University of engineering and technology,
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Taxila.
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Project proposal DLD
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Title: Clap Switch Circuit
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Submitted to: Engin. Rehan yousof
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Submitted by: Muzamil Hussain (17-SE-03)
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Amna Bibi (17-SE-15)
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Section: Alpha
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Clap Switch Circuit
ABSTRACT:-
We do know that the candles are not new to us and they are used for birthday
parties, decoration and on a certain premise. So, we also know that science along
with electronics has gone far from its basic circuits. Since candles are no exceptions
and electronics has also assisted us to form a circuit which would simply be using
certain components and allowing us to manifest it as an electrically backed candle
circuit and then blowing them off. The given circuit can be used for manifold purposes
like decoration and automotive novelties.
INTRODUCTION:-
The main purpose of our circuit is to make an electrically backed LED circuit
and then turning that off just by a puff. The puff applied to the mic is converted into a
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voltage whose value is very small. This voltage is amplified and applied to the circuit
in order to make the led turn off. We can use a 3V bulb instead of LEDS, but in our
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project we have used LEDS as it seems simple and more conducive than a bulb.
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COMPONENTS:-
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Electret Condenser Mic
Light Emitting Diode
BC 550 (NPN) transistor
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BC 337 (NPN) transistor
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BC 327 (NPN) transistor
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10µF Capacitor
4V battery or three cells (1.5V) or DC power supply
Resistors
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Breadboard
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Connecting wires
Explanation:
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Electret Condenser Mic :-
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Electret Condenser Mic is an electrostatic induction based
microphone. It is used to sense the puff. This condenser mike is simply
used to convert the acoustic or puff signal into electrical signal. They
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have high sensitivity to loud sounds. This somehow acts like a transducer
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by converting the analog signal to the electrical signal.
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Light Emitting Diode :-
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A light-emitting diode is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is
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a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated. When a suitable
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current is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with
electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.
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We would be using three LEDS of diverse colors which would be
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controlled by the battery and the switch inserted to turn them on and then
turning them off simply by puffin along the mic.
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BC 550 NPN Transistor:-
It is a NPN transistor, which is used as an Amplifier here. Initially it
is open circuit and it starts conducting from emitter to collector only when
the base has its cutoff voltage. These transistors are used for amplifying
the incoming signal from the MIC. This amplified voltage is applied to the
latching pair containing two other transistors.
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BC 337 NPN Transistor:-
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It is a NPN transistor and it is connected with the PNP transistor
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327 to form a latching pair. These two transistors are mainly responsible
for turning the LED OFF. When the push button is tapped the LEDS glow
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because of these two transistors and hence the change in voltage from
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the condenser mike makes them turn the LEDS OFF.
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And the BC 327 PNP transistor’s diagram is,
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Capacitor: -
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Capacitor is a device used to store an electric charge, consisting of
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one or more pairs of conductors separated by an insulator. The capacitor
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we have used in this circuit is of 10micro-Farad, that is connected in
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parallel to the Diode and then to the latching pair of two transistors Q2
and Q3 and hence helps in shutting the LED OFF and ON.
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Resistors :-
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Resistor is a device that acts as a deterrent in the flow of current. It
is a passive element as it consumes current. In our circuit we have used
6 resistors having particular values. These 6 resistors have been
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implemented to resist the overflow of current. The 100ohm resistor that
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has been connected in parallel to LEDs’ can be changed depending upon
the voltage we provide to LED’s. We could rather use a high resistor
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instead of 100ohm if only we are operating our circuit on high voltage.
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Resistors values can simply be measured by using color code or
Multimeter.
Bread-Board :-
Breadboard is a construction base for making circuits. A
breadboard is a solderless device used for making circuits and to test
circuit designs. Electronic circuits are made by interconnecting its
electronic components by inserting its leads into the holes of breadboard
and then use wires to make connections. Top and bottom rows of holes
are horizontally connected and insulator is present in middle and other
holes are connected vertically.
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Connecting Wires :-
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Connecting wires allow an electrical current to travel from one point
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on a circuit to another point because electricity needs a medium it can
travel through .Most of them are made of copper or aluminum. Copper is
cheap and has good conductivity. Instead of the copper, we can also use
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silver which has high conductivity but costly to use. So the connecting
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wires have been used to create connection amid any two elements in the
circuit.
Circuit diagram:-
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Working:-
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In this simple Puff to OFF LED circuit mike is used to sense the
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puff. Initially, give the connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
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Connect a battery of 5V. When the push button S1 is pressed, the
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transistors Q2 and Q3 wired as latching pair get activated and drive the
LEDs to glow. The LEDs remains in this condition. When the mic comes
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under our puff, the sound pressure is simply converted into a voltage
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signal at its output. This voltage signal will be amplified by the transistor
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Q1 labeled in the above circuit diagram. Initially it is open circuit and it
starts conducting from emitter to collector only when the base has its
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cutoff voltage. The output from transistor Q1 goes through a signal diode
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in parallel to a capacitor C2 of 10uf. This amplified voltage is applied to
the latching pair. BC 327 is a PNP transistor. When there is no voltage
applied to the base, emitter and collector are in conducting state. When
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the base is supplied with cut-off voltage, emitter and collector stop
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conducting. The collector of the BC 327 is connected to the base of the
BC 337 transistor which is a PNP transistor. These two act as latching
pair. These two are mainly responsible for turning the LED OFF. The
push button switch S1 has to be pressed again to switch the LEDs ON.
Advantages :-
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LED (Light Emitting Diode) is the modern and most intriguing
technological advance in the lightning industry, which appeared recently
and gained popularity in our market because of its manifold advantages
like:
Long Service Life
Efficiency
Resistance to impact and temperature
Ecology: LEDs don’t contain toxic materials such as mercury and
other metals dangerous for the environment.
Color: LEDs can emit light of an intended color without the use of
color filters.
Disadvantages :-
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LEDs are currently more expensive, measured in price lumen, than
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more conventional lightning technologies.
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LED performance largely depends on the ambient temperature of
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the operating environment. Driving the LED had in high ambient
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temperatures may result in the overheating of the LED package
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eventually leading to device failure.
Conclusion:-
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This project is designed in such a way that it has the ability to turn
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the already glowing LEDS OFF simply by a single puff. The system uses
the Electret condenser mic on which the puff is to be applied. The
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transistors inserted in the circuit assist in amplifying the voltage signal
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generated by the puff on the mic. The voltage source keeps two of them
conducting while the LEDs are glowing and then the applied puff is
virtually changed into a voltage signal that is to be amplified by the
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transistor Q1 and hence makes the already conducting transistors stop
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conducting, making the LEDs to turn off. We can further enhance the
circuit by inserting some high voltage bearing lamps instead of these tiny
LEDs to make the circuit look rather more conducive and resourceful,
which would further let us make circuits analogous to this one.
Applications (Circuit) :-
This can be used as a candle.
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The circuit can be used as decorative item in church and during
special occasions.
Provides us an idea about the working of LED Christmas Lights
Circuit.
Stained glass lamps & lanterns use this circuit.
This can be used in arts and crafts applications.
Model railroading accessories utilize this circuit.
This can be used in haunted houses and spooky lighting.
This can be used in automotive novelties.
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