Lesson 8 : Opportunities, Challenges, and Power of Media and Information

1. Citizen Journalism - the collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the general public,
especially by means of the Internet.
 Social Media
 Citizen Patrollers
 Youscoopers
 Citizen Journalism Website
2. The Use of the Internet as Tourism Support

3. Phishing - is the fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card
details, often for malicious reasons, by disguising as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.

4. Human Trafficking - is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial
sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others.
5. Cybercrime - Or computer-oriented crime, is crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may
have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target

LESSON 9: CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF MEDIA AND

INFORMATION
A. Ubiquitous Learning - learning at any time, at any place
- All day learning environment supported by technology

The main characteristics of ubiquitous learning are:

(Chen et al., 2002; Curtis et al., 2002)
 Permanency: Learning materials are always available unless purposely deleted.
 Accessibility: Access from everywhere as personally required
 Immediacy: Wherever a student is, he/she can immediately access learning materials.
 Interactivity: Online collaboration with teachers and/or peers (chat/blogs/forums)
 Situated instructional Activities: Learning in context (on-site).
 Adaptability: Getting the right information at the right place for the right student.

Source: https://clwb.org/2013/06/10/what-is-ubiquitous-learning/

B. Massive Open Online Course –is an online course that offers open access via the Internet for free or at a low
cost. Many MOOCs are modeled after existing college or university courses, but unlike these courses, most
MOOCs do not count for college credit
-Refers to a model for delivering free learning content online to any person who
wants to take the course. (Educause)

C. Wearable Technology
• Google glass - is a brand of smart glasses – an optical head-mounted display designed in the shape of a pair of
eyeglasses. It was developed by X with the mission of producing a ubiquitous computer. Google Glass displayed
information in a smartphone-like, hands-free format.
• Fitbit Charge 2 - Track all-day activity like steps, distance, calories burned, floors climbed and active minutes
• iPhone watch - is a line of smartwatches designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. It incorporates fitness
tracking and health-oriented capabilities with integration with iOS and other Apple products and services.
• Microsoft HoloLens - is a pair of mixed reality smartglasses developed and manufactured
by Microsoft. HoloLens gained popularity for being one of the first computers running the Windows Mixed
Reality platform under the Windows 10 operating system.
• HTC Vive VR Headset - a virtual reality headset developed by HTC and Valve Corporation. The headset uses
"room scale" tracking technology, allowing the user to move in 3D space and use motion-tracked handheld
controllers to interact with the environment

D. 3D Environment
3D printing- is an additive manufacturing process that creates a physical object from a digital design. 

E. Other emerging trends and technology

  Haptics technology
 Contextual awareness
 Voice and tone recognition
 Intelligent routing to devices
 Eye tracking technology

Lesson 11: PEOPLE MEDIA

People Media - refers to persons that are involved in the use, analysis, evaluation and production of media and
information (Source: MIL Curriculum Guide by DepEd)

1. People as Media - People who are well-oriented to media sources and messages and able to provide
information as accurate and reliable as possible.

Opinion Leaders - is a leader for a certain group who gives details and information to lesser active
persons in the group. In office, the managing director is an opinion leader and in public, a political leader
is an opinion leader. They interpret the information to their own group. But one thing the Opinion leader
is a leader only for their own group not for all.

Citizen Journalism- People without professional journalism training can use the tools of modern
technology and internet to create, augment or fact-check media on their own or in collaboration with
others.
Social Journalism - Journalists are using social media to make their content available to more people.
Crowdsourcing - the practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions
from a large group of people and especially from the online community

Examples:
TripAdvisor – relies on the opinions and reviews of its members to provide information to people
interested in a flight, trip or vacation. With over 40 million reviews, it has become the first port of call
for many travelers.

Waze - One of the most successful crowd-powered start-ups is Waze. It’s an app that allows users to
report traffic jams and automatically gives directions for the best route to take. Waze crowd sources
information by measuring drivers speed to determine traffic jams and by asking users to report road
closures.

Wikipedia – perhaps the pioneers of crowdsourcing. The not-for-profit.Wikipedia Foundation launched

its free, web-based, multilingual and collaborative encyclopaedia in 2001. It has over 17m articles
written collaboratively by the community and is the most popular reference site on the internet. Source:
https://www.callcentrehelper.com/ten-examples-of-crowdsourcing-14133.htm

2. People in Media - Media practitioners who provide information coming from their expert knowledge or
first- hand experience of event.

TYPES OF JOURNALIST BY MEDIUM

• Print Journalists - usually report for newspapers or magazines
• Photojournalists -generally highly-trained photographers who may have worked in a traditional
photography medium like wedding photography before transitioning into journalism.
• Broadcast Journalists - Broadcast journalism encompasses both television and radio news. There are two
ways that journalists can be involved in broadcast journalism: behind the scenes or on the air. Journalists
working behind the scenes do a lot of research and reporting, but their faces or voices will not be
broadcast. Journalists who work on the air may do their own reporting or read stories crafted by their
colleagues.

• Multimedia Journalist -This is the newest field of journalism and also the fastest-growing. Multimedia
journalism can encompass all the fields listed above because a web page can have a written story, still
photos, video, and audio. Multimedia journalists are encouraged to have a wide set of storytelling
abilities, as well as highly defined technical skills.
 TYPES OF JOURNALIST BY MESSAGE

Some journalists define themselves not by the medium that they use to tell their stories but the kind of
stories they tell. Oftentimes journalists are assigned 'beats,' particular topics that they will cover
exclusively. These journalists have the opportunity to develop a high level of expertise in their beats and
develop valuable contacts in the field. Some popular beats include:

 Sports
 Business
 Politics
 Arts and culture
 Education
 Crime

Lesson 12: Text Media and Information

Text- a simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas whether hand-written,
printed or displayed on-screen.

Did you know?

• Text is very powerful as well in disseminating information, providing direction and giving suggestions.
• Text is available in different sources whether it is formal (news articles, published books, newspapers,
magazines, advertisements, research works, etc.) or informal (blogs, personal e-mails, SMS or text
messages, online messengers, social media platforms, etc).

Text Media and Information - Refers to materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers
and students use to formulate new information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation and
production of alphanumeric characters and symbols.

Two Sources of Text Media and Information

• Formal text-based materials are created and distributed by established institutions (such as publishing
companies, news agencies, etc.) and go through a rigorous process of editing or evaluation and are
usually governed by censorship of the state.

• Informal text-based materials, on the other hand, come from personal opinions or views on different
issues, processes, etc.

Types of Typefaces
1. Serif - connotes formality and readability in large amount of texts.
This font is usually used for the body text of books, newspapers, magazines and research publication.
Examples:
Times New Roman, Garamond, Baskerville

2. Sans Serif - brings a clean or minimalist look to the text. This font is used for clear and direct
meaning of text such as road signage, building directory or nutrition facts in food packages.

Examples:
Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana, Calibri

3. Slab Serif - carries a solid or heavy look to text. This font can be used for large advertising sign on
billboards.
Examples: Rockwell, Playbill, Blackoak
 4. Script- This font is usually used in wedding invitation cards or other formal events.
Examples: Edwardian, Vladimir, Kunstler

5. Decorative - Display or decorative- caters to a wide variety of emotions (such as celebration, fear,
horror, etc.) or themes (such as cowboys, circus, holidays, summer, kiddie, etc.)
Examples:
Chiller, Jokerman, Curlz MT

Lesson 13: Visual Media and Information

Visual Media - refers to pictures ,images and graphic organizers that is used in the teaching, presentation etc.
Types of Media - photography, video, screenshots, infographics, data visualization (charts and graphs), comic
strips/cartoons, memes, visual note-taking, etc.
Producers of Media
 Visual media produced by formal organizations such as schools, government, and established
media/publishing outfits are considered formally produced.
 Other visual media are considered informally produced.
What is the purpose of Visual Information?
“to gain attention, create meaning, and facilitate retention.”
Visual design elements
a.Line – describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and can be thick or thin. Lines may be actual,
implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or contour lines.
b. Shape – usually a geometric area that stands out from the space next to or around it, or because of differences
in value, color, or texture. Shape may also be organic.
c. Value – the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the contrast between black and white and all the tones in
between. Value can be used with color as well as black and white. Contrast is the extreme changes between
values.
d. Texture – the way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. Texture can be added to attract or repel interest to a
visual element. Visual texture is the illusion of the surfaces peaks and valleys, resulting in a feeling of
smoothness or roughness in objects.
e. Color – determined by its hue (name of color), intensity (purity of the hue), and value (lightness or darkness
of hue). Color and color combination can play a large role in the design. Color may be used for emphasis, or
may elicit emotions from viewers. Color maybe warm, cool, or neutral. It plays a major role in our visual
perception, as it influences our reactions about the world around us. It is therefore important to create color
palettes that evoke the appropriate audience reactions. Color has three properties.
f. Form – a figure having volume and thickness. An illusion of a 3-dimensional object can be implied with the
use of light and shading. Form can be viewed from many angles.

Lesson 14: Audio Media and Information

Audio Media and Information - communication that uses audio or recordings to deliver and
transfer information through the means of sound.
-Refers to materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers and students use to formulate new
information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation and production of sound.

Types and Categories of Audio Information

1. Radio Broadcast - - live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide audience.
2. Music - -vocal and/or instrumental sounds combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony,
and expression of emotion.
 3. Sound Recording - recording of an interview, meeting, or any sound from the environment.
4. Sound Clips/Effects - -any sound, other than music or speech, artificially reproduced to create an effect in a
dramatic presentation, as the sound of a storm or a creaking door.
5. Audio Podcasts- -a digital audio or video file or recording, usually part of a themed series, that can be
downloaded from a website to a media player or computer

Different Storage Devices for Audio

a.Tape - magnetic tape on which sound can be recorded.
b. CD - a plastic-fabricated, circular medium for recording, storing, and playing back audio, video, and
computer data.
c. USB Flash drive - an external flash drive, small enough to carry on a key ring, that can be used with any
computer that has a USB port.
d. Memory Card - (aka flash memory card or storage card) is a small storage medium used to store data such
as text, pictures, audio, and video, for use on small, portable, or remote computing devices.
e. Computer hard drive - secondary storage devices for storing audio files.
f. Internet/Cloud - websites or file repositories for retrieving audio files, and more precisely the files are
stored in some datacenter full of servers that is connected to the Internet.

Different Audio File Formats

a.MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) - a common format for consumer audio, as well as a standard of digital
audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players.
b. M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding) - an audio coding standard for lossy digital audio
compression. Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format, AAC generally achieves better sound quality
than MP3 at similar bit rates.
c. WAV - is a Microsoft audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs. It has become a
standard file format for game sounds, among others.
d. WMA (Windows Media Audio) - is an audio data compression technology developed by Microsoft and
used with Windows Media Player

Lesson 15: Motion Media and Information

Motion Media in essence is visual media that gives the appearance of movement.
Motion media can be a collection of graphics, footage, videos. It is combined with audio, text and/or
interactive content to create multimedia

-It is also refers to materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers and students use to formulate new
information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation and production of moving text and images.

In motion media:
 each picture is a frame and that motion is created by rendering or showing consecutively several frames
per second.
 24 frames (pictures) or more per second makes for a smooth animation.; videos, film, slides also make
use of frames. •
the series of graphics or images follow a sequence to create a story. This sequence is often called a
storyboard which shows a set of components (audio, visual, videos, etc) changing in time to create a story
or a message.
 Motion media can be produced formally and informally. Informally produced motion media are created
by individuals often for personal use. Formally produced motion media are created by professionals
who follow industry standards in creating, editing and producing motion media.
Formal production of animations involve the following steps:
• writing the story - writers and directors create the story board
• script is written and dialogue is recorded
• animators sketch major scenes; inbetweeners fill in the gaps
• background music and background details are added
• drawings are rendered
 Videos are produced in the same manner except that instead of drawing the scenes they are acted out
and shot. Once the scenes have been shot, all clips are edited and put together in a final product.

Motion Media Formats, Types and Sources

a. According to format:
• Animations - animated gifs(Graphic Interchange Format), Flash, Shockwave, Dynamic
HTML
• Video formats/Video Codecs - motion media use large resources. Codecs compresses and
decompresses video files. Examples are H.26N series, Quicktime, DivX, MPG, MP4

b.According to purpose: education, entertainment, advertising

c. According to source: personal, social media, media companies
d. According to audience: private or public; directed or general

Lesson 16: Manipulatives / Interactive Media

- Refers to materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers and students use to formulate
new information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation and production of interactive
and hands-on media.

Interactive Media- a method of communication in which the program's outputs depend on the user's
inputs, and the user's inputs in turn affect the program's outputs. Interactive media engage the user
and interact with him or her in a way that non-interactive media do not. Websites and video games
are two common types of interactive media.

Different platforms of interactive media:

a. Mobile apps - a software application developed specifically for use on small, wireless computing
devices such as smartphones and tablets, rather than desktop or laptop computers.
b. 3D TV - a television display technology that enables a three-dimensional effect, so that viewers
perceive that an image has depth as well as height and width, similar to objects in the real world.
c. Video games (multi-player) - a game played by electronically manipulating images produced by
a computer program on a television screen or other display screen. Multiplayer games allow two
or more players to play with one another or play together.
d. Role-playing games (RPG) - a game in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional
setting. Players take responsibility for acting out these roles within a narrative, either through
literal acting or through a process of structured decision-making or character development.
e. Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMORPG) - any story-driven online video
game in which a player, taking on the persona of a character in a virtual or fantasy world, interacts
with a large number of other players.
f. Interactive websites (pools, surveys, exams, exercises)
g. Virtual reality and immersive environments - the computer-generated simulation of a three-
dimensional image or environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by
a person using special electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen inside or gloves fitted
with sensors.
h. Social media - websites or online services where users (actual people) are the creators and
consumers of the content, and where social interactions (commenting, liking, posting, talking) are
the main features of content. Examples are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Vine, etc. Relate
this topic to their output in the previous activity.

Lesson 17: Multimedia Information and Media

-Refers to materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers and students use to formulate
new information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation and production of a
combination of different types of media.

Uses of Multimedia
• Entertainment and Fine Arts (movies and animation, interactive multimedia, others)
• Education (computer-based training courses, edutainment (blend of education and entertainment,
others)
• Engineering, Mathematical and Scientific Research (modelling, simulation, others)
• Industry (presentation for shareholders, superiors and coworkers, employee training, advertising
and marketing, others)
• Medicine (virtual surgery, simulation, others)
• Multimedia in Public Places (stand-alone terminals and kiosks in hotels, railway stations, shopping
malls, museums, and grocery stores; digital bulletin boards; others)