III-B.

Sc SEMISTER-VI
Cloud Computing

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 Cloud Computing syllabus
Unit 1
Cloud Computing Overview – Origins of Cloud computing – Cloud components - Essential
characteristics – On-demand self-service , Broad network access , Location independent
resource pooling , Rapid elasticity , Measured service
Unit II
Cloud scenarios – Benefits: scalability, simplicity , vendors ,security. Limitations – Sensitive
information - Application development – Security concerns - privacy concern with a third
party - security level of third party - security benefits Regularity issues: Government policies
Unit III
Cloud architecture: Cloud delivery model – SPI framework, SPI evolution, SPI vs.
Traditional IT Model
Software as a Service (SaaS): SaaS service providers – Google App Engine, Salesforce.com
and Google platform – Benefits – Operational benefits - Economic benefits – Evaluating SaaS
Platform as a Service ( PaaS ): PaaS service providers – Right Scale – Salesforce.com –
Rackspace – Force.com – Services and Benefits
Unit IV
Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS): IaaS service providers – Amazon EC2 , GoGrid –
Microsoft soft implementation and support – Amazon EC service level agreement – Recent
developments – Benefits
Cloud deployment model : Public clouds – Private clouds – Community clouds - Hybrid
clouds - Advantages of Cloud computing
Unit V
Virtualization: Virtualization and cloud computing - Need of virtualization – cost ,
administration , fast deployment , reduce infrastructure cost - limitations
Types of hardware virtualization: Full virtualization - partial virtualization - para
virtualization
Desktop virtualization: Software virtualization – Memory virtualization - Storage
virtualization – Data virtualization – Network virtualization
Microsoft Implementation: Microsoft Hyper V – Vmware features and infrastructure –
Virtual Box - Thin client

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 Unit- I ::
Cloud computing overview
1) What is cloud computing? Explain about advantages and disadvantages.
Cloud:-
The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In other words, we can say
that Cloud is something, which is present at remote location. Cloud can provide
services over network.
Cloud Computing:-
Cloud Computing refers to manipulating, configuring, and accessing the
applications online. It offers online data storage, infrastructure and
applications on demand.
Cloud Computing is on demand delivery of IT resources (Hardware,
Software and Applications) through the internet. To understand this concept, let
us consider a simple example. Suppose we want to start an IT company, so as a
part of the infrastructure, we would require various software’s and hardware’s
like servers, hard disks, routers etc. Not all businesses can afford high cost IT
infrastructure. Here Cloud Computing comes into picture.

C- Common
L- location-independent
O- Online
U- Utility that is available on
D- Demand.

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  Cloud computing is the latest development in computing.
 It is an idea where computing resources are available when needed, and you
pay for their use in much the same way as for household utilities.
 On demand delivery of IT resources via the internet with pay-as-you-go
pricing. It provides a solution of IT infrastructure in low cost.
 We need not to install a piece of software on our local PC.
 It overcomes platform dependency issues.

Examples of cloud service Providers:-

 Amazon Web Services (AWS) - Amazon.com provides a variety of different
Cloud computing services
 Google App Engine - A service that provides users the ability to create scalable
web services that use Google's resources.
 Google Calendar - A way to organize your schedule, synchronizes, and share
events with your friends.
 Google Docs - A fantastic free solution from Google that allows you to open
Microsoft Office documents as well as share them with other users with Internet
access.
 Microsoft OneDrive - Formerly known as SkyDrive, OneDrive is an online storage
service for Windows 8 and Windows 10 users to store Windows related files,
Office documents, and other files.
 Oracle public cloud - Oracle cloud service for small and large businesses.

Advantages of Cloud Computing

There are various advantages of cloud computing technology. The important

advantages of cloud computing are given below.

1) Lower cost computer for users:-

In cloud, you don't require a high-powered (and accordingly high-priced)

computer to run cloud computing web based applications because applications
run on cloud not on desktop PC or laptop.
 2) Lower IT infrastructure cost:-

By using cloud computing, you need not to invest in larger numbers of more
powerful servers, you also need not to require the IT staff for handling such
powerful servers.

3) Low maintenance cost:-

The maintenance cost in cloud computing greatly reduces both hardware and
software maintenance for organizations of all sizes.

4) Low Software Cost:-

It reduces the software cost because you don't need to purchase separate
software packages for each computer in the organization.

5) Instant software updates:-

Another software-related advantage in cloud computing is that users don't

need to face with the choice between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.
If the app is web-based, updates happen automatically and are available next
time when the user logs in to the cloud.

6) Increased computing Power:-

The execution capacity of cloud servers are very high. It processes the
application very fast.

7) Unlimited storage capacity:-

Cloud offers you a huge amount of storage capacity like 2000 GB or more than
that if required.

Cloud computing disadvantages

 Every technology has positive and negatives aspects that are highly
important to discuss before implementing it.

1) Require a constant Internet Connection (weak links):-

Cloud computing is impossible without Internet connection. To access any

applications and documents you need a constant Internet connection.

2) Requires High Speed Internet connection:-

Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection makes cloud computing painful at

best and often impossible. Web based apps often require a lot of bandwidth to
download, as need to download large documents.

3) Stored Data Might Not Be Secure:-

With cloud computing, all your data is stored in the cloud. That's all well and
good, but how secure is the cloud? Can't unauthorized users gain access to your
confidential data?
2) What is cloud computing? Explain the components of cloud.
Cloud:-
The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In other words, we can say
that Cloud is something, which is present at remote location. Cloud can provide
services over network.
CLOUD COMPUTING:-
Cloud Computing is on demand delivery of IT resources (Hardware,
Software and Applications) through the internet. To understand this concept, let
us consider a simple example. Suppose we want to start an IT company, so as a
part of the infrastructure, we would require various software’s and hardware’s
like servers, hard disks, routers etc. Not all businesses can afford high cost IT
infrastructure. Here Cloud Computing comes into picture.

A cloud computing infrastructure contains number of elements. They are,

 Clients
 Data centre.
 Distributed servers
  Components for a cloud computing solution

Clients:-

Clients are, in a cloud computing architecture, the exact same things that they are
in a plain, old, everyday local area network (LAN). They are, typically, the
computers that just sit on your desk. But they might also be laptops, tablet
computers, mobile phones, or PDAs. Anyway, clients are the devices that the end
users interact with to manage their information on the cloud. Clients generally fall
into three categories:
• Mobile
Mobile devices include PDAs or Smartphone’s, like a Blackberry, Windows
Mobile, Smartphone, or an iPhone.
• Thin
Clients are computers that do not have internal hard drives, but rather let
the servers does all the work, but then display the information.
• Thick
This type of client is a regular computer, using a web browser like Firefox
or Internet Explorer to connect to the cloud.
Thin clients are becoming an increasingly popular solution, because of
their price and effect on the environment.
Some benefits to using thin clients include
• Lower hardware costs
Thin clients are cheaper than thick clients because they do not contain as
much hardware. They also last longer before they need to be upgraded or
become obsolete.
• Lower IT costs
Thin clients are managed at the server and there are fewer points
of failure.
• Data security
Since data is stored on the server, there’s less chance for data to be
lost if the client computer crashes or is stolen.
• Less power consumption
Thin clients consume less power than thick clients. This means you’ll pay
less to power them, and you’ll also pay less to air-condition the office.
• Ease of repair or replacement
If a thin client dies, it’s easy to replace. The box is simply swapped out and
the user’s desktop returns exactly as it was before the failure.
Data centre
A data centre is a group of servers which host the applications required
by an organisation. A growing trend is virtualised servers which is the
creation of multiple servers on one scalable machine through a program
called the hypervisor.
 Distributed Servers
There are cases were servers are not housed at the same location.
Through a cloud computing setup these distributed servers are visible to
the end user as one. For example Amazon has multiple data centres
around the world for disaster recovery.

3) What is cloud computing? Explain about essential characteristics of cloud

computing.

Cloud:-
The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In other words, we can say
that Cloud is something, which is present at remote location. Cloud can provide
services over network.

Cloud Computing:-
Cloud Computing refers to manipulating, configuring, and accessing the
applications online. It offers online data storage, infrastructure and
applications on demand.

Cloud Computing is on demand delivery of IT resources (Hardware,

Software and Applications) through the internet. To understand this concept, let
us consider a simple example. Suppose we want to start an IT company, so as a
part of the infrastructure, we would require various software’s and hardware’s
like servers, hard disks, routers etc. Not all businesses can afford high cost IT
infrastructure. Here Cloud Computing comes into picture.
 Essential Characters of cloud computing:-
According to the National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST),
cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access
to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provided and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction. Being a cloud computing
provider doesn’t mean just relating IT resources, it means providing strategic,
core information technology.

This cloud computing model is composed of five essential characteristics:

1) On-demand self-service.
2) Broad network access.
3) Resource pooling.
 4) Rapid elasticity.
5) Measured Service.

On-demand Self-Service –

Where a customer can required computing capabilities such as user

access, server time and network storage as needed automatically without
requiring human interaction with individual service providers.

Broad Network Access –

Where capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client
platforms such as mobile phones, desktops, laptops and PDAs.
Resource Pooling –

Where the provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple

customers in a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources
dynami
cally assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is a sense of
location independence in that the customer generally has no control or
knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to
specify location at a higher level of abstraction such as a country, state, or data
centre. Examples of these pooled resources include storage, processing,
memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines.
Rapid Elasticity –

Where capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned in some cases

automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To
the customer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be
unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
Measured Service –

Where Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by

leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the
type of service, such as storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user
accounts. Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing
transparency for both the provider and customer of the utilized service.

4) Explain about history(origins) of cloud computing

History of Cloud Computing

The concept of Cloud computing first introduced in 1960 with

implementation of mainframe computers, accessible via thin/static clients.
Since then, cloud computing has been evolved from static clients to dynamic
ones from software to services. The following diagram explains the evolution of
cloud computing:
 Before emerging the cloud computing, there was Client/Server computing
which is basically a centralized storage in which all the software applications, all the
data and all the controls are resided on the server side.
If a single user wants to access specific data or run a program, he/she need to
connect to the server and then gain appropriate access, and then he/she can do
his/her business.
Then after, distributed computing came into picture, where all the computers
are networked together and share their resources when needed.
On the basis of above computing, there was emerged of cloud computing
concepts that later implemented.
At around in 1961, John MacCharty suggested in a speech at MIT(The
Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private research university in Cambridge,
USA) that computing can be sold like a utility, just like a water or electricity. It was a
brilliant idea, but like all brilliant ideas, it was ahead if its time, as for the next few
decades, although interest in the model, the technology simply was not ready for it.
But of course time has passed and the technology caught that idea and after
few years we mentioned that:
In 1997, cloud computing was defined by Ramnath Chellappa.
In 1999, Salesforce.com started delivering of applications to users using a
simple website. The applications were delivered to enterprises over the Internet,
and this way the dream of computing sold as utility were true.
In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services, providing services like storage,
computation and even human intelligence. However, only starting with the launch
of the Elastic Compute Cloud in 2006 a truly commercial service open to everybody
existed.
In 2009, Google Apps also started to provide cloud computing enterprise
applications.
 Of course, all the big players are present in the cloud computing evolution,
some were earlier, some were later. In 2009, Microsoft launched Windows Azure,
and companies like Oracle and HP have all joined the game. This proves that today,
cloud computing has become mainstream.
Client/Server Computing:
Centralized Applications and Storage
In the earlier days of computing (pre-1980 or so), everything operated on the
client/server model. All the software applications, all the data, and all the control
resided on huge mainframe computers, otherwise known as servers. If a user
wanted to access specific data or run a program, he had to connect to the
mainframe, gain appropriate access, and then do his business while essentially
“renting” the program or data from the server.

Peer-to-Peer Computing: Sharing Resources

As you can imagine, accessing a client/server system was kind of a “hurry up
and wait” experience. The server part of the system also created a huge bottleneck.
All communications between computers had to go through the server first, however
inefficient that might be.
The obvious need to connect one computer to another without first hitting
the server led to the development of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing. P2P computing
defines a network architecture in which each computer has equivalent capabilities
and responsibilities. This is in contrast to the traditional client/server network
architecture, in which one or more computers are dedicated to serving the others.
P2P was an equalizing concept. In the P2P environment, every computer is a
client and a server; there are no masters and slaves. By recognizing all computers on
the network as peers, P2P enables direct exchange of resources and services. There
is no need for a central server, because any computer can function in that capacity
when called on to do so.
P2P was also a decentralizing concept. Control is decentralized, with all
computers functioning as equals. Content is also dispersed among the various peer
computers. No centralized server is assigned to host the available resources and
services.
Distributed Computing: Providing More Computing Power
One of the most important subsets of the P2P model is that of distributed
computing, where idle PCs across a network or across the Internet are tapped to
provide computing power for large, processor-intensive projects. It’s a simple
concept, all about cycle sharing between multiple computers.
A personal computer, running full-out 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, is
capable of tremendous computing power. Most people don’t use their
computers24/7, however, so a good portion of a computer’s resources go unused.
Distributed computing uses those resource
Collaborative Computing: Working as a Group
To collaborate on any project, users must first be able to talk to one another.
In today’s environment, this means instant messaging for text-based
communication, with optional audio/telephony and video capabilities for voice and
picture communication. Most collaboration systems offer the complete range of
audio/video options, for full-featured multiple-user video conferencing.
In addition, users must be able to share files and have multiple users work
on the same document simultaneously. Real-time white boarding is also common,
especially in corporate and education environments.
Cloud Computing: The Next Step in Collaboration
Today, people are using cloud services and storage to create, share, find,
and organize information of all different types. Tomorrow, this functionality will be
available not only to computer users, but to users of any device that connects to the
Internet mobile phones, portable music players, even automobiles and home
television sets.