k/ ;f/L c? af“sL /x]sf]af6 P]g adf]lhd bfdf;fxL ul/lbg' k5{ .
!& g+= .. .. efvf u/fO{ lb+bf dfu] lbP adf]lhdsf] efvf lbg
lngnfO{ ;fx" c;fdL b'a}y/Lsf] d~h'/L ePsf]df d~h'/L adf]lhdsf] efvf u/fO{
lbg' k5{ . ;fx" c;fdL b'a} y/Lsf] d'v gldn]sf]df bz jif{b]lv a9\tfsf] efvf
u/fO{lbg x'“b}g .
!* g+= .. .. sf]xL ;fx" efvf lbg] sf]xL ;fx" bfdf;fxLdf lng] eof]
eg] bfdf;fxLdf sa'n ug]{ hltnfO{ bfdf;fxL u/L u/fO{ lbO{ efvf lbg] hltsf]
efu c;fdLnfO{ g} ;f}lklbO{ kNxfPdf n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] dxnsf Dofbleq P]g
adf]lhd u/L e/fOlng' egL ;'gfO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f] c;fdLnfO{ ;f}lklbPsf] efvf lbg]
;fx"sf] efu c;fdLn] a]rlavg ;d]t ug{ kfp“5 .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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 !( g+= .. .. bafO{ /fv]sf] bfdf;fxL eO{ g;Sb} cl3af6 kQf nufO{
NofP kQf nufO{ Nofpg] / c? ;fx"x?nfO{ ;d]t P]g adf]lhd bfdf;fxL ul/lbg' k5{ .
bfdf;fxL eO;s]kl5 dfq Dofbleq c;fdLn] bafPsf] s;}n] kQf nufO{ Nofof] eg]
kQf nufO{ Nofpg]nfO{ klxn] p;sf] y}nLdf gk'u]sf] egf{ lbO{ a9\tf eP c?nfO{
bfdf;fxL ul/lbg' k5{ .
@) g+= .. .. ;fx" b]vfp“bf P]gn] e/L kfpg ;Sg] ePsf] ;fx"
gb]vfpg] jf gePsf] a9L ;fx" b]vfpg]nfO{ shf{ lng]n] g} jf xsbf/n] hfgL yfxf
kfO{ 5'6fP a9L b]vfPsf] eP ;os8f bz hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . yfxf gkfO{ 5'6]sf]
aft nfUb}g .
@! g+= .. .. ef]u b[li6aGwsjfnfsf] y}nL k/;f/L / gf;f] w/f}6
lkmtf{ u/fO{ lbPsf]df bzf}+b nfUb}g .

(148)
 dxn @!
/lhi6«]zgsf]
! g+= .. .. ================= crn ;DklQ ePsfsf] dfg' 5'l§Psf]
jf dfg' hf]l/Psf] lnvt / c? u}x| crn ;DklQsf] b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhdsf]
lnvt ubf{ u/fp“bf /lhi6«]zg u/fpg' k5{ – –– – – – – – – – – –
laqmL u/L jf c? s'g} lsl;dn] cfÇgf] xs 5f]l8lbPsf] lnvt – – – – – – – !
h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] aGwsL td;'s – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
ef]u jf b[li6aGwssf] nv ;f/]sf] td;'s ––––––––––––––!
z]if kl5sf] as;kq – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
;§f k§fsf] lnvt – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
c+za08fsf] lnvt – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
@ g+= .. .. === === ===
# g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] ! gDa/ adf]lhd /lhi6«]zg u/fO/xg'
gkg]{ lnvt klg /lhi6«]zg u/fpg x'G5 . ;f] adf]lhd s;}n] /lhi6«]zg u/fpg
cfPdf /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fn] klg o;} dxn adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ /lhi6«]zg
ul/lbg' k5{ .
$ g+= .. .. P]gn] /lhi6«]zg ug'{ kg]{ lnvt ubf{ c8\8}af6 xf];\
egL c8\8}df sfuh u/L lbg] lng] b'a}y/L cfO{ n]vfpg' jf klxn] 3/fo;df P]g
adf]lhd ;xL5fk ;d]t u/fO{ lnvt u/L ;f] lnvt nL lnvt ePsf ldltn] 5
dlxgfleq /lhi6«]zg u/L lbg] c8\8fdf cfO{ /lhi6«]zg u/fpg jf /Lt adf]lhd
3/fo;df sfuh n]vL ;xL5fk u/fpg dfq af“sL /fvL ;f] sfuh nL /lhi6«]zg
ul/lbg] c8\8fdf cfO{ /lhi6«]zg u/fpg klg x'G5 . c8\8}af6 u/L kfp“ eg]sf]df
c8\8}af6 n]vL bL / 3/fo;df ;xL5fk ;d]t u/fO{ NofPsf] / ;xL5fk ug{ af“sL
/fvL NofPsf]df ;d]t /Lt k'u] gk'u]sf] hf“rL /Lt gk'u]sf]df csf]{ n]vL lb /Lt
k'u]sf]df To;} sfuhdf c8\8s } f] ;fd'Gg] lng] lbg]sf] / ;gfvt ug]{ ;fIfL ;d]tsf]
;xL5fk u/fO{ /lhi6«]zg ul/lbg' k5{ .
% g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg u/fpg' kg]{ 3/;f/sf] lnvt P]gsf
Dofbleq lng] lbg] b'a}y/L c8\8fdf u} /lhi6«]zg u/fpg' k5{ . === === === ===
^ g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg u/fpg' kg]{ 3/fo;sf] lnvt o;} dxnsf]
% gDa/ adf]lhd /lhi6«]zg u/fO{ lng ;s]sf] /x]g5 eg] To:tf] lnvtaf6 s'g}


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

(149)
crn ;DklQ kqmL bfjL u/]sf] gfln; nfUg ;St}g . y}nL k/]sf]df ;f] y}nL /
lnvt adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ ef]u ug{ gkfPsf]df ef]u ug{ gkfP hltsf] sfg"g
adf]lhdsf] Aofh ;d]t ;fx"n] skfnL ;/x e/fO{ lng kfp“5 .
& g+= .. .. === === ===
* g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg u/fpg' kg]{ 3/;f/sf] lnvt ;f] lnvt u/L
lbg] d/L Dofbleq /lhi6«]zg x'g g;s]sf]df pm d'lgsf xsbf/n] /lhi6«]zg u/L
lbg] Dofb k}+tL; lbgeGbf a9L af“sL 5“b} d/]sf]df af“sL Dofbleq / k}+tL; lbgeGbf
36L af“sL 5“b} d/]df d/]sf ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq} /lhi6«]zg u/fO{ lng' lbg' k5{ .
n]lvPsf Dofbleq dg]{kl§sf d'Vo xsbf/ hf] xf] p;nfO{ NofO{ /lhi6«]zg u/fpg
cfPdf lnvt ;sf/L /lhi6«]zg u/L lbg d~h'/ u/] ;f] lnvtsf] lz/df Joxf]/f
hgfO{ ;xL5fk u/fO{ P]g adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ /lhi6«]zg ul/lbg' k5{ .
( g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg u/fpg' kg]{ 3/;f/df ePsf] lnvt
/lhi6«]zg x'g gkfp“b} ;f] lnvt ul/lbg] dflg; d¥of] To;sf] P]gn] ck'tfnL vfg]
xsbf/ sf]xL 5}g /lhi6«]zg u/L kfp“ egL lnvt u/fO{ lng]n] P]gsf Dofbleq
b/vf:t lbg cfPdf o:tf] Joxf]/fsf] lnvt 3/fo;df ul/lbO{ d/]sf] xf] xf]Og
dg]{sf ck'tfnL vfg] xsbf/ sf]xL 5f} eg] af6fsf Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq xflh/
e} hfx]/ ug{ cfpg' n]lvPsf Dofbleq dg]{sf] ck'tfnL vfg kfpg] xsbf/ xflh/
x'g gcfP /lhi6«]zg e} hfg]5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] Dofb ;f] lnvt u/L bL dg]{sf]
ufp“ zx/ 6f]ndf ! 3/df ! /lhi6«]zg ul/lbg] c8\8fsf] 9f]sfdf ! / ;a}n] b]Vg]
7fp“df ! ;d]t 6f“l;lbg' k5{ . ;f] Dofbleq dg]{sf] ck'tfnL vfg] xsbf/sf] jf
g]kfn ;/sf/df cfpg] ck'tfnL eP hf];'s}sf] lnvt u/L lbPsf] jf d/]sf] 5}g
eGg] ph"/ gk/] Dofb gf3]sf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq lnvt u/L bL d/]sf] hfGg] egL
b/vf:tjfnfn] n]lvlbPsf] dflg; / ;f] lnvtdf n]lvPsf ;fIfLx? a'emL
a'lemP;Ddsf k|df0faf6 lnvt ul/lb;s]kl5 d/]sf] 7x¥of] / To;sf] ck'tfnL vfg]
xsbf/ kQf nfu]g eg] ;f]xL Joxf]/f hgfO{ sfg"g adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ /lhi6«]zg
ul/lbg' k5{ . hLp“bf]nfO{ d¥of] egL jf lnvt u/L glbPsf]df ul/lbPsf]5 egL jf
ck'tfnL vfg] xsbf/ ePsf] hfgL hfgL yfxf kfO{ 5}g egL 9f“6L b/vf:t bL
/lhi6«]zg u/fPsf] 7x/] /lhi6«]zg ab/ u/L P]g adf]lhd ;hfo ;d]t ug'{ k5{ .
!) g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg x'g] lnvtdf lng] lbg] b'j}y/Lsf] b]xfodf
n]lvP adf]lhdsf] Joxf]/f kf/L n]Vg' k5{ . ;f] lnvt 3/fo;df ePsf] / c8\8}df
ePsf] h] 5 v'nfO{ ;f] lnvtsf] lz/df n]vL xflsd, tx/L/ / kmf“6jfnfn] ;xL5fk
ug'{ k5{ . 8f]/ dfkm{t e} cfPsf]df 8f]/df v6L uPsfn] ;d]t ;xL5fk ug'{ k5{ –
lnvt u/L lbg] v"b dxh"b eO{ u/L lbPsf]df c? s;}sf] xs gnfUg] d]/f]
xssf] s;}nfO{ cGt aGwsL jf xs 5f]8L n]vL glbPsf] o:tf] lsl;dsf]
d]/f] ;DklQ of] Joxf]/f;“u n]vL lbP“ eGg] Joxf]/f n]vfpg' k5{ – – – – – – !
n]lv lbg] d/L To;sf] xsbf/n] /lhi6«]zg u/L lbg]df kmnfgfn] kmnfgf
ldltdf o; Joxf]/f;“u kmnfgfnfO{ n]vL lbO{ /fv]sf] x'gfn] ;f] adf]lhd
/lhi6«]zg u/L lbof}+ eGg] Joxf]/f n]vfpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – @

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

(150)
?k}of“ lng] lbg] lnvt ePsf]df eP ?k}of“ 3/;f/d} jf c8\8}df lnO{ n]vL
lbPsf] eGg] Joxf]/f n]vfpg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
n]gb]gdf cl3sf] td;'sL ?k}of“g} jf To;df s]xL yk u/L jf Gx]l8s lt/L
NofPsf] eP ;f] Joxf]/f n]vfpg' k5{ ––––––––––––––––$
lbg]sf] xssf] k|df0f eP of] of] k|df0f 5 eGg] n]vfpg' k5{ – – – – – – – %
!! g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg u/fpg' kg]{ lnvt /lhi6«]zg u/fpg
c8\8fdf gcfO{ c8\8faf6 8f]/ v6fO{ 3/d} /lhi6«]zg u/fO{ kfpg s;}n] b/vf:t
lbPdf ;f] /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fsf] Onfsfleqsf] /x]5 eg] xflsd jf sfl/Gbf ;f]
b/vf:t adf]lhd 3/}df u} P]gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ /lhi6«]zg ul/lbg' k5{ . lnvt u/L
lbg] JolQm dfq c8\8fdf xflh/ e} sfuh u/fO{ lng] JolQm xflh/ gePsf]df
lnvt u/L lng]n] cfÇgf] 5fk / cfjZos n]vf]6 ;d]t bL dflg; k7fPdf klg
/lhi6«]zg ul/lbg' k5{ .
!!s= g+= .. .. cfÇgf] xs k'Ug] crn u}x| a]rlavg ubf{ /
/lhi6«]zg x'g' kg]{ lnvt u/L lbg] JolQm c8\8fdf xflh/ x'g g;Sg] dgfl;a
sf/0f b]vfO{ cfkm"n] a]rlavg ug'{ kg]{ crn ;DklQ ls6fg u/L P]gn] jfl/; lbg
x'g] h'g;'s} JolQmnfO{ cfÇgf] tkm{af6 xs 5f]8L a]rlavg ug{ ;Sg] u/L
clVtof/gfdf n]vL cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf] &!v= gDa/sf] /Lt k'¥ofO{
clws[t jfl/; d's// ug{ x'G5 . To:tf] clws[t jfl/;n] cfkm"n] kfPsf]
clVtof/gfdfleq /xL jfl/; lbg]sf] xsdf clws[t jfl/;n] g} /lhi6«]zg ug{ x'G5 .
!@ g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf !! gDa/ adf]lhd 3/;f/df lnvt
u/fpgnfO{ v6L hfg]n] P]g adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ ;|]:tf ldnfpgf lgldQ lnvtx?
lnO{ cfp“bf / b:t'/ a'emL ln+bf e/kfO{ glb To;} Nofpg x'“b}g . h;;“u lnPsf]5
p;nfO{ cfÇgf] e/kfO{ bL a'emL NofO{ c8\8fdf ;|]:tf ldnfO{ ;s]kl5 cfkm"n] a'emL
NofPsf] lnvt lkmtf{ / b:t'/ a'emfPsf] cws§L ;d]t a'emfO{ bL cfkm"n] cl3 u/L
lbPsf] e/kfO{ lvrL lng] ug'{ k5{ .
!# g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !! gDa/ adf]lhd 3/fo;df lnvt
u/fpgnfO{ /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fsf xflsd sfl/Gbf af]nfpg hf“bf c8\8fsf
xflsd sfl/Gbf cfpgf ;fy lnvt ugf{nfO{ xhf{ gx'g] u/L dflg; sfuhkq ;d]t
;a} 7Ls u/fO{ dfq af]nfpg hfg] ug'{ k5{ . n]lvP adf]lhd gePsf]af6 lnvt
ugf{nfO{ c8\sfp k/]df kf“r ?k}of“ hl/afgf u/L lnO{ c8\8fsf] :ofxfdf cfDbfgL
af“Wg' k5{ / /lhi6«]zg ug]{ s'/fsf] xsdf oyf;Dej rf“8f] /lhi6«]zg u/L kms{g'
k5{ .
!$ g+= .. .. lng' lbg' ubf{ ?k}of“ c8\8}sf ;fd'Gg]df ugfO{ lng
lbg x'G5 . 3/;f/df lng' lbg' ePsf]df c8\8fdf ?k}of“ gNofP klg x'G5 .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(151)
 !% g+= .. .. crn ;DklQ ;DaGwL s'g} lnvt ubf{ u/fp“bf ;f]
;DklQsf] s'g} sfuh ;]|:tfdf lsNnf lsl6Psf] eP ;f]xL lsNnf / glsl6Psf] eP
h'g lsNnf xf] km/s gkf/L 5'§f 5'§} lsQfsf] 5'§f5'§} lsNnf n]Vg' n]vfO{ lng' k5{ .
!^ g+= .. .. lnvt ubf{ ;f] lnvt u/L lbg]n] 3/ hUufsf] lsNnf
n]vfPsf]df kl5 ;f] lsNnf 7Ls 5}g eGg] ph"/ k/]df k|df0faf6 7x/] adf]lhd
x'G5 . lnvtdf n]lvPsf]n] dfq lsNnf sfod x'g ;St}g .
!& g+= .. .. hUuf hdLgsf] /lhi6«]zg ubf{ h'g hUufsf] lnvt
/lhi6«]zg x'g] xf] ;f] hUufdf lbg]sf] xs k'u]sf] k|df0f jf lt/f] lt/]sf] /l;b a]u/
/lhi6«]zg ug{ u/fpg x'“b}g . bflvn ePsf] k|df0f jf /l;b ;d]t /fvL /lhi6«]zg
u/L bL k|df0f jf /l;b lnvt u/fO{ lng]nfO{ ;f}+kL lbg' k5{ . w]/} hUufsf] Pp6}
k|df0f jf /l;b ePdf c8\8faf6} To;sf] /Ltk"j{ssf] gSsn lnvt u/fO{ lng]nfO{
lbnfO{ ;Ssn h;sf] xf] p;}nfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ .
!* g+= .. .. lng' lbg' eO{ lnvt ubf{ u/fp“bf ;f] lbg]sf] xssf]
k|df0fsf] sfuh ;d]t bflvn u/]sf] eP ;f] sfuh ;fx"nfO{ ;f}kg' kg]{df ;f}kL
lnvtdf ;d]t ;f] Joxf]/f kfg'{ k5{ . hUuf hdLgsf] xsdf o;} dxnsf] !& gDa/
adf]lhd x'G5 .
!( g+= .. .. ?k}of“ lng' lbg'eGbf cl3sf] td;'sL ?k}of“ g} jf s]xL
ykL jf Gx]l8s lt/L NofPsf] eP ;f]xL af]nL kf/L lnvt u/L lbg' k5{ .
@) g+= .. .. Gx]l8s lt/]sf]df lg:;f c8\8fdf b]vfpg' k5{ .
Gx]l8s ltl/;s]sf] geO{ ltg'{ kg]{ af“sL eP ;f] ?k}of“ lt/]sf] Gx]l8ssf] km§f jf
lg:;f NofPkl5 dfq /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fn] lnvt u/fO{ lbg x'G5 .
@! g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg u/L lb+bf lng] lbg] dflg;nfO{ lrGg] hfGg]
hxf“;'s}sf] ePklg b'O{ hgfdf g36fO{ ;fIfL /fvL lng] lbg] dflg; oL x'g logsf]
gfp“ jtg n]lvPsf] 7Ls 5 egL n]vL ;xL5fk u/fpg' k5{ .
@@ g+= .. .. c8\8faf6 lnvtdf ;xL5fk u/fp“bf lng]lbg] b'a}
y/nfO{ ;f] lnvt :ki6 u/L k9L ;'gfO{ of] lnvtaf6 o:tf] x'G5 eGg] dtna ;d]t
;DemfO{ dfq P]g adf]lhd ;xL5fk u/fpg' k5{ .
@# g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg ul/lbg' kg]{ lnvtdf ?k}of“ lng' lbg' kg]{df
c8\8}df lng'lbg' u/]sf] jf 3/fo;df ePsf]df lbg]sf xssf] k|df0f bflvn
u/]sf]df eP ;f] ;d]t vf]nL d]/} ;fd'Gg]df of] of] sf/afxL ePsf] xf] eGg] Joxf]/f
/lhi6«]zg x'g] lnvtsf] lz/df n]vL c8\8fsf] 5fk / xflsd tx/L/ kmf“6jfnfsf]
;d]t ;xL5fk u/L /lhi6«]zgsf] lnvt /lhi6«]zg u/fO{ dfUg]nfO{ bL P]gn] bf]x/L
lbg' kg]{df lnvt u/L lbg]nfO{ bf]x/L ;f}+lklbO{ c8\8fdf /xg] rf+lx lnvtsf]
lsgf/fdf bf]x/L a'emL lnP“ egL n]vL bf]x/L kfpg]sf] ;xL5fk ;d]t u/fpg' k5{ .
@$ g+= .. .. s]xL sf/0f k/L c8\8fdf xflsd gePdf tx/L/n]
cfgf] / cfkm" d'lgsf kmf“6jfnfsf] / tx/L/ gePdf xflsdn] cfgf] / tx/L/b]lv
d'lgsf kmf“6jfnfsf] ;xL5fk ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ . ;f] ubf{ xflsd jf tx/L/ gePsf]
sf/0f ;d]t n]Vg' k5{ .

(152)
 @% g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg x'g] lnvt 3/fo;df jf c8\8fdf n]Vbf
;d]t bf]x/L lbg' kg]{df tLg k|lt / c?df b'O{ k|lt ;d]t Ps} ldnfg;“u n]vL ;f]
;a} k|ltdf sf/0fL / To;df a;]sf ;fIfLsf] ;d]t /Ltk"j{s ;xL5fk ug'{ u/fpg'
k5{ 3/fo;df ePsf lnvtdf a:g] ;fIfLnfO{ c8\8fdf Nofpg' kb}{g . ;gfvt ug]{
;fIfLnfO{ eg] c8\8}sf /f]xj/df ;a} k|ltdf ;xL5fk u/fO{ gDa/ r9fO{ o;
dxnsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ /lhi6«]zg u/L Ps k|lt c8\8fdf /fvL Ps k|lt lnvt u/fO{
lng]nfO{ / bf]x/L lbg' kg]{df Ps k|lt lnvt u/L lbg]nfO{ ;d]t lbg' k5{ . o;}
dxnsf] ( g+= adf]lhd gfn]; k/L km};nf adf]lhd /lhi6«]zg ul/lbg' kg]{ ePdf
gfln; k/L ;b/ e} cfPsf] lnvtsf] lz/df ;f] Joxf]/f hgfO{ o;} dxnsf] @#
gDa/ adf]lhd /lhi6«]zg u/L dfly n]lvP adf]lhd ;xL5fk u/fO{ ;f] lnvtsf]
gSsn n]vL ;Ssn adf]lhd gSsn b'?:t 5 ;Ssn a'emLlnP“ egL /lhi6«]zg ug{
cfpg]sf] / gSsn b'?:t 5 egL /lhi6«]zg === === === u/L lbg]sf] ;d]t ;xL5fk
u/fO{ /fVg' k5{ .
@^ g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg ug{ cfp“bf jf cl3kl5 hf];'s}n] klg
c?nfO{ n]lvPsf] 5 5}g egL /lhi6«]zg ePsf] lnvt x]g{ jf gSsn lngnfO{
cfPdf x]g{ jf gSsn lbg' k5{ .
@& g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg e}/x]sf] lnvt adf]lhd a'emfpg' kg]{ gubL,
lhG;L leGg e} w]/}hgfn] efu zflGt ltg'{ kg]{ x'g cfPsf]df ;a}n] Ps}rf]6L a'emfpg
gNofO{ s'g} s'g}n] dfq cfkm"n] ltg'{ kg]{ hlt a'emfpg NofP ltg{ cfpg]sf] efusf]
hlt a'emL lnO{ lnvtsf kL7df Joxf]/f hgfO{ b/kL7 u/L a'emfpg Nofpg]nfO{ klg
a'emfPsf] lg:;f lgldQ olt dWo] o;n] a'emfpg' kg]{ olt a'emL lnP“ eGg] e/kfO{
u/fO{ lnO{ lbO{ cfkm"n] ltg'{ kg]{ hlt ;a} a'emfO;s]kl5 o;} dxnsf] #& gDa/
adf]lhd /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fdf /x]sf gSsndf b/kL7 u/fpg cfPdf jf c8\8}df
a'emfPdf ;d]t c;"n hgfO{ /fvL lnvt adf]lhd ltg'{ kg]{ hlt ;a} a'emfO{;s]kl5
lnvtsf] kL7df c8\8fsf] 5fk nufO{ lkmtf{ lbg] lng] ug'{ k5{ . a'emfpg' kg]{ hDd}
ga'emfO{ a'emL lnGg b/kL7 u/L lbGg lwtf] 5f]8\lbg eGg kfp“b}g .
@* g+= .. .. sfg"g adf]lhdsf] lnvt /lhi6«]zg u/fO{ dfUg
cfPdf h'g;'s} Onfsfsf] /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8faf6 u/L lbg' k5{ .
@( g+= .. .. cfsf{ Onfsfsf] crn ;DklQsf] lnvt /lhi6«]zg
ePsf]df /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fn] ;f] 3/ hUuf ePsf Onfsfsf] /lhi6«]zg ug]{
c8\8fdf Ps k|lt gSsn k7fO lbg' k5{ . ;f] c8\8fn] klg l;nl;n]jf/ gDa/
r9fO{ gSsn lstfadf ;fd]n /fVg' k5{ .
#) g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg ePsf] lnvtaf6 cfÇgf c8\8fdf /x]sf]
;|]:tfdf bflvn vfl/h ug'{ kg]{ s'/f eP bflvn vfl/h ul/lbg' k5{ . cGoq /x]sf]
;|]:tfdf bflvn vfl/h ug'{ kg]{ eP lnvt u/fO lng] dflg;nfO{ kmnfgf 7fp“df
k}+tL; lbgleq bflvn vfl/h u/fpg hfg' egL ;'gfO{ lbO{ ;f] bflvn vfl/h ug'{
kg]{ 7fp“df klg kmnfgfsf] of] olt 3/ jf hUuf kmnfgfsf gfp“df bflvn vfl/h

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

(153)
ul/lbg' egL ;ft lbgleq n]vL k7fpg' k5{ . ;f] bflvn vfl/h u/L lbg]n] klg
sfg"g adf]lhd bflvn vfl/h u/L lbg' k5{ .
#! g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg x'g] u}x| lnvtdf ug]{ u/fO{ lng] b'a} y/sf]
cfÇgf] cfÇgf] afa', cfdf / afh], aHo}sf] gfd vf]nL n]lvPsf] x'g' k5{ . ;+ul7t
;+:yfx?sf] xsdf eg] ;f] ;+:yfsf] gfd;Dd n]v] k'U5 .
#@ g+= .. .. z]ifkl5 xs k'Ug] u/L lnvt ul/lbg] dflg; d/L
lnvt u/fO{ kfpg]sf] xs k'Ug cfPkl5 xs k'Ug]n] xs k'u]sf bflvn vfl/h ug'{
kg]{ hlt snd cfgf gfp“df bflvn vfl/h u/fO{ dfUgnfO{ ;f] lnvt ul/lbg]
dflg; d/]sf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fdf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ . ;f]
adf]lhd b/vf:t k/]sf]df /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fn] klg cfkm"sxf“ /x]sf] lnvt x]/L
;f] lnvt ul/lbg] dflg; d/]sf] xf] xf]Og / lnvt u/L bL ;s]kl5 km]l/ ab/ u/fO{
;s]sf] 5 5}g eGg] ;d]t hf] a'‰g' kg]{ a'emL lnvt ul/lbg] d/L xs k'lu;s]sf] /
n]vL lbPsf] lnvt ab/ u/fO{ ;s]sf] ge} sfod} /x]sf] 7x/] o;} dxnsf] #)
gDa/ adf]lhd bflvn vfl/h ug'{ ug{ nfpg' k5{ .
#@s= g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] #) gDa/ / #@ gDa/df h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s;}n] ;f] gDa/x?df n]lvPsf] Dofb u'hf/L bflvn vfl/h
u/fpg b/vf:t lbPdf hlt;'s} cjlw Joltt ePklg bz ?k}of“ b:t'/ lnO{
gfp“;f/L bflvn vfl/h ul/lbg' k5{ . of] P]g nfu" x'g'eGbf cufj} To:tf] Dofb
u'lh|;s]sf]df klg ;f] adf]lhd b:t'/ lnO{ gfd;f/L bflvn vfl/h ul/lbg' k5{ .
## g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg u/fpg' kg]{ lnvt klxn] 3/fo;df n]vL
kl5 /lhi6«]zg u/fPsf]df ph"/ ug]{ xbDofb sfod ubf{ /lhi6«]zg ePs} ldlt
sfod ug'{ k5{ .
#$ g+= .. .. bf]xf]/f] lnvt ePsf]df klxn] /lhi6«]zg ePs} lnvt
h]7f] 7x5{ .
#% g+= .. .. n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] dxn adf]lhd crn ;DklQ
lgvGbf b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
lgvGg kfpg] JolQmn] lgvGg rfx]sf] crn ;DklQ lng] ;fx"sf ;fydf
/lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fdf u} lng' lbg' u/L e/kfO{ u/fO{ /lhi6«]zg ePsf] lnvt
;fx"af6 b/kL7 u/fO{ jf lnvt geP To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ lng' k5{ . km};nf
adf]lhd lgvGg' kbf{ b/vf:t ;fy km};nfsf] /Ltk"j{ssf] gSsn k]z ug'{ k5{ .
o:tf] lgvGg kfpg] snddf c?sf gfp“df bflvn vfl/h e};s]sf] ePklg
lgvGg cfpg] xs k'u]sf] JolQmsf gfp“df bflvn vfl/h u/L lbg' k5{ / ;f]
s'/f c8\8fdf /x]sf] td;'s / ;|]:tfdf ;d]t hgfO{ /fVg' k5{ – – – – – – – – !
lgvGg kfpg] JolQmn] lgvGg vf]Hbf lgvGg lbg' kg]{ JolQmn] afwf c8\sfp
pkl:yt u/]df lghnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ y}nL lgvGg kfpg] JolQmn] lnvt
/lhi6«]zg ePsf] jf ;fx" /x]sf] Onfsfsf] /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fdf w/f}6 /fvL

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(154)
lgvgfO{ kfpg b/vf:t lbg x'G5 / ;f] adf]lhd b/vf:t k/]df lghnfO{
tfl/vdf /fvL lgvGg lbg' kg]{ JolQmnfO{ === === === af6fsf Dofb afx]s
;ft lbgleq ;Ssn} lnvt nL cfpg' egL Dofb k7fpg' k5{ . ;f] Dofbdf
xflh/ e} lgvGg lbg d~h'/ u/] dfly ! bkmf adf]lhd y}nL ;fx"nfO{ a'emfO{
;fx"sf] e/kfO{ u/fO{ e/kfO{ / /lhi6«]zg ePsf] lnvt ;d]t c;fdLnfO{ a'emfO{
lbg' k5{ . xflh/ gePdf Dofb gf3]kl5 krf{ v8f u/L ;f] lgvgL kfpg] crn
;DklQ rng ug'{ egL lgvGg kfpg]nfO{ rng k"hL{ lbO{ ;f] k"hL{ ePsf] Joxf]/f
/ w/f}6 /x]sf] ?k}of“ tLg jif{leq lng gcfP kl5 kfpg] 5}gf} eGg] ;d]t
s'/fsf] ;"rgf ;fx"nfO{ k7fO{ lbg' k5{ . xflh/ e} lgvGg lbg d~h'/ gu/]
b/vf:tjfnfn] bfjL lnPsf] ;DklQ /lhi6«]zg ePsf] lnvt jf c8\8fdf /x]sf
;|]:tfaf6} lgvGg lbg' kg]{df lgvGg lbg OGsf/ u/]sf] b]lvg cfP /lhi6«]zg
ug]{ c8\8faf6} lgvgfO{ lbg] km};nf u/L k'g/fj]bg nfUg] cj:yf gf3]kl5
lgvGg kfpg]nfO{ rng k"hL{ u/L lbg' k5{ . lgvGg lbg' kg]{n] lbg' gkg]{ sf/0f
b]vfPsf]df k|df0f a'emL OG;fkm lbg' kg]{ s'/f b]lvg cfP k}+tL; lbgleq gfln;
ug'{ egL ;'gfO{ lbg' k5{ . Dofbdf gfln; gk/] jf k/]klg lgvGg gkfpg] 7x/L
km};nf ePsf]df w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL sfg"g adf]lhd Dofbleq lng cfP
b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ lbg' k5{ . ;fx" jf c;fdLn] w/f}6 /x]sf] y}nL lkmtf{ lng'
kg]{df Dofbleq glnPdf ;f] y}nL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'g]5 – – – – – – – – – @
dfly @ bkmf adf]lhd lgvGg w/f}6 /fvL b/vf:t u/]sf] JolQmn] kl5 s'g}
sf/0fn] lgvGg grfx]df jf tfl/v 5f]8]df jf Dofbleq gfln; gu/]df
lghnfO{ y}nLsf] ;os8f c9fO{ ?k}of“ hl/afgf u/L ;f] hl/afgfsf] /sd s§f
u/L af“sL y}nL lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
lgvGg kfpg] / lgvGg lbg]n] ldnfkq ug{ rfx]df /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8}af6
ldnfkq u/fO{ lbg'x'G5 . ;f] ldnfkq jfkt aS;f}+gL ln+bf y}nLsf] ;os8f Ps
?k}of“sf] b/n] lng' k5{ – – – – –––––––––––– ––––––$
#^ g+= .. .. Dofbleq /lhi6«]zg u/L glbPsf]n] gfln; k/L
/lhi6«]zg x'g] u/L km};nf ePsf]df b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] $$ gDa/ adf]lhd
km};nf ug]{ c8\8faf6 /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fsf gfp“df k"hL{ u/fO{ lng' k5{ . ;f]
k"hL{ kfPsf ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq cfkm"n] kfPsf] k"hL{, km};nfsf] gSsn /
/lhi6«]zg ug'{ kg]{ lnvt ;d]t nL /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fdf b/vf:t lbg cfkm} hfg
jf jfl/; k7fpg k5{ . n]lvP adf]lhd b/vf:t lbg cfPdf /lhi6«]zg u/L lbg]
c8\8faf6 klg Dofbleq b/vf:t lbg cfPsf] /x]5 eg] km};nf k"hL{ adf]lhd
sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ /lhi6«]zg u/L lbO{ km};nfsf] gSsnsf] lz/df kmnfgf
ldltdf /lhi6«]zg eof] egL n]vL c8\8fsf] / xflsdsf] ;d]t 5fk nufO{ lkmtf{
lbg' k5{ . n]lvPsf] Dofbleq b/vf:t gu/] Dofb gf3]kl5 /lhi6«]zg x'g ;St}g .
#& g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg ePsf] lnvtsf] ?k}of“ wgLnfO{ a'emfp“bf
3/;f/}df a'emfO{ sfuh km§f u/L lng lbg klg x'G5 . c8\8}df cfO{ a'emfP klg
x'G5 . 3/;f/}df lng' lbg' u/]sf]df a'emfpg] sfuhsf] kL7df o; ldltdf olt
?k}of“ a'emL lnP“ eGg] Joxf]/f n]vL a'emL lng] wgLsf] P]g adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

(155)
;xL5fk u/fO{ km§f lnO{ ;f] lnPsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq cfkm} xflh/ eO{ jf jfl/;
u/L jf n]vf]6;fy 5fk k7fO{ c8\8fdf /x]sf] sfuh ;|]:tfdf hgfO{ dfUg cfPdf
jf c8\8}sf /f]xj/df a'emL lnPdf ;d]t c8\8fdf /x]sf] lnvtsf kL7df /
kl~hsfdf ;d]t ;f] Joxf]/f hgfO{ n]vL km§fsf kL7df ;d]t c8\8fsf] 5fk nufO{
lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ .
#* g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg ePsf] lnvt adf]lhd ltg'{ kg]{ gub lhG;L
wgLn] ;fIfL /fvL n]vL k7fPsf] OR5fkq lnO{ cfpg] OR5fkqjfnfnfO{ a'emfP klg
x'G5 . n]lvP adf]lhd 3/;f/df OR5fkqjfnfnfO{ a'emfO{ b/kL7 u/fO{ km§f lnvt
/ OR5fkq lnO{ o;} dxnsf] #& gDa/ adf]lhd Dofbleq c8\8fdf /x]sf gSsn
kl~hsfdf hgfO{ dfUg jf c8\8}df OR5fkqjfnfnfO{ a'emfpg cfPdf lbO{
OR5fkqjfnfnfO{ a'emfPsf] Joxf]/f ;d]t vf]nL c8\8fdf /x]sf gSsn kl~hsfdf
hgfO{ lkmtf{ lbg] ug'{ k5{ .
#( g+= .. .. s;}n] c8\8fdf /x]sf] /lhi6«]zg ePsf] s'g} lnvtsf]
gSsn lng jf x]g{ cfPdf lbg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd gSsn lnPsf]df kmL yfg b'O{
?k}of“ / x]/]sf]df kmL yfg Ps ?k}of“ b:t'/ nfU5 .
$) g+= .. .. sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] /lhi6«]zg b:t'/ b]xfosf cj:yfdf
b]xfosf JolQmaf6 lng' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
/fhLgfdf aGwsL ;d]t n]gb]gsf] lnvt ePsf]df wgLaf6 – – – – – – – – – !
a08fkq jf dfg' 5'l§Psf] jf dfg' hf]l/Psf] lnvtdf bfdf;fxLn] ;a}
c+lzof/af6 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
c? lnvt ePsf]df lng] kfpg]af6 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
$! g+= .. .. /lhi6«]zg ePsf] lnvtdf ;f] /lhi6«]zg u/L lng] lbg]
;fx"n] g} jf pgLx?sf xsbf/n] yk nL bL u/] ePsf] lnvt /lhi6«]zg u/fp“bf
cl3 lnP lbPsf] b:t'/ nfUb}g . ylk n]gb]g u/] hlt c°sf] dfq sfg"g
adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ nfU5 .
$@ g+= .. .. hUuf 3/sf] n]gb]gdf ;f] 3/ hUufsf] df]n c°
b]lvP klg ?k}of“ lng' lbg' u/L lnvt ePsf]df lng' lbg' u/]sf] ?k}of“sf] ljuf]
sfod u/L /lhi6«]zg b:t'/ lng' k5{ .
$# g+= .. .. lnvtsf] /lhi6«]zg u/fpg' kg]{ Dofb u'h|]df yfldg
;St}g .
$$ g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf #& gDa/df n]lvPsf] sfd ;f]xL
gDa/df n]lvPsf] Dofbleq gu/L ;f] Dofb gf3]sf] Ps jif{;Dddf ug{ cfPsf] eP
Dofb g3fO{ cfP jfkt ;f] cfpg]nfO{ Ps;o ?k}of“df kRrL; k};f / Ps jif{eGbf
a9L Dofb g3fO{ cfPsf] eP Ps;o ?k}of“df krf; k};f hl/afgf u/L ;f] gDa/df
n]lvP adf]lhd sfd u/L lbg' k5{ .

(156)
 dxn @@
af“sL gltg]{sf]
! g+= .. .. b08 ;hfo afx]s ;/sf/L af“sL ltg'{ kg]{ 7x/]sfn] ;f]
7x/]sf] af“sL ltg{ ;s]g / dfyj/ wg hdfgL lbof] eg] Ps jif{sf] efvf lbg' k5{ .
;f] adf]lhd hdfgL lbg g;s] sfg"g adf]lhd c;"n ug'{ k5{ .
 @ g+= .. .. cfÇgf] lhDdfsf] ;/sf/L jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf
cf“lzs :jfldTj ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] jf s'g} a}+ssf] gubL lhG;L sfg"g
adf]lhd afx]s jf /Ltk"j{ssf] cfb]z lgsf;f a]u/ lng, lbg, lbnfpg jf ;f] ug]{
k|oTg ug{ u/fpg x'“b}g .
# g+= .. .. ;/sf/L gubL lhG;L /x]sf] txjLn hf“Rbf h;sf]
lhDdfsf] txaLn xf] ;f] JolQm /f]xj/df eP p;nfO{ / /f]xj/df ePsf tx/L/
txjLnbf/ e08f/] ;d]t /fvL hf“Rg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd hf“Rbf cs0f{ / >]:tf
adf]lhdsf] txaLn df}Hbft geP d;f}6 u/]sf] 7x5{ . ;f] df;]sf] ljuf] df:g]af6
pk/ u/L lnO{ lghnfO{ ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf jf tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf b'a} x'G5 .
#s=g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf]
;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] jf s'g} a}+ssf] gubL lhG;L d:of}6 u/] jf ug]{ k|oTg u/]df ljuf]
e/fpg kg]{df ljuf] e/fO{ ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf jf tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j}
;hfo / ljuf] e/fpg gkg]{df kf“r xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf tLg jif{;Dd s}b
jf b'a} ;hfo x'g]5 .
#v=g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf]
;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] jf s'g} a}+ssf] ljuf] d;f}6 u/]df ljuf] d;f}6 ug]{sf] c+z xssf]
;DklQaf6 e/fO{ lbOg]5 . pk/ x'g g;s]sf] ljuf] afkt s}b u/L kfp“ egL
;DalGwt ;+:yf jf a}+ssf] lgj]bg k/]df k|lt dlxgf kf“r ;o ?k}of“sf b/n] s§L
x'g] u/L hlt;'s} ljuf] pk/ gePsf] ePklg a9Ldf rf/ jif{;Dd s}b ul/lbg' k5{ .
$ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L c8\8fsf] txjLnbf/ e08f/]n] txjLn
df;]sf]df ;f] txjLnbf/ e08f/] xflsdn] kTofPsf] dflg; egL egf{ ePsf] /x]5
eg] df:g]af6 pk/ gePsf] hlt af“sL ljuf] xflsdn] a'emfpg' k5{ .
% g+= .. .. txaLn dfl;Psf lbgb]lvsf] bzf}+bsf lx;fan] ;"b ;d]t
lng' k5{ .
^= g+= .. .. ;/sf/L ;"b nfUg] af“sLdf hfohft /f]Ssf ePsf]df
hfohft /f]Ssf ePsf] ldltb]lv / hfohft /f]Ssf gx'“b} y'lgPsf]df y'lgPsf]
ldltb]lv ;"b nfUb}g . ;f] /f]Ssf ePsf] hfohft lnnfd laqmL e} ljuf] pk/
gePsf]df hfohft /f]Ssf ubf{ hfohft bafP 5'kfPsf] kl5 7xg{ cfof] eg]
gk'u]sf] af“sL dWo] bafPsf] 7x/L pk/ eP hltsf] /f]Ssf ePs} ldltb]lvsf] ;"b

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(157)
klg lnOg]5 . ;f] hfohft /f]Ssf e}/x]sf]df lnnfd laqmL u/L c;"n ug{ x'g]
cj:yf k'u]kl5 k}+tL; lbgleq lnnfd laqmL ug'{ k5{ .
& g+= .. .. s;}n] rn jf crn s'g} lsl;dsf] ;DklQ g]kfn
;/sf/df a'emfpg' kg]{ egL s'g} c8\8fdf a'emfpg NofPdf ;f] c8\8fn] a'‰g' kg]{
/x]5 eg] ;a} Joxf]/f / sf/0f v'nfO{ a'lemlng' k5{ . c8a8 k/]sf]df eg] ;f]xL
Joxf]/f hgfO{ w/f}6Ldf cfDbfgL af“wL sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL u/L lg0f{o ug'{
u/fpg' k5{ .
* g+= .. .. sfd ug]{ af“sLjfnfsf] ck'tfnL vfg] xsbf/ kqmfp
ePsf]df pk/ ug'{ kg]{ 7x/]sf] ljuf]df ;f] xsbf/sf] hfohft u/L pk/ ug'{ k5{ .
hfohftaf6 gk'u]sf] af“sLdf kqmfp ug{ x'“b}g . ;f] hfohft x'“bf bjfO{ 5'kfO{
/fv]sf] /x]5 / a'‰bf 7x¥of] eg] ;f] bafpg] xsbf/nfO{ bjfPsf] ljuf] adf]lhd
hl/afgf u/L hl/afgf afkt s}b ug'{ k5{ .
( g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] @ g+=, #s= g+= / #v= g+= df n]lvPb]lv
afx]s c?sf] sfd ug]{ sfdbf/n] cfÇgf lhDdfsf] gubL lhG;L txaLn df;]df
wgLsf] ph"/ k/L 7x¥of] eg] ljuf]sf] ;os8f kRrL; hl/afgf u/L ljuf] e/fpg'
kg]{df ljuf] ;d]t e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f] afx]s c? lbg' kg]{ lbPg jf kqmfp ug{
gkfpg]df kqmfp u¥of] lnof] eGg] ;d]t OToflb Joxf]/fsf] sfd ug]{ u/fpg]sf]
gfln; k/]df ;fx' c;fdL ;/x x'G5 .
!) g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] ( gDa/ adf]lhd e/fpg' kg]{ ljuf] gk'u
e} s}b u/fpg' kbf{ Ps lbgsf] kRrL; ?k}of“sf] b/n] a9Ldf Ps jif{ s}b u/fpg
kfpg]5 .
!! g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] ( gDa/ adf]lhdsf] s;"/df ;f] s;"/ eP
u/]sf ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .
!@ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L txjLn df;]df sfg"g adf]lhd ePsf] ;hfo /
;/sf/L ljuf] jfkt ;d]tdf s}b ug'{ kbf{ bz jif{eGbf a9L s}b x'g ;Sg] 5}g .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(158)
 efu $
dxn !
sLt]{ sfuhsf]
! g+= .. .. x:tfIf/ jf cf}+nfsf] NofKr] ;xL lgzfgf / 5fk OToflb
em'§f agfO{ u/L jf P]g adf]lhd /Ltk"j{ssf] ;xL5fk eO/x]sf] cs}{ ljifosf] ;Rrf
lnvtdf n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f s'g} t/sLj;“u p8fO{ cs}{ dtna lg:sg] Joxf]/f kf/L
ldnfO{ n]Vg] / Pp6f sfdnfO{ egL ;xL5fk u/]sf] lnkmf sfuh jf 5fk lnP
lbPsf]df ;f] sfddf gnufO{ cs}{ Joxf]/fsf] lnvtdf nufO{ jf cs}{ Joxf]/fsf]
lnvt n]Vg] OToflb sfd u/]sf]af6 csf{sf] hLp wg jf xs hfg] gf]S;fg x'g] jf
;f] s]xL gePklg em'§f sfd ug]{ dflg; cfkm}nfO{ jf c? s;}nfO{ kmfObf k|df0f x'g]
u/L sfd u/]sf] /x]5 eg] To:tf em'§f sfuhaf6 sfd u/L eO;s]sf] xj;\ jf
gxj;\ sLt]{ u/]sf] 7x5{ . To:tf] sLt]{ ug]{ u/fpg]nfO{ / hfgL a'emL sLt]{ sfuhdf
a:g] ;fIfL dltof/ ;d]tnfO{ aft nfU5 .
@ g+= .. .. ;d"rf lnvt eg] sLt]{ gu/]sf] sf/0fLsf hfgsf/L
d~h'/Ln] e}/x]sf] ;Rrf lnvtdf c° ldlt jf s]xL Joxf]/f 36L a9L kf/L ;RofO{
agfPsf];Dd /x]5 eg] h] hlt s'/f 36L a9L kf/L agfPsf]5 plt s'/fsf] sLt]{
ug]{ 7x/L aft nfU5 .
# g+= .. .. n]lvP afx]s csf{sf] xs d]6\g], xbDofb tfl/v hfg] jf
s'g} t/x;“u gf]S;fg kfg]{ OToflb h'g;'s} dtnan] xf];\ gu/] gePsf] em'§f s'/f
u/] ePsf] xf] egL jf ldlt c° jf Joxf]/f km/s kf/L ;xL5fk u/L u/fO{ sfuh
agfP jf agfpg nufPdf ;d]t hfn;fhL u/]sf] 7x5{ .
$ g+= .. .. gu/] gePsf] sfd s'/f d'vsf] kl/k~r ldnfO{ k|tLt
kg]{ lx;fa;“u egL sfd u/L ;Sg] klg d'vsf kl/k~rn] sLt]{ ug]{ 7x5{ .
% g+= .. .. Hofg lngfsf] dtnan] sLt]{ u/L Hofg u};s]sf] /x]5
eg] sLt]{ ug]{ ug{ nfpg]nfO{ ;j{:j ;lxt hGds}b / c? dltof/nfO{ bz jif{ s}b
x'G5 . Hofg dl/;s]sf] /x]g5 eg] sLt]{ ug]{ ug{ nufpg]nfO{ bz jif{ / c?
dltof/nfO{ kf“r jif{ s}b x'G5 .
^ g+= .. .. ;j{:j ;lxt hGd s}b jf hGd s}b x'g] s'/f sLt]{ u/]
bz jif{ / ;j{:j x'g] s'/f sLt]{ u/]sf] /x]5 eg] tLg jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ . sfd
e};s]sf] /x]g5 eg] n]lvPsf ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
& g+= .. .. ;DklQsf ;DaGwdf sLt]{ u/L lnO{ vfO;s]sf] eP ljuf]
e/fO{ ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf x'G5 . sfd e};s]sf] /x]g5 eg] ljuf]sf] cfwL
hl/afgf x'G5 .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(159)
 * g+= .. .. nfndf]x/ nfu]sf] jf k|df0fLs/0f ePsf] sfuh sLt]{
u/]df ;f] ug]{af6 ljuf] e/fpg' kg]{ eP ljuf] e/fO{ bzjif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ .
( g+= .. .. lnvt hDd} sLt]{ gu/L c° jf Joxf]/f;Dd 36L a9L
kf/L sLt]{ u/]df hlt s'/f 36L a9L u/]sf]5 plt s'/fdf dfq ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
ldlt;Dd cl3 kl5 kf/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] ubf{ ljuf] v'n]sf]df h] hlt a]xs x'g] jf
gf]S;fg x'g] u/L cl3 kl5 kf/]sf] xf] ;f]xL ljuf]sf] ;os8f kRrL;n] hl/afgf ug'{
k5{ . ljuf] gv'n]sf] d'2fdf krf; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!) g+= .. .. hfn;fhL sfuh ug]{ u/fpg]nfO{ ljuf] vf]lnPsf] /x]5
eg] To;} ljuf]sf] ;os8f kRrL; ?k}of“ hl/afgf x'G5 . ljuf] vf]lnPsf] /x]g5
eg] b'O{ ;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 .
!! g+= .. .. Hofg lngfsf dtnan] afx]s c? s'/fdf sLt]{ ug]{ ug{
nufpg]nfO{ sLt]{ ug]{ 7x/]sf dflg;nfO{ x'g] adf]lhd / c? dltof/nfO{ To;}sf]
cfwL ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
!@ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L c8\8fsf] 5fk jf ;/sf/L sfddf ;/sf/L
sd{rf/Lsf] 5fk b:tvt jf ;f] 5fk b:tvt ePsf] ;/sf/L sfuh sLt]{ ug]{nfO{
o;} dxnsf] c? gDa/n] x'g] ;hfodf Ps jif{ / p;} c8\8fsf] sd{rf/Ln] sLt]{
u/]df b'O{ jif{ yk s}b x'G5 .
!# g+= .. .. Pp6fsf gfp“df csf{n] ;xL5fk ug]{nfO{ gfp“ n]lvg]sf]
d~h'/L ePklg d'2f x]/L aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!$ g+= .. .. sLt]{ sfuh xf] egL hfgL hfgL ;fIfL x'g]nfO{ sfd
e};s]sf] eP d'Vo sLt]{ ug]{ sf/0fLnfO{ ;j{:j ;lxt hGd s}bsf] ;hfo x'g] /x]5
eg] kGw| lbgb]lv b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b / hl/afgf x'g]df /x]5 eg] Ps;o ?k}of“;Dd
hl/afgf x'G5 . sfd e} g;s]sf]df n]lvPsf ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
!% g+= .. .. d'vsf kl/k~rn] sLt]{ sfd s'/f u/]sf]df ;f] ug]{nfO{
ljuf] v'n]sf]df ljuf]sf] cfwL / ljuf] gv'n]sf]df Ps;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 .
sfd e} g;s]sf]df ;f] ;hfosf] cfwL ;hfo x'G5 .
!^ g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[ltn] lbg] kfpg] JolQmn] lbPsf]df
jfx]s cfgf dgfl;an] s;}n] s;}nfO{ s'g} bhf{ lbg jf d kmnfgf] bhf{sf] x'“ eGg
n]Vg x'“b}g . clwsf/ ePsfn] lbP kfPsf] bhf{ axfn 6'6]kl5 klg n]Vg eGg x'G5
;f] afx]s c?n] gkfPsf] bhf{ kfP“ eGg] jf n]vfk9L ug]{ / b]xfodf n]lvP
adf]lhdsf] sfd ug]{nfO{ ;d]t b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd ;hfo x'G5 – – – – – –
gkfPsf] bhf{sf] wfsn] sfdsfh ;d]t ug]{nfO{ s]xL lnP vfPsf] eP ;f] ljuf]
lkmtf{ u/fO{ rf/ jif{;Dd s}b jf kf“r xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf b'a} x'G5 .
c? s]xL s;"/ ;d]t u/]sf] eP h'g s;"/ u/]sf]5 ;f] s;"/df P]g adf]lhd x'g]
;hfo 5'6\g ;St}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(160)
o:tf dflg; x'g\ eGg] yfxf gkfO{ To:tf JolQm;“u nfuL sfd u/]sf]df afx]s
hfgL hfgL ;f] JolQm;“u nfuL sfd ug]{ JolQm dltof/ 7x5{ . dfly ! bkmfdf
n]lvPsf ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
!& g+= .. .. ;j{:j ;lxt hGd s}b x'g]df afx]s o; dxnsf c?
s'/fdf s}b ug'{ kbf{ afx| jif{b]lv a9\tf s}b ug'{ x'“b}g .
!* g+= .. .. ;/sf/L 5fk nfu]sf sfuhx? / ;/sf/L c8\8fdf
/x]sf] sfuhkqx? afx]s c? sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL u¥of] eGg] jf d'vsf kl/k~rn]
sLt]{ s'/f u¥of] jf gkfPsf] bhf{ kfP egL eGof] jf ;f] egL k/khgL ;d]t u¥of]
eGg] s'/fdf ;f] sfd eP u/]sf] yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq gfln; glbP
nfUg ;St}g .

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
;+zf]lwt .

(161)
 dxn @
n'6kL6sf]
! g+= .. .. jf/bftsf ?kaf6 rf]/Lsf] dxn adf]lhdsf] ck/fw
7xg]{ afx]s c? o;} dxnsf gDa/ gDa/df n]lvPsf ?kaf6 p7fg eO{ ;f]xL
hl/ofaf6 emu8f s'6kL6;Dd eO{ jf ;f] s]xL geO{ csf{sf xssf] jf lhDdfsf]
gubL lhG;L wgdfn bf]kfof rf}kfof hUufsf] afnL ;d]t xft xfnL ha/h:tL;“u
vf];L n}hfg jf s'g} lsl;d;“u gf]S;fg u/fO{ lbg ;d]t x'“b}g, u/] n'6kL6 7x5{ .
@ g+= .. .. cfÇgf] klg gf]S;fg k¥of] jf kg]{ eof] egL jf cfÇgf]
;d]t xs nfUg] xf] egL hUuf hdLg ;f“w l;dfgf ;fx" c;fdL c+za08f bfg
as; lahfO{ ljB't /sd snd ;lGw;k{g s'nf kfgL afnL r/fO{ gf;f] w/f}6
;d]t OToflb / c? s'g} s'/fdf w/ks8 jf egfeg emu8f n5f/ k5f/;Dd eO{
;f]xL 7fp“ p;} avtdf ;fydf eP /x]sf] wgdfn gubL lhG;L vf];L lnP nu]
gf]S;fg u/]sf] ;d]t n'6kL6 7x5{ .
# g+= .. .. ef]u b[li6 jf gf;f] w/f}6df ;d]t lnvt adf]lhd lng
kfpg] eO{ lnPdf afx]s c? cfÇg} xs k'Ug] wgdfn ePklg csf{sf lhDdf
/x]sf]df ;f] lhDdf lng] dflg;sf] d~h'/L lnO{ jf gfln; lbO{ cfÇgf] xs sfod
u/fPkl5 dfq n}hfg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd gu/L To;} nu]sf] eP p;n] lng' kg]{
ljuf] eGbf a9Lsf] wgdfn nu]sf] eP ;os8f kRrL; / lng' kg]{ hlt jf ;f]
eGbf 36L nu]sf] eP ;os8f kGw| ?k}of“ hl/afgf u/L p;n] lnPsf] wgdfn
lkmtf{ u/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
$ g+= .. .. csf{n] nfPsf] kfs]sf] afnL gsf6\b} n'[6kL6 ug]{
u/fpg]nfO{ ;f] n'6kL6 u/] u/fPsf] ljuf]sf] cfÇgf] xs k'Ug] n'6kL6 u/]
u/fPsf]df ;os8f bz / cfÇgf] xs gk'Ug] n'6kL6 u/] u/fPsf]df ;os8f aL;
hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . gkfs]sf] sf“rf] afnL n'6kL6 u/] u/fPsf]df ;f] n'6kL6 u/]
u/fPsf] ljuf]sf] cfÇgf] xs k'Ug] n'6kL6 u/] u/fPsf] eP ;os8f ;f9] afx| /
cfÇgf] xs gk'Ug] n'6kL6 u/] u/fPsf] eP ;os8f kRrL; hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
cfgf] xs k'Ug] n'6kL6 u/] u/fPsf]df cfgf] gf]S;fg ePsf] ljuf] kfp“b}g .
cfÇgf] xs gk'Ug] n'6kL6 u/] u/fPsf] eP gf]S;fgL ljuf] ;f] n'6kL6 ug]{
u/fpg]af6 xs k'Ug]nfO{ e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . n'6kL6 ug{ ;/Ls e} hfg] d'Vo afx]s
c? d2tuf/nfO{ hgxL d'VonfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] d'Vosf] xs k'Ug] n'6kL6 u/]sf]df
rf}yfO{ / d'Vosf] xs gk'Ug] n'6kL6 u/]sf]df cfwf ;hfo x'G5 .
% g+= .. .. c8\8faf6 /f]Ssf ePsf] afnL jf rn crn u}x|,
km's'jf geO{ s;}n] lng vfg x'“b}g . s;}n] n'6kL6 u/L lnP vfP5 eg] To;
s'/fsf] ph"/ k/]df /f]Ssf ug]{ c8\8fn] h;n] lnP vfPsf]5 To;nfO{ t'?Gt kqmL
/f]Ssf eP u/]sf] afnL rn crn hf] hlt xf] To;af6 pk/ u/L c8\8f jf
dfyj/ dflg;sf] lhDdf /fvL lbg' k5{ . lbPg eg] ;f] glbP;Dd c8\8fdf y'Gg' k5{ .
kGw| lbg;Dd y'Gbf klg lkmtf{ a'emfPg eg] n'6kL6 u/]sf] rn crn} ;fa"b km]nf
k/] ;f]xL / gk/] To;sf] ljuf] To;sf hfohft ;d]taf6 pk/ u/L /fVg' k5{ .
kl5 d'2f km};nf ubf{ xs gk'Ug]n] lnP vfPsf] 7x/] ;f] ljuf]sf] ;os8f kRrL;

(162)
?k}of“sf b/n] / xs k'Ug]n] lnP vfPsf] 7x/] klg ;os8f ;f9] afx| ?k}of“sf b/n]
hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . ljuf] xs k'Ug]nfO{ lbg' k5{ .
^ g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] #.$.% gDa/df n]lvPb]lv afx]s c?
t/x;“u n'6kL6 u/]df lng] vfg] gf]S;fg kf/L lbg]af6 ljuf] e/fO{ lghnfO{ ;f]xL
ljuf]sf] ;os8f kRrL; hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . n]lvPsf s'/fdf d2t ug]{
d2tuf/nfO{ hgxL d'VonfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] cfwL ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
& g+= .. .. n'6kL6 ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq gfln; glbP nfUg
;St}g .

(163)
 dxn #
7uLsf]
! g+= .. .. s;}n] cfÇgf] xs gk'Ug] csf{sf] xssf] rn–crn
wgdfn xs k'Ug]nfO{ jf h;sf lhDdfdf /x]sf]5 p;nfO{ nnfO{ –kmsfO{ jf hfn
kl/k~r u/L jf cfÇgf] xs gePsf] ;DklQdf cfÇgf] xs k'Ug] sLt]{ sfuh agfO{,
lbO{ jf k]z u/L jf cfkm";“u gePsf] s'/f cfkm";“u 5 egL em'SofO{ jf em"6f]
s'/fnfO{ ;2] xf] egL em'SofO{ jf c? h'g;'s} Joxf]/f;“u wf]sf lbO{ ukmntdf kf/L
cfÇgf] xs gk'Ug] csf{sf] xssf] rn–crn wgdfn lnP lbP lbnfPdf jf csf{sf]
dfn d]/f] xf] egL jf d]/f] ePsf]5 egL lnvt u/L jf gu/L ;f]xL dfn lnP lbP
laqmL Jojxf/ u/]df jf ;§f k§f u/L lnPdf 7uL u/]sf] 7x5{ .
@ g+= .. .. s;}n] cfgf] gfp“ 9f“6L ;f] gfp“ d]/f] xf]Og, cs}{sf] xf]
egL jf ;f] dflg; d xf]Og cs}{ xf] egL / csf]{ dflg;sf] gfp“nfO{ d]/f] xf] ;f]
dflg; d} x'“ egL eGg' jf To:tf] s'/f csf{af6 hfgL a'emL egfpg' egL lbg' OToflb
h'g;'s} s'/f] u/L xf];\ s;"/ ;hfoaf6 aRgfsf nflu jf a]OdfgLsf] lgot;“u c?
s;}nfO{ wf]sf, ukmnt jf em'Sofgdf kf/L csf{sf] gf]S;fg jf cfÇgf] kmfObf x'g]
sfd u/]df 7uL u/]sf] 7x5{ .
# g+= .. .. 7lug]n] 7uL ug]{nfO{ kqmL efvf td;'s u/fO{ /fv]sf]
/x]5 eg] ;fx" c;fdL ;/x x'G5 .
 $ g+= .. .. 7uL ug]{nfO{ 7uL lnPsf] ljuf] sfod ePdf xs
k'Ug]nfO{ ljuf] e/fO{ ljuf] adf]lhd / ljuf] sfod gePdf kf“r xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd
hl/afgf / kf“r jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 .
% g+= .. .. 7uL ug]{;“u ldnL 7uL u/]sf] wgdfn af“8L lng] jf
7uL ug{nfO{ d2t lbg] jf 7uL ug{sf] lgldQ u/]sf] s'g} lnvtdf hfgL hfgL ;fIfL
x'g] JolQm dltof/ 7x5{ . To:tfnfO{ 7uL ug]{ ;/x ;hfo x'G5 .
^ g+= .. .. 7uL NofPsf] xf] egL hfgL hfgL 7uL NofPsf] wgdfn
lng] jf lsGg]af6 ;f] lnP lsg]sf] wgdfnsf] ljuf] xs k'Ug]nfO{ e/fO{ To:tf] lng]
lsGg]nfO{ b'O{ ;o krf; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf tLg dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'a} ;hfo
x'g]5 .
& g+= .. .. 7uL u/]sf] wgdfn lbP lnPsf]df kfpg] jf lng]sf]
;b/ x'“b}g . hf]l;t 5 p;}af6 dfn eP dfn, geP ljuf] ;f] wgdfndf xs
k'Ug]nfO{ e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . 7uL u/L NofPsf] xf] egL hfgL hfgL lng]sf] y}nL e/fO{
lbg' kb}{g . ghfgL lnPsf] eP y}nL skfnL ;/x x'G5 .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(164)
 
* g+= .. .. o; dxndf n]lvPsf] s'/fdf g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g]df
g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;f] s'/f yfxf ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq / c? cj:yfdf ;f] s'/f
u/] ePsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;Sb}g .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(165)
 dxn $
rf]/Lsf]
! g+= .. .. cfÇgf] xs gk'Ug] crn e} /x]sf]nfO{ rnsf] lx;fa
u/fO{ jf rn wgdfn ;d]t xs k'Ug] wgLnfO{ yfxf glbO{ jf p;sf] d~h'/L gnL
wgLsf] xs d]6fO{ cfkm"n] lngf vfgfsf nflu h'g;'s} s'/f] u/L a]OdfgLsf lgotn]
s;}n] nUof] eg] rf]/L u/]sf] 7x5{ .
@ g+= .. .. ;uf]n kl/jf/df gfafnsnfO{ yfxf lbPsf] jf
gfafnssf] d~h'/L lnPsf]df o;} dxnsf] ! gDa/sf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ wgLnfO{
yfxf lbPsf] jf wgLsf] d~h'/L lnPsf] 7xb}{g . pd]/ k'u]sf c? hfgsf/nfO{ yfxf
lbPsf] jf To:tf] hfgsf/sf] d~h'/L lnPsf]df rf]/L ge} n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] dxn
adf]lhd x'G5 .
# g+= .. .. v'nf 9f]sfaf6 afx]s ;]g jf ;'?· vgL jf leQf ‰ofn
9f]sfx? kmf]/L jf vf]nL jf 5fgf sf}zL ‰ofn k/vfn OToflb u}Å | caf6f]af6 s'g}
t/xn] leq k;L rf]/L u/]sf] jf leq k:bf af6}af6 k;]sf] ePklg lg:sbf ;f]
n]lvPsf lsl;daf6 aflx/ lg:s]sf] eP gsahgL u/]sf] 7x5{ .
$ g+= .. .. rf]/L ubf{ s'6kL6 xftkft u/L jf af“wL lyrL jf
plQv]/} Hofg lng] jf hLp hvd c· e· ug]{ 8/ qf; u/fO{ jf leq a;]sf]
dflg; lg:sg gx'g] u/L 9f]sf aGb u/L rf]/L u/]df jf rf]/L u/]sf] yfxf kfO{
df}s}df jf bk]6\b} uO{ dfn lng jf rf]/ kqmg vf]Hbf rf]/n] dfly n]lvP adf]lhd
hf]/h'n'd u/]df jf ;f] adf]lhd s]xL gu/] klg gfafnssf] hLpsf] wgdfn vf];L
rf]/L u/]sf]df ha/h:tL rf]/L u/]sf] 7x5{ .
% g+= .. .. af6f] 3f6f] jf h·ndf 9'sL ha/h:tL rf]/L u/]sf]
/xhgL 7x5{ .
^ g+= .. .. rf/hgf eGbf a9\tfsf] hdft eO{ ha/h:tL rf]/L jf
/xhgLdf n]lvPsf /Lt;“u jf xftxltof/ lnO{ p7fO{ 5f8L jf x"nx'Hht u/L rf]/L
u/]sf] 8f“sf u/]sf] 7x5{ .
& g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} k|sf/sf] rf]/L ePsf] s'/f yfxf kfPdf ;f]
yfxf kfPsf] ;ft lbgleq glhssf] k|x/L 7fgf rf}sLdf u} of] olt o:tf] wgdfn
olt df]n ljuf]sf] rf]/L eof] egL rf]l/Psf] dfn 36La9L gkf/L b/vf:t lbO{
To;sf] lg:;f lng' k5{ . To:tf] b/vf:t kg{ cfPdf k|x/L sfof{non] To;sf] Ps
k|lt cfÇgf] dflyNnf] sfof{nodf k7fO{ cfkm"n] klg sfg"gL sf/afxL / vf]htnf;
ug'{ k5{ .
* g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} dfn a]Rg /fVg NofPsf]df ;f] dfn rf]/Lsf]
xf] eGg] z°f kg]{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f /x]5 eg] ;f] dfn / ;f] a]Rg /fVg
Nofpg] dflg;nfO{ glhssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ .
( g+= .. .. k|x/Ldf ;"rgf glb+b} ha/h:tL rf]/L, /xhgL jf 8f“sf
ug]{ jf cl3 rf]/Ldf ;hfo kfPsf] rf]/ afx]s c? rf]/nfO{ 5f8]df wgLnfO{ aft

(166)
nfUb}g . h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg wgLn] cfÇgf] lng' kg]{ ljuf] rf]/nfO{ dfkm lbG5
eg] dfkmLsf] sfuh n]vfO{ ;hfosf] xsdf P]g adf]lhd x'G5 . rf]/nfO{ kqmL
cfÇgf] ljuf]df lnvt u/fPsf] /x]5 eg] skfnL ;/x x'G5 .
!) g+= .. .. rf]/L d'2fdf b]xfo adf]hd u/L km};nf ug'{ k5{ – – –
8f“sf afx]s c? k|sf/sf rf]/L d'2fdf s'g} cleo'Qmn] Dofb u'hf/L km/f/
/x]sf]df jf xflh/ kqmfp ePsf cleo'Qmn] cfkm" d'v ;fljt eO{ ;fIfL jf
dltof/ egL kf]n]sf] c? JolQmn] Dofb u'hf/L km/f/ /x]sf]df tL km/f/L xflh/
jf kqmfp ePsf avt sf/afxL km};nf ug]{ u/L lghx?sf xsdf d'ntaL /fvL
;f] d'2fdf c? k|ltjfbLsf xsdf Dofbleq 7x/] adf]lhd km};nf ug'{ k5{ .
d'2fsf] ;a} k|ltjfbL Ps}k6s xflh/ jf kqmfp ge} k6s k6s aofg eO{
;a}sf xsdf Ps}rf]6L d'2f km};nf ug{ c· gk'Ug] ePdf h;sf] xsdf c·
k'U5 To:sf] xsdf Dofbleq km};nf ug]{ ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – !
d'ntaL /x]sfsf xsdf cleo'Qm kqmfp gk/] jf xflh/ ePg eg] klg Ps
jif{ k'u]kl5 d'2f v8f u/L a'lemP;Ddsf] k|df0faf6 7x/] adf]lhd km};nf
ul/lbg' k5{ –––––––––––––––––––––––––––@
;a} k|sf/sf] rf]/L d'2fdf ljuf] h;n] hlt hlt vfPsf] 7x5{ p;af6 plt plt
c;"n u/L lng' k5{ . ljuf] e/fp“bf rf]/L ePsf] dfn kQf nfu]df ;f] dfn g}
e/fO{ lbg' k5{ bflvn ePsf] jf pk/ ePsf] ljuf]af6 e/fO{ gk'u]sf]df wgLn]
;f] ljuf] vfg] ck/fwLsf] hfohft b]vfO{ b/vf:t lbPdf ;f] ljuf] ;f]xL
hfohftaf6 e/fO{ lbg' k5{ / ;/sf/L rf]/Lsf] ljuf] afx]s c?df hfohftaf6
pk/ gePsf] ljuf]df s}b u/fO{ kfp“ egL b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] $@ gDa/
adf]lhd wgLn] b/vf:t lbPdf Ps lbgsf] kRrL; ?k}of“sf] b/n] a9Ldf b'O{
jif{;Dd s}b u/L lbg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
!! g+= .. .. h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] rf]/Ldf kqmfp ePsf]df Ps} k6s
klqmPsf] ePklg hlt k6s hlt 7fp“df rf]/L u/]sf] 7x5{ plt k6ssf] ;hfo
x'G5 . 8f“sf / c? k|sf/sf] rf]/L Ps} hgfn] u/]df 8f“sf / c? k|sf/sf] rf]/Lsf]
a]Unf a]Un} k6s u/L ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . ;f] ubf{ ljb]zdf ;hfo kfPsf] k6s eg]
vfkL ;hfo ug{ x'“b}g .
!@ g+= .. .. 8f“sf, /xhgL, ha/h:tL rf]/L / gsahgL afx]s c?
;fwf/0f rf]/Ldf s;"/bf/nfO{ hgxL ;f] rf]/Lsf] hDdf ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf /
klxnf k6ssf]nfO{ Ps dlxgf, bf];|f] k6ssf]nfO{ tLg dlxgf, t];|f] k6ssf]nfO{ 5
dlxgf, rf}yf] k6ssf]nfO{ Ps jif{, kf“rf} k6ssf]nfO{ b'O{ jif{, 5}7f}+ k6ssf]nfO{
rf/ jif{ / ;f]eGbf a9L hlt;'s} k6s ePklg 5 jif{ s}b ;d]t ug'{ k5{ .
!# g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !@ gDa/ adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] cj:yfdf
rf]/Lsf] ljuf] krf; ?k}of“eGbf sd /x]5 eg] klxnf] k6ssf]nfO{ ;f] gDa/df

 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
;+zf]lwt .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(167)
n]lvPsf] hl/afgfsf] / bf];|f] k6sb]lvsf]nfO{ hl/afgf s}b b'a}sf] cfwf ;hfo ug'{
k5{ . k6s sfod ubf{ hlt;'s} k6sdf ;flat ePklg c8\8faf6 s;"/bf/ 7x/fO{
km};nf ePsf] k|To]s k6snfO{ Ps k6ssf] lx;fa u/L sfod ug'{ k5{ .
!$ g+= .. .. b]xfosf k|sf/sf] rf]/L ug]{nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd ;hfo
ug'{ k5{ – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
gsahgL ug]{nfO{ o;} dxnsf] !@ gDa/ adf]lhd x'g] ;hfosf] 8]9f] a9fO{
;hfo ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
ha/h:tL rf]/L ug]{nfO{ o;} dxnsf] !@ gDa/ adf]lhd x'g] ;hfosf] 8]9f]
a9fO{ ;hfo u/L hl/afgf jfkt ;d]t s}b ug'{ k5{ / ;f] adf]lhd ubf{ rf/
dlxgfb]lv 36L s}b x'g] ePdf rf/ dlxgf s}b ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – @
/xhgL ug]{nfO{ o;} dxnsf] !@ gDa/ adf]lhd x'g] ;hfosf] bf]Aa/ a9fO{
;hfo u/L hl/afgf jfkt ;d]t s}b ug'{ k5{ / ;f] adf]lhd ubf{ 5 dlxgfb]lv
36L s}b x'g] ePdf 5 dlxgf s}b ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
8f“sf ug]{nfO{ ljuf]sf] 8]9f] a9fO{ hl/afgf u/L klxnf] k6ssf]nfO{ 5 jif{,
bf];|f] k6ssf]nfO{ gf} jif{ / t];|f] k6sb]lvsf]nfO{ hlt;'s} k6ssf] ePklg afx|
jif{ s}b ;d]t ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
!% g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !@.!#.!$ gDa/ adf]lhd s;"/bf/nfO{
;hfo ubf{ ;/sf/L sd{rf/L jf dfn wgLn] kqmfp u/L jf kQf nufO{ a/fdb
ePsf] afx]s d'2f km};nf gx'“b} ;f] s;"/bf/n] ljuf] bflvn u¥of] jf pk/ u/fO{
lbof] eg] ;f] adf]lhd bflvn jf pk/ eP hlt ljuf]sf] xsdf ;f] gDa/x?df
n]lvP adf]lhd hl/afgf gu/L ;f] ljuf]sf] bzf}+b dfq hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!^ g+= .. .. !^ jif{ gk'u]sf gfafnsn] rf]/L NofPsf] dfn c?
hfgsf/n] a]r]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] a]Rg]af6 lsGg]sf] y}nL e/fO{ a]Rg]nfO{ ljuf]
adf]lhd hl/afgf ;d]t ug'{ k5{ .
!& g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !@.!$ gDa/ adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] s;"/
ug]{ pBf]u;Dd u/]sf] s;"/ eg] u/L g;s]sf]df ;f] pBf]u ug]{nfO{ h'g s;"/sf]
pBf]u u/]sf] xf] ;f] s;"/df x'g] s}bsf] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
!* g+= .. .. nfu" v'jfO{ a]xf]; u/fO{ o;} dxnsf] !@.!$ gDa/
adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] s;"/ u/]df ;f] s;"/df ;f] gDa/x? adf]lhd x'g] ;hfodf
Ps jif{ ykL s}b ug'{ k5{ .
!( g+= .. .. Psf3/;“u /x]sf s;}n] rf]/L u/L NofPsf] s'g} s'/f
;f] rf]/L NofPsf] yfxf kfO{ vfO/x]sf] ;f]x| jif{ gf3]sf ;f] 3/sf c? hxfgsf
c+zaf6 ;d]t ;f] rf]/Lsf] ljuf] e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd ubf{ ljuf] gk'u]sf]df
rf]/ afx]s c? hxfgnfO{ c? ;hfo x'“b}g .
@) g+= .. .. rf]g{ hf“bf ;“u guPsf] ePklg rf]/L NofPsf] dfn
af“8L lng] dltof/nfO{ hlt k6s hlt af“8L lnPsf]5 ;f] ljuf] e/fO{ ljuf]
adf]lhd hl/afgf u/L rf]/Lsf] k6ssf] s}b adf]lhd s}b ;d]t ug'{ k5{ .

(168)
 @! g+= .. .. rf]/af6 ljuf] e/fp“bf a/fdb e} cfPsf] dfndWo]
lrGxn] jf k|df0faf6 o;sf] eGg] 7x/]sf] hlt h;sf] xf] p;}nfO{ e/fO{ lbO{ c?
wgL kQf gnfu]sf] dfn w/f}6 /fvL tLg dlxgfsf] Dofb 6f“;L lbg' k5{ . ;f]
Dofbleq s;}n] lng cfof] / rf]/Lsf] b/vf:tdf n]lvPsf] dfn;“u ldNg cfof] eg]
lbg' k5{ . To;/L dfn lb+bf bzf}+b nfUg] 5}g . lng cfPg jf b/vf:tsf] dfndf
ldn]g eg] klxn] kqmL Nofpg] wgLnfO{ ;fa"t e/fO{ a9\tf eP c? sfod
u/fO;s]sf] wgLnfO{ bfdf;fxLsf] lx;fan] e/fO{ lbO{ a9L eP lnnfd u/L g]kfn
;/sf/ bflvn ug'{ k5{ . wgL kQf gnfu]sf] ljuf]df hl/afgf x'“b}g . gk'u]df
rf]/sf] hfohftaf6 e/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
@@ g+= .. .. s'g} k|sf/sf] rf]/L ug{ uP dWo]sf s/0fL ug{ jf
Hofg dfg{df ;/Ls gePsf jf ;f] s;"/ gu/]sfnfO{ ;f] rf]/Lsf] dfq ;hfo ug'{
k5{ . To:tf rf]/n] cfkm" gkf]ln+b} jf kqmfp gx'“b} df}s}df Hofg d/]sf] jf s/0fL
ePsf] s'/f hfx]/ u/]df jf s'g} rf]/n] cfkm" ;d]t ldnL rf]/L ug{ uP dWo]sf c?
rf]/nfO{ cfkm" gkf]ln+b} jf kqmfp gx'“b} df}s}df kqmL NofP jf ;'/fs kQf nufO{
kqmfO{ lbPdf ;f] adf]lhd hfx]/ ug]{ jf kqmL Nofpg] jf kqmfO{ lbg] rf]/ s;"/df
;flat eP jf k|df0faf6 s;"/bf/ 7x/] klg lghnfO{ rf]/L u/] jfktsf] ;hfo
gu/L p;n] vfPsf] ljuf];Dd pk/ u/L 5f8L lbg' k5{ .
@# g+= .. .. dfn lsGbf ;f] dfnsf] df]ndf ;os8f kGw|;Dd jf
aGwsdf ;os8f aL;;Dd gfkmf x'g] u/L sfuh gu/L jf ;f]eGbf a9\tf k/] klg
sfuh u/L lnPsf]df rf]/Lsf] eGg] ghfgL lnPsf] eP aft nfUb}g . n]lvPb]lv
a9\tf gfkmf x'g] u/L lnPsf]df sfuh gu/L lnPsf] /x]5 jf rf]/Lsf] xf] egL hfgL
a'emL lnPsf] /x]5 eg] o;} dxnsf] @$ gDa/ adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . o:tf dfnsf]
df]n sfod ubf{ ;f] lnPsf] cj:yfdf ;f] dfnsf] kg]{ df]naf6 ljuf] sfod ug'{ k5{ .
@$ g+= .. .. rf]/Lsf] dfn egL hfgL hfgL lng] jf /fVg]nfO{ jf
lsGg]nfO{ klxnf k6s eP ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . bf];|f] k6sb]lvnfO{
ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf u/L ;f] hl/afgf jfkt s}b ug'{ k5{ . ghfgL lnPsf] eP
hl/afgf s}b x'“b}g . ghfgL lng]x?n] cfgf] ljuf] rf]/ ;d]t h;af6 lnPsf] xf]
p;af6 skfnL ;/x lng kfp“5 . gfafns;“u lnPsf]df y}nL e/fO{ lng kfp“b}g .
@% g+= .. .. h];'s} wgdfn h'g;'s} Joxf]/fn] lnPsf] ePklg
rf]/Lsf] dfn egL hfgL hfgL lnPsf] xf];\ ghfgL lnPsf] xf];\ ;f] dfn rf]/Ls} 7xg{
cfof] eg] hlt 7fp“df k'u]sf] ePklg p;af6 lemsL wgLnfO{ e/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
rf]/Lsf] egL ghfgL gf]6 gubL ;6xL u/]sf] jf ;f] lbO{ lnO{ dfn v/Lb laqmL
u/]sf]df kl5 rf]/Lsf] 7x/] klg ;f] lnPsf] lng]af6 lkmtf{ x'“b}g .
@^ g+= .. .. rf]/ xf] ;dflt b]pm egL Ujfxf/ dfUbf ;'gL ghfg]
;f]x|jif{ dfly k};¶L jif{ d'lgsf hfgsf/ nf]Ug] dflg;nfO{ kGw| ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf
ug'{ k5{ .

 cbfnt Joj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f
yk .

(169)
 @& g+= .. .. o;df ljuf] hl/afgf s}b jf tLg} yf]sdf ;d]t ubf{
klg rf]/Ldf cf7 jif{, gsahgL jf ha/h:tL rf]/Ldf bz jif{, /xhgLdf afx| jif{
/ 8f“sfdf c7f/ jif{b]lv a9L s}b ug{ x'“b}g .
@* g+= .. .. === === ===
@( g+= .. .. s'g} k|sf/sf] rf]/Ldf k|df0f k'Ug] bzL b]vfO{ gfln;
u/] hlxn];'s} klg nfU5 . c? cj:yfdf ;f] eP u/]sf Ps jif{leq ph"/ glbP
nfUg ;St}g .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

(170)
 dxn %
cfuf] nufpg]sf]
! g+= .. .. s;}sf] gf]S;fg u/fpgsf nflu hfgL hfgL cfuf]
nufpg, nufpg nfpg / cfuf] nfpg] pBf]u ug{ u/fpg ;d]t x'“b}g . s;}n]
n]lvPsf sfd u¥of] eg] hlt hgf dflg; eO{ ;f] sfd ePsf]5 plt hgfnfO{ /
dtnaLnfO{ ;d]t aft nfU5 .
@ g+= .. .. s;}n] csf{sf] 3/df ;f] 3/leq dflg; ePsf] hfgL
hfgL cfuf] nufPsf] eP dflg; ;d]t dfgf{sf] lgotn] cfuf] nufPsf] 7x5{ . Hofg
;DaGwLsf] dxn adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
# g+= .. .. s;}n] csf{sf] 3/df cfuf] nufp“bf ufO{ uf]? k/L
uf}aw ePdf jf hvd 3fp ePdf rf}kfofsf] dxn adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
$ g+= .. .. 3/df cfuf] nufO{ lbPsf] ge} 3/ aflx/ /x]sf]
csf{sf] xssf] lhG;L dfn cfuf] nufO{ lbg], cfuf] nfpg pBf]u ug]{ / arg
lbg]nfO{ 3/ rf}kfof dflg; k/]sf] geP gf]S;fg ePsf] ljuf] e/fO{ cfuf]
nufO;s]sf] eP 7fp“ Pssf] 5 dlxgf, cfuf] nfpg pBf]u u/]sf]df cfuf] nufpg
gkfPsf] eP tLg dlxgfsf] b/n] s}b x'G5 . dltof/nfO{ d'VonfO{ x'g] ;hfosf]
cfwL ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
% g+= .. .. csf{sf] 3/df cfuf] nufPdf o; dxnsf] @ gDa/ jf
# gDa/n] ;hfo x'g] cj:yfsf]df afx]s c?df cfuf] nufpg] / ;f] sfddf d'Vo
eO{ jrg lbg] hltnfO{ Ps3/sf] rf/ jif{ / To;b]lv a9L 3/ Pssf] Ps jif{sf
b/n] a9fO{ s}b ug'{ k5{ .
^ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L sfuhkq jf txaLn /x]sf] 3/ jf 7fp“df
cfuf] nufpg] / d'Vo e} arg lbg]nfO{ rf/ jif{b]lv afx| jif{;Dd s}b ug'{ k5{ .
h·L vhfgf /x]sf] 3/ jf 7fp“df cfuf] nfpg]nfO{ / d'Vo e} arg lbg]nfO{ ;j{:j
;lxt hGd s}b ug'{ k5{ . n]lvPb]lv afx]s c? ;/sf/L 3/df cfuf] nfpg]nfO{
o;} dxnsf] $ gDa/ adf]lhd x'G5 .
& g+= .. .. d'Vo e} arg lbg] jf 3/df cfuf] nufpg] afx]s ;f]
sfdsf] dtnaL dltof/nfO{ d'Vo sf/0fLnfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
* g+= .. .. cfuf] nufO{ g;s]sf] ;f] s'/fsf] pBf]u;Dd u/]sf]
/x]5 eg] cfuf] nufpg] / d'Vo e} arg lbg]nfO{ hgxL b'O{ jif{ / ;f] s'/fsf]
dtnaL dltof/nfO{ Ps jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ . ;/sf/L sfuhkq jf txaLn /x]sf]
3/ jf 7fp“df eP ;f] ;hfosf] bf]Aa/ ug'{ k5{ .
( g+= .. .. cfuf] nufO{ gf]S;fg kf/]sf] ljuf] hfohftaf6 pk/
geO{ af“sL ljuf]df s}b u/L kfp“ egL wgLn] eGof] eg] rf]/Lsf] dxnsf] !) gDa/
adf]lhd x'G5 .

(171)
 !) g+= .. .. 3/df cfuf] nfp“bf rf}kfof / wgdfn k/L gf]S;fg
ePsf]df df]n ljuf] v'n]df ;f]xL adf]lhd / gv'n]sf]df k~rs[lt df]n u/fO{ cfuf]
nufO{ lbg] sfd ug]{ u/fpg]sf hfohftaf6 e/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
!! g+= .. .. ;j{:j ;lxt hGd s}b x'g]df afx]s o; dxnsf c?
s'/fdf afx| jif{b]lv a9\tf s}b ug{ x'“b}g .
!@ g+= .. .. ufO{, uf]? jf dflg; d/]df gfln; ug]{ xbDofbsf]
xsdf ;f]xL s'/fsf] dxn adf]lhd xbDofb sfod ug'{ k5{ . ;f] afx]s o; dxndf
n]lvPsf cGo s'/fdf ;f] eP u/]sf ldltn] Ps jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

(172)
 dxn ^
vf]6f rngsf]
! g+= .. .. ;/sf/L 6s nfu]sf] l;Ssf gf]6, l6s6, 5fk nfu]sf]
lnkmf, dfgf, kfyL / lgzfgf gDa/ nfu]sf] 9s, uh OToflb l:ylt rngsf s'/f
s;}n] jflx8f 6s df/L 5fk, gDa/, lgzfgf OToflb 9fnL vf]bL agfpg, agfpg
nufpg, agfpg pBf]u ug{ / To:tf dfn s;}n] hfgL hfgL v/Lb laqmL ug{ cf}
;/sf/L 6s 5fk gnfu]sf n]lvPsf dfnaf6 eg{ gfk hf]v tf}n ug'{ OToflb u/L
rnfpg / Ps km]/f sfd nufO{ /2L e};s]sf] l6s6 lnkmf OToflb 6f“;L km]l/
sfddf nufpg ;d]t x'“b}g . u/] vf]6f rng u/]sf] 7x5{ .
@ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L 6s nfu]sf l;Ssfdf b}jL k/L a]sDdf ePsf]
/ c8\8faf6 sf6L lkmtf{ lbPsf] bfuL jf dfnf afx]s c? g]kfn ;/sf/ g;f]wL
ufNg x'“b}g .
# g+= .. .. wft', h'xf/ft jf vfg] rLhaLh OToflb u}x| dfn
em'§fnfO{ ;2] xf] egL em'SofO{ jf sk6 ldnfO{ laqmL ug{ / gfKg], tf}Ng] eg]{ sfddf
gfk k|df0f l:ylteGbf 36L a9L kf/L gfKg, tf}ng, eg{ / ;f] ugf{ lgldQ To:tf
sk6L dfn k;ndf /fVg ;d]t x'“b}g .
$ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L 6s, 5fk, gDa/, lgzfgf OToflb jflx8f
nufpg]nfO{ lghaf6 ljuf] pk/ u/L b]xfodf n]lvP adf]l hd ug'{ k5{ – – – – – –
l;Ssf jflx8f 6s dfg]{ jf gf]6 jflx8f 5fKg]nfO{ ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf u/L
bz jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ –––––––––––––––––––––––!
laqmL x'g] l6s6 jf lnkmf OToflb jflx8f 5fKg]nfO{ ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf
u/L 5 jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
9s, dfgf, kfyL, uh OToflbdf jflx8f 5fk, gDa/ lgzfgf nufpg]nfO{ ljuf]
adf]lhd hl/afgf u/L Ps jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
dfly n]lvPsf sfddf nufOPsf] / nfUg] dfn;fdfg hkmt ug'{ k5{ – – – – $
% g+= .. .. ;/sf/L 6s dfg]{ 6S;f/ / l6s6, lnkmf, dfgf, kfyL,
uh, 9s OToflb 5fKg], gDa/ lgzfgf nufpg] c8\8fsf ;f] sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Ln]
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfb]z k"hL{ sfg"g s]xL ge} 9s, 5fk, uh, gDa/ lgzfgf OToflb
df¥of], 5fKof], 9fNof], gDa/ lgzfgf nufO{ agfof], agfpg nufof] jf ;f] s'/fsf]
pBf]u u¥of] jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf cfb]z k"hL{ sfg"gn] 6s dfg]{, 5fKg], 9fNg], gfKg],
gDa/ lgzfgf vf]b\g] ubf{ klg hfgL hfgL tf}n, gfk k|df0faf6 36L a9L kf/L
sfd u¥of] eg] o;} dxnsf] $.^.&.!* gDa/ adf]lhd x'g] ;hfodf ;jfO{ a9fO{
;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
^ g+= .. .. jflx8f 6s dfg]{ / gf]6, l6s6, lnkmf, 9s, dfgf,
kfyL uh OToflbdf ;/sf/L 5fk, gDa/ lgzfgf 5fKg, vf]b\g, 9fNg, agfpg nfu]
nufPsf] /x]5 jf ;f] lgotn] agfpg], 5fKg], 9fNg] 5fk, ;f“rf], ;/hfdx? cfgf

(173)
;fy jf 8]/f, 3/, k;ndf /fv]sf] /x]5 eg] o;} dxnsf] $ gDa/df n]lvPsf]
;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
& g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] $ gDa/sf] ck/fw ug]{ ;Nnfxdf k;]sf
dtnaLnfO{ ;f]xL gDa/df n]lvPsf] s}bsf] cfwf s}b ug'{ k5{ . To; sfdaf6 s]xL
lnP vfPsf] eP ;f] ljuf] pk/ u/L ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf ;d]t ug'{ k5{ .
 * g+= .. .. ljb]zL ;/sf/sf] d'b|f jf d'b|f ;/x rngdf cfpg
;Sg] r]s OToflb g]kfnleq a;L 6s df/] agfPsf]df jf ljb]zdf 6s df/]
agfPsf] vf]6f d'b|f jf d'b|f ;/x rngdf cfpg ;Sg] r]s OToflb g]kfnleq
NofPsf] jf rng u/]sf] jf ;f] sfdx? ug]{ pBf]u ug]{ jf To:tf] ug]{ dtnadf
k:g] JolQm k|To]snfO{ ;f] d'b|fdf n]lvPsf] ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf u/L kf“r
jif{;Dd s}b ug'{ k5{ / To:tf] vf]6f d'b|f hkmt u/L /2 ug'{ k5{ . vf]6f] eGg]
ghfgL lng]nfO{ s]xL ug'{ kb}{g .
*s= g+= .. .. /2 ul/;s]sf] r]s OToflb ;f] s'/f bjfO{ em'SofO{
rng ug]{ jf rng ug{ k|oTg ug]{nfO{ r]s hkmt u/L * g+= df n]lvPsf ;hfosf]
cfwf;Dd ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
( g+= .. .. bz Ro'+6Lsf] Ps d'7L, bz d'7Lsf] Ps dfgf, cf7
dfgfsf] Ps kfyL / aL; kfyLsf] Ps d'/L x'G5 .
!) g+= .. .. cf7j6f k]6 ldn]sf] hf}sf] Ps c+u'n, afx| c+u'nsf]
Ps laQf, b'O{ laQfsf] Ps xft, b'O{ xftsf] Ps uh cyjf 5QL; OGrsf] Ps uh
x'G5 .
!! g+= .. .. wfgL{ut tf}ndf cf7 nfnsf] Ps df;f, afx| df;fsf]
Ps tf]nf, ;f9] rf/ tf]nfsf] Ps sg'jf, rf/ sg'jfsf] Ps kfp, rf/ kfpsf] Ps
;]/, 8]9 ;]/sf] Ps la;f}nL, b'O{ la;f}nLsf] Ps wfgL{ / dgut tf}ndf bz nfnsf]
Ps df;f, bz df;fsf] Ps tf]nf, kf“r tf]nfsf] Ps 56fs, rf/ 56fssf] Ps
kfp, rf/ kfpsf] Ps ;]/ / rfnL; ;]/sf] Ps dg x'G5 .
!@ g+= .. .. rf;gL / tf}ndf 36fO{ s;/ gfkmf vfg]nfO{ 36fPsf]
ljuf] a'emL ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!# g+= .. .. eg]{, gfKg], tf}Ng], dfgf, kfyL, 9s, uh OToflbdf
36fO{ a9fO{ rng ug]{nfO{ / ;f] 36] a9]sf] j:t' rng ugf{ lgldQ ablgotn]
k;ndf /fVg]nfO{ ;f] gf]S;fgL ljuf] e/fpg' kg]{df e/fO{ k6s} lkR5] krf;
?k}of“sf b/n] hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!$ g+= .. .. 5fk, gDa/, lgzfgf gnfu]sf dfgf, kfyL, 9s, uh
OToflb km]nf k/]df / tf}n ug]{ sf“6f / 5fk gDa/ nfu]sf dfgf, kfyL, 9s, uh,
OToflbdf klg s]xL Joxf]/fn] tf}n k|df0fsf] s}lkmot u/L 36L a9L kg]{ u/] u/fPsf]

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(174)
To:tf dfn km]nf k/] hkmt u/L rng gfnfossf] t'NofO{ a]sDdf u/fO{ lnnfd
laqmL u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ bflvn ug'{ k5{ .
!% g+= .. .. u}x| dfn em'§fnfO{ ;2] xf] egL jf sk6 ldnfO{ a]r]df
;f] a]Rbf a9L cfPsf] s;/sf] df]nsf] ljuf] gf]S;fg kg]{ wgLnfO{ e/fO{ a]Rg]nfO{
k6s} lkR5] krf; ?k}of“sf b/n] hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!^ g+= .. .. s;}n] klg vf]6f, dfnf, Kjfn k/]sf] jf kf]lnO{ jf c?
s]xL e} 6s ga'lemg] ePsf] bfuL l;Ssf rng Jojxf/ ug'{ x'“b}g . n]lvP afx]s
c? dn]bf jf 5]p5fpdf 3]/f em/]sf] jf km'6]sf] c8\8f nufot ;a}n] lng] lbg] ug'{
k5{ . km'6] em/]sf] egL glng]nfO{ ;f] glnPsf ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf x'G5 . rng
Jojxf/ ug{ gx'g] l;Ssf c8\8fdf a'emfpg NofPsf]df eg] sf6L b'O{ 6'qmf kf/L
lkmtf{ lbg' k5{ . sf6\g gkg]{ l;Ssf sf6L lkmtf{ lbPsf] 7x/] ;f] sf6\g] ;/sf/L
sd{rf/LnfO{ sf6]sf] ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf u/L gf]S;fgL ljuf] ;d]t e/fO{ lbg'
k5{ .
!& g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/sf/n] sf6L lbPsf bfuL dfnf / b}jL k/L
a]sDdf ePsf] afx]s ;/sf/L 6s nfu]sf] c? l;Ssf g]kfn ;/sf/ g;f]wL
ufNg]nfO{ ufn]sf] ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!* g+= .. .. vf]6f] 6s, 5fk, gDa/, lgzfgf nfu]sf gub
lhG;Ldfn hfgL hfgL k"/f df]ndf rnfO{ kmfObf p7fpg] lgotn] lsGg] a]Rg] rng
Jojxf/ ug]{nfO{ ljuf] hkmt u/L Ps;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!( g+= .. .. Ps km]/f sfd nfuL /2L e} ;s]sf] l6s6, lnkmf
em'Sofgdf kf/L rnfpg] lgotn] hfgL hfgL km]l/ sfddf nfpg] jf sfddf nufpg
pBf]u ug]{nfO{ l6s6 jf lnkmf yfg Pssf] ljuf] krf; ?k}of“eGbf 36L eP kmL
yfg krf; ?o}of“sf b/n] / a9L eP ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
@) g+= .. .. ;/sf/L gf]6 l;Ssf ;f] gf]6 l;Ssfd} n]lvP
adf]lhdsf] b/df lng' lbg' k5{ . 36L a9L kf/L lnP lbP jf rng u/] u/fPdf
ljuf] hkmt u/L kf“r ;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 .
@! g+= .. .. ;/sf/L gf]6 l;Ssf dWo] of] o:tf] gf]6 l;Ssf rng
rNtL gug'{ egL jf o:tf] 7fp“df gn}hfg' egL g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf
k|sflzt cfb]zåf/f dgfxL ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;f] adf]lhd dgfxL ul/Psf] gf]6 l;Ssf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ;f]xL ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf]
;doleq tf]lsPsf] 7fp“df bflvn ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . ;f] adf]lhd bflvn x'g
cfPsf] gf]6 l;Ssfsf] ;§f ;f] bflvn ug]{nfO{ rng rNtLdf /x]sf] plQs} df]nsf]
csf]{ gf]6 l;Ssf lbOg]5 . n]lvP adf]lhd dgfxL ePsf] gf]6 l;Ssf cfb]zsf]
jlv{nfk s;}n] rng rNtLdf NofP jf dgfxL ePsf] 7fp“df nu]df jf bflvn ug'{
kg]{ 7fp“df Dofbleq bflvn gu/]df To:tf] gf]6 l;Ssf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfb]zaf6
hkmt x'g ;Sg]5 / To:tf] gf]6 l;Ssf s;}n] rng rNtL ul//x]sf] jf rf]/L
lgsf;L u/]sf] jf n'sfO{ bjfO{ /fv]sf] kqmfp u/L ;fljt u/fO{ lbg]nfO{ ;f] kqmfp
ePsf] JolQmaf6 hkmt ul/Psf] gf]6 l;Ssfsf] ;os8f bz rng rNtLdf /x]sf]
gf]6 l;Ssfaf6 k'/:sf/ lbOg]5 .

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 @@ g+= .. .. o; dxndf æ;/sf/LÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6
:jLs[t ePsf] ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
@# g+= .. .. vf]6f 6s df/] agfPsf] sfd u/]sf]5 eGg] s'/fdf ;f]
ug]{sf] hLp;Dd / ;f] afx]s c? s'/fdf ;f] sfd eP u/]sf ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq
ph"/ glbP nfUg ;Sb}g .
@$ g+= .. .. o; dxnsf s'/fdf s}b ug'{ kbf{ afx| jif{b]lv a9\tf
ug{ x'“b}g .

(176)
 dxn &
rf}kfofsf]
! g+= .. .. df/f}+ eGg] lgot lnO{ ufO{, uf]? dfg{, dfg{ nufpg,
dfgf{sf] pBf]u ug{, ;f] lgotn] ljb]zdf n}hfg jf nuL laqmL ug{ ;d]t x'“b}g .
n]lvP afx]s P]gn] dgfxL ePsf] / cfÇgf] xs gk'Ug] c? rf}kfof hgfj/, kz'
k+IfL ;d]t df/L gf]S;fg ul/lbg ;d]t x'“b}g .
@ g+= .. .. df/f}+ eGg] lgot gu/L pksf/sf lgldQ jf c? s]xL
s'/f ubf{ cs:dft nfUg uO{ jf s]xL eO{ ufO{ uf]? dg{ uPsf] eP eljtJo 7x5{ .
hLpdf k/]sf] kL8f lgsf] u/fpgsf nflu pksf/sf lgldQ hLpdf 3fp nufpg,
8fDg jf s]xL c·af6 /ut lemSg x'G5 .
# g+= .. .. … … …
$ g++ .. .. hfgL hfgL ufO{, uf]? dfg{ egL s;}n] xltof/ p7fO{
jf c? s'g} lsl;d;“u dfg{ tof/ ePsf] b]lvof] eg] dfg{ x'“b}g egL dgfxL ug'{ k5{ .
gdfgL dgfxL ug]{ dflg;nfO{ ;d]t xltof/ rnfof] eg] To;} 7fp“df sf6L xflg
dfg]{nfO{ vtaft nfUb}g . ;f] afx]ssf] cj:yfdf eg] dfg{ x'“b}g . kqmL c8\8fdf
;'kb{ u/L lbg' k5{ .
% g+= .. .. s;}n] ufO{, uf]?nfO{ xltof/ jf nf7f 9'·f OToflbn]
xfg]sf]df ;f] ufO{, uf]? ;f]xL kL/n] p7\g g;sL ynf k/L PSsfO{; lbgleq d¥of]
eg] ;f]xL xfGg]sf] rf]6n] d/]sf] 7x5{ . Dofb gf3L d/]df jf lx8\g 8'Ng nfu] kl5
c? Joyf nfuL d/]sf]df ;f] xfGg]nfO{ To;n] nufPsf] 3f vtsf] dfq ;hfo
x'G5 .
^ g+= .. .. P]gn] dfg{ dgfxL ePsf rf}kfof hgfj/ afx]s c?
kfnL /fv]sf rf}kfofn] cfÇgf] afnL gf]S;fg ul/lbPdf tL rf}kfof klg dfg{, v"gL
ul/lbg x'“b}g . k|x/L sfof{nodf nuL a'emfO{ gf]S;fg ePsf] ljuf] wgLaf6 lng
kfp“5 . v"gL u/fO{ lbPsf] eP afnLsf] ljuf] kfp“b}g . ufO{ uf]? afx]s c? hgfj/
v"gL u/]df ;hfo x'“b}g . df/]df wgLsf] ljuf] e/fO{ ;hfo klg ug'{ k5{ .
& g+= .. .. kfnL/fv]sf] hgfj/ dflQO{ af}nfO{ jf c? yf]s s]xL
eO{ gf]S;fg ug]{ b]lvPdf ;d]t To;af6 x'g ;Sg] hf]lvdL gf]S;fgLsf] x/ t/xaf6
arfp /fvL x]/rfx k'¥ofO{ s;}nfO{ gf]S;fg ug{ gkfpg] u/L kfNg' /fVg' k5{ . ;f]
adf]lhd u/]af6 xflg, 6f]sL jf c? s]xL s'/f u/L s;}sf] Hofg dg{ uof] eg]
To;sf] wgLnfO{ eljtJosf] P]g adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . dflg; dfg]{ rf}kfofsf xsdf
hkmt u/L df/L df;' vfg x'g] hftsf] hgfj/ /x]5 eg] sf6L df;' lnnfd ul/lbg'
k5{, df;' vfg gx'g] eP kmfnL ufl8lbg' k5{ . ufO{ uf]? / c? P]gn] dfg{ gx'g]n fO{
eg] glhsdf ;/sf/L uf]7, ta]nf, xfQL;f/ h] 5 pxL k7fO{ gf]S;fg ug{ gkfpg]
lx;fa;“u arfp u/L /fVg] s'/fsf] ;d]t hgfp lbg' k5{ . 3/sf dflg;df hxfg
jf To;sf] x]/rfx ug]{ dflg;nfO{ df/]sf] eP aft nfUb}g . hgfj/sf xsdf hkmt

 kz' jwzfnf / df;' hf“r P]g, @)%% €f/f vf/]h .

(177)
u/L n]lvP adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ . dflg; afx]s c? csf{sf] rf}kfof dfl/lbPdf eP
To;sf] ljuf] e/fO{ P]g adf]lhd ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . ;jf/ rl9/x]sf] a]nfdf xfQL,
3f]8f OToflb ;jf/Lsf hgfj/n] s]xL Joxf]/f;“u gf]S;fg u/]df tT;DaGwL sfg"g
adf]lhd x'G5 .
* g+= .. .. ;f“9] jf a'9f vf8f ufO{, uf]? jf gJofpg] j}nf ufO{
ljb]zdf nfg, k7fpg / nuL laqmL ug{ ;d]t x'“b}g . s;}n] u¥of] eg] laqmL
ePsf]df ljuf] hkmt u/L hLp Pssf] Ps;o ?k}of“sf b/n] hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
ljb]zL d'n'sdf nfg egL lx+8fPsf] k'¥ofpg gkfp“b} aLr}df kqmfp ePsf] eP hLp
Pssf] krf; ?k}of“sf] b/n] hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
( g+= .. .. a;fxf jf 8fdL 5f8]sf ;f“9] s;}n] a]Rg lsGg
x'“b}g . lsg] a]r] a]Rg]sf] y}nL hkmt u/L a]Rg]nfO{ ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . 8fd]sf] lrGx
ePsf] yfxf gkfO{ lsGg]nfO{ aft nfUb}g . a]Rg]af6 y}nL lkmtf{ lnO{ lsGg]nfO{
lbnfO{ a]Rg]nfO{ ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
!) g+= .. .. g]kfn ;/xbaf6 s'g} k|sf/sf ufO{, uf]?, ;f“9], a;fxf
ljb]zdf nuL dfg]{ d/fpg]nfO{ 5 jif{;Dd s}b ug'{ k5{ .
!! g+= .. .. hfgL hfgL ufO{ uf]? dfg]{nfO{ afx| jif{ / jrg
lbg]nfO{ 5 jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ . rf}+/L ufO{ dfg]{nfO{ hLp Pssf] rfnL; ?k}of“sf b/n]
hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!@ g+= .. .. dfgf{sf dtnan] ufO{ uf]?nfO{ ljif v'jfPsf]df gd/]
;f] v'jfpg]nfO{ 5 jif{, arg lbg]nfO{ tLgjif{ / v'jfpg] pBf]u;Dd u/]sf] v'jfO{
g;s]sf] eP b'O{jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ .
!# g+= .. .. dfgf{sf dtnan] ufO{ uf]?nfO{ ;dftL lbO{ jf af“w
5f“b ul/lbO{ c?sf xftaf6 d/fpg]nfO{ 5 jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ .
!$ g+= .. .. ufO{ uf]?nfO{ s'6kL6 u/L c·e· ug]{nfO{ b'O{ jif{ s}b
/ 3fp /utkR5] ug]{nfO{ b'O{;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . rf}+/L ufO{nfO{
c·e· jf 3fp /utkR5] ug]{nfO{ aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!% g+= .. .. s;}sf] ufO{ uf]?nfO{ s'6\bf eljtJo eO{ ufO{ uf]? dg{
uPdf ljuf] e/fO{ ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!^ g+= .. .. … … …
!& g+= .. .. 5f8f u/L kfn]sf] rf}kfofn] jf uf]7fnf nfPsfn]
uf]7fnfn] x]/rfx gk'¥ofO{ lb+bf dflg; rf}kfofnfO{ hLp dg]{ u/L rf]6 k6s hLp
hvd kf¥of] eg] 5f8f /fv]sf] rf}kfofn] df/]df rf}kfofsf wgLnfO{ / ;f]x| jif{
pd]/ k'u]sf] xf];\ b'?:t ePsf] uf]7fnfsf] lhDdfsf]n] eP uf]7fnfnfO{ / ;f]x| jif{
pd]/ gk'u]sf] uf]7fnf] lhDdfsfn] eP dfn wgLnfO{ g} aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{
k5{ .

 kz' jwzfnf / df;' hf“r P]g, @)%% €f/f vf/]h .

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 !* g+= .. .. a;fxf, 8fdL 5f8]sf] ;f“9] / ufO{ s;}n] hf]Tg x'“b}g .
hf]Tgdf k|of]u u/]sf] rf}kfofnfO{ km';{b ul/lbO{ hf]Tg] dflg;nfO{ aL; ?k}of“;Dd
hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!( g+= .. .. uf}aw ePsf s'/fdf 5 dlxgfleq / c?df eP u/]sf
ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

(179)
 dxn *
j]/Lt;“u y'Gbfsf]
! g+= .. .. P]gn] y'Gg' kg]{ d'2fdf kqmfp ePsf dflg;nfO{ y'Gbf
cGg kfgL ;d]tsf] vfg]s'/f vfgkLg lbO{ jf P]g adf]lhd l;wf nufO{ vfg lbO{
dfq y'Gg' k5{ . ;f] adf]lhd gu/L jf P]gn] y'Gg gx'g ] dflg;nfO{ vfgkLg lbO{ jf
glbO{ y'g]df ;d]t aft nfU5 .
@ g+= .. .. cGgkfgL vfg glbO{ y'g]sf]df c;v la/fdL jf afx|
jif{ gk'u]sf jf ;f7L jif{ gf3]sf dflg;nfO{ tLg lbg tLg /ft y'Gbf dg{ uPdf /
n]lvP afx]s c? cj:yfsf dflg;nfO{ ;ft lbgb]lv a9L y'Gbf ;f]xL s'/ fn] dg{
uof] eg] Hofgdf/f 7x5{ . Hofg ;DaGwLsf dxn adf]lhd ;hfo x'G5 . vfg lbO{
y'g]sf]df c? Joyf nfuL dg{ uPdf / vfgkLg lbPsf]df gvfO{ dg{ uPdf eg] aft
nfUb}g .
# g+= .. .. cGgkfgL aGb u/L y'Gg]nfO{ Hofg d/]sf] geP Ps
lbg Ps /ftsf] kf“r ?k}of“, b'O{ lbgsf] kGw| ?k}of“, tLg lbgsf] tL; ?k}of“, rf/
lbgsf] ;f7L ?k}of“, kf“r lbgsf] Ps;o aL; ?k}of“, 5 lbgsf] b'O{;o rfnL; ?k}of“,
;ft lbgsf] rf/;o c:;L ?k}of“, cf7 lbgsf] gf};o ;f7L ?k}of“, gf} lbgsf]
Psxhf/ gf};o aL; ?k}of“, bz lbgsf] tLg xhf/ ?k}of“, P3f/ lbgb]l v k|To]s
lbgsf] tLg ;o ?k}of“sf b/n] ykL PSsfO{; lbg;Ddsf] 5 xhf/ tLg;o ?k}of“sf
b/n] hl/afgf / hlt lbg y'g]sf] xf] plt lbg;Dd s}b ug'{ k5{ . ;f] y'Gbf g]n
rdf]6 xfnL jf l7+u'/f 7f]sL y'g]sf] eP n]lvPsf ;hfosf] ;jfO{ / xts8L jf
unkmGbL ;d]t xfnL y'g]sf] eP 8]9L a9fO{ ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . n]lvP adf]lhd u/L
hf];'s}n] gfafnsnfO{ / nf]Ug] dflg;n] :jf:gL dflg;nfO{ y'g]sf]df dfly n]lvPsf]
hl/afgfsf] bf]Aa/ a9fO{ ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
$ g+= .. .. P]gn] y'gfdf /fVg x'g]df afx]s s;}n] s;}nfO{
vfgkLg lbO{ y'g]df hlt lbg y'g]sf]5 plt lbgsf] dlxgf Pssf] Ps ;o krf;
?k}of“sf b/n], g]n rdf]6 xfnL jf l7+u'/f 7f]sL y'g]sf]df tLg ;o ?k}of“sf b/n] /
xts8L unkmGbL xfnL y'g]sf]df rf/ ;o krf; ?k}of“sf b/n] hl/afgf / hlt
lbg y'g]sf] 5 plt lbg;Dd s}b ug'{ k5{ . nf]Ug]dflg;n] :jf:gLdflg;nfO{ jf
hf];'s}n] gfafns jf ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ y'g]sf]df eg] dfly n]lvPsf] ;hfosf]
bf]Aa/ ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
% g+= .. .. d'2f k/L sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf P]gn] y'Gg' kg]{ b]vL
c;n lgotn] y'g]sf]df kl5 y'Gg gx'g] 7x/] klg ;DalGwt ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{
o; dxn adf]lhd ;hfo x'“b}g .
^ g+= .. .. y'Gg]af6 c;"n ePsf] hl/afgfsf] cGgkfgL vfg lbO{
y'g]sf] eP tLg v08sf] Ps v08 / cGgkfgL vfg glbO{ y'g]sf] eP cfwf y'gfO{
dfUg]nfO{ e/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
& g+= .. .. y'g]sf] s'/fdf y'gfaf6 5'6]sf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq
gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

(180)
 dxn *s= 

ckx/0f ug]{ tyf z/L/ aGws lng]sf]

! g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} JolQmnfO{ an k|of]u u/L jf k|of]u ug]{ wDsL lbO{,
8/ qf; b]vfO{, hf]/h'n'd u/L, xftxltof/ b]vfO{, 5nsk6 u/L, e'mSofgdf kf/L
jf gzfn' jf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/fO{ jf s'g} oftfoftsf] ;fwg s' g} lsl;dn]
sAhf jf lgoGq0fdf lnO{ s'g} 7fp“df hfg afWo u/fpg jf s'g} JolQmnfO{ lghsf]
d~h'/L ljgf jf gfafns / dfgl;s ?kdf c:j:y JolQmnfO{ lghsf] lxtsf]
lgldQ lghsf] afa', cfdf jf ;+/Ifssf] d~h'/L afx]s s'g} 7fp“df n}hfg x'b“ }g .
;f] u/] ckx/0f u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
@ g+= .. .. dfgl;s ?kdf c:j:y JolQmnfO{ lghsf] afa', cfdf jf
;+/Ifssf] d~h'/L lnO{ c;n lgotn] lghsf] lxtsf] lgldQ y'lgPsf]df afx]s
s;}n] s'g} JolQmnfO{ an k|of]u u/L jf k|of]u ug]{ wDsL lbO{, 8/ qf; b]vfO{,
hf]/h'n'd u/L, xftxltof/ b]vfO{, 5nsk6 u/L, e'mSofgdf kf/L jf gzfn' jf
dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/fO{ jf s'g} oftfoftsf] ;fwg jf 7fp“ s'g} lsl;dn] sAhfdf
lnO{ jf To;pk/ cglws[t tj/n] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ y'Gg x'b“ }g . ;f] u/] z/L/
aGws lnPsf] dflgg]5 .
# g+= .. .. s;}nfO{ Hofg lng], s'6kL6 u/L rf]6 k'¥ofpg], ha/h:tL
s/0fL jf ck|fs[lts d}y'g ug]{, laqmL ug]{, bf; agfpg], lghsf] OR5f lj?4
sfddf nufpg], oftgf lbg], a]Zofj[lQdf nufpg], s'g} sfd ug{ jf u/fpg afWo
u/fpg], 5'6sf/f /sd -lkm/f}tL_ lng] jf z/L/ aGwsdf lnOPsf] JolQm jf
lghsf] xsjfnfsf] wg ;DklQ k|fKt ug]{, Joj;fo ;dk{0f u/fpg] jf k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd s;"/ x'g] cGo s'g} sfd ug{ nufpg] p2]Zon] o; dxnsf] ! jf
@ g+= adf]lhd ckx/0f u/]df jf z/L/ aGws lnPdf ;f] ug]{ u/fpg] JolQmnfO{
;ft jif{b]lv kGw| jif{;Dd s}b / krf; xhf/ ?k}of“b]lv b'O{ nfv ?k}of“;Dd
hl/afgf / n]lvP afx]s cGo p2]Zon] ckx/0f u/]df jf z/L/ aGws lnPdf
rf/ jif{b]lv cf7 jif{;Dd s}b / kRrL; xhf/ ?k}of“b]lv Ps nfv ?k}of“;Dd
hl/afgf x'G5 .
$ g+= .. .. o; dxndf n]lvPsf] s;"/ ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{, cfb]z lbg] jf
To:tf] s;"/ x'g'eGbf cufj} s;"/ ug{ ;xdlt lbg] JolQmnfO{ ;f] s;"/ lghn] g}
u/] ;/x ;hfo x'G5 .
% g+= .. .. s'g} JolQmn] o; dxndf n]lvPsf] s;"/ ul/g;s]sf], ;f]
s'/fsf] pBf]u;Dd u/]sf] eP To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ;f] s;"/df x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf
;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
^ g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} /sd dfu u/L To:tf] /sd glbPdf ckx/0f ug]{ jf
z/L/ aGws lng] wDsL lbPdf lghnfO{ pBf]u ug]{ JolQm ;/x ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .

 af¥xf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(181)
 & g+= .. .. b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L JolQm ldnL jf ;·l7t ?kdf s'g}
JolQmnfO{ ckx/0f u/]sf] jf z/L/ aGws lnPsf] eP ;f] sfddf ;+nUg ;a}
JolQmnfO{ o; dxn adf]lhd x'g] ;hfodf b'O{ jif{ yk u/L ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
* g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} JolQmnfO{ ckx/0f u/L jf z/L/ aGws lnO{ lgh
pk/ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] cGo s'g} s;"/ u/]sf] /x]5 eg] To:tf]
JolQmnfO{ o; dxn adf]lhd x'g] ;hfosf] cltl/Qm ;f] sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] ;hfo
;d]t ug'{ k5{ .
( g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] !, @ jf # g+= adf]lhdsf] s;"/ dlxnf jf
gfafns lj?4 ul/Psf] eP o; dxn adf]lhd x'g] ;hfodf b'O{ jif{ yk u/L
;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
!) g+= .. .. o; dxn adf]lhdsf] s;"/ ug]{ JolQmn] s;"/ ubf{ub}{sf]
avt ;'/IffsdL{ ;dIf cfTd;dk{0f u/L cg' ;Gwfgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPdf cj:yf x]/L
lghnfO{ sd ;hfo ug{ ;lsG5 .
!! g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} JolQmnfO{ g]kfnaflx/ nuL o; dxn adf]lhd
ckx/0f ug]{ jf z/L/ aGws lng] jf g]kfnL gful/snfO{ g]kfnaflx/ o; dxn
adf]lhd ckx/0f ug]{ jf z/L/ aGws lng] sfo{ u/] u/fPsf] /x]5 eg] lghn]
g]kfnleq} s;"/ u/] ;/x dfgL To:tf] JolQmnfO{ o; dxn adf]lhd ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
!@ g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] !, @ jf # g+= adf]lhd s;"/ u/] u/fPsf] s'/f
k|dfl0ft x'g cfPdf d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fn] kLl8t JolQmnfO{ k'Ug uPsf] zf/Ll/s tyf
dfgl;s Ifltsf] ljrf/ u/L ;f] s;"/ ug]{ u/fpg] JolQmaf6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{
s;"/ ePsf] lbgb]lv k|To]s lbgsf] sDtLdf kf“r ;o ?k}of“sf] b/n] Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t
e/fO{ lbg' k5{ . kLl8t JolQmsf] d[To' eO;s]sf]df To:tf] Ifltk"lt{ lghsf] glhssf]
xsbf/n] kfp“5 . ckx/0f ug]{ jf z/L/ aGws lng] JolQmn] 5'6sf/f /sd
-lkm/f}tL_ jf cGo s'g} nfe lnO;s]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] ;d]t ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{
lkmtf{ u/fO{ To:tf] JolQmnfO{ o; dxn adf]lhd x'g] ;hfosf] cltl/Qm ljuf]
adf]lhd hl/afgf ;d]t ug'{ k5{ .
!# g+= .. .. s;}nfO{ ckx/0f u/L jf z/L/ aGws lnO{ Hofg df/]sf]df
gfln; ug{ xbDofb nfUg] 5}g . ;f] afx]s ckx/0f ul/Psf] jf z/L/ aGws
lnPsf] ldltn] Psjif{ jf ckx/0f jf z/L/ aGwsaf6 5'6]sf] ldltn] 5
dlxgfleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;Sb}g .


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(182)
 dxn (
s'6kL6sf]
! g+= .. .. s;}n] s;}nfO{ xft xltof/ p7fO{ jf c? s'g} k|sf/n]
/utkR5] 3f rf]6 c·e· kf/]df jf hLpdf c? kL8f gf]S;fg x'g] sfd u/]df
s'6kL6 u/]sf] 7x5{ .
.. @ g+= .. .. s'6lk6 ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd ePdf c·e·sf] vt 7x5{ ––

cf“vfsf] x]g]{ zlQm xLg u/L jf cf“vf kmf]/L b[li6ljxLg agfO{ lbPdf – !
gfssf] ;'“3\g] zlQm x/0f ul/lbPdf –––––––––––––––––––––––––––– !
sfgsf] ;'Gg] zlQm x/0f u/L lbPdf –––––––––––––––––––––––––––– !
lha|f]sf] af]Ng] zlQm x/0f ul/lbPdf –––––––––––––––––––––––––––– !
dlxnfsf] :tg sf6L lbPdf –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– !
dlxnfnfO{ af“emf]kg / k'?ifnfO{ k'?ifTjxLg agfPdf –––––––––––––– !
d]?b08, 8“8fNg', xft v'§f jf log}sf] hf]gL{ ef“rL, kmf]/L, k'msfnL
a]sDdf kfl/lbPdf –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– !
# g+= .. .. OjL cbfjt / s'6kL6 u?“ eGg] OR5f gu/L s]xL sfd
ubf{ To;} sfdsf ;DaGwaf6 s;}nfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] rf]6 nfUg u} c·e·, 3f
vt OToflb s]xL x'g uP5 jf n]lvPsf lx;fa;“u Ps lrQ eO{ sfd ul//x]sf
avt jf 7fp“df sfd ug]{n] arfp ug{ gkfpg] lsl;d;“u dfq yfxf kfO{ cyjf
yfx} gkfO{ cs:dftdf dflg; kg{ cfp“bf To;nfO{ rf]6 nfUg u} c·e· 3f rf]6
OToflb x'g uP5 eg] eljtJoaf6 ePsf] 7x5{ . To:tf]df b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd
ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
n]lvPsf] sfd xf]lzof/L / ;fjwfgL;“u ubf{ub}{ rf]6 nfuL c·e· ePdf Ps
c·e·sf] Psxhf/ ?k}of“sf] b/n] c·e· x'g]nfO{ 3f vr{ e/fO{ ;f] ug]{nfO{
Ps;o ?k}of“ hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . ;f] afx]s c? rf]6 k6s gLn kg{ uPdf 3f

rf]6 x]/L b'O{;o krf; ?k}of“;Dd 3f vr{ e/fO{ krf; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf
ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
n]lvPsf sfd xf]z gk'¥ofO{ jf x]nrqmofO{ u/L kjf{x g/fvL sfd u/]sfaf6
rf]6 nfuL c·e· x'g uPdf Ps c·e·sf] b'O{xhf/ ?k}of“sf] b/n] c·e·
x'g]nfO{ 3f vr{ e/fO{ ;f] ug]{nfO{ kf“r;o ?k}of“ hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . ;f] afx]s


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(183)
c? rf]6 k6s gLn k/]df 3f rf]6 x]/L kf“r;o ?k}of“;Dd 3f vr{ e/fO{
b'O{;o krf; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @

$ g+= .. .. cl3sf] OaL cbfjt jf s'g} s'/fsf] nfnrn] jf n'sL

rf]/Lsg klg xfg]sf] /x]g5 s]xL s'/fdf emu8f x'“bf cfgf] lj/fd s]xL geO{
csf{n] klxn] xft xltof/sf] rf]6 5f]8\g cf“6]sf] jf rf]6 5f]l8;s]kl5 ;f] rf]6sf]
hf]lvdL arfpgsf lgldQ / csf{n] cfÇgf] wgdfn rf]g{ nflu/x]sf] jf c? ck/fw
x'g] lsl;dsf] s]xL sfd ul//x]sf] b]vL kqmg vf]Hbf xft xltof/ p7fof] jf ;f]
dflg; h'n'dL /x]5 / To;nfO{ p;} avt kqmfp ug{nfO{ s'6kL6 gu/L kqmg
g;lsg] e} xft 5f8\g' kbf{ 3f rf]6 c·e· s]xL x'g uP5 eg] ;f] ug]{nfO{ / /Iff
lzIff ug]{n] s'6fO{ dfUg]sf] lxtsf] lgldQ dgfl;a dflkmssf] ;fdfGo an k|of]u
u/L s'6]df ;f] s'6\g]nfO{ klg s'6kL6sf] aft nfUb}g .
% g+= .. .. csf{dfly xft xltof/ p7fO{ jf c? s]xL k|sf/ u/L
d}n] of] sfd u/] eg] kl/0ffd c·e· jf rf]6 kL8f o:tf] k'Ug ;S5 jf ;Dej 5
eGg] s'/f hfgL a'emL xf];\ jf OaL k/]sfnfO{ OaL ;3fpgfsf nflu xf];\ jf s]xL
s'/fsf] nfnrn] xf];\ jf n'sL rf]l/sg xf];\ OToflb s'/f u/L s;}nfO{ s'g} k|sf/n]
klxn] xftxltof/ p7fO{ jf c? s]xL s'/f u/L rf]6 k6s c·e· OToflb ug]{nfO{
o;} dxnsf] tn gDa/ gDa/df n]lvP adf]lhd ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
^ g+= .. .. c·e· vtdWo] b[li6ljxLg agfPsf], dlxnfsf] :tg
sf6]sf] jf dlxnfnfO{ af“emf]kg jf k'?ifnfO{ k'?ifTjxLg agfPsf] vtdf h'g;'s} Ps
vt u/] klg ;f] ug]{nfO{ tLgnfv ?k}of“ hl/afgf u/L cf7 jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ . tL
vtx? afx]s c·e·sf] c? vtdWo] h'g;'s} Ps vt u/] klg ;f] ug]{nfO{ b'O{ nfv
?k}of“ hl/afgf u/L cf7 jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ . Pp6} lsl;dsf] sfd lng] Pp6f eGbf
a9L c· x'g]df ;f] dWo] Pp6f c·dfq a]sDdf kf/L lbPsf] eP dfly n]lvPsf]
;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . ;f] vt lgsf] eO{ sfd nfUg] ePdf eg] Psnfv
?k}of“ hl/afgf / b'O{ jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ . o;/L hl/jfgf jfkt k|fKt k'/} /sd
kLl8tnfO{ 3f vr{ jfkt lbOg]5 .
& g+= .. .. c·e·sf] vt x'g] afx]s c? c· kmf]g]{ l5gfNg]
km'sfNg]nfO{ ;f] c· lgsf] eO{ sfd nfUg] ePdf b'O{xhf/ ?k}of“ hl/afgf / 5
dlxgf s}b / lgsf] eOsg klg sfd gnfUg] ePdf jf lgs} gx'g] ePdf kf“rxhf/
?k}of“ hl/afgf / Ps jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ .
* g+= .. .. c·e·sf] vt x'g] jfx]s 3f“6Lb]lv dfly b]lvg]
7fp“;Ddsf cg'xf/df h'g;'s} Joxf]/f;“u sf6L l5gfnL lbO{ vt 8fd nufO{
lhGbuLe/ h:tfsf] t:tf] gx'g] u/L s'?k kf/L lbg]nfO{ vt x]/L kf“rxhf/
?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf / Ps jif{b]lv tLg jif{;Dd s}b / h:tfsf] t:tf] u/L lgsf]
ePklg s'?k b]lvg] u/L vt, 6f6f], jf 8fd /xg] ePdf vt cg';f/ tLgxhf/
?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf / Ps jif{;Dd s}b ug'{ k5{ .


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(184)
 ( g+= .. .. ;fwf/0f xltof/ jf nf7f 9'·fn] xflg 3f]rL sf6L
c·e· x'g] afx]s c? rf]6 k6s kf/L lbPdf 3f]r]sf] 3fpsf] ulx/fO{ gfkL /
xfg]sf 3fpdf ndfO{ jf ulx/fO{ h'g tkm{sf gfkaf6 a9L vt x'g] b]lvG5
p;}tkm{sf] gfkaf6 Ps OGrsf] kf“r;o ?k}of“sf] b/n] hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . aGb's,
v's'/L, t/af/, sf“9, RofK;f, efnf, s6f/L, v"“8f, aGr/f, u8f“;f c? o:t}
lsl;dsf] u}x| hf]lvdL xltof/n] sf6L xflg 3f]rL 3fp rf]6 kf/]df n]lvP adf]lhd
OGrLsf] gfkaf6 k|To]s OGrsf] kf“r;o ?k}of“ hl/afgf / Ps dlxgf s}bsf b/n]
b'O{jif{ gk'u];Dd s}b ;d]t ug'{ k5{ .
!) g++ .. .. nf7f 9'·f jf xltof/n] xflg /f]kL 3f]rL Ps OGrLb]lv
d'lgsf] 3fp kf/]df hf]lvdL ;fwf/0f xltof/sf] / k/]sf] 3fpsf] ljrf/ u/L
kf“r;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .

!! g+= .. .. s'6kL6 u/L gLn kf/]df Ps gLnsf] Ps;o ?k}of“sf]

b/n] afx|;o ?k}of“ gk'u];Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!@ g+= .. .. csf{sf] bf“t km'sfNg] ef“Rg]nfO{ bf“t Pssf] tLg;o
?k}of“sf] b/n] hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!# g+= .. .. gªn] bf“tn] jf c? yf]s u}x|n] /utkR5] u/fpg],
n'5\g], 5fnf v'ONofO{lbg], /ftf] 8fd kfg]{ jf af“w 5f“b s6s lah'nL OToflb u}x|
s'/f u/L To;af6 hLpdf b'Mv kL8f k'¥ofpg]nfO{ kL8fsf] ljrf/ u/L b'O{;o
krf; ?o}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
!$ g+= .. .. cfuf], cfuf] ;dfg kf]Ng] u/fOPsf j:t'n] kf]nL,
8fdL, bnL, 3;L OToflb–u}x| s'/f u/L hLpdf kL8f u/fpg]nfO{ c·e· s'?k ePsf]
/x]g5 eg] cfª, d'v, sfgdf kf]n]sf] eP kf“r;o ?k}of“ hl/afgf / b'O{ dlxgf
s}b, gfs, cf“vfdf eP Psxhf/ ?k}of“ hl/afgf / rf/ dlxgf s}b, u'båf/df eP
b'O{ xhf/ ?k}of“ hl/afgf / cf7 dlxgf s}b, ln·df eP rf/ xhf/ ?k}of“

hl/afgf / Ps jif{ rf/ dlxgf s}b, eudf eP cf7 xhf/ ?k}of“ hl/afgf / b'O{
jif{ cf7 dlxgf s}b ug'{ k5{ . n]lvPb]lv afx]s c? kf]Ng] j:t' u}x|n] kL8f ug]{ u/L
kf]nL, 8fdL, bnL, 3;L lbg]nfO{ n]lvPsf ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . ljifsf]
w"“jf lbg] jf a]xf]; x'g] s'/f ;'“3fpg]nfO{ Psxhf/ ?k}of“ hl/afgf / b'O{ dlxgf
s}b ug'{ k5{ . c·e· / s'?k ePsf] /x]5 eg] o;} dxnsf ^.* gDa/ adf]lhd
;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
!$s= g+=.. .. t]hfa jf o:t} k|sf/sf cGo kbfy{ 5ls{O{ jf ;f]
kbfy{n] kf]nL, 8fdL, bnL, 3;L hLpdf kL8f u/fPdf jf cg'xf/ jf z/L/sf] s'g}
c· s'?k kf/]df s;"/sf] k|s[lt x]/L cg'xf/df s'?k kf/]df kf“r jif{b]lv cf7


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f yk .

(185)
jif{;Dd s}b / Psnfv ?k}of“b]lv tLgnfv ?k}of“;Dd hl/jfgf / z/L/sf] cGo
c· s'?k kf/]df jf hLpdf kL8f u/fPdf tLg jif{b]lv cf7 jif{;Dd s}b / krf;
xhf/ ?k}of“b]lv Ps nfv krf; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/jfgf ug'{ k5{ . o;/L
hl/jfgf jfkt k|fKt k"/} /sd kLl8tnfO{ 3f vr{ jfkt lbOg]5 .
!% g+= .. .. Ps} lbg Ps} jf/bftdf Ps} hgfnfO{ s'6kL6 c·e·
/utkR5] ;d]t u}x| u/]df 7"nf] vtsf] dfq ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . c? vt vfKg x'“b}g .
!^ g+= .. .. csf{nfO{ cx|fO{ s'6kL6 u/fpg]nfO{ ;hfo ubf{ cx|fp
dfgL s'6kL6 ug]{ ;a}nfO{ ePsf] hDdf ;hfo adf]lhd ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
!& g+= .. .. s'6kL6 ug{ nfu]sf] a]nfdf 5'6\ofO{ lbg x'G5 .
5'6\ofPsf s'/fdf 5'6\ofpg]n] xft xfNof] egL aft nfpg kfp“b}g .
!* g+= .. .. w]/}hgf eO{ s'6kL6 u/]df h;n] h:tf] /Lt;“u h] s'/f
u/]sf]5 p;nfO{ p;} s;"/sf] ;hfo u/L x"n u/] jfkt hgxL b]xfodf n]lvP
adf]lhd yk ;hfo ;d]t x'G5 –– –––––––––––––––––
o; dxn adf]lhd s}b x'g] s;"/ tLg hgf;Ddsf] x"n eO{ u/]df Ps;o
?k}of“, tLg hgfb]lv a9L kf“r hgf;Ddsf] x"n eO{ u/]df b'O{;o ?k}of“,
kf“rhgfb]lv a9L bzhgf;Ddsf] x"n eO{ u/]df tLg;o ?k}of“, bzhgfb]lv
a9L aL;hgf;Ddsf] x"n eO{ u/]df rf/;o ?k}of“ / aL;hgfb]lv a9L hlt;'s}
hgfsf] x"n eO{ u/]df kf“r;o ?k}of“sf b/n] hl/afgf x'G5 –––– !
o; dxn adf]lhd hl/afgf dfq x'g] s;"/ x"n e} u/]df ;f] hl/afgfsf]
tLghgf;Ddsf] x"n eO{ u/]df ;os8f bz ?k}of“, tLghgfb]lv a9L
kf“rhgf;Ddsf] x"n eO{ u/]df ;os8f kGw| ?k}of“, kf“rhgfb]lv a9L
bzhgf;Ddsf] x"n eO{ u/]df ;os8f aL; ?k}of“, bzhgfb]lv a9L aL;
hgf;Ddsf] x"n eO{ u/]df ;os8f kRrL; ?k}of“ / To;b]lv a9L hlt;'s}
hgfsf] x"n eO{ u/]df klg ;os8f krf; ?k}of“sf b/n] hl/afgf x'G5 – – – – @
!( g+= .. .. s'6kL6sf s'/fdf gfln; lb+bf s'6fOsf kL/n] a]xf];
ePsfaf6 o; o;sf rf]6n] 3f rf]6 ePsf] egL vf]nL n]lvlbg g;s]sf] jf
jfbLdf ;f] s'/f vf]nL n]lvlbPdf klg ;fIfL k|df0faf6 ;f] 3f rf]6 o; o;n]
kf/]sf] eGg] s'/f v'Ng g;s]df Pshgfb]lv a9Lsf] x"n eO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf] /x]5
eg] k/]sf 3f rf]6sf] ;hfodf x"n e} s'6kL6 u/]df / w]/} vt kf/]df o;} dxnsf
!%.!* gDa/ adf]lhd a9fp“bf x'g] ;hfo hDdfsf] bfdf;fxL u/L s'6kL6 ug]{
;a}nfO{ a/fa/ kf/L ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
@) g+= .. .. s'6kL6 ubf{ gLn 3f rf]6 u}x| ePsf]df gLn 3f rf]6
lgsf] gx'“b}df ;s];Dd rf“8f] ;f] s'6kL6 ePsf Onfsfsf] glhssf] k|x/L sfof{no
ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsf jf ;DalGwt d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fdf u} h“rfpg' k5{ . ;f]
adf]lhd 3f gLn b]vfpg / h“rfpg cfpgf;fy glhs c:ktfn jf ;/sf/L
l8:k]G;/Ldf k7fO{ h“rfO{ p;sf] n]vf]6 adf]lhd / glhsdf c:ktfn jf ;/sf/L
l8:k]G;/L geP To; 7fp“df b'j} y/sf] gft]bf/ xsjfnf eP ltgLx? / ;/hdLgsf

 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(186)
hflgkmsf/ enfbdL sDtLdf rf/hgfnfO{ ;d]t /fvL x]g{ nufO{ hf“rL 7x/fO{ ;f]
7x/fP adf]lhd kmnfgfsf] olt;Dd ePsf]5 eGg] 3f hf“rsf] d'r'Nsf u/fO{ lng'
k5{ . ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfn] hf“r]sf]df eg] p;sf] clwsf/ If]qsf] aflx/
eP d'2f x]g]{ c8\8fdf a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ .
@! g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf @) gDa/ adf]lhd 3f hf“r ubf{ u/fp“bf
;f] hf“r gx'“b} o; lbg o; 6foddf o;sf/0f o; o;n] 3f rf]6 kf/L lbof] eGg]
s'/f k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L NofPsf]df bflvn x'gf;fy df}sfdf c8\8faf6 u/fpg]
sfuh}df / k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L NofPsf] ge} 3f h“rfpg s'6fO{ dfUg] cfkm} cfO{ jf
p;sf dflg;n] h“rfpg NofPdf s'6fO{ dfUg]sf] xf]; 7]ufgdf /x]sf] eP p;}sf] /
xf]; 7]ufgfdf geP p;nfO{ Nofpg] dflg;sf] b/vf:t lnO{ jf c8\8faf6} ;f]wL
n]vL ;xL5fk u/fO{ lnO{ dfq 3f hf“r u/L u/fO{ a]xf];\ ePsfsf] klg xf];\ 7]ufg
x'gf;fy ;f]wL sfuh u/fO{ lnO{ ;f] b/vf:t, sfuh / 3f hf“rsf] sfuh ;a}
;fd]n /fVg] ug'{ k5{ .
@@ g+= .. .. s'6kL6 d'2fdf 3f hf“r ubf{ ;hfodf 36La9L kg]{
u/L hLpdf k/]sf] 3f eGbf gfkdf jf lsl;ddf 36La9L kf/L jf gePsf] 3f rf]6
k6s 5 egL jf ePsf] 3f rf]6 bafO{ 5'6fO{ 3f hf“rsf] sfuhdf hfgL hfgL
n]lvlbPsf] /x]5 eg] To;af6 ;hfodf hlt 36L a9L kg{ hfg] x'g cfp“5 To;sf]
cGhfd u/L b'O{;o krf; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
@# g+= .. .. 3f h“rfpg cfp“bf em'§f 3f vt gLn 8fd agfO{
h“rfpg cfPdf ;flat ePsfnfO{ Ps;o ?k}of“ hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
@$ g+= .. .. c8\8fdf a;L jf 8f]/df v6L uPsf] jf pbL{ k"hL{ u/L
kqmg tfd]n ug{ k7fPsf] ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] cfÇgf lhDdfsf] ug'{ kg]{ sfg"g
adf]lhd ;/sf/L sfd tfd]n ug{ kqmg vf]h]sf cj:yfdf ;f] sfddf afwf u/fpg
jf c? s'g} s'/fsf] lgotn] x"n x'Hht u/L s'6kL6 u/L xft xltof/ 5f]8]5 eg]
To;nfO{ P]gn] x'g] ;hfodf r's cg';f/ 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b yk x'G5 . xft g5f]8L
x"n x'Hht dfq u/]df b'O{;o krf; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf dfq yk x'G5 .
@% g+= .. .. s'6fO dfUg]nfO{ lbnfpg] e/fpg] s'/fsf ;DaGwdf o;
dxnsf] #.^ gDa/df n]lvPsf] s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd / c?df s'6kL6 ug]{af6 c;"n
ePsf] hl/afgfsf] o; dxnsf] &.* gDa/df n]lvP adf]lhdsf] s'6kL6sf] xsdf
cfwf / c?df tLg v08sf] Ps v08 s'6fO dfUg]nfO{ 3f vr{ jfkt lbg' k5{ .
@%s=g+= .. .. o; dxn adf]lhdsf] s;"/af6 kg{ uPsf] kL8fsf]
dfqfnfO{ ljrf/ u/L cbfntn] s;"/bf/af6 kLl8tnfO{ b'O{ nfv ?k}of“;Dd Ifltk"lt{
e/fO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .

 gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f yk .

(187)
 @^ g+= .. .. o; dxndf n]lvPsf s'/fdf ;hfo ubf{ s'6kL6 dfq
ePsf]df eP tLg jif{, xltof/n] xflg 3f]rL 3fp kf/]sf] jf cfuf]n] kf]n] 8fd]sf]df
eP 5 jif{ / c·e· kf/]sf]df eP bz jif{eGbf a9L s}b ug{ x'“b}g .
@& g+= .. .. o; dxndf n]lvPsf] vtdf gfln; ug{ cfp“bf
s'6kL6 u/]sf ldltn] c·e· ePsf]df tLg dlxgfleq / ;f] afx]s c? u}x| s'/fdf
eP ;f] ePsf k}+tL; lbgleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;Sb}g .

(188)
 dxn !)
Hofg ;DaGwLsf]
! g+= .. .. sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s;}n] s'g} dflg;sf] Hofg
dfg{, dfg{ nufpg jf dfgf{sf] pBf]u ug{ x'“b}g .
@ g+= .. .. ckxTof jf csf{sf st{Jon] s'g} dflg;sf] Hofg
d/]df xsjfnf / c? b]Vg] ;'Gg]n] ;d]t ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf lhdLbf/, tfn'sbf/ jf
;DalGwt ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o / k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ ;d]t lbg'

k5{ / To:tf] ;"rgf kfPdf jf c? s'g} Joxf]/fn] yfxf ePdf lhldbf/, tfn'sbf/ /
ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:on] ;d]t b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ – – – – –
––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––
lhldbf/, tfn'sbf/ jf ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:on] cfkm"n] kfPsf]
;"rgf jf va/ oyfzSo rf“8f] ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ lbg' k5{ /
k|x/L df}sfdf cfO gk'u]sf]df ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfn] lhldbf/
tfn'sbf/ ;d]t /fvL o;} dxnsf] # gDa/ adf]lhd nfz hf“r d'r'Nsf u/fO{
k|x/L cfO{g;s'GHofn nfz lxkmfht;fy /fVg' k5{ ––!
csf{sf st{Jon] Hofg d/]sf] b]lvPdf ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsf, lhldbf/,
tfn'sbf/ ;d]tn] st{Jojfnf s;"/bf/sf] klg e/;s ;'/fs kQf nufO{ klqmP
k|x/Lsf] lhDdf nufO{ lbg' k5{ –––––––––––––––@
ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfn] dfly ! bkmf adf]lhd u/]sf] d'r'Nsf k|x/L

cfpgf;fy k|x/LnfO{ ;'DkL lbg' k5{ / k|x/Ln] klg sfg"g adf]lhd nfz hf“r
;/hdLg txlssft ;d]tsf] sf/afxL ug'{ u/fpg' k5{ –––––––––#
nfz hf“r ubf{ l8:k]G;/L jf c:ktfn glhs ePsf 7fp“df c:ktfn eP;Dd
c:ktfnsf 8fS6/ / ;f] ge} l8:k]G;/L eP ;f] l8:k]G;/Ldf /x]sf] d'Vo
lrlsT;saf6 ;d]t h“rfpg nufO{ k|ltj]bg lng' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – $
# g+= .. .. ckxTof jf st{Jo k/L d/]sf] ph"/ jf z°f
b]lvPsf]df dg]{sf] nfz hf“r / df}sf txlssft ubf{ ug{ hf“bf df}sfdf k'Ugf;fy
klxn] ;f] nfz eP /x]sf 7fp“eGbf s]xL j/} v8f e} jf a;L nfz /x]sf] 7fp“
j/k/ eP k/]sf] xft v'§f jf c? s]xL lsl;dsf] lrGx jf hdLg 3li6P dfl8Psf]
jf sxL+af6 l3;f/L NofPsf] lrGx lgzfgf OToflb s]xL eP k/]sf] / c? b;L
k|df0f x'g] s]xL dfn 5'6] /x]sf] b]lvof] e]l6of] eg] ;f] Joxf]/f ;d]t vf]nL l6kL
n]vL ;f] b]lvP e]l6Psf] b;L lrGx lgzfgf ;d]t e/;s gdfl;g] u/L h:tfsf]
t:tf] /xg] lx;fa;“u cflv/L hf“r u/L nfz ;but ug]{ k"hL{ gx'GHofn;Dd ;f]
;a} s'/f lxkmfht;fy ;fa"b /fvL c? tn b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd s] s] s'/f eP
k/]sf] 5 v"a Wofg lbO{ x]/L nfzsf] xfnt, ;f] nfz /x]sf 7fp“ hUufsf] cj:yf /
rf/ lsNnf ;d]t b]vfO{ ug{ ;Sg] eP gS;f ;d]t v8f u/L /Ltk"j{s nfz
hf“rsf] sfuh v8f ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(189)
3f, rf]6k6s, gLn 8fd k/L d/]sf]df dg]{sf] nfzdf o; o; 7fp“df olt olt
nDafO{ rf}8fO{ ulx/fO{ ePsf] olt uf]6f o:tf] o:tf] 3fp rf]6 k6s c·e·
gLn 8fd, ;'Dnf k/]sf], ef“lrPsf], km'6]sf] eGg] / 5fnf v'O{lnPsf], 3l;|Psf],
kmf6]km'6]sf], 3f]r]sf] eGg] ;d]t ;a} s'/f :ki6 v'nfO{ hf“r ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – !
em'08L d/]sf] dflg;sf] nfzsf] cj:yf b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd 5 5}g hf“rL
kf;f] nufPsf] 8f]/L c8\8fdf Nofpg' k7fpg' k5{ – – –– – – – – – – – – – – @
cf]7 km';|f] / cf“vfsf] gfgL 7"nf] 5 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
cf“vf s]xL aflx/ lg:s]sf] jf lgSn]sf] 5 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
lhe|f] aflx/ lg:s]sf] jf cf]7n] Rofk]sf] 5 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
d'v, gfs, u'båf/ jf OlGb|osf] Kjfnaf6 /ut jf /fn OToflb ;d]t
n:;fbf/ kfgL / dn aLo{ lg:s]sf] 5 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
3f“6Ldf 8f]/Lsf] 8fd em'l08Plt/ 5 5}g ;f] 8fd uf]n jf gfua]nL s:tf] 5
s}nf] 8fd k/]sf] / ;f] 7fp“sf] 5fnf ;fx|f] 5 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – %
xft d'7L kf/]sf] 5 5}g, xft v'§fn] hdLg 5f]P ;dft]sf] 5 5}g – – – – – – ^
s'jf, kf]v/L, vf]nf, gfnfdf k/]sf nfzsf] cj:yf b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd 5
5}g hf“r ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
kfgLaf6 p7fpg] lalQs} xftsf] 5fnf rfpl/Psf] / k]6 9fl8Psf] 5 5}g – – !
nfz /x]sf] 7fp“sf] j/k/ s'jf kf]v/Lsf lsgf/f 5]p5fpdf / nfzsf]
d'vdf /utsf] l56f 5 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
nfzsf] 6fpsf], uw{g jf cfªdf ;d]t sxf“ sxf“ rf]6 k6s jf /ut
nfu]sf]5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
d'7L v'nf 5 5}g, xftdf s]xL rLh nL /fv]sf] eP of] of] rLh nL /fv]sf]
lyof] egL / d'v cfªsf] 5fnf g/d jf v;|f] h:tf] 5 p:tf] b'?:t u/L
n]Vg' k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
k]6df kfgL /x] g/x]sf] hf“RgnfO{ jfl/; ePsf]df jfl/; / jfl/;
gePsf]df c? dflg; ;d]t nufO{ nfznfO{ 3f]K6f] kf/L lk7\o"“ lyRg
nufp“bf kfgL lg:sG5 lg:sb}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – %
ln· v'lDrP/ ;fgf] ePsf] 5 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ^
xftsf] cf}+nfdf 5fnf v'OlnPsf] 5 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – &
euleq df6f] k;]sf] 5 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – *
;k{n] 6f]s]sf]df b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd ePsf] 5 5}g hf“r ug'{ k5{ – – – – $
6f]s]sf] 7fp“df ;'lgPsf] / skfnsf] /f} n'5\bf ;lhn};“u pv]lng] ePsf]
5 5}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
dg'{ cufl8 ;f] 6f]s]sf] 7fp“df 7"nf] kL/ kg]{ u/L b'Vg] / d'vaf6 lkm+h
cfpg] cf}+nf klg v'DrL cf“vLeO{ ;fg' ;fg' vf]Ng klg g;Sg] eO{ d'v kx]+nf]
lgnf] / /ut klg gLnf] kftnf] rf“8} ghDg] ePsf] lyof] lyPg – – – – – – @

(190)
s'/f ug{ g;Sg] n¶ eP/ lx+8\g klg g;Sg] ePsf] lyof] lyPg – – – – – – #
ljif vfP v'jfPdf b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd ePsf] 5 5}g hf“r ug'{ k5{ – – – – %
dg'{ cufl8 cf“vf v'DrL cf“vfsf] gfgL ;fg' / d/L ;s]kl5 7"nf] x'g], dg{
cufl8 a]xf]; / lgb|f nfUg], kl;gf w]/} cfpg], d'v ;'Sg] ePsf] lyof] lyPg– !
dg'{ cufl8 pGdQ, 3f“6L d'v ;'Sg] / r]x/f /ftf] x'g], lgb|f nfUg], cf“vf
6f]nfpg] eO{ cf“vfsf] gfgL 7"nf] 7"nf] b]lvg] / a/fa/ a]xf];\ eO{ n/a/fO{
af]Ng] ePsf] lyof] lyPg– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
dg'{ cufl8 emf8f afGtf x'g] / k]6df 8fxf x'g], Hofbf Kof; nfUg], d'v
;'lgP h:tf], gf8L rf“8f] rf“8f] rNg], gftfstL x'g] / a]xf]; ePsf]
lyof] lyPg – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
dg]{ j]nfdf lztf· x'g], vf“bf v]/L d'v 3f“6L k]6 kf]Ng], lk8f}nf kms{g]
ePsf] lyof] lyPg – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
$ g+= .. .. ckxTof jf st{Jo k/L dg]{ dflg;sf] nfz sfg"g
adf]lhd hf“r e} ;s]kl5 ;f] nfz hnfpg' uf8\g' kmfNg' hf] ug'{ k5{ ug{sf] lgldQ
nfz hf“r ug]{ k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] / ;/sf/L jsLn eP lghn] ;d]t ;xL5fk u/L
k"hL{ ul/lbg' k5{ . ;f] k"hL{ glnO{ To;} nfz hnfpg, uf8\g, kmfNg x'“b}g . ;f]
adf]lhd k"hL{ u/L glbg] jf k"hL{ glnO{ nfz hnfpg], uf8\g], kmfNg]nfO{ bz ?k}of“
hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . nfz hf“r e} g;Sb} bafpgsf dtnan] nfz hnfpg], uf8\g],
kmfNg] jf ;f] s'/f ug{ nfpg]nfO{ c? sfg"gn] x'g] ;hfodf ;f] u/] jfkt 5 dlxgf
ykL s}b ug'{ k5{ .
% g+= .. .. Hofg lng] Olanfu jf dg;fo ge} s;}n] cfkm"n]
u/]sf] st{Jon] dflg; dnf{ eGg] h:tf] gb]lvPsf] s'g} sfd s'/f ubf{ To;}åf/f s]xL
e} s'g} dflg; dg{ uPsf] eljtJo 7x5{ .
^ g+= .. .. eljtJo e} dflg;sf] Hofg d/]sf]df b]xfo adf]lhd
;hfo x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Pp6f sfdsf] lgldQ ;fjwfgL;“u xft xltof/ p7fPsf]df s]xL Joxf]/fn]
c?nfO{ nfUg u} eljtJo k/]sf]df tLg;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 – – – – – !
xf]; gk'¥ofO{ jf x]nrqmofO{ u/L s'g} sfd ubf{ eljtJo k/]sf]df kf“r;o
?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'G5 – – – – – – – – – @
 ============= – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #

============== s;}n] s;}nfO{ s'6kL6 ubf{ eljtJo k/]sf]df kf“r;o ?k}of“;Dd

hl/afgf jf b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b jf b'a} ;hfo x'G5 – – – – – – – – – – – – $

n]lvPb]lv afx]s c? s'/f e} eljtJo k/]sf]df b'O{;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 – %

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg tyf vf/]h ug]{ P]g,@)&@ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

(191)
 & g+= .. .. b]xfosf] cj:yfdf Hofg d/]sf]df Hofgdf/fsf] aft
nfUb}g – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
s;}n] xft xltof/ lnO{ jf glnO{ cfÇgf] Hofg lngf;Ddsf] hf]/h'n"d ug{
nfu]sf]df To:tfnfO{ kqmfp ug{ jf u'xf/ d2t dfUg g;lsg] jf dfu] klg
avtdf d2t k'Ug g;Sg] jf To:tfsf] kGhfaf6 efuL pDsL cfÇgf] Hofg
arfpg ;d]t km";{t gkfpg] cj:yfdf cfkm"n] s]xL gu/] cfgf] Hofg /x“b}g
eGg] k"/f ljZjf; e} Hofg arfpgsf vflt/ p;} df}sfdf s]xL ubf{ ;f]
h'n"dLsf] Hofg d/]sf] – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
af/L jf au}+rfsf] cGg ;fukft kmnkm"n rf]/]df afx]s c? rf]/L ug{ af6f]
caf6f]df 9'sL a;L jf af6f] caf6f]af6 csf{sf] 3/leq k;L s'g} k|sf/sf]
rf]/L ug{ nfu]sf avt jf rf]g{sf lgldQ ;]g vgL leq k:g nfu]sf avt
kqmg e/dUb"/ ubf{ klg d2t gk'uL rf]/ 8f“sfnfO{ kqmfp ug{ g;lsg] / s]xL
gu/] cfgf] wg aRg g;Sg] eof] eg] p;} avt rf]/ 8f“s'nfO{ s]xL ubf{ dg{
uPsf] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – @
;/sf/L txaLn sfuhkq s}bL y'g'jf OToflb u}x| /x]sf c8\8fvfgf vf]/
sf/fuf/ ;d]t u}x|df rkf]6 kfn] kx/f /x]sf rkf]6 kfn]n] cfkm"nfO{ ePsf
sfg"g adf]lhdsf] sfd ubf{ ;f] sfddf afwf kg]{ jf gf]S;fg ug]{, rf]g]{, efUg],
eufpg] ;d]t u}x| lgotn] pbL{ alv{nfksf] sfd ugf{nfO{ kfn] rkf]6 pk/
xdnf u/L xft xltof/ p7fO{ jf gp7fO{ cfO{ nfu]df cfÇgf] hLp jf lhDdfdf
/x]sf] ;/sf/L dfnsf] arfp lgldQ p;} df}sfdf s]xL ubf{ dg{ uPsf] – – – – #
* g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] % gDa/n] eljtJo 7xg]{ afx]s s'g} c·
ef“Rg] l5Gg] u/L xfg] s'6]df Tof] ynf k/L lgsf] geP hlt;'s} ;do kl5 d/] klg
Hofgdf/fsf] aft nfU5 .
( g+= .. .. Hofg} dfgf{sf nflu s'g} c· ef“Rg] l5Gg] u/L xfg]
s'6]df afx]s df/f}+ egL u}x| dg]{ s'/f ubf{ p;} avt Hofg gd/L ToxL df/f}+ egL
u/]sf rf]6 kL/n] p7\g g;sL ynf k/L PSsfO{; lbgleq, c? ;f:tL ;f;gf
hf]/h'n"d u/]df tLg lbgleq / ljif u}x| v'jfPdf ;ft lbgleq d¥of] eg] Hofgdf/f
7x5{ .
!) g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] % gDa/n] eljtJo 7xg]{ afx]s ;GwL
s'7fp“df xftn] xfGbf To;} kL/n] p7\g g;sL ynf k/L ;ft lbgleq d¥of] jf
kL8f kg]{ u/L af“w 5f“b ubf{ To;} kL8fn] p7\g g;sL ynf k/L kf“r lbgleq d¥of]
jf h];'s} s'/f ubf{ ;f]xL rf]6 kL/sf] 3fp 8fd kfsL To;} kL/n] p7\g g;sL ynf
k/L PSsfO{; lbgleq d¥of] eg] To;}sf] st{Jon] Hofg d/]sf] 7x5{ . ;f] Dofb
gf3L d/]df s'6kL6sf] dxn adf]lhd x'G5 .
!! g+= .. .. cl3af6 csf{n] s'6kL6 u}x| ubf{ jf s'g} c? Joyf
nflu jf c? s]xL s'/f e} lx+88'n sfdsfh ug{ g;Sg] u/L ylnPsf dflg;nfO{
s'6kL6 u}x| u/]df ;f] u/]sf PSsfO{; lbgleq d¥of] eg] kl5af6 s'6 \g]sf rf]6
lk/n] d/]sf] 7x5{ . cl3af6 s'6\g]nfO{ Hofg df/f}+ egL s'6]sf] 7x/]df o;} dxnsf]
!% gDa/ adf]lhd / Hofg df/f}+ eGg] lgot glnO{ s'6kL6 u/]df s'6kL6sf] dxn
adf]lhd ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .

(192)
 !@ g+= .. .. Dofbleq lx8\g 8'Ng c? sfd ug{ nfu]kl5 c? s'g}
Joyf nfuL jf c? s'6kL6 u}x| u/L Dofbleqdf d¥of] eg] klg cl3af6 s'6 \g]sf
rf]6 kL/n] d/]sf] 7xb}{g . dfg]{ lgotn] s'6]df o;} dxnsf !% gDa/ adf]lhd /
;f] lgot gb]lvPdf s'6kL6sf] dxn adf]lhd ;hfo dfq ug'{ k5{ .
!# g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf c? gDa/ adf]lhd Hofgdf/fsf] aft
gnfUg] cj:yfdf afx]s s;}n] c?sf] Hofg dg]{ u}x| s'/f ubf{ p;} avt jf P]gsf
Dofbleq Hofg d/]df ;f] Hofg dfg]{nfO{ / d'Vo e} arg lbg]nfO{ / jf/bft
e}/x]sf 7fp“df u} csf{sf] hLpdf xft xfnL dfgf{nfO{ ;+of]u kfl/lbg] lgotn] kqmL
;dftL /fVg] ;d]tnfO{ b]xfodf n]lvP adf]lhd ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . 5'6 \ofpgsf
lgotn] xft xfNg] jf 5'6\ofO{lbg]nfO{ eg] aft nfUb}g – – – – – – – – – – – – –
wf/ ePsf] jf gePsf] hf]vdL xltof/ u}x|n] xflg /f]kL 3f]r L Hofg df/]df
hlthgf e} xltof/ 5f8]sf] 5 ptL hgf Hofgdf/f 7x{5g\ . ;j{:j;lxt hGd
s}bsf] ;hfo ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
ljif v'jfO{ Hofg df/]df v'jfpg] Hofgdf/f 7x5{ . To:tfnfO{ ;j{:j ;lxt hGd
s}b ug'{ k5{ . dflg;nfO{ ljif v'jfpg nufpg]nfO{ hGd s}b ug'{ k5{ – – – – – @
nf7f 9'·f / ;fwf/0f ;fgfltgf xftxltof/n] s'6L xflg /f]kL 3f]rL jf c?
Hofg dg]{ u}x| s'/f u/L Hofg d/]df Ps} hgfn] dfq ;f] sfd u/L Hofg df/]df
;f]xL Ps hgf / w]/} hgfsf] x"n e} df/]df o;}n] df/]sf] jf o;sf] rf]6\n]
d/]sf] eGg] k|df0faf6 b]lvg 7xg{ cfPdf ;f]xL dflg; d'Vo Hofgdf/f 7x5{ .
To:tfnfO{ ;j{:j ;lxt hGd s}b ug'{ k5{ . ;f] afx]s c?nfO{ / o;}n] df/]sf]
jf o;}sf rf]6n] d/]sf] eGg] s'/f ;f] xft xltof/ 5f8\g] s;} pk/ s'g}
k|df0faf6 b]lvg] 7xg{ gcfPdf ;a}nfO{ hGd s}b ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – #
h'g;'s} s'/f ul/sg klg Hofg dfgf{df arg lbg]nfO{ jf jf/bft e}/x]sf]
7fp“df u} dfgf{nfO{ ;+of]u kfl/lbgf lgldQ dg]{ dflg;sf] Ho"df xft xfnL kqmL
;dftL lbg]nfO{ hGds}b ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $
!#s= g+= .. .. === === ===
!$ g+= .. .. Hofg dfgf{sf] dg;fo /x]g5, Hofg lng' kg]{ ;Ddsf]
OjL klg /x]g5, n'sL rf]l/sg xfg]sf] klg /x]g5 p;} df}sfdf p7]sf] s'g} s'/fdf
/L; yfDg g;sL hf]lvdL xltof/n] xfg]sf] jf ljif v'jfPsf]df afx]s ;fwf/0f
nf7f, 9'·f, nft, d'Ssf OToflb xfGbf ;f]xL rf]6 kL/n] P]gsf Dofbleq Hofg d/]df
bz jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ .
 !% g+= .. .. Hofg dfg]{ dg;fon] uf]nL rnfpg] jf ad xfGg] jf
3fts xltof/n] sf6\g] jf dfg{sf nflu c? h'g;'s} s'/fsf] pBf]u u/L dg]{;Ddsf]
sfd u/]sf]df s'g} sf/0fn] Hofg dg{ kfPsf] /x]g5 eg] To:tf] sfd ug]{ / ug{
nufpg] tyf ;f] 7fp“df u} arg lbg] jf d2t ug]{nfO{ kf“r jif{b]lv afx| jif{;Dd
s}b ug'{ k5{ .

 s]xL g]kfn sfg"g vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)$& åf/f vf/]h .

 cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(193)
  !^ g+= .. .. Hofg dfg]{ sfddf jf Hofg dg{ ;Sg] s'g} s'/fdf
d'Vo e} if8oGq ug]{ jf To:tf] sfd ug{ nufpg]nfO{ Hofg d/]sf] /x]5 eg] bz
jif{b]lv kGw| jif{;Dd s}bsf] ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . Hofg dg{ kfPsf] /x]g5 eg] kf“r
jif{b]lv afx| jif{;Dd s}b ug'{ k5{ .
!& g+= .. .. Hofg dfgf{nfO{ dtnadf eg] k;]sf] t/ d'Vo e} arg
klg glbg], xft xltof/ klg g5f]8\g], hLpdf klg g5'g] b]xfosf cj:yfsf c?
dtnaLx?nfO{ Hofg d/]sf] /x]5 eg] b]xfo adf]lhd / Hofg d/]sf] /x]g5 eg]
b]xfodf n]lvPsf] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Hofg dfgf{nfO{ egL xltof/ ljif dfu]df hfgL hfgL xftxltof/ uf]nL af?b
ljif lbg] jf Hofg dfgf{ lgldQ jf/bft ul//x]sf 7fp“df xltof/ ;fydf lnO{
dxh"b /xg]nfO{ bz jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – !
dfly ! bkmfdf n]lvP afx]s 3]/f lbg], af6f], uf}8f 5]Sg] jf efUg pDsg
gkfpg] ;d]t u}x| sfd u/L dfg]{ ;+of]u kfl/lbg]nfO{ kf“r jif{ s}b ug'{ k5{ – – –@
c? lsl;d;“u dt ;Nnfxdf k;]sf]df dfg]{ 7fp“df uO{ c? s'/f s]xL gu/L
x]/L /xg]nfO{ / n]lvPb]lv afx]s c? lsl;dsf dtnaLnfO{ 5 dlxgfb]lv tLg
jif{;Dd s}b ug'{ k5{ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – #
!* g+= .. .. hGd]sf] hLp“bf] afns aflnsf kmfNg]nfO{ rf/ jif{ s}b
ug'{ k5{ . ;f] afns aflnsf d/]sf] eP Hofgdf/f ;/x ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
!( g+= .. .. csf{n] a]xsdf dflg; dfg{ nfu]df Ujfxf/ dfUbf ;'gL
ghfg] ;f]x| jif{ dfly k};¶L jif{d'lgsf hfgsf/ nf]Ug]dflg;nfO{ hgxL tL;
?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ .
@) g+= .. .. st{Jo k/L Hofg d/]sf] d'2fdf s;"/bf/ cfkm} ;fljt
e} kf]n]sf]df afx]s st{Josf] ph"/ k/]sf]df txlssftaf6 st{Jojfnf oxL xf] eGg]
kQf gnfu]sf]df aL; jif{kl5 / st{Josf] ph"/ gk/]sf]df ;f] jf/bft ePsf b'O{
jif{kl5 s;} pk/ d'2f rNg ;St}g .
@! g+= .. .. nfz hf“r ubf{ h'g lx;fa;“u hf“Rg' kg]{ b]lvG5 ;f]
adf]lhd hf“r u/L nfzdf eP b]lvP;Ddsf] 3fp, vt, rf]6, lgzfgf ;a} oyfy{
vf]nL nfz hf“rsf] sfuhdf n]Vg' k5{ . hfgL hfgL km/s kf/L n]v]sf] 7x¥of] eg]
To:tfnfO{ kf“r ;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 .
@@ g+= .. .. Hofg dfgf{sf dtnadf gk;]sf] csf{sf] a]xsdf
s;}n] Hofg df5{ eGg] s'/f cfkm"n] rfn kfO{ jf Hofg dl/;s]sf] 5 eGg] rfn
kfO{ p;nfO{ gkqmL jf hfx]/ gu/L bjfpg eufpg x'“b}g .
@# g+= .. .. Hofg dfg]{ dtnadf k;]sf] /x]g5 eg] klg dfg'
g5'§L Ps} 3/;“u a;]sfn] cfgf hxfg rfs/nfO{ df/]sf] Hofg dfl/;s]sf] 5
eGg] s'/f rfn kfO{ p;nfO{ gkqmL jf hfx]/ gu/L bjfpg eufpg x'“b}g .
@$ g+= .. .. Hofg dfgf{sf dtnadf gk;]sf] ePklg Hofg df/L
NofPsf] s'/f yfxf kfO{ af“8L vfg]nfO{ aft nfU5 . ;f] gvfPsf] eP / o;} dxnsf]
@# gDa/df n]lvPb]lv afx]s c?nfO{ Hofg dfl/;s]sf] rfn kfO{ c8\8fdf hfx]/

(194)
gu/L bafP eufPsf] ePklg cfÇgf afa', afh], aHo}, :jf:gL, 5f]/f, 5f]/L, Ps}
afa'af6 hGd]sf lbbL, alxgL, Ps} afh]af6 hGd]sf h]7f sfG5f afa', km'k", bfh',
efO, elthf, gflt, gfltgL, h]7L sfG5L cfdf, efpHo", a'xf/L, ;f;", ;;'/f, dfdf,
eflgh, cfkm"n] hGdfPsf] 5f]/L jf Ps} afa'af6 hGd]sf lbbL alxgL lbPsf] legfh'
h'jfO{ olt gftfsf / Ps} 3/df dfg' g5'§L ;“ua;]sf hxfgn] eufP bafPsf] eP
vt aft nfUb}g .
@% g+= .. .. Hofg dfl/;s]sf] s'/f rfn kfO{ hfx]/ gu/L
s;"/bf/nfO{ bjfpg] eufpg] ;/sf/L sd{rf/L eP b'O{ jif{, To; hUufsf lhldbf/
tfn'sbf/ ufp“kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;b:o eP 8]9 jif{, y/L u'd:tf d'lvof
ldemf/ h]7f a"9f uf]?d s6'jfn] gfOs] dxfg] ufp“sf rf}sLbf/ uf]8fot eP 5
dlxgf s}b / c? eP 3/df yfxf kfpg] d'Vo hf] xf] p;nfO{ aL; ?k}of“ hl/afgf
ug'{ k5{ .
@^ g+= .. .. Hofg df5{ eGg] s'/f rfn kfO{ hfx]/ gu/L Hofg
dfl/;s] kl5 hfx]/ eof] eg] To:tf] rfn kfO{ hfx]/ gug]{nfO{ Ps jif{;Dd s}b ug'{
k5{ .
@& g+= .. .. Hofg df5{ eGg] s'/f rfn kfO{ hfx]/ gu/L bjfO{
Hofg dfg{ gkfp“b} c?af6 hfx]/ eof] eg] To:tf] rfn kfO{ hfx]/ gu/L bafpg]nfO{
5 dlxgf;Dd s}b ug'{ k5{ .
@* g+= .. .. s;}n] ue{ t'xfPdf jf ue{ t'xfpg] lgotn] jf ue{ t'lxg
;Qm5 eGg] hfgL hfgL jf ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f eO{ s'g} sfd ubf{ ue{ t'lxg
uPdf lghnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 ==========================================
afx| xKtf;Ddsf] ue{ eP Ps jif{;Dd s}b ========================================== !
kRrL; xKtf;Ddsf] ue{ eP tLg jif{;Dd s}b ====================================== !
kRrL; xKtfeGbf a9Lsf] ue{ eP kf“r jif{;Dd s}b ================================= !
@*s= g+= .. .. s;}n] ue{jtL dlxnfnfO{ s/sfk, wDsL, nnfO{
kmsfO{ jf k|nf]egdf kf/L ue{ktg u/fpg x'“b}g . To;/L ue{ktg u/fpg]nfO{ b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] ;hfo x'g]5 M–
afx| xKtf;Ddsf] ue{ eP Ps jif{ s}b ================================================= !
kRrL; xKtf;Ddsf] ue{ eP tLg jif{ s}b ============================================= !
kRrL; xKtfeGbf a9Lsf] ue{ eP kf“r jif{ s}b ====================================== !

@*v= g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] @* gDa/df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof ckgfO{

 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(195)
lgwf{l/t of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf Ohfhtkq k|fKt :jf:YosdL{n] ue{ktg u/fPsf]df o;
dxn adf]lhd ue{ t'xfPsf] dflgg] 5}g ================================================
ue{ af]Sg] dlxnfsf] d~h'/Ln] afx| xKtf;Ddsf] ue{kft u/]sf]df ==================!
ha/h:tL s/0fL jf xf8gftf s/0fLaf6 /xg uPsf] c7f/ xKtf;Ddsf] ue{ To:tf]
ue{ af]Sg] dlxnfsf] d~h'/Ln]] ue{kft u/fPsf]df ====================================@
ue{kft gu/fPdf ue{ af]Sg] dlxnfsf] Hofgdf vt/f k'Ug ;Qm5 jf lghsf]
:jf:Yo zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ?kn] v/fa x'g ;Qm5 jf ljsnf· aRrf hGdG5
eGg] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd of]Uotf k|fKt lrlsT;ssf] /fo eO{ To:tf] dlxnfsf]
d~h'/Ln] ue{kft u/fPsf]df ============================================================#

@*u= g+= .. .. s;}n] ue{ktg u/fpg] p2]Zon] ue{df /x]sf] e|'0fsf]
ln· klxrfg x'g] s'g} sfd ug{ u/fpg' x'“b}g . To:tf] sfd ug]{ u/fpg]nfO{ tLg
dlxgfb]lv 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b x'g]5 .
@*3= g+= .. .. @*u= gDa/ cg';f/ ln· klxrfg u/L ue{ktg ug]{
u/fpg]nfO{ 5 dlxgfb]lv b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 .
@( g+= .. .. s]xL /L; OaLn] ue{jtL :jf:gLdflg;nfO{ s]xL s'/f
ubf{ ue{ t'lxg uof] eg] ue{ t'xfpg] dg;fon] u/]sf] /x]g5 eg] klg aft nfU5 .
#) g+= .. .. hGd]sf hLp“bf] afns aflnsf kmflnPsf] b]lvof] eg]
;f] s'/f glhssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf hfx]/ ug'{ k5{ .
#! g+= .. .. … … …
#@ g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] @( g+= adf]lhd s]xL ubf{ afx| xKtf;Ddsf]

ue{ ktg x'g uPsf]df Ps jif{;Dd s}b, kRrL; xKtf;Ddsf] ue{ t'lxg uPsf]df
tLg jif{;Dd s}b / kRrL; xKtf eGbf a9Lsf] ue{ ktg x'g uPsf]df kf“r
jif{;Dd s}b ug'{ k5{ .
## g+= .. .. s;"/bf/ cfkm} d'v ;fljt e} To;}af6 p7]sf] d'2fdf afx]s ue{
t'xfof] eGg] s'/fdf ;f] t'xfPsf] tLg dlxgfleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f yk .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(196)
 dxn !!
hLp df:g] a]Rg]sf]
! g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} dflg;nfO{ laqmL ug]{ p2]Zon] nnfO{ kmsfO{
g]kfn ;/xb aflx/ n}hfg jf nuL laqmL ug{ x'“b}g . ljb]zdf a]Rg nu]sf]df a]Rg
gkfp“b} kqmfp eP a]Rg n}hfg]nfO{ bz jif{ / a]lr;s]sf] eP aL; jif{ s}b x'G5 .
lsGg] dflg; g]kfn ;/xbleq km]nf k/] lghnfO{ ;d]t a]Rg]nfO{ x'g] ;/xsf] ;hfo
x'G5 .
@ g+= .. .. s;}n] ;f]x| jif{ gk'u]sf gfafnsnfO{ jf s'g} pd]/sf]
ePklg duh lau|]sf dflg;nfO{ sfg"gL ;+/Ifssf] d~h'/L a]u/ p;sf]
;+/IfsTjaf6 5'6fpg jf 5'6fpgsf] lgldQ nnfpg kmsfpg x'“b}g . ;f] adf]lhd
5'6fP jf nnfP kmsfPdf ;f] ug]{nfO{ kf“r;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf tLg jif{;Dd
s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'G5 .
# g+= .. .. s;}n] s;}nfO{ sdf/f sdf/L agfpg, bf; t'Nofpg
jf af“wf agfpg x'“b}g . To;/L sdf/f sdf/L agfpg], bf; t'Nofpg] jf af“wf
agfpg] JolQmnfO{ tLg jif{b]lv bz jif{;Dd s}b x'G5 / cbfntn] To:tf]
s;"/bf/af6 ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ dgfl;a Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t e/fO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
$ g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !.@.# gDa/df n]lvPsf] s;"/ ug{df
hfgL hfgL d2t lbg]nfO{ d'VonfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo x'G5 .
% g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] !.# gDa/df n]lvP adf]lhd dflg; a]r]
lsg]sf]df lsGg]sf] y}nL e"; u/fO{ a]Rg]nfO{ ;f] gDa/x?df n]lvPsf] ;hfodf yk
;f] y}nLsf] ljuf] adf]lhd hl/afgf ;d]t ug'{ k5{ .

 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)$* åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(197)
 dxn !@
Onfh ug]{sf]
! g+= .. .. hf]lvdL 7"nf] lr/kmf/ cf}iflw ubf{ / Joyf hf“rL
v'jfpg' kg]{ cf}iflwsf] lnvt u/L lb+bf ;d]t ;f] s'/fsf] Ond k9L kf; bL To;sf]
lg:;f kfPsf kf;jfnf 8fS6/ a}Bn] lr/kmf/ ug{, cf}iflw nufpg / v'jfpg]
cf}iflwsf] lnvt ug{ x'G5 . Joyfsf] k/LIff ug{ jf cf}iflw ug{ hfGg] jf cg'ejn]
ul/cfPsf dflg;n] ;d]t ;fgf] ltgf] 3fp vl6/f lrg'{ kmf]g'{ dnd k§L cf}iflw
nufpg] sfd ugf{nfO{ eg] kf; gePklg ug{ u/fpg x'G5 .
@ g+= .. .. hLpdf s]xL ePsf] lrg'{ kmf]g'{ lemSg' sf6\g' gu/L
gx'g] ePdf a]/fdL hfgsf/ / xf];xjfzdf eP To;;“u ;d]t / afns jf
xf]zxjfzdf gePsf] /x]5 eg] p;sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ jfl/;jfnfsf] d~h'/L lnO{ /
jfl/;jfnf sf]xL gePsf] j]jfl/;L dflg;sf] lrg'{ kmf]g'{ cfjZos b]lvof] eg]
c:ktfnaf6 /f]uLsf] kmfObfsf] lgldQ d~h'/L glnsg klg kf;jfnf 8fS6/ a}B
cfkm}n] ;f] sfd ug{ x'G5 .
# g+= .. .. lqmof k'uL ;f]lwPsf ljifox? / ljiffbL cf}iflwx?
kf;jfnf 8fS6/ / a}Bx?n] Joyfg';f/ v'jfpg' kg]{ e} lnvt u/L lbPdf / 7Ls
dfqf;“u v'jfPdf dg{ uP aft nfUb}g . lqmof gk'uL ;f]lwPsf] ljiffbL / vf“bf
dl/g] egL sxlnPsf c? ljiffbL s]xL j:t' v'jfpg gx'g]nfO{ v'jfP lnvt
ul/lbPsf] eP / v'jfpg x'g]nfO{ v'jfp“bf klg lbg x'g] dfqfeGbf a9L dfqf u/L
lnvtdf n]vL lb+bf jf v'jfp“bf jf a]sfObf;“u /f]uLnfO{ lr/kmf/ ubf{ s]xL x'g
uof] eg] To:tf 8fS6/ a}BnfO{ / 8fS6/ a}Bn] lnvt u/L lb+bf dfqf ldnfO{
/f]uLnfO{ lbg' kg]{ cf}iflw n]vL lbPsf]df cf}iflw ldnfpg]n] dfqfdf 36L a9L kf/L
jf Psyf]s cf}iflw ldnfpg' kg]{df csf]{ cf}iflw ldnfO{ v'jfp“bf s]xL ePdf ;f]
ldnfO{ lbg] ;d]tnfO{ aft nfU5 .
$ g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] ! gDa/ adf]lhd cf}iflw ug{ jf lr/kmf/
ug{ kfpg]n] cf}iflw ubf{ jf lr/kmf/ ubf{ ;d]t ;f] cf}iflw jf lr/kmf/ u/fO{ dfUg]
a]/fdLsf] Joyf a9\g uPdf jf lghsf] d[To' ePdf jf hLpdf xflg kL8f x'g uPdf
vfg lbPsf] cf}iflw af“sL eP ;f]xL cf}iflw ;d]t / ;f] gePdf 8fS6/ a}Bn]
n]lvlbPsf] lnvt lr/kmf/ u/]sf] sfObf / xltof/ To;df u/] nufPsf] cf}iflwdWo]
ljifflbdf lqmof k'u]sf jf gk'u]sf / c? klg k|df0f adf]lhdsf] efu k'u] gk'u]sf]
;d]t s] /x]5 To;df cf}iflw Joyf cg';f/ lbg} kg]{ eO{ lbPsf] / lbg gx'g] lbPsf]
;d]t s] xf] OToflb ;a} s'/f /fd|f] u/L hf“Rg ;Sg] 8fS6/ a}Bx?af6 h“rfO{ /
vfO{ dg]{ ljifflb s'/f eP k/]sf] cf}iflw eP ;f] cf}iflw s's'/ v;L af]sfnfO{ v'jfO{
k/LIff ug'{ k5{ . To:tf] k/LIff ubf{ cf}iflw vfg] s's'/ v;L af]sf dg{ uof] jf
hf“Rbf a]/fdLnfO{ Joyf cg';f/ lbg gx'g] cf}iflwsf] lnvt u/L lbPsf] jf cf}iflw
ldnfpg] jf agfpg]n] k|df0feGbf 36L a9L dfqf kf/L ldnfPsf], lqmof efu
gk'u]sf] cf}iflw v'jfPsf], a]sfObf;“u lr/kmf/ u/]sf], sd;n aLpaf6 lakm/
vf]k]sf] 7x/fP eg] ;f] sfd dfgf{sf lgotn] gu/]sf] a'l4 gk'uL jf e"nr"saf6
dfq x'g uPsf] 7x/]df o;} dxnsf] * gDa/ adf]lhd ;hfo x'G5 .

(198)
 % g+= .. .. 8fS6/ jf a}Bsf] lnvt ge} s;}n] g;f nfUg] rLh /
s'g} lsl;dsf] ljiffbL j:t' jf ljifsf] efu k/]sf] cf}iflwx? lbg laqmL ug{ x'“b}g .
lbP laqmL u/] aft nfU5 .
^ g+= .. .. ax"nfPsf dflg;nfO{ cf}iflw lgldQ lgsf]
gx'GHofn;Dd ======================= c:ktfn eP ;f] 7fp“af6 To; s'/fsf] cf}iflw


u/fpg' k5{ . p;sf] jfl/;jfnfn] nuL lxkmfht;“u /fV5f}+ eg] jfl/;jfnfsf]

lhDdf ul/lbg' k5{ .
& g+= .. .. gf]s/x? jf cfÇgf 3/df af; lbO/fv]sf la/fdL
dflg;nfO{ :ofxf/ ;Def/ ug]{ s'?jf dflg; g/fvL a]lxkmfht;“u To;} cnkq u/L
aflx/ af6f3f6f kf6L kf}jf ;d]t sxL+ nuL kmfNg x'“b}g . ;f] adf]lhd gu/L
a]lxkmfht;“u kmfNg]nfO{ kf“r;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug'{ k5{ . k|x/L ufp“kflnsf
jf gu/kflnsfn] To:tf] lj/fdLnfO{ c:ktfn jf cf}ifwfno ePsf 7fp“df c:ktfn
jf cf}ifwfnodf / ;f] gePsf 7fp“df oyf;Dej lj/fdL s'?jf /fvL cf}iflw u/fpg'
k5{ .
* g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] ! gDa/n] cf}iflw lr/kmf/ ug]{ cf}iflw
ldnfO{ v'jfpg kfpg]x?n] /f]uLsf] kmfObfsf] lgldQ ;f] sfd ubf{ xf]z gk'¥ofO{
ukmnt a]kjf{xL u/L a]sfObf;“u sfd u/]sf]af6 /f]uL dg{ uPsf] jf hLpdf hvd
xflg kL8f ePsf] 7x/]df To:tfnfO{ kf“r ;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf b'O{ jif{;Dd
s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'G5 .
( g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] ! gDa/n] cf}iflw lr/kmf/ ug{ kfpg]
afx]s c?n] /f]uLsf] kmfObfsf lgldQ cf}iflw lr/kmf/ ubf{ vf]Kbf /f]uL dg{ uPdf
jf hLpdf xflg ePdf o;} dxnsf] * gDa/n] x'g] ;hfodf yk Ps ;o ?k}of“;Dd
hl/afgf jf 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b x'G5 . lj/fdLsf] hLpdf xflg s]xL ePsf] /x]g5
eg] kf“r ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 .
!) g+= .. .. o;df cf}iflw ubf{ dg{ uPdf buf u/] afx]s c?df
tLg dlxgfleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg tyf vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&@åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 cbfntL sf/afxL ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(199)
 dxn !#
cf;o s/0fLsf]
! g+= ..
 .. s;}n] s'g} dlxnfsf] d~h'/L lagf lghsf] ;Da]bgzLn
c· 5f]Pdf jf 5'g] k|of; u/]df, lghsf] leqL kf]zfs vf]n]df jf vf]Ng] k|of;
u/]df, lghnfO{ c:jefljs ?kdf s'g} PsfGt 7fp“df nu]df, cfÇgf] of}g ;DaGwL
c· lghnfO{ 5'g, ;dfpg nufPdf jf lghnfO{ clZnn jf cGo To:t} k|sf/sf]
zAb, ;+s]t k|of]u u/]df jf lrq, t:jL/ b]vfPdf, of}gsf cfzon] lh:sfPdf jf
x}/fgL lbPdf jf lgh;“u o:t} cGo s'g} lsl;dn] c:jefljs, cjfl~5t jf
cdof{lbt Jojxf/ u/]df jf lghnfO{ s/0fLsf cfzon] ;dft]df of}g b'Jo{jxf/
u/]sf] dflgg]5 / To:tf] s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ Ps jif{;Dd s}b / bz xhf/
?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 . o:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ s;"/bf/af6 dgfl;a
dflkmssf] Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
@ g+= .. .. === === ===
# g+= .. .. === === ===
$ g+= .. .. === === ===
 % g+= .. .. cfkm" jf c?;“u u}/ sfg"gL s/0fL ug{
:jf:gLdflg;nfO{ kmsfpg] / j]Zof udgsf] nflu ;Dks{ / Joj:yf u/L lbg]nfO{
tLg jif{;Dd s}b / tL; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 .

^ g+= .. .. o; dxndf n]lvPsf] s'/fdf ;f] s'/f k|sfz ePsf

ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(200)
 dxn !$
ha/h:tL s/0fLsf]
 ! g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} dlxnfnfO{ lghsf] d~h'/L glnO{ s/0fL u/]df
jf ;f]x| jif{eGbf sd pd]/sL aflnsfnfO{ lghsf] d~h'/L lnO{ jf glnO{ s/0fL
u/]df lghn] ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] 7x5{ .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; gDa/sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu M
-s_ 8/, qf;, wfs b]vfO{ jf s/sfk, cg'lrt k|efj,
e'mSofgdf kf/L jf hf]/h'n'd u/L jf ckx/0f u/L jf
z/L/ aGws /fvL lnPsf] d~h'/LnfO{ d~h'/L dflgg]
5}g .
-v_ xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] cj:yfdf lnPsf] d~h'/LnfO{
d~h'/L dflgg] 5}g .
-u_ of]gLdf ln· s]xL dfq k|j]z ePsf] /x]5 eg] klg o;
gDa/sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu s/0fL u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-3_ u'b\åf/ jf d'vdf ln· k;fPdf jf ln· afx]s cGo s'g}
j:t' of]gLdf k|j]z u/fPdf klg ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]sf]
dflgg] 5 .
@ g+= .. .. xf8gftfsL :jf:gLdflg;sf] ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]df
o; dxn adf]lhdsf] ;hfodf xf8gftfdf s/0fL ug]{sf] dxndf n]lvPsf] ;hfo
;d]t ykL ;hfo x'G5 . hGd s}bsf] ;hfo kfpg]df eg] ha/h:tL s/0fL jfktsf]
;hfo yk x'“b}g .
# g+= .. .. ha/h:tL s/0fL ug]{nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd s}b ;hfo x'g]5 M–
bz jif{eGbf d'lgsL aflnsf eP bzb]lv kGw| jif{;Dd ============================== !
bz jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L rf}w jif{eGbf sd pd]/sL aflnsf eP cf7b]lv afx|
jif{;Dd ===================================================================================== @
rf}w jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;f]x| jif{eGbf sd pd]/sL aflnsf eP 5 jif{b]lv bz
jif{;Dd======================================================================================= #
;f]x| jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L aL; jif{eGbf sd pd]/sL dlxnf eP kf“r jif{b]lv cf7
jif{;Dd ====================================================================================== $
aL; jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L pd]/sL dlxnf eP kf“rb]lv ;ft jif{;Dd ============== %

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f yk .

(201)
 o; gDa/df cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg nf]Ug]n] :jf:gLnfO{
ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]df tLg jif{b]lv kf“r jif{;Dd =================================== ^

#s= g+= .. .. s;}n] ue{jtL, czQm, ckf·tf ePsf jf xf];
7]ufgdf g/x]sf jf cfkm\gf] ;+/If0f jf x]/ljrf/df /x]sf dlxnfnfO{ ha/h:tL
s/0fL u/]df jf h'g;'s} pd]/sf dlxnf pk/ ;fd"lxs ?kdf ha/h:tL s/0fL
u/]df o; dxndf n]lvPsf] ;hfodf yk kf“r jif{ s}b ug{' k5{ .
#v= g+= .. .. # gDa/ / #s= gDa/df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg cfk"mnfO{ dfgj/f]u k|lt/f]ws Ifdtf gi6 ug]{ lhjf0f' -Pr=cfO{=eL=
kf]lhl6e_ sf] /f]u ePsf] yfxf kfp“bf kfp“b} s;}n] ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] /x]5
eg] To:tf] s;"/bf/nfO{ # gDa/ / #s= gDa/df n]lvPsf] ;hfodf yk Ps jif{
s}b ;hfo x'g]5 .
$ g+= .. .. ha/h:tL s/0fL ug]{ ePsf] s'/f hfgL yfxf kfO{ x"n
u/L ;“unflu hfg] ;dfpg] / ;f] sfddf d2t lbg]nfO{ hgxL tLg jif{;Dd s}b
ug'{ k5{ . ;f]x| jif{ d'lgsL :jf:gLdflg;sf ;DaGwdf eg] bf]Aa/ ;hfo x'G5 .
% g+= .. .. ha/h:tL s/0fL ug]{ pBf]u u/]sf] s/0fL ug{ eg]
kfPsf] /x]g5 eg] ha/h:tL s/0fL ug]{nfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo x'G5 .
^ g+= .. .. cx|fO{ ha/h:tL s/0fL ug{ nufPsf] eP ;f]
cx|fpg]nfO{ s/0fL e};s]sf]df s/0fL ug]{nfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] / s/0fL x'g gkfPsf]
pBf]u;Dd u/]sf] eP pBf]u ug]{nfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo ug'{ k5{ .
& g+= .. .. … … …
* g+= .. .. s;}n] cfk"mnfO{ ha/h:tL s/0fL ug]{ dg;fo lnO{
aGws u/L jf xftkft, 5]sy'g, af“w 5f“b cfqmd0f OToflb hf]/ h'n'd ug{
nfu]sf]df s'g} dlxnfn] To:tf] h'NdLsf] kGhfaf6 pDsL efuL cfkm"nfO{ s/0fL
ug{af6 /f]Sg g;Sg] ljZjf; ePdf jf ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;j sf/0f ePdf /
tTsfn s;}sf] ;+/If0f jf d2t pknAw x'g] jf x'g ;Sg] cj:yf gePdf / To:tf]
h'NdLnfO{ cfk\mgf cSsn js{tn] ;Sg];Ddsf pkfo tTsfn s]xL gu/] cfkm" dfly
s/0fL x'g];Ddsf] 7"nf] 8/, qf; k/L s/0fL lng gkfp“b} jf p;} avt, cfk\mgf]
hf]8an k'Ug g;Sg]df s/0fL lnO{ ;s]kl5 klg ;f]xL s'/fsf] /L; yfDg g;sL p;}
avt s/0fL lnPs} ynfdf jf nk6\b} uO{ xltof/ nf7f], 9'·f OToflb s]xL rnfO{
Hofg dg{ uPsf] 7x/] aft nfUb}g .
( g+= .. .. ck'tfnL vfgfsf nflu s;}n] s'g} :jf:gLdflg;sf]
ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]df jf ug{ nufPdf To:tf] ha/h:tL s/0fL ug]{ jf ug{
nufpg]n] ;f] :jf:gL dflg;sf] ck'tfnL vfg kfp“b}g .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f yk .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

(202)
 
(s=g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} gfafns;“u s'g} lsl;dsf] afn of}g
b'/frf/ -k]8f]kmfPn_ u/] u/fPdf ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] dfgL o;} dxnsf] #
gDa/ adf]lhd x'g] ;hfodf yk Ps jif{;Dd s}b u/L To:tf] gfafnsnfO{ lghsf]
pd]/ / p;nfO{ k'Ug uPsf] dsf{ ;d]t ljrf/ u/L cbfntn] ck|fs[lts d}y'g
ug]{af6 dgfl;a dflkmssf] Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t e/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
(v= g+= .. .. nf]Ug]n] :jf:gLnfO{ ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] ljifodf

k/]sf] ph"/Lsf] k|f/lDes 5fgljgaf6 :jf:gLnfO{ tTsfn jf d'2f lsgf/f gx'b“ f;Dd
;+/If0f lbg cfjZos b]lvPdf cbfntn] nf]Ug]sf] gfddf b]xfosf] cfb]z hf/L ug{
;S5 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
:jf:gLnfO{ lgh a;L cfPsf] 3/df g} a;f]af; ug{ lbg, :jf:gLnfO{ vfg nfpg
lbg, s'6lk6 gug{ tyf lzi6 / ;Eo Jojxf/ ug{ nufpg ––––––––––––––––!
:jf:gLnfO{ cfjZos pkrf/ u/fpg jf pkrf/sf nflu pko'Qm /sd lbg
nufpg –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––@
b'j}nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df a;f]af; ug{ pko'Qm x'g] gb]lvPdf nf]Ug]nfO{ cnu a:g]
Joj:yf ug{ tyf To;/L cnu a:bf :jf:gLsf] e/0fkf]if0fsf] nflu cfjZos
Joj:yf ug{ nufpg –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––#
:jf:gLnfO{ s'g} k|sf/n] b'Mv lbg] jf ;tfpg] sfo{ gug{ / :jf:gLsf] lxt /
;'/Iffsf] lgldQ cGo cfjZos / pko'Qm s'/f ug{ u/fpg ––––––––––––––––$
!) g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} dlxnfnfO{ ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] 7x/]df
cbfntn] To:tL dlxnfnfO{ ePsf] zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s Iflt ljrf/ u/L dgfl;a
7x/fP adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ s;"/bf/af6 e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 . To:tf] Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f
ubf{ s;"/sf] ufDeLo{tf, s;"/af6 kLl8t JolQmsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] /x]5 eg] lghdf
cfl>t gfafns 5f]/f5f]/L eP lghx?nfO{ kg{ uPsf] kL8f ;d]t ljrf/ u/L
lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

!)s= g+= .. .. o; dxn cGtu{tsf] s'g} ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfg /
txlssftsf] l;nl;nfdf kLl8t :jf:gL dflg;sf] aofg u/fp“bf dlxnf k|x/L
sd{rf/Ln] u/fpg' kg]{5 / dlxnf k|x/L sd{rf/L gePdf ;dfh;]jL dlxnfsf]
/f]xj/df cGo k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] u/fpg ;Sg]5 . To;/L aofg u/fp“bf kLl8tsf]

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f yk .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f yk .

(203)
;xhtf / dof{bfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL kLl8t d}qL jftfj/0fdf ;se/ Ps}k6s aofg
u/fpg' k5{ .
!)v= g+= .. .. o; dxn cGtu{t s'g} d'2fsf] sf/afxL rNbf
;DalGwt sfg"g Joj;foL, cleo'Qm, kLl8t :jf:gLdflg; / lghsf] ;+/Ifs tyf
d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] cg'dlt lbPsf k|x/L / cbfntsf sd{rf/L dfq Ohnf;df
pkl:yt x'g ;Sg]5g\ .

!)u= g+= .. .. o; dxn cGtu{tsf] d'2fsf] k}m;nf ubf{ ha/h:tL
s/0fL 7x/ u/]sf]df ;f]xL k}m;nfdf o; dxn adf]lhd s;"/bf/af6 e/fO{ lbg' kg]{
Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t pNn]v u/L ;DalGwt dlxnfnfO{ e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 . Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg]
k|of]hgsf] nflu o; dxn cGtu{tsf] d'2f bfo/ ePnuQ} cbfntn] cf/f]]lkt
JolQmsf] c+z nufotsf cGo ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{5 . s;"/bf/sf] s'g}
;DklQ geO{ ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] s;"/af6 kLl8tn] Ifltk"lt{ gkfpg] b]lvPdf
cbfntn] ;DjlGwt dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{noaf6 Ifltk"lt{ :j?k plrt
/sd kLl8tnfO{ e/fO{lbg] u/L cfb]z ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L cfb]z ePdf ;f]
sfof{noaf6 Ifltk"lt{ jfktsf] /sd tTsfn kLl8tnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!! g+= .. .. ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] s'/fdf ;f] eP u/]sf] ldltn] 5
dlxgfleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .
dxn !%
xf8gftfdf s/0fL ug]{sf]
! g+= .. .. cfkm"nfO{ hGdfpg] cfdfsf] s/0fL ug]{nfO{ hGds}b
x'G5 . cfÇgf Ps} afa' jf cfdfaf6 hGd]sf lbbL alxgL jf cfkm"n] hGdfPsf
5f]/Lsf] s/0fL ug]{nfO{ bzjif{ s}b x'G5 . … … …
@ g+= .. .. b]xfosf gftf lar s/0fL lng] lbg]nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd
;hfo x'G5 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
;f}t]gL cfdf–5f]/f, Ps} xf“ufsf] ;;'/f–a'xf/L, afh]–gfltgL jf kgfltgL, h]7fh'–
efO a'xf/L jf b]j/–efph" lar s/0fL lng] lbg]nfO{ rf/ jif{b]lv 5 jif{;Dd s}b
x'G5 ===========================================================================================!
Ps} xf“ufsf] tLg k':tf;Ddsf] aHo"– gflt jf kgflt, afh]–gfltlg a'xf/L, Ps}
xf“ufsf] 7"nf] afa' jf sfsf–elthL, Ps} xf“ufsf] elthf]–7"nL cfdf jf sfsL, Ps}
xf“ufsf] ;;'/f]–elthL a'xf/L, km'k"–ebf, dfdf–ef~hL jf dfOh"–eflgh, cfdf tkm{sf

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f yk .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

(204)
7"nL cfdf jf ;fgL cfdf–elthf]] / cfkm\gL kTgL tkm{sf] ;f;"–Hjf“O lar s/0fL
lng] lbg]nfO{ tLg jif{b]lv 5 jif{;Dd s}b x'G5 ====================================@
dfly bkmf ! / @ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s ;ft k':tfleqsf cGo gftfsf lar s/0fL
lng]lbg]nfO{ xf“uf], gftf / k':tf ;d]t ljrf/ u/L Ps jif{b]lv tLg jif{;Dd s}b
x'G5 ====================================================================================#
dfly bkmf !,@ / # df n]lvPb]lv afx]s cGo gftfsf lar s/0fL lng] lbg]nfO{
gftf ljrf/ u/L tLg dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{;Dd s}b x'G5 ============================$
# g+= .. ..
$ g+= .. ..
% g+= .. ..
^ g+= .. ..


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f vf/]h .

(205)
  & g+= .. .. … … …
* g+= .. .. … … …
( g+= .. ..
!) g+= .. ..
!)s=g+= .. .. o; dxnsf cGo gDa/x?df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg cfÇgf hft jf s"ndf rnL cfPsf] rng cg';f/ ljjfx jf s/0fL ug{
x'g] gftf ;DaGwdf ljjfx jf s/0fL ePsf]df of] dxn adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] 5}g .
!! g+= .. .. o; dxnsf cGo gDa/x?df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg s;}n] o; dxn adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] gftfsf s'g} ;wjf :jf:gLsf]
s/0fL u/]sf] /x]5 / ;fw'n] hf/Lsf] dxn adf]lhd s}bsf] ;hfo ;d]t u/fpg
rfxG5 eg] o; dxn adf]lhd x'g] ;hfodf ;f] s}bsf] ;hfo ;d]t ykL s}b
ul/lbg' k5{ t/ ;f] adf]lhd ykL s}b ubf{ 5 jif{eGbf a9L s}b x'g hfg] /x]5 eg]
Ps jif{ dfq yk s}b ug'{ k5{ .
!@ g+= .. .. o; dxndf n]lvPsf s;"/ ;DaGwL s'/fdf s;"/
ug]{sf] Ho";Dd gfln; gk/] nfUg ;St}g .

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f vf/]h .
 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

(206)
 dxn !^
kz' s/0fLsf]
! g+= .. .. s;}n] :qL hflt rf}kfofsf] s/0fL ug{ jf s'g}
rf}kfofl;t s/0fL u/fpg jf c? s'g} ck|fs[lts d}y'g ug{ u/fpg x'“b}g .
@ g+= .. .. s;}n] :qLhflt rf}kfofdWo] ufO{sf] s/0fL u/]df
lghnfO{ b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b / ufO{ afx]s c? rf}kfofsf] s/0fL u/]df Ps jif{;Dd
s}b jf kf“r ;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 .
# g+= .. .. s'g} :jf:gLdflg;n] rf}kfofaf6 s/0fL u/fPdf
lghnfO{ Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf kf“r;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 .
$ g+= .. .. o; dxnsf c? gDa/x?df n]lvPb]lv afx]s c? s'g}
lsl;dsf] ck|fs[lts d}y'g ug]{ u/fpg]nfO{ Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf kf“rxhf/
?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 .
% g+= .. .. o; dxndf n]lvPsf] s'/fdf ;f] eP u/]sf ldltn]
Ps jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

(207)
 dxn !&
ljxfj/Lsf]
! g+= .. .. xf8gftf s/0fLsf] dxnn] ;hfo x'g] gftfdf afx]s
o; dxnsf gDa/ gDa/df n]lvPsf s'/fsf cwLgdf /xL cfÇgf] OR5fg';f/
/fhLv'zLn] ljxfj/L ug{ x'G5 . ljxfj/L ePsf]df xf8gftfdf kg{ uPsf] /x]5 eg]
tL nf]Ug] :jf:gLnfO{ 5'6\ofO{ lbg' k5{ . hfgL hfgL To:tf] ljxfj/L u/]sf]df
xf8gftf s/0fLsf] dxndf n]lvP adf]lhd ;hfo ;d]t x'G5 .
@ g+= .. .. ljxfj/L ubf{ dlxnf / k'?ifsf] pd]/ ================ aL;

jif{ gk'uL ljxfj/L ug{ u/fpg x'“b}g . ljjfx u/] u/fPdf ;f] ug]{ u/fpg]dWo] pd]/
k'u]sf d'VonfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd x'G5 ================================================
bz jif{ gk'u]sL aflnsfsf] ljjfx u/] u/fPsf] /x]5 eg] 5 dlxgfb]lv tLg
jif{;Dd s}b / Ps xhf/ ?k}of“b]lv bz xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 ========= !
bz jif{b]lv dfly rf}w jif{ gk'u]sL aflnsfsf] ljjfx u/] u/fPsf] /x]5 eg] tLg
dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{;Dd s}b / kf“r xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 ===============@
rf}w jif{b]lv dfly c7f/ jif{ gk'u]sL :jf:gL dflg;sf] ljjfx u/] u/fPsf] /x]5
eg] 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b jf bz xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 === #
aL; jif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf] :jf:gL dflg; jf nf]Ug] dflg;sf] ljjfx u/] u/fPsf] /x]5
eg] 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b jf bz xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 === $
P]gn] ljjfx ug{ kfpg] xbleqsf] xf] egL 9f“6L ljjfx u/] ul/lbPsf] ghfgL ljjfx
ug]{ u/fpg]nfO{ ;hfo x'“b}g ============================================================== %
dfly bkmf bkmfdf n]lvP adf]lhd ljjfx ug{ u/fpg gx'g]df hfgL hfgL ljjfxsf]
sfd ug]{ k'/f]lxt, ndL / c? d2tLx?dWo] pd]/ k'u]sf]nfO{ Ps dlxgf;Dd s}b jf
Ps xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 ==================================================== ^
o; gDa/sf] dflysf bkmfx?df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljjfx eg] eO{
g;s]sf] /Lt b:t'/ k'¥ofO{ l5gL;Dd ;s]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] s'/f l5Gg] d'VonfO{ kf“r
;o ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf u/L l5gL ;s]sf] s'/f ab/ ul/lbg' k5{ ================== &
dfly !, @, # / $ bkmf adf]lhd ePsf] hl/afgf lt/] lnO{ ;f] hl/afgf To;}
aflnsf, :jf:gLdflg; jf nf]Ug]dflg;nfO{ lbg' k5{ . glt/]df ;f] hl/afgf x'g]
JolQmsf] dfq c+z hfohft u/L pk/ ePsfaf6 ;f] nfu]sf] hl/afgfsf] c° hlt
;f] aflnsf, :jf:gLdflg; jf nf]Ug]dflg;nfO{ lbg' k5{ . hfohftaf6 ;f] hl/afgf
pk/ x'g g;s] pk/ gePsf] hl/afgfsf] ?k}of“ hltdf tLg dlxgf;Dd s}b ug'{
k5{ ================================================================================== *

 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg tyf vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&@åf/f lemlsPsf] .

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nf]Ug]dflg; jf :jf:gLdflg;dWo] s;}sf] pd]/ aL; jif{ gk'uL ljjfx ePsf] /x]5
/ ;Gtfg klg hGd]sf] /x]g5g\ eg] aL; jif{ pd]/ gk'uL ljjfx ePsf]n] aL;
jif{ k'u]kl5 d~h'/L gu/] To:tf] ljjfx ab/ ug{ kfp“5 ============================= (
# g+= .. .. ljjfx lgldQ cfÇgf s'nsf] /Lt b:t'/ lbP lnP kl5
klg ljjfx ug{ grfx] s/ nfUb}g .
$ g+= .. .. s;}n] klg b]xfosf] cj:yfsf] k'?if jf dlxnfnfO{
e'mSofO{ ljjfx ug{ jf u/fpg x'b“ }g . e'mSofO{ u/]sf] ljjfx ;f] ljjfx ug]{ s'g}
JolQmn] d~h'/ gu/]df ab/ u/fpg ;S5 . e'mSofO{ ljjfx u/] jf u/fPdf b'O{
jif{;Dd s}b / Psnfv ?k}of“;Dd hl/jfgf x'G5 . To:tf] hl/jfgfsf] /sd
Ifltk"lt{ :j?k e'mSofgdf kg]{nfO{ e/fO{ lbg' k5{ ––––––––––––––––––––––––––
z/L/df dfgj /f]u k|lt/f]ws Ifdtf gi6 ug{] lhjf0f' -Pr=cfO{ eL_ jf x]kf6fOl6;
aL /x]sf] jf o:t} k|s[ltsf lgsf] gx'g] s8f /f]u nfu]sf] ––––––––––––––––––!
of}gf· gePsf], k'?ifTjxLg ePsf] jf ;Gtfg pTkfbg ug]{ Ifdtf gePsf] k|dfl0ft
e};s]sf] ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––@
k"0f{?kdf af]Ng jf ;'Gg g;Sg] jf k"0f{ ?kdf b[li6ljxLg ePsf] ––––––––––––#
xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––$
ljjfx e};s]sf] ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––%
ue{jtL e};s]sf] –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––^
g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf s;"/bf/ 7x/L cbfntaf6 ;hfo
kfPsf] –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––&
% g+= .. .. ===============
^ g+= .. .. ==============
& g+= .. .. ==============
* g+= .. .. ===================
 ( g+= .. .. of] gDa/ k|f/De ePkl5 Psf;uf]ndf a:g g;Sg]
sf/0faf6 nf]Ug] / :jf:gL lar c+za08f eO{ leGg a;]df afx]s s'g} nf]Ug]

 s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg tyf vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f vf/]h .
 P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f vf/]h .

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dflg;n] cfk\mgL :jf:gL hLljt 5“b} jf sfg"g adf]lhd nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf] ;DaGw
ljR5]b gx'b“ } csL{ dlxnf;“u ljjfx ug{ jf csf{] kTgL /fVg x'b“ }g .
 (s g+= .. .. =====================
 !) g+= .. .. s;}n] of] dxnsf] ( ================ gDa/df n]lvPsf]
s'/fsf] ljk/Lt csf]{ ljjfx u/]df jf :jf:gL /fv]df lghnfO{ Ps jif{b]lv tLg
jif{;Dd s}b / kf“r xhf/ ?k}of“b]lv kRrL; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ;d]t x'g]5 .
:jf:gLdflg;n] hfgL hfgL To:tf] ljjfx u/]df jf :jf:gL e} a;]df lghnfO{ klg
;f]xL adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 .
!)s= g+= .. .. s;}n] csf{sL :jf:gLnfO{ ljjfx u/L lghsf]
wgdfn ;d]t nu]sf]df jf s'g} dlxnfn] csf]{ ljjfx u/L hf“bf cfkm"n] nufPsf] jf
k|of]u ug]{ nQfsk8f jf cfkm\gf] bfOhf], k]jf jf lghL cfh{g afx]s klxnf] nf]Ug]sf]
wgdfn;d]t nu]df To;/L nUg gkfpg] wgdfnsf] xsdf lghsf] klxnf] nf]Ug] /
lgh d/]df jf ljb]z uPsf]df lghsf] xsbf/n] lkmtf{ lng kfp“5 .

!! g+= .. .. o; dxndf n]lvPsf] s'/fdf ;f] s'/f yfxf kfPsf]
ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f yk .
 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f yk .

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  dxn !*
hf/Lsf]
=============================


n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f vf/]h .

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 dxn !(
cbnsf]
! g+= .. .. c?sf] wd{df vnn kg]{ u/L s;}n] klg s'g} wd{
k|rf/ ug{ jf s;}n] s;}sf] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg x'“b}g . ;f] s'/fsf] pBf]u;Dd
u/]sf] ePdf tLg jif{;Dd s}b / wd{ kl/jt{g u/fO{ ;s]sf]df 5 jif{;Dd s}b u/L
ljb]zL gful/s eP To:tf] ;hfo ef]uL ;s]kl5 lghnfO{ g]kfn aflx/ lgsfnf
;d]t ul/lbg' k5{ .
 !s g+= .. .. s;}n] s'g} wfld{s :yn jf wfld{s sfo{df vnn kfg]{
s'g} sfd u/]df tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf tLg xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf b'j} ;hfo
x'g ;Sg]5 .
@ g+= .. .. ljb]zL gful/s, ljb]zL ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf ljb]zL
/fi6«nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt a]u/ s'g} crn ;DklQ laqmL jf bfg as;
u/L jf c? s'g} k|sf/n] xs 5f8L jf aGws lbg x'“b}g . lbP lnPsf] eP ;f] ;DklQ
hkmt e} g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'G5 . ;fx"sf] y}nL k/]sf] eP ;f] y}nL skfnL ;/x x'G5 .
# g+= .. .. g]kfnleqsf] s'g} crn ;DklQdf s'g} ljb]zL
gful/snfO{ ck'tfnL k¥of] jf c+z k|fKt eof] eg] sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfnsf]
gful/stf k|fKt u/L g]kfndf cfO{ a;]sf]df afx]s ;f] ;DklQ lghsf] gfddf btf{
ug{ jf ;f] ;DklQsf] cfo:tf vfg kfp“b}g . s'g} g]kfnL gful/sx?nfO{ ;f] ;DklQ
laqmL u/L jf c? s'g} Joxf]/fn] xs 5f]8L lbg kfp“5 . ;f] adf]lhd gu/L lbP
lnPsf] ab/ e} ;DklQdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
$ g+= .. .. ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] cfkm" axfn /x]sf] c8\8fdf k/L
/x]sf] jf kg{ cfPsf] crn ;DklQ ;DaGwL d'2fdf cfkm"n] sf/afxL u/L l5g]sf]
hlt dWo] s'g} klg cfkm" ;f]xL c8\8fdf jf ;f]xL lhNnfsf] c? s'g} c8\8fdf axfn
5pGh]n / cfkm" cGt c? lhNnfdf ;?jf eO{ jf jvf{:t eO{ ;f] c8\8f jf lhNnf
jf ;/sf/L ;]jfaf6 axfn 6'6]sf] b'O{ jif{;Dd cfÇgf] jf cfÇgf kl/jf/sf] s'g}
JolQmsf gfddf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt a]u/ s'g} Joxf]/f;“u lng x'“b}g .
lnPsf] ePklg ab/ x'G5 . xs 5'6fO{ lnPsf] /x]5 eg] lghsf] y}nL k/]sf] eP ;f]
y}nL e"; u/fO{ ;f] lnPsf] crn ;DklQ lghaf6 hkmt u/L hUuf eP sfg"gsf] /Lt
k'¥ofO{ khgL ul/lbg' k5{ . xs g5'6fO{ lwtf] aGws;Dd n]vfO{ lnPsf]df lghsf]
k/]sf] y}nL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'G5 c;fdLn] ;f] y}nL a'emfp“bf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{
a'emfpg' k5{ . c8\8faf6 ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleqdf lkmtf{ y}nL lbO{
lgvgL lng c;fdLn] ;s]g jf d~h'/ u/]g eg] ;f]xL hUuf lnnfd laqmL u/L
cfPsf] ?k}of“df y}nL;Dd hkmt u/L a9L eP a9L hlt ;f] ;DklQsf] wgLnfO{
lkmtf{ u/fO{ lnnfddf sa'n ug]{sf gfddf ;f] ;DklQsf] axfnL ul/lbg' k5{ .
% g+= .. .. s}b jf y'gfdf /x]sL s'g} dlxnfnfO{ ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln]
s/0fL u/]df jf s/0fL ug{ c? s;}nfO{ ;+of]u kf/L, ldnfO{ lbO{ s/0fL u/fPdf jf

 s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)$* åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)$* åf/f yk .

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lrlsT;f ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] lrlsT;s jf :jf:YosdL{n] To:tf] ;]jf k|fKt ug{
cfPsL s'g} dlxnfnfO{ ;f] ;]jf pknAw u/fp“bf jf u/fpg] :yfgdf s/0fL u/]df
jf cfk"mn] ;+/If0f lbPsL jf cfÇgf] x]/ljrf/df /x]sL s'g} dlxnfnfO{ To;/L
;+/If0f lbg] jf x]/ljrf/ ug]{ JolQmn] s/0fL u/]df jf xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sL jf
zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s /f]u nfuL pkrf/ jf k'g:yf{kgf ug{ /flvPsL s'g}
dlxnfnfO{ To:tf] pkrf/ jf k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln]
s/0fL u/]df tLg jif{b]lv kf“r jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 . To:tf] sfo{ ubf{ o; P]g jf
cGo sfg"g cg';f/ klg ;hfo x'g] /x]5 eg] ;f] ;hfo ;d]t yk x'g]5 .
^ g+= .. .. s'g} e]ifwf/Ln] xsjfnfn] /fhL v'zL u/L lbP eg] klg
jf p;}nfO{ /fhL u/fPsf] ePklg c7f/ jif{ gk'u]sf dflg;nfO{ d'8 \g x'“b}g . c7f/
jif{ gf3]sfnfO{ s/sfk u/L d'8L lbof] eg] d'l8Psf k}+tL; lbgleq ph"/ lbP
;'Gg'k5{ . glbPdf v'zL/fhL 7x5{ . c7f/ jif{ d'lgsfnfO{ d'8]sf] s'/fdf tLg
jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;Sb}g .
& g+= .. .. o;} dxnsf] ^ gDa/sf] s;"/ ug]{nfO{ Ps jif{;Dd
s}b x'G5 .
* g+= .. .. =========================
( g+= .. ..
!) g+= .. .. s;}n] csf{sf] ;fdflhs /Llt l:yltdf vnn kg]{ jf
x'g] u/L em'SofO{ jf ha/h:tL u/L s'g} sfd s'/f ug{ u/fpg x'“b}g . s;}n] u/] jf
u/fPdf lghnfO{ a9Ldf Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf Ps xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 .
 !)s= ====================

!)v= g++ .. .. ==================

!)u= g+= .. .. s;}n] n}l·s, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;F“:s[lts, k|yf–

k/Dk/f, j}jflxs l:ylt jf ha/h:tL s/0fLaf6 kLl8t ePsf], s'g} /f]u nfu]sf] jf
o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df s;}nfO{ e]befj u/]df 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b jf krf; xhf/
?k}of“;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

 n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f vf/]h .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f vf/]h .
 hflto e]befj tyf 5'jf5't -s;"/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)^* åf/f vf/]h .
 af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k -s;"/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)&@ åf/f vf/]h .

n}l·s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ tyf n}l·s lx+;f cGTo ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g,
@)&@ åf/f yk .

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 !! g+= .. .. o; dxndf ;hfo n]lvPsf] s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd /
c?df aL; ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'G5 .
!@ g+= .. .. o; dxnsf] !.@.# gDa/df n]lvPsf] s'/fdf hlxn];'s}
klg / c?df xbDofb n]lvPsf] s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd / gn]lvPsf] s'/fdf eP
u/]sf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}g .

(214)
 efu %
vf/]hLsf]

! g+= .. .. of] d'n'sL P]g k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3sf] d'n'sL P]g

vf/]h ul/Psf]5 .
@ g+= .. .. ;+jt\\ @))& ;fn kmfu'g & ut] cl3 agL of] d'n'sL
P]g k|f/De x'“bfsf avt /x]sf ;jfn ;gbx?df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
of] d'n'sL P]gdf n]lvPsf] s'/fdf o;} adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .
1

b|i6Jo M -!_ s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf] zAbx? M–
æ>L % sf] ;/sf/Æ sf] ;§f æg]kfn ;/sf/Æ .
-@_ u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f ?kfGt/
ePsf] zAbx? M–
æei6«frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!&Æ sf] ;§f æei6«frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)%(Æ .
-#_ Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)&# åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? M–
æk'g/fj]bg cbfntÆ sf] ;§f æpRr cbfntÆ .
-$_ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ åf/f ;+zf]wg ePsf b]xfosf zAbx? ldlt
@)&$.@.* ut] b]lv k|f/De ePsf] M– -g]=/f=k= @)&$.@.*_
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