Internship Report

Arain Agriculture Farm Dhanot, Lodhran

At

MNS– University of Agriculture, Multan

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 Name Department Registration No. Contact No.

Muhammad Bilal Agronomy 2017-UAM-122 03029540892

Muhammad Faheem Agronomy 2017-UAM-209 03460017127

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We indebted to ALMIGHTY ALLAH, the benevolent and sovereign whose blessings

flourished our thoughts and thrived our ambitions, giving us talented teachers,
affectionate parents, sweet brothers and unique friends. Wet eyes praise for HOLY
PROPHET MUHAMMAD (P.B.U.H.) for enlightening our conscience with the essence
of faith in ALLAH, converging all His kindness and mercy upon him.

The internship opportunity I had with Arain Agri. Farm was a great chance for
learning and professional development. The work presented in this report was
accomplished under the sympathetic attitude, fatherly behavior, animate directions,
observant pursuit, scholarly criticism, cheering perspective and enlightened supervision
of Mr. Kashif Islam (Managing director).I deem it utmost pleasure to avail the
opportunity to express the heartiest gratitude and deep sense of devotion. With humble,
profound and deep sense of devotion I wish to record my sincere appreciation to

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 Chaudhary Haji M. Islam (CEO) and Chaudhary M. Kashif Islam (Managing
Director) for their dynamic supervision, sincere help and inspiring guidance throughout
the period of this Internship. They taught us the values of life and ethics. Both of them
helped us a lot in completing my chore. They honed our observation skills, enhanced
our problem solving abilities and beautified our aesthetics.

We perceive this opportunity as a big milestone in our career development. We shall

strive to use gained skills and knowledge in best possible way. Hope to continue
cooperation in future as well.

May ALLAH bless all these people with long, happy and peaceful lives (Ameen)!

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 CERTIFICATE

It is certified that Muhammad Faheem (2017-UAM-217), B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture,

Department of Horticulture.

Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, has completed his internship
work (15 March to 15 July 2021) successfully at Arain Agriculture Farm Dhanot, Lodhran
During internship his conduct was good, and he remained punctual.

Internship supervisors

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------

Ch. Haji M. Islam Mr. M. Kashif Islam

(Chief Executive Officer) (Managing Director)

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 Introduction

Arain Agriculture Farm is located 09 km away from Lodhran city at the place of Dhanot. It is
almost 80 km away from Multan.

Chief Executive Officer

Chaudhary M. Islam is the owner of Arain Agriculture Farm. He has done FA

from Sadiq Egerton College Bahawalpur. In 1974 he completed his FA and start running
his Farm. At the start the farm was conventional but due to the continuous hardworking,
determination and his passion of Agriculture made this farm Progress day and night. Ch.
Islam went to distant places for learning new technologies. Apart from agriculture he is
the hope poor people. He is always available to the poor people of this area for their help.

Ch. Muhammad Islam Shab.

(CEO Arain Agri Farm)

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Managing Director
Chaudhary M. Kashif Islam is the managing director at AAF. He has done masters in
economics from GC University Lahore. Now he is running his farm successfully. He is
very interested in agriculture and now he is including new technologies in his farm. It
would not be wrong in saying that due to both of them this farm has become one of the
most progressive farms in Pakistan. He is extraordinarily busy in managing his farm but
even then he gave us full time and encouraged us on every occasion. He also spreads his
practical knowledge to the other farmers of this area so people from distant areas comes
to him to ask for the solutions of their problem. . Grapes in Lodhran hears very strange,
but the determination and passion of this man made this real.

Ch. Muhammad Kashif Islam

(Managing Director)

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 Abstract
We join AAF at 15-03-2021 and our duration of internship was (15-03-2021 to 15-07-2021).
It was golden time to learn a lot about modern and innovative techniques in agriculture, we
got training as a farm manager. We experienced different crops cultivation in controlled
condition. We learn about management (pest scouting, irrigation, labor supervision etc.) of
different crops including cucumber, maize, rice, strawberry, grapes and cotton. Our
supervisor Mr. Kashif Islam train us about all management practices of different crops
especially grapes including its disbudding, GA3 application, off-shooting, de-leafing, bunch
thinning, weeding etc. We learn a lot about growing of cucumber in walk-in tunnel.
In vegetable section we got experience about sowing of crops, identifying their insect pests,
diseases and environmental stresses and their control.

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 Sections at AAF
 Fruit section
 Vegetable section
 Agronomic crops
 Animal farm
 Control shed
 Nursery Establishment

Fruit Section

Grapes
Botanical Name: Vitisvinifera
Family: Vitaceae
Introduction:
At AAF 3 acres of grapes are planted. There are 600 plants in one acre. Pillars are used to
give the plants support. Two very strong pillars are at the both ends of the line which are
known as base pillars. These base pillars are inclined so that they can easily support the
whole line. Two metal wires are tied on these pillar on which plant is adjusted and its canes
are climbed on these wires at fruiting time.

Plant to plant distance 5-6 Ft

Row to row distance 8-10 Ft

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 Fig. 1 ; Fruit

Fig. 2 ; ( Plant at Blooming )

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 o Varieties:

Following varieties of grapes are at AAF which are imported from Spain, Italy, and U.S.A.
etc. Sultanina-C is cultivated at major area.

 Sultanina-C
 Vitro Black
 ATIK
 King Rubi
 Princess Seedless
 Early Gold
 PSL

Fig 3 ; Atikk (variety) Fig 4 ; Sultanina_C (variety)

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 Fig 5 ; Gola (variety)

Management Practices:

Thinning of buds:

If two buds arise from the same point then one of them is removed. It is done because
crowding reduces the fruit quality as well as size. So to enhance the quality and size this is
done when the plant is sprouting new buds.

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 Fig 6; Removal of double sprouting

Off-shooting:

This practice is done to reduce the cane burden and also to restrict the further vegetative growth. Benefit of
this work is to give maximum nutrients to the main cane having fruit. Two to three time this practice is
done.

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 Fig 7; Off-Shoot Removal

Irrigation and Fertilizer :

In grapes irrigation is practiced through drip and also by flooding. Mostly fertilizers are applied through
drip irrigation. While in high temperature conditions orchard is irrigated by flooding. Somehow through
fertigation.

Gibberellic acid application on Grapes Bunches

At AAF single tablet of GA3 = 5g (20% GA3 or 1g GA3)

Precautions:

1. Below mentioned doses are only for Sultanina-C and its application vary from
variety to variety.
2. First of all conduct trails and apply on some bunches
3. Application should be on bunches and avoid from leaves.
4. Always start application of GA3 from low dose (can start from 10ppm) and after
obtaining positive results you can increase the dose up to 30ppm for further
applications
5. Application should be done early in the morning or evening when temperature is
less than 35oC
6. Before starting the application keep in the mind the weather update, because if rain
happened after its application this will be wasteful.
7. After application of GA3 irrigate the field after 2 to 3 days

Preparation of Stock solution of GA3:

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Method:

 Dissolved one tablet in 1L of distilled water.

 The stock solution will be equal to 1000ml/1000ppm. (1ppm=1ml)
 Store this solution at 5o C
 We can store this solution for 12-15 days.

Time of application:

1st application done nearly at the blooming stage of grapes bunches.

 Take 10 ml of GA3 stock solution and dissolve it in 1L water to prepare 10 ppm.

 Basic purpose of this application is thinning of fruit and elongation of bunch.

2nd application when berry size is just like millet seed.

 Take 20ml of GA3 stock solution and dissolve it in 1L water to prepare 20ppm.
 Basic purpose of this application is elongation of berry size.

Fig 8; 20 ppm/L stage

Method of application:

1) GA3 solution should be applied by showers only on bunches.

2) We can also apply GA3 by dipping bunches into solution .

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 Fig 9; GA3 by Showers

Pesticide Application :

 Tri-Base Blue (Tribasic copper sulphate) 50cc/20litr

 NexcessSL (Imedacloprid ) 20cc/20litr
 Dutyful (Tricholorfan) 25g/20litr

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 Fig 10; Pesticide spray

Herbicide application;

 Next Time ( Para Quat ) 200g/lit

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Harvesting of grapes :
 Grapes should be harvested when reaches at ripening stage.
 Harvest when attain fully size berry.
 Should be harvested by different equipments like sketcher.
 Manually harvested

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 Fig 11;

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 Fig 12; Harvesting

Strawberry
Botanical Name:Fragariaananass
Family: Rocaceae

Introduction:

At AAF 2 acre of strawberry cultivated. Runners can only produce in cold areas. AAF
brought runners from Upper Dir. About 50000 plants are planted per acre. Price of one runner
is 2 rupee.

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 Fig 13; Variety is Shandler

Intercropping:

Sowing of two crops at the same time in the same field is called intercropping. This increase
the productivity of the lands as well as profit. The fertilizers are used efficiently and weeds
are controlled as the bare land is covered with other crops. At AAF onion is grown in both
sides of the strawberry beds.

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 Fig 14; Onion and Strawberry

Irrigation:

Through drip. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system is used in AAF.

Fertilizers:
Fertilizer is applied through drip. The advantage is that the efficiency of the fertilizers is
increases almost 85%.

The fertilizers applied are completely soluble in water. Different types of fertilizers are
applied in strawberry according to plant requirements. Such as:
i. N:P (17:44)

ii. N:P:K (12:61:0)

iii. SOP

iv. UREA (46:0:0)

Insects Pests:
Strawberry is infested by sucking, chewing and also by fungal diseases. Main insect which
may cause severe damage is red mite. Main insects of strawberry are Army worm, American
worm, Thrips, Jassid and minor attack of white fly.

American boll worm:

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It is a chewing insect and attack on the newly emerging succulent leaves of the plant. Also
attack on fruit and damage it.

Mites:

Main damaging insect of strawberry. It is slow moving and can see back side of older leaves.

Fig 15; Attack of Mites

White Fly:

It is a sucking insect and suck sap from leaves. Its eggs are also equal damaging. It can be
seen by shaking leaves by hand.

Fig 16; White Fly

Poor Pollination:
This result in distorted fruit shape and is more common in early crop. It can be caused by wet
condition or frost, low bee activity and lack of flower movement.

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 Fig 17; Poor Pollination

Management:

 Install frost cover

 Place beehives near crop

 Increase air movement around flowering plants

Strawberry Picking & Packing:

 Strawberries are picked by labor.

 Harvesting is done on alternate days

 Bunches are made by tying 7-8 strawberries together with a string.

 Barseem is use in the basket to protect from physical injury.

 Bunches are placed in a plastic basket. Basket is of 10 kg.

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 Fig 18 ; Strawberry Packing

Yield:

300-400 Mounds/acre

Pomegranate Mapping

 Yield mapping refers to the process of collecting georeferenced data on crop

yield and Characteristics.
 Plants in row # 1 = 10
 Plants in row # 2 = 13
 Plants in row # 3 = 13
 Plants in row # 4 = 14
 Plants in row # 5 = 10
 Total Rows = 5
 Total Plants = 60
 Plants ( P )
 Fruits ( F )

Layout Of Fruits Per Plants

Sr. # (R#1)-F (R#2)-F (R#3)-F (R#4)-F (R#6)-F

1 P1 – 7 P1 – 20 P1 -13 P1 – 10 P1 -06
2 P2 - 17 P2 -03 P2 -10 P2 -15 P2 -03
3 P3 - 14 P3 -19 P3 -14 P3 -41 P3 -0
4 P4 – 9 P4 -09 P4 -13 P4 -31 P4 -0
5 P5 - 22 P5 -10 P5 -08 P5 -33 P5 -0
6 P6 - 13 P6 -21 P6 -04 P6 -30 P6 -06
7 P7 – 8 P7 -02 P7 -0 P7 -14 P7 -10

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 8 P8 – 35 P8 -01 P8 -05 P8 -31 P8 -17
9 P9 – 11 P9 -13 P9 -08 P9 -07 P9 -09
10 P10 – 21 P10 -26 P10 -27 P10 -08 P10 -05
11 - P11 -0 P11 -03 P11 -26 -
12 - P12 -04 P12 -0 P12 -19 -
13 - P13 -15 P13 -0 P13 -10 -
14 - - - P14 – 13 -

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 Vegetables Section

Cucumber Tunnel Farming

Scientific Name: Cucumissativus
Family: Cucrbitaceae

Introduction:

Growing out off-season crops in a controlled atmosphere inside the polythene, anti insect net,
spun bonded is called tunnel farming. Tunnel farming is a modern technique which has
changed the life of many farmers. In tunnel farming we can grow off season crops and can
get high incomes.

Fig 19;Walk in Tunnel

Land preparation:

After 2 ploughings are done then lazer land leveler is used. After that beds are prepared with
the help of ridger

After the land preparation we should apply the following fertilizers.

 Potassium humate (1/2 bag)

 Mag power (1 bag) applied/acre.
 MOP (1 bag) and

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 Fig 20; mixing of fertilizers
Soil Solarization
It is a process involves covering the beds with a tarp , usually a transparent polyethylene
cover, to trap solar energy i.e ( UV Lights and IR ) to increase the temperature of soil.
Uses:
It is used to manage or control pests such as bacteria, insects, and weeds in the soil and to
conserve moisture contents

Precautions:

 We should kept in mind the following points before starting the tunnel farming.

 Before to start off-season vegetable cultivation in tunnels, the investor must have
practical knowledge about farming.

 Self-pollinated plants should be grown.

 Recommended seed should be used.

 Farmer must have market information to earn high profits.

 Soil and water quality of the farming site should be tested before start.

Sowing time & yield per Acre:

In one year Different times of the sowing of cucumber.
 March- September in (Anti insect net) 800-1100 mounds/acre.

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  July end – Aug start (Anti insect net) 1000-1400 mounds/acre.
 September- October ( Non-woven spun bonded fabric) 700-1200 mounds/acre.
 Nov to December in polythene sheets (Polysegment) 1500-2200 mounds/acre.

Fig 21; Anti Insect Net

The ideal time for sowing of cucumber is 10-25 september. Tisssue (15-17) gsm(gram per
square meter) is ideal for the agriculture.it is the very thin and air can easily pass through it.
This is very good for the insect control.
Mr. Kashif Islam told us that the use of urea is very toxic. It can never be apply in the tunnel
because it release the ammonia gas which can’t go out from the polythene sheet and burn the
plants.
Ideal ratio for applying fertilizer N P K (14:7:21) is applied at the time of proper flowering
stage.
Extreme hot & dry season promote the powdery mildew disease and dew factor or moisture
promote the downy mildew.
Installing of Tunnels:

Cucumber is sown in walk-in tunnel and Net house. The use of Polythene sheet ,anti insect
net and non-woven Spun bonded fabric, depends upon the weather conditions and time of the
year. In AAF cucumber is sown in walkin and net houses.

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 Fig 22; Tunnel Installing

 In net house the cucumber is sowing in following ways

 Variety (Yayla, 8047, tendoz, , 5277) is sowing in the high shed.
 After sowing the seed the germination starts within the 4-5 days.
 One shed contains the 8 lines. In one line 175 plants are planted.
 The P-P distance is 1ft is maintained
 One seed packet contain 1000 seeds.

Seed rate:

15000-16000 seeds per \acre.

Types of tunnel:
There are three types of tunnel structures.
 Low tunnel

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  Walk-in tunnel
 High Tunnel
1. Low Tunnel:

Low tunnels are less expensive as compared to the High tunnels but crop yield is low.
Soil preparation, spraying and picking is difficult in this type of tunnel. Melon,
Watermelon etc. can be grown in this type of tunnels.

Fig 23; Low Tunnel

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 2. Walk-in Tunnel:
The tunnel is suitable for growing tomato, cucumber, bitter gourd and Chilly etc. These
are lower in height as compared to High tunnels. These provides high yield.

Fig 24; Walk in Tunnel

3. High tunnel:
In AAF cucumber and cotton are grown in high tunnel. At AAF 13 acres of high tunnel
is constructed in which cucumber and cotton was cultivated. Approximately 31 lac/ acre
is the expense of Net house. Working in this tunnel is very easy. Furthermore in winds
walk-in tunnel and low tunnels can be damaged but high tunnel faces no problem.

Fig 25; High Tunnel

It is a permanent structure and is expensive then walk-in and low tunnels. Its height is about
12 ft. and machinery can move in this tunnel. Pipes are inserted in a hole filled with concrete.

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Objectives of Tunnel Farming:

 To get 3-5 times more production as compared to that taken in an open field.

 To save the input resources like water, fertilizer and Time & space.

 To manage the crops in controlled and comparatively easy conditions.

 To grow the crops in shorter time periods/growing seasons.

 To minimize the environmental Hazards.

 To increase the life span and production ability of the plants.

 To get production as per market demand.

 To get maximum output per unit area.

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Insect’s Pest of Cucumber:

Fig 26; American bollworm Fig 27; Red mites

Fig 28; White Fly Fig 29;Thrips

Fig 30; Leaf Minor

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Diseases:
Downy and blight are common diseases of cucumber.

Fig 31;Downy attack

Fig 32; Blight

Grading & Packing:

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After picking grading is done. Then 40 kg bags are weighed on a weighing balance.
Deformed and small cucumbers are packed separately and good quality cucumbers are
packed in bags then they are transported to the market.

Fig 33; Grading

Fig 34; Packing

Artificial Pollination in anti insect net

Artificial pollination occurs when humans intervene with the natural pollination process.  It
is a mechanical technique used to pollinate plants. They carry pollen, or plant sperm, from
one flower to another, allowing the pollen to fertilize the ovaries and create seeds that will
7develop into fruits and new plants. Artificial pollination is becoming more popular as the
bee population decreases. 

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 Fig 35; pollination

Agronomic crops

1- Wheat
2- Maize
3- Rice
4- Cotton

Wheat

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 Botanical Name : Solanumindicum

Family Solanaceae

Fig 36; Wheat

Variety:

FD-2008, Akbar-19.

Area:

09 Acre

Sowing Time:

November - December

Fertilizer & Irrigation:

Sr.n Date Fertilizer Type Dose/acre

o
1 29-12-20 Urea (46%) 25 kg
2 21-02-19 Urea (46%) +SOP 25kg++25kg+1kg

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 (45%,50%)
_+Tracemix
3 12-03-19 ---------------- -------------------

Harvesting Time:
April-May
Harvesting Method
Manual
Yield:

45 - 55 mound/acre

Maize

Botanical Name:Zeamaize

Family:Poaceae

Introduction:

AAF growing these varieties.

 Variety 6103 ( Dekalb ) for silage purpose.

Land preparation;

Chisel plough, 1 cultivator, 1 rotavator, 1 cultivator, Laser land leveler, 3 cultivator, Ridger.

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 Fig 37; Land Preparation
Sowing Time:
13 March 2021

Seed Rate:

08-10 kg/acre

Method of sowing:

Chopa method is used for maize sowing at AAF.

Row to Row distance = 21-22 inch

Plant to Plants distance = 7-8 inch

Germination:
90 % germination of maize.

Fig 38; 90 % Germination

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Pesticides Application:

Sr. Product Application Target Dose/acre

no. Date
1 Prim extra gold 14-3-21 Pre-emergence 130 ml/20L water
(Asmetachor herbicide
35.4%+Atrazine
28.3 % )

2 Amamectin 26-3-21 American+Shoot 40cc/20L water

fly

3 Bifenthrin Aphid,Mites 40cc/20L water

(Bifenthrin 26-3-21
10.64% )
4 Ferterra 4-4-21 Borers 4Kg
(Rynaxypyr)

Fig 38; Maize field

Irrigation and Fertilizer Application;

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 Sr. No. of Irrigation Date Fertilizer/acre Type of
no. Fertilizer
1 1st 18-03-21 ------ -----
2 2nd 28-03-21 1 Bag Urea
3 3rd 12-04-21 ------ ------

5 4th 22-04-21 1bag+5Kg Urea+PH

Silage;

Fig 39; Silage prepration

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 Fig 40; storing silage

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 Rice

Botanical Name: Oryza sativa

Family: Grasses

Introduction:0

AAF growing these varieties.

 Variety Guard LP2 (super hybrid rice).

Land preparation;.

1 cultivator, 1 rotavator, 1 cultivator, Laser land leveler, 1 cultivator

Sowing Time:
21 March 2021 (nursery growing)
15 April 2021 (nursery transplantation)

Fig 41; seed broadcasting for nursery

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Seed Rate:

06-08 kg/acre

Method of sowing:

Chopa method is used for rice transplanting by labour at AAF.

Plant to Plants distance = 4-6 inch

Germination:
90 % germination of rice.

Fig 42; germination

Irrigation and Fertilizer Application;

Sr. No. of Irrigation Date Fertilizer/acre Type of

no. Fertilizer
1 1st 03-04-21 250+3+2.5 Zn,CN,17:44
2 2nd 08-04-21 1 Bag Urea
3 3rd 07-05-21 1bag+1kg Zaberdast
urea:Zn
4 4th 20-05-21 1bag+1kg Zaberdast
urea:Zn

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 Fig 43; fertilizer mix in water for applying

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 Cotton Tunnel Farming
Botanical Name : Gossypium

Family Malvaceae\

Introduction:
In AAF cotton are grown in high tunnel. At AAF 5.5 acres of high tunnel is
constructed in which cotton was cultivated. American varieties are import from Uzbekistan at
AAF. This is the project of Faitma fertilizers(SANIFA).

Land preparation:

After 2 ploughings are done then lazer land leveler is used. After that beds are prepared with
the help of ridger.

Fig 44; land prepration

Variety:

 NIAB – 878

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  Sulton
 Namangan 77
 Andijon 35
 Bukhoro 102
 C 6524

Fig 45; sulton (variety) Fig 46; bukhoro 102 (variety)

Fig 47; andijon 35(variety) Fig 48; namangan 77 (variety)

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Sowing Time:
28 May 2021

Method of sowing:

Chopa method is used for cotton sowing in high tunnel at AAF.

Row to Row distance = 21-22 inch

Plant to Plants distance = 9 inch

Fig 49A; sowing of cotton seeds

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 Fig 49b; sowing of cotton seeds

Fig 50; Guest from Uzbekistan ( Prof. Dr, Shamsidinov)

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Irrigation application:
Irriagtion is done through drip irrigation system in high tunnel cotton farming at AAF.

Fig 51; irrigate the cotton beds

Germination:
95% germination in all varieties except NIAB 878(70 -75%) .

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 Fig 52; Germination

Cultural practices:

1. Trap cards:
Trap cards are used for pollination and better growth.

Fig 53; trap card

2. Thining:
Removal of extra plants to get maximum growth are called thining.

Fig 54; thinning

3. Weeding:

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 Removal of unwanted plants that suppress the growth of desired plant is called
weeding.

4. Growth After one month

5. Diseases at initial stages:
 Red Mite
 Leaf Minor
 White Fly
 Mealy Bug ( Only in Niab 878)

Red Mite White Fly

Leaf Miner Mealy Bug

Fig 55 ; Disease Samples

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 Animal farm
 Classes Of Animals
1- Buffalo
2- Cows
3- Bulls

Measurement of live weight of animal

CEO of Arain Agri. Farm tells us how to calculate the live weight of an animal. He also told
us fresh meat is half of the live weight.

Live weight can be calculated by the formula given below:

Chest ×Chest × Length

Live Weight =
660

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 Fig 56; calculate live weight

Pesticides and Fertilizers used at AAF

*= Effective, ** =very effective, *** =Excellent

Fungicides:

Sr.N Produ Active Pests/Diseases Dose / Compan

o. ct Ingredient % 20LWate y
r
1 Aveto Fluoxastrobin 40.3 Early & Late blight** 25-30 Arysta

3 Antracal Propinab 70 Downy mildew* 150-180 Bayer

4 Cabrio Pyraclostribin 5+ Early & Late blight** 50-60 FMC

Top Metiran 55

5 Curzate Cymoxinal 8 + Downy, Early & late 110-120 Arysta

mancozeb 64 blight**

7 Kasumin Kasugamycine 2 Bacterial***,Blight 100-120 Arysta

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 9 Nanok Azoxystrobin 12+ Powdery, Downy,Early & 40 Swat Agro
(BS) Flutriafol 12 Late blight***

10 Nativo Tebconazole 50 Powdery***,Early & Late 13-15 Bayer

+Trifloxistrobin 25 blight

11 Topsin-M Thiophanate-Methyl Anthracanose & Powdery 30-40 Arysta

Mildew**
12 Success Chlorothalonil 64 Downy mildew*** 70-80 Arysta
+Metalaxyl 8

13 Redomil Metalaxyal-4+ Downy Mildew, Blight** 40-50 Sygenta

Mancozeb 64

14 Topas Penconazole 11 Powdery mildew* 10 Syngengta

Insecticide (Chewing Insect):

Sr.N Produ Active Pests/Diseases Dose / Compan

o. ct Ingredient % 20LWate y
r
1 Abate Abamactin 4 Army, American** 40-50 Agro Mart

2 Bifenthri Bifenthrin 10 Army, American, Spotted, leaf 40-45 National

n minor,Thrips,Mites** chemicals

3 Gold Abamactin 2 American,Aarmy,Heliothis,W 40-50 Elhelb

hi te flyJassid,Mites*

4 Hitexture Amamactin Army, American** 80-90 Agro Mart

benzoate
1,Lufenuron2
5 Radiant Spentoram 11.7 Pod borer*** 16 Arysta

6 Regent Fepronil 80 Stem borer, Top borer, Plant 6 Bayee

hopper, Root borer**

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 7 Match Lufenuron 5 American, Army,Leaf 40-50 Al-noor
minor* Agro

Fig 57; Samples of pesticides

Insecticides (Sucking Insects):

Sr.N Produ Active Pests/Diseases Dose / Compan

o. ct Ingredient % 20LWate y
r
1 Bifenthri Bifenthrin 10 White fly, jassid, 40-50 National
n army, American*** chemicals

2 Curacron Prophifos 44 White fly, black thrips***, 40-50 Syngenta

jassid, mites
3 Mospilon Acetamaprid 3 Thrips** 30-40 Target

4 Oberon Spiromesifen 3 Thrips, mites, white fly** 20-25 Al-Noor

5 Mine Cyromazine50 Leaf miner*** 8-10 Agro Mart

Guard
6 NexcessSL Imedacloprid 20 White fly, thrips, aphid, 40 Seat agro
jasssid*
7 Trust Acetameprid 20 20-25 Agro Mart
White fly, jassid, thrips**

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 8 Flectron hlorofenapyr 18 + Thrips, mites ** 40-45 Kanzo
Pyroproximate 5
9 Deligate Spintoram Thrips*
10 Mine Cyromazine50 Leaf miner*** 8-10 Agro Mart
Guard
11 NexcessSL Imedacloprid 20 White fly, thrips, aphid, 40 Seat agro
jasssid*
12 Trust Acetameprid 20 20-25 Agro Mart
White fly, jassid, thrips**
13 Flectron hlorofenapyr 18 + Thrips, mites ** 40-45 Kanzo
Pyroproximate 5

Herbicides/Weedicides:

Sr. Produ Active Pests/Diseas Dose / Compa

No. ct Ingredient % es 20LWa ny
ter
1 Next Peraquat 90 All broad leaves 200- Agri. Leaf
Time weeds*** 150ml/20
( Non-Selective ) L water
3. Primextra Asmetochlore Grass like and broad 250ml/20 Syngenta
Gold 35.4%+ weeds** leave L water
Atrazene 28.3%
(Non-selective)
Fertilizers use at AAF:

Sr. Bag weight Composition %

No. in kg N:P:k Company
1 CAN 50 26:0:0 Pak Arab
2 DAP 50 18:46:0 United Agro
4 Urea 50 46:0:0 FFC
5 Sar sabz NP 50 22:20:0 Fatima Fertilizer
6 Soluble SOP 25 K2O:50, SO3:45 Kali (imported)
7 Black Gold Booster 25 K2O:8, PH:85 Tianjin
PH International
(imported)
8 Nutri Gold 25 17:44:0 Imported from

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 Germany
9 Potassium Nitrate 25 13:00:46
10 Calcium Nitrate 25 Ca:46, N:5 Ranagro Ltd.
11 N:P:K 25 12:5:40 Mian Farm
12 N:P:K 25 14:7:21 Mian Farm

Drip Irrigation System

Fig 58: Drip System

Drip irrigation is the practice of applying small amounts of water and fertilizer uniformly across a specific
area. The water and fertilizer are delivered directly to the crop root zone, eliminating runoff, evaporation,
and drift. A properly designed and managed drip irrigation system gives producers the best uniformity and
application efficiency available, consequently saving them time, energy, and water, all while maximizing
yields.

There are two main types of drip irrigation systems.

1. Surface drip irrigation system

2. Sub-surface drip irrigation system

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 1) Surface drip irrigation system:

It is installed on the surface. These systems are often referred to as “temporary” because the
drip line is retrieved and recycled yearly. The submains can be permanent or temporary.
These systems are typically used on high value crops due to the yearly expense of new drip
line and the labor for installation.

2) Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI):

This system is installed under the soil surface. These systems are permanent, making design
and installation critical to ensure longevity. SDI systems are mainly used in row crop
agriculture but are making their way into some high value crops. Drip irrigation system is the
need of time and very important for agriculture.

Pakistan is facing water crisis and 70% of the fresh water is consumed by Agriculture. So
drip irrigation system is introduced which increase the water can use efficiency of crops by
almost 70%. It also increases the fertilizer use efficiency by almost 90%.

Components of drip irrigation system:

o Water source (pound)

o Water sucking pump

o Suction pipe

o NRV (Non return valve)

o Sand/gravel tank

o Pressure gauge

o Venture injector

o Disc clean filter

o Main PVC lines

o Sub main lines

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 o Lateral lines

o Air release valve

o Bypass valve

o Back wash valve

o Bypass pipe

o Water flow meter

o Control vales

o Emitters

o End cap

Water source:

At AAF water source is a pond.

Fig 59; Water Source of Drip

Water Sucking Pump:

This pipe sucks the water from the pond. The water is pumped by motor. There is a sieve on
the head of the pipe so that any particle in the pond does not enter the system. This pipe is

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inserted in to the pond. Motor works on electricity and the shaft sucks water from the pond
and forces it to the system.

Fig 60; Water Sucking Pump

NRV (Non Removal Valve):

It is a non-removal valve which inhibit the water to go back from main lines to drip system.

Fig 61; NRV

Sand/Gravel Tank:
This is a big tank which cleans the water when it is sucked from the pond. It contains sand
and stones which filters the water so that the pipeline does not gets choked. When valve is
opened water enters the tank from one pipe where it is filtered and is then released from the
other pipe.

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 Fig 62; Sand/Gravel Tank
Pressure Gauge:

When this valve is opened water enters the sand filter. This gauge shows the pressure in the
unit’s kg/cm3. The pressure on this gauge should not be more then 3kg/cm3.

Fig63: Pressure Gauge

Venture injector OR fertilizer pump:

This component is for the application of fertilizer through drip irrigation system. This way of
giving nutrients is most efficient and less fertilizer is used.

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 Fig 64; Venture injector

Procedure for applying fertilizer:

Fertilizer is mixed in a bucket. The pipe of the venture is inserted in to the bucket. When
valve is opened the pipe sucks all the mixture of fertilizer and water and through pipes this
fertilizer is applied to the plants. When fertilizer has been applied the valve is closed

Fig 65;Fertilizer Application

Dis-Clean Filter:

This filter is attached at the end of the system. Before entrance of water in the pipes this filter
again filters the water. It has rings of plastic which does not allows the suspended particles of
water to enter the pipes. If pipes get choked it is very difficult to remove that so there are two
filters in the system. We should clean it every day.

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 Fig 66: Disc Cleaner
Main PVC Lines:

Main lines transport water with in the field and distribute the water to sub main lines. Main
lines are made of rigid PVC.

Fig 67;Main PVC Line

Sub Main Lines:

Sub main lines distribute water evenly to a number of lateral lines or pipes.

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 Sub Main Lines

Fig 68; Sub Main Lines

Lateral Pipes:

Lateral lines distribute water uniformly along their length by means of drippers or emitters.

Fig 69; Lateral Pipe

Air Release Valve:
It is a valve used to release the air in the lines. There are two air release valve first valve is on
the drip system to remove the air and second valve is near the control valve to release the air
from submain lines.

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 Fig 70; Air release valve

Bypass Valve:

Bypass valve is on the bypass pipe and used to control the bypass water pressure.

Fig 71; Bypass Valve

Bypass Pipe:

It is a pipe through which bypass water release back to water source.

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 Fig 72; Bypass Pipe

Back Wash Valve:

Back wash valve is used when we clean the sand/gravel tank. When we open this valve the
waste which is present in the gravel tank release through this valve.

Water Flow Meter:

It is a meter which measure the total release of water in cubic meter. Drip system at AAF has
capacity to release 25 cubic meter of water/hour.

Fig 73; Water flow meter

Control Valves:

These are the valves to control the water distribution in lateral lines.

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 Fig 74; Control Valve

Emitters:

These are attached lateral lines from where water is released and fed to the plants.

Fig 75;Emitters

End Cap:

It is the end point of lateral lines. It is closed by a ring.

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 Fig 76; End Cap

Pressure Measuring Meter:

It is a meter which is used to measure the pressure of water in kg/cubic centimeter which is
releasing.

Fig 77; Pressure Measuring Meter

Tillage Implements at AAF

Tillage:

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Tillage is defined as “ the mechanical manipulation of the soil for the purpose of crop
production affecting significantly the soil characteristics such as soil water conservation, soil
temperature, infiltration and evapotranspiration processes ”.

A. Primary Tillage Implements:

Primary tillage is mainly an operation of cutting and pulverizing the soil to a described depth
and inverting it to burry crop stubble and weeds deep in the soil

 Disc plough
 Chisel plough
 Rotavator
 Laser land leveler

Fig 79; Disc plough Fig 80; Chisel Plough

Fig 81;Leveler Fig 82; Rotavator

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 Fig 83; Laser Land Leveler
B.Secondary Tillage Implements:

Secondary tillage operations are usually performed after tillage operation.Secondary tillage
operation is done to improve seedbed preparation, increase soil pulverization, conserve
moisture, destroy weeds and crop residues and perform final field leveling.

 Disc harrow
 Cultivator
 Ridgers
 Planter
 Broadcaster

Fig 84; Disc Harrow Fig 85; Cultivator

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 Fig 86; Ridge planter Fig 87; Disc planter

Fig 88; Ridger Fig 89; Broadcaster

Visit to Almaida Protein Farm

Introduction:

On Sunday we visited the Almaida Protein Farm with Mr. Kashif Islam early in the morning
at 6:45 am. The total area of the poultry farm is 3 Acre .it consist of two control shed whose
length are 425 ft. and the width is 50 ft. There were 28000 chicks are present in shed 1 &
30,000 chicks are present in shed.

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 Fig 91; Protein Farm
There are three partners of the farm whose names are given below

 Ch. Kashif Islam

 Ch. shahid
 Ahmed Raza

Muhammad Ameer is supervising the whole poultry farm and he has great experience and
living here about 2 years.2 men are taking care of shed at night and the other two men in the
day time.

Before entering the chicks in the shed we should properly clean the shed floors & walls.
Fogging can be done with Formalin & vereon F to disinfect the shed is closed for two days
after spray. Rice husk 1-2 inch layer is maintained in the shed for the chicks

The feed is given to the chicks in a three times a day

 Morning 8am
 Afternoon 4pm
 Mid Night 12am

Two Companies Asia and Shamem feed is given to the chicks with the following nutrient
composition .Each Company contain 50 kg /bag.

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 Components Asia feed Jaded feed

Moisture content 12% 12%

Crude Fiber 6% 8%
Crude Protein 17% 19.5%

Ash 9% 6%

Aflatoxin 50PPb 50PPb

Feed Number 433 ------

Feeding stages:

 Starter 8 days
 Grower 8-22 days
 Finisher 20-35 Days

The temperature 32-330C is maintained at the early stages later on 20-21 0C is given to the
chicks which is suitable for their growth.

60-65% humidity is maintained in the shed for the development of the chicks. The one flock
of the chicks is completed within the 32-35 days .In one year there are 5-6 flocks. In Pakistan
there are three commercials Broiler breeds used in poultry.

 Cob
 Roux
 Hobbler

Components of Shed:

 4 water channels
 3 feed channel
 2 motor for water
 7 motor for feed
 Hopper for feed supply

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  Temperature sensor (2)
 Humidity sensor 1
 2 Exhaust fan/side fan
 1 heater /brooder
 14 windows
 10 front fans
 3 doors
 54 vents for ventilation
 168 feed box in each length
 Feeding line distance 2.5 ft.
 1 water tank
 Cooling pads
 225-250 mounds rice husk is used in each shed.
 Water Filter system
 Partitioner
 Control System
 3 Generator

Fig 92; Feeding Channel Fig 93;Feeding Box

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Fig 94; Water plate Fig 95; Motor for Feed Fig 96;Hopper

Fig 97; Feed Supplier Fig 98; Exist Fan Fig 99; Vents

Fig 100; Cooling Pads Fig 101; Brooter Fig 102; Chimney

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Fig 103; Rice Husk Fig 104 ; Fans Fig 105; Partitioner
7

Fig 106; Water Filter system Fig 107 ; Control System Fig 108; Generator

Common Diseases in Poultry:

 Rani Khair
 Ghomboro
 E.coli
 CRD

Vaccination:

 NDIB vaccination Spray ( 1st Day)

 NDKILL (5Th Day)
 Gombro Plus (12Th Day)
 ND Clor (16Th Day)

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Feeding Formula:

4.5 ×Chicks × Days

50 /1000

45 ×28000 ×35
= 88 bags/days
50 /1000

Nursery Establishment

 Material
 Peat Nursery tray
 Moss
 Sprinkler
 Seeds
 Melon ( 1 )
 Water Melon ( Seed less) ( 1 )
 Chipotle ( 3 )
 Pumpkin ( 1 )
 Zucchini (16)
 Brinjal ( 3 )
 Sweet Corn ( 1 )

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 Seeds Names Sowing
Number of Seed Emergence ( DAS)
Date
1 2 3 4 5
Melon 23/06/2021 0 0 0 1 -
Water Melon 23/06/2021 0 0 1 -
Chipotle 23/06/2021 0 0 0 1 -
Pumpkin 23/06/2021 0 0 1 - -
Brinjal 23/06/2021 0 0 1 2 -
Zucchini 27/06/2021 0 0 14 1 1
Sweet Corn 23/06/2021 0 0 0 0 1

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 Fig 109;

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