PRESENT TENSE ( Saat ini - Sekarang )
• VERBAL : kalimat kata kerja (verb)
Positive (+) : S + V1 (s/es) + O
o I drink coffee
o She drinks coffee
Negative (-) : S + do/does + not + V1 + O / bare infinitive
o I don’t drink coffee
o She doesn’t drink coffee
Interrogative (?): Do/does + S + V1 + O / bare infinitive
o Do you drink coffee ?
o Does she drink coffee ?
• NOMINAL : kalimat selain kata kerja (benda, sifat, dll)
(+) : S + am / is / are + O
o The children are naughty
o She is polite
(-) : S + am / is / are + not + O
o The children aren’t naughty
o She isn’t polite
(?) : Am / is / are + S + O
o Are the children naughty?
o Is she polite?
Note:
S/ES : hanya digunakan dalam kalimat “ positive” dan pada subject 3rd singular person (he, she, it)
ES : hanya digunakan pada kata kerja yang berakhiran “ SS, O, X, CH, SH, ZZ ”
- pada verb akhiran “ Y ” dan huruf sebelum “ Y ” adalah huruf mati maka Y diganti dengan “ I ”
e.g : study – studies
Bare infinitive : base form dari struktur kalimat ( V+O)
Past Tense ( Lampau - Dahulu )
• VERBAL : kalimat kata kerja (verb)
(+) : S + V2 + O
o She sold clothes yesterday
(-) : S + did + not + V1 + O / bare infinitive
o She didn’t sell clothes yesterday
(?) : Did + S + V1 + O / bare infinitive
o Did she sell clothes yesterday?
• NOMINAL : kalimat selain kata kerja (benda, sifat, dll)
(+) : S + was/were + O
o She was busy yesterday
(-) : S + was/were + not + O
o she was not busy yesterday
(?) : was/were + S + O
o Was she busy yesterday ?
Note:
- Setelah Did selalu di ikuti Verb 1
Subject
Verbal: nominal:
He I I You
She did/didn’t You He was They were
It They She We
We It
Present Continous ( Sekarang – Sedang melakukan )
• VERBAL : kalimat kata kerja (verb)
(+) : S + am / is / are + V ing + O
o She is rolling a carpet
(-) : S + am / is / are + not + V ing + O
o We aren’t studying math
(?) : Am / is / are + S + V ing + O
o Is she rolling a carpet ?
• NOMINAL : kalimat selain kata kerja (benda, sifat, dll)
(+) : S + am / is / are + being + O
o You are being kind
(-) : S + am / is / are + not + being + O
o She is not being lazy
(?) : Am / is / are + S + being + O
o Is she being lazy ?
Note:
o Kalimat yang menjelaskan bahwa sedang melakukan sesuatu
o Being : kata sifat ( menjadi / adanya )
o Gerund : kata kerja verbing yang berfungsi menjadi subject, object, complement dalam
sebuah kalimat
Past Continous ( lampau – Sedang melakukan )
• VERBAL : kalimat kata kerja (verb)
(+) : S + was/were + V ing + O
o She was rolling a carpet
(-) : S + was/were + not + V ing + O
o We were not studying math yesterday
(?) : Was/were + S + V ing + O
o Was she rolling a carpet ?
• NOMINAL : kalimat selain kata kerja (benda, sifat, dll)
(+) : S + was/were + adjective / being + O
o You were being kind last night
(-) : S + was/were + not + adjective / being + O
o she was not being lazy
(?) : Was/were + S + adjective / being + O
o Was she being lazy ?
Note:
- Hal yang sedang dilakukan pada masa lampau / lagi melakukan suatu kegiatan pada masa lampau
Future Tense ( sekarang – akan )
• VERBAL : kalimat kata kerja (verb)
(+) : S + shall/will + V1 + O
o She will invite her tommorow
(-) : S + shall/will + not + V1+ O
o Mr. Geo will not buy car next week, if he doesn’t save his money
(?) : Shall/will + S + V1+ O
o Will your uncle paint this wall ?
• NOMINAL : kalimat selain kata kerja (benda, sifat, dll)
(+) : S + shall/will + be + O / complement (pelengkap)
o I will be there for you
(-) : S + shall/will + not + be + O / complement (pelengkap)
o She will not be late
(?) : Shall/will + S + be + O / complement (pelengkap)
o Was you be mine ?
Note:
- Shall : hanya di pakai pada subject “ i “ dan ” we “
- IF : bermakna “ jika “ pada “present future”
Past Future ( lampau – akan )
• VERBAL : kalimat kata kerja (verb)
(+) : S + should/would + V1 + O
o She would invite her yesterday, if she didn’t forget
(-) : S + should/would + not + V1+ O
o Mr. Geo would not buy a car last week, if he didn’t save money
(?) : Should/would + S + V1+ O
o Would your uncle paint this wall, if he had no time?
• NOMINAL : kalimat selain kata kerja (benda, sifat, dll)
(+) : S + should/would + be + O / complement (pelengkap)
o I would be there for you yesterday, if i loved you
(-) : S + should/would + not + be + O / complement (pelengkap)
o She would not be late yesterday, if she has a car
(?) : Should/would + S + be + O / complement (pelengkap)
o Would you be marry me, if i didn’t hurt you ?
Note:
- If : bermakna “seandainya” pada “past future tense”
Present Perfect ( sekarang – telah/sudah )
• VERBAL : kalimat kata kerja (verb)
(+) : S + have/has + V3 + O
o She has invited her, when you try to remained her yesterday
(-) : S + have/has + not + V3+ O
o Mr. Geo has not bought a car for his family
(?) : Have/has + S + V3+ O
o Have you eaten?
• NOMINAL : kalimat selain kata kerja (benda, sifat, dll)
(+) : S + have/has + been + O
o I have been there for you
(-) : S + have/has + not + been + O
o She has not been late
(?) : Have/has + S + been + O
o Have you been there ?
Note:
Been : identk pada kalimat nominal “perfect tense” yang berarti telah dan sellu berpasangan dengan
Have, has, had
Past Perfect ( lampau – telah/sudah )
• VERBAL : kalimat kata kerja (verb)
(+) : S + had + V3 + O
o You had broken my heart yesterday when you chetated on me
(-) : S + had + not + V3+ O
o He had not eaten his breakfast beacuse his hurry
(?) : Had + S + V3+ O
o Had you eaten this afternoon before you joined class ?
• NOMINAL : kalimat selain kata kerja (benda, sifat, dll)
(+) : S + had + been + O
o I had been lost before i met Jesus
(-) : S + had + not + been + O
o She had not been late anymore
(?) : Had + S + been + O
o Had you been there last nigh?
Note:
- Pada ”past perfect” wajib menggunakan kata keterangan
- Had : pada “past perfect” berarti sesuatu yang telah terjadi dan tidak ada sangkut pautnya lagi
dengan masa sekarang
- Been : identk pada kalimat nominal “perfect tense” yang berarti telah dan sellu berpasangan
dengan Have, has, had
Pasive voice ( di – ter )
Def : Suatu kalimat dimana Subject tidak melakukan aksi tapi menerima aksi
Present tense Past tense
(+) S + am/is/are + V3 + by + O (+) S + was/were + V3 + by + O
• I am loved by you I was loved by you
(-) S + am/is/are + not + V3 + by + O (-) S + was/were + not + V3 + by + O
• I am not loved by you I was not loved by you
(?) Am/is/are + S + V3 + by + O (?) Was/were + S + V3 + by + O
• Am i loved by you ? Was i loved by you ?
Future tense Past Future
(+) S + shall/will + be + V3 + by + O (+) S + should/would + be + V3 + by + O
• I will be loved by you I would be loved by you
(-) S + shall/will + not + be + V3 + by + O (-) S + should/would + not + be + V3 + by + O
• I will not be loved by you I would not be loved by you
(?) Shall/will + S + be + V3 + by + O (?) Should/would + S + be + V3 + by + O
• will i be loved by you ? Would i be loved by you ?
Perfect tense Past Perfect
(+) S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O (+) S + had + been + V3 + by + O
• I have been loved by you I had been loved by you
(-) S + have/has + not + been + V3 + by + O (-) S + had + not + been + V3 + by + O
• I have not been loved by you I had not been loved by you
(?) have/has + S + been + V3 + by + O (?) had + S + been + V3 + by + O
• Have you been loved by him ? Had you been loved by him ?
