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Computer Organization and Architecture: 06 Jumada II, 1440 Tuesday, 12 February 2019

This document introduces computer architecture and organization. It defines computer architecture as the programmer's view including instruction sets and data representation. Computer organization refers to how components are interconnected and work internally, such as control signals and memory technology. Both architecture and organization contribute to a computer's structure and function, with architecture determining what tasks can be performed and organization defining how tasks are carried out. The document outlines a computer's functional view involving data movement, storage, processing, and control, as well as its hierarchical structure from the top system level down to the central processing unit and control unit.

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muhammad farooq
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55 views15 pages

Computer Organization and Architecture: 06 Jumada II, 1440 Tuesday, 12 February 2019

This document introduces computer architecture and organization. It defines computer architecture as the programmer's view including instruction sets and data representation. Computer organization refers to how components are interconnected and work internally, such as control signals and memory technology. Both architecture and organization contribute to a computer's structure and function, with architecture determining what tasks can be performed and organization defining how tasks are carried out. The document outlines a computer's functional view involving data movement, storage, processing, and control, as well as its hierarchical structure from the top system level down to the central processing unit and control unit.

Uploaded by

muhammad farooq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Organization

and Architecture

Chapter 1

Introduction

06 Jumada II, 1440

Tuesday, 12 February 2019


Computer Architecture & Organization

• computer architecture
—programmer's view of the machine’s data
representation and operations

• computer organization
—structural relationships of components, not
visible to the programmer
Computer Architecture
• Architecture is those attributes that are
visible to the programmer
—Instruction set
—Number of bits used for data representation
—I/O mechanisms
—Addressing techniques
—e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
Computer Organization
• Organization is how constituent parts are
interconnected and work
—Control signals
—Interfaces
—Memory technology
—e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it
done by repeated addition?
Architecture & Organization 2
• All Intel x86 family share the same basic
architecture
• The IBM System/370 family share the
same basic architecture

• This gives code compatibility


—At least backwards
• Organization differs between different
versions
Structure & Function
• Structure is the way in which components
relate to each other
• Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure
• Computer a complex system hence need
to learn its hierarchal nature
Function
• Computer functions are:
—Data processing

—Data storage

—Data movement

—Control
Functional View
Operations (a) Data movement
Operations (b) Storage
Operation (c) Processing from/to storage
Operation (d)
Processing from storage to I/O
Structure - Top Level

Peripherals Computer

Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit

Computer
Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines
Structure - The CPU

CPU

Computer Arithmetic
Registers and
I/O Login Unit
System CPU
Bus
Internal CPU
Memory Interconnection

Control
Unit
Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit

CPU
Sequencing
ALU Logic
Control
Internal
Unit
Bus
Control Unit
Registers Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory

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