“From Rizal’s First Journey to Europe up to his First Homecoming” 1882 - 1887 —¢ After finishing the 4" year of the medical course in the University of Santo Tomas, Rizal decided to complete his studies in Spain Aside from completing his studies in Spain, Rizalian his “secret mission’ — was to observe keenly the life and the culture, languages and customs, industries, commerce and government and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny * This Rizalian secret mission was likewise disclosed by Paciano in his letter to his younger brother dated Manila, May 20, 1882.* Rizal’s departure for Spain was kept secret to avoid detection by the Spain authorities and the friars * Jose Mercado — Rizal used this name; a cousin biceliiidii 10) * May 3, 1882 — Rizal departed on board the Spanish streamer Salvadora bound for Singapore* Donato Lecha — the ship captain from Asturias. Spain befriended Rizal. - Rizal described him as an affable man, “much more refined than his other countrymen and colleagues that | have met. “ Rizal played chess with his fellow passengers who were much older that he May 8, 1882 — while the streamer was approaching Singapore, Rizal was a beautiful island, fascinated by its scenic beauty, he remember “Talim Island with the Susong EE cMCte ieee ee el eee May 9, 1882 - the Salvadora docked at Singapore Hotel de la Paz — Rizal registered here and spent two days on a sightseeing soiree of the city, which was a colony of England In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another ship Djemnah, a French streamer, which left Singapore for Europe on May 11, 1882 May 17, 1882 — Djemnah reached Point Galle, a seacoast twon in southern Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)* Rizal wrote on his travel diary: “ The general apperance of Point Galle is picturestic but lonely and quiet FValo le Vaan oecrelnn ela taicr (eM * Colombo — capital of Ceylon * Rizal was enamored by Colombo because of its scenic beauty and elegant buildings *“Colombo is more beautiful, smart and elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and Manila”* Aden —city hotter than Manila; Rizal was amused to see the camels, for the first time * City of Suez — the Red Sea terminal of the Suez Canal * Rizal was impressed in the beautiful moonlight which reminded him of Calamba and his family * Suez Canal — canal which built by Ferdinand de Lesseps (French diplomat-engineer) which was inaugurated on November 17, 1869 * Port Said — the Mediterranean terminal of the Suez Canalieee June 11, 1882 — Rizal reached Naples — Rizal was pleased on this Italian City because of its business activity, its lively people ad its panoramic beauty Night of June 12, 1882 —the steamer docked at the French harbor of Marseilles Rizal visited the famouse Chateau d’lf, where Dantes, hero of the Count of Monte Cristo was imprisoned Rizal stayed two and a half days in MarseillesAfternoon of May 15, 1882 — Rizal left Merseilles by train for the last lap of his trip to Spain Rizal crossed the Pyreness and stopped for a day at the frontier town of Port Bou June 16, 1882 — Rizal finally reached his destination - iste} geted(o) are) Rizal's first impression of Barcelona, the greatest city of Catalufia and Spain’s second largest city was unfavorable*Las Ramblas — the most famous street in Barcelona * Amor Patrio (Love of Country) — nationalistic essay, Rizal’s first article written on Spain’s soil * Under his pen-name Laong Laan, appeared in print in Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882 * It was published in two texts — Spanish and Tagalog a datcMcysr-Val ics) aman dal oMelloMoler salad malta ee by Rizal in Barcelona, the tagalog text was a Tagalog translation made by M.H. del Pilar* Basilio Teodoro Moran —a friend of Rizal in Manila and the publisher of Diariong Tagalog where Rizal sent this article * Diariong Tagalog — the first Manila bilingual newspaper (Spanish and Tagalog) * Los Viajes (Travels) — Rizal’s second article for Diariong Tagalog * Rizal received sad news about the cholera that was ravaging Manila and the provinces according to Paciano’s letter, dated September 15, 1882* Another sad news from the Philippines was the chatty letter of Chengoy recounting the unhappiness of Leonor Rivera * In one of his letters (dated May 26, 1882) Paciano advised his younger brother to finish the medical course in Madrid * Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of 1882 established himself in Madrid, the capital of Spain.ieee November 3, 1882 — Rizal enrolled In the Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University ef Madrid) in two courses — Medicine and Philosophy and Letters Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando — Rizal studied painting and sculpture Rizal's only extravagance was investing a few pesetas for a lottery ticket in every draw of the Madrid Lottery Rizal spent his leisure time reading and writing at his boarding house, attending the reunions of Filipino students at the house of the Paterno brothers (Antonio, Maximo and Pedro) and practicing fencing and shooting at the gymnasium¢ Antigua Café de Levante — during the summer twilights, this is where Rizal sipped coffee and fraternized with the students from Cuba, Mexico, Argentina etc ¢ On Saturday evenings, Rizal would visit the home of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey (former city mayor of Manila) who now lived in Madrid with his son (Rafael) and daughter (Consuelo). * Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Philippine Circle)- a society of Spaniards and Filipinos which Rizal joined shortly after his arrival in Madrid in 1882* Me Piden Versos (They Ask Me For Verses)- upon the request of the members of this society, Rizal wrote this poem which he personally declaimed during the New Year’s Eve reception of the Madrid Filipinos held in the evening of December 31, 1882 *In this sad poem, Rizal poured out the cry of his agonizing heart * Rizal economized on his living expenses, and with the money he saved, he purchased books from a second- hand book store owned by a certain Sefior Roses * Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew- these two books aroused Rizal’s sympathy for the oppressed and unfortunate peopleieee During his first summer vacation in Madrid, Rizal went to Paris, gay capital of ie] ale) The prices of food, drinks, theatre, tickets, laundry, hotel accommodations, and transportation were too high for Rizal’s slender purse so that he commented ina letter to his family: “Paris«June 17 to August 20, 1883- Rizal sojourn in Paris * Hotel de Paris- located on 37 Rue de Maubange wherein Rizal billeted but later, he moved to a cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in the Latin Quarter « Laennec Hospital- where Rizal observed Dr. Nicaise treating his patients + Lariboisiere Hospital- where Rizal observed the examination of different diseases of women * Rizal was impressed by the way the Spanish Mason openly and freely c riticized the government policies and lambasted the friars, which could not be done in Philippines* March 1883- Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid * Rizal’s reason for becoming a mason was to secure Freemansory’s aid in his fight against the friars in the Philippines * Lodge Solidaridad (Madrid) — Rizal transferred where he became a Master Mason on November 15, 1890 * February 15, 1892- Rizal was awarded the diploma as Master Mason by Le Grand Orient de France in Paris * Science, Virtue and Labor- Rizal’s only Masonic writing; a lecture which he delivered in 1889 at Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid* After Rizal's departure for Spain, things turned from bad to worse in Calamba: (1) harvests of rice and sugarcane foiled on account of drought and locusts (2) the manager of the Dominican-owned hacienda increased the rentals of the lands (3) a dreadful pest killed most of the turkeys. Due to hard times in Calamba, the monthly allowances of Rizal in Madrid were late in arrival and there were times when they never arrived. * June 24, 1884- a touching incident in Rizal’s life in Madrid wherein he was broke and was unable to take breakfast - Rizal attended his class at the university, participated in the contest in Greek language and won the gold medal* Evening of June 25, 1884- a banquet was sponsored by the Filipino community to celebrate the double victory of iaslemai ll eine vel ad callamn grea Arts in Madrid—Luna’s Spoliarium winning the first prize and Hidalgo’ n Virgins Exposed to the Populace (Virgenes Crist Populacho), second prize * November 20, 21, and 22, 1884- the serene city of Madrid exploded in bloody riots by the students of theCentral U eT A*These student demonstrations were caused by the address of Dr. Miguel Morayta, professor of history, at the opening ceremonies of the academic year on November 20, in which he proclaimed “the freedom of science Elites atom st let) as * The Rector, who also took the side of the students, was forced to resign and was replaced by Doctor Creus, “a very unpopular man, disliked by everybody” * November 26, 1884- Rizal wrote the recounting tumultuous riots to his family + June 21, 1884- Rizal completed his medical course in Spain; he was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid* The next academic year (1884-1885), Rizal studied and passed all subjects leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine but he did not present the thesis required for graduation nor paid the corresponding fees, he was not awarded his Doctor’s diplama * June 19, 1885- on his 24th birthday, Rizal was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid with the rating of “Excellent”: (Sobresaliente)* November 26, 1884- a letter to Rizal's family written in Madrid wherein he said “My doctorate is not of very much value to me... because although it is useful to a university professor, yet, | believe they (Dominican friars—Z) will never appoint me as such in the College of Santo Tomas. | say the same thing of philosophy and letters which may serve also for a professorship, but | doubt if the Dominican fathers will grant it to me.”