Al-Fahad

A.
Addani
Bachelor of Science in Islamic Studies

English 108

I. Expository Writing

1
 The purpose of expository writing is to explain something to the reader

by providing facts and examples. It defines what something is, explains how

it works, or tells the reader how to do something.

Understanding Expository Writing. All expository writing is directed

toward explaining something to a reader. To achieve the explanatory

purpose, you should establish and maintain an informative tone.

Expository writing should have an explanatory purpose and an

informative tone. In order to serve its purpose, expository writing should

contain factual statements, not opinions.

All of the main ideas in expository papers should represent statements

of fact. Support for these facts should also be factual and objective,

including specific examples, details, facts, and incidents. Often an expository

piece of writing will include verifiable information from experts and from

reliable sources of facts, such as books, almanacs, and encyclopedias. In any

case, you should avoid statements that are controversial or are open to

varying opinions.

An informative tone will help expository writing fulfill its explanatory

purpose. When writing an expository paper, you should choose

straightforward, understandable words to explain the information clearly. If

the paper is aimed at readers who are already knowledgeable on the topic,

2
you can choose more technical terms. In all expository writing, direct,

specific language contributes to creating an informative tone.

In addition to its primary explanatory purpose and its underlying

informative tone, expository writing may sometimes have a secondary

purpose and tone. For instance, the explanation in an expository work can

define a concept, instruct a reader in a process, or even entertain the

reader. The informative tone can range from the serious and formal to the

lighthearted and casual.

Prewriting, Writing, and Revising. At each stage of writing an

expository paper, you should concentrate on conveying information.

Focus on explaining your main idea fully and clearly in

expository writing. The following guidelines will help you plan, write, and

revise effective expository papers.

_______________________________________________________
SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING EXPOSITORY PAPERS
________________________________________________

1. Choose a topic that is appropriate to the length you have in mind

and that lends itself to a factual treatment.

2. Determine any secondary purpose and tone.

3. Determine your audience’s knowledge of the topic.

4. Develop a main idea about the topic and break it down into several

factual statements.

3
5. Gather the supporting information that you need to explain your

main ideas thoroughly to your audience.

6. Organize your paper for clarity.

7. Concentrate on explaining as you write.

8. Revise your work for unity and coherence and examine your word

choices for an objective, informative tone.

4
 A. Example of Expository Writing

Supplements of this

micronutrient are safe for

most people, but there

are some caveats. If you

take aspirin to protect

against heart disease, or

if you take any other

prescription drug, check

with your doctor. Vitamin

E, like aspirin, is a blood

thinner, so your physician

may want to adjust how much you take. Also because vitamin E may

promote bleeding, don’t take it prior to surgery or if you use anticoagulant

drugs. Pharmacist Earl Mindel, author of the best seller Vitamin Bible, has

been extolling the virtues of vitamin E for more than 30 years, and call it the

“miracle supplement”. But he too suggests you use supplements with

caution if you have an overactive thyroid or rheumatic heart disease.

5
 B. Conclusion

Expository writing is one of the kinds of writing on which it explains by

imparting facts and examples. Through its explanation it defines what

something is, how it works, or even telling the reader on how to do

something. It directly explains something, and having factual statement, not

utilizing any opinions.

By establishing and maintaining an informative tone, you can

accomplish the explanatory purpose, wherein the informative tone stands as

primary explanatory purposes. Expository writing sometimes has a

secondary purpose and tone. Which is the casual tone, it offers information,

seeks to entertain as well as humorous examples.

Basically saying, expository paragraph must contain an explanatory

purpose and an informative tone, it may also contain things that may

entertain and has a casual tone.

6
 I. Persuasive Writing

Persuasive writing attempts to convince the reader to accept new

ideas, to change his or her opinion, or to take action. This kind of writing can

be found in editorials, speeches, reviews of books and movies, and

advertisements. Whenever you write to express an opinion or interpretation

or to defend a course of action, you are using persuasion.

Understanding Persuasive Writing. ideas and word choices in

persuasive writing should work together to win the reader’s acceptance of

the opinion being presented. To convince the reader of something, the

language of persuasive writing must appeal to the reader’s interest and

reason.

Persuasive writing should have a persuasive purpose and a

reasonable, convincing tone. A persuasive topic should be a statement of

opinion something arguable, not purely factual. It should also be significant

to other people and supportable with facts and logical arguments.

The supports in persuasive writing should consist of specific evidence:

useful example, strong facts, well-thought-out reasons, logical arguments,

and relevant incidents. Persuasive writing should also achieve a reasonable,

convincing tone. The language should be direct and forceful but not

offensive. Reasonable language can win the reader’s agreement, whereas

emotionally loaded words may offend the reader.

7
 Like expository writing, persuasive writing may have secondary

purposes and tones. Some will be urgent and compelling, emphasizing the

need for immediate action. Others may be casual and friendly, simply

offering an opinion about something noteworthy.

8
 A. Example of Persuasive Writing

High performance digital equipment is leading the way into the future

with slick, sophisticated inventions which focus on entertainment and simple

access to the latest information.

Now the new Digital Digest which presents an evaluation of what’s on

the market in multimedia, digitalization and audiovisual communications for

today’s and tomorrow’s world.

9
 B. Conclusion

Other kind of writing is persuasive writing, where it attempts to make

somebody believe on something. You can say that you are utilizing a

persuasion when the moment you write in a reason to express your opinion,

your interpretation, or defending your course of action. Persuasive writing

state a controversial or it opens to vary opinions; it must also be significant,

and advocating with factual and logical arguments.

By supporting persuasive writing it should consist of specific evidence.

Which means it consist of useful examples, strong facts, well-thought-out

reasons, logical arguments, and relevant incidents. Reasonable tone must a

persuasive writing have, because it wins the reader’s agreement. Humorous

tone is the second purpose and tone of a persuasive.

Basically saying, persuasive paragraph must contain a persuasive

purpose and a reasonable tone. It may also contain things that may

entertain and has a humorous tone.

10
 II. Descriptive Writing

Description focuses on the qualities of a person, place, object, or

experience on what the senses observe and what the memory recalls.

Descriptive writing focuses on a dominant impression and draws upon

particularly colorful language to describe and elaborate on that impression

for the reader.

Understanding Descriptive Writing. The basic purpose of

descriptive writing is to transmit the writer’s impression of some person,

place, object, or experience through language that allows the reader truly

and fully to imagine the topic under discussion.

Descriptive writing focuses on a dominant impression using

language that appeals to the reader’s emotions, senses, and

imagination. The dominant impression can be the strongest, most

noticeable quality of the topic. It can also be a mood: a feeling that the topic

produces in the observer and reader. The dominant impression will often be

explicitly stated at some point in the paper. But it should also be woven

throughout the language and details of the entire work.

Descriptive writing should always contain strong, specific details.

Features such as color, size, texture, shape, and condition should be

expressed clearly and sharply in action verb, precise nouns, and colorful

adjectives.

11
 Descriptive language also includes sensory impressions and figures of

speech. Sensory impressions are specific details that appeal to the senses,

calling up sights, sounds, tastes, smells, textures, and feelings. Figure of

speech, imaginative comparisons such as similes, metaphors, and analogies,

can help the reader see the thing described in a new and revealing light.

Descriptions, like all writing, need to be well organized. A writer cannot

simple give a random catalog of everything in a room and expect the reader

to see the room as the writer sees it. Instead, details should be arranged,

for example, spatially from top to bottom or near to far so the reader can

grasp the relationship of one detail to another.

Descriptive language can also be used to create different impressions

and moods.

12
 A. Example of Descriptive Writing

The past thirty years have been an unforgettable journey laden with

memories of friends who were there to nurture me and my family to what

we have become today. In 1975, when I first set foot in Zamboanga City at

early down, the color air reminded me of Baguio and the buildings that of

Vigan in llocos Sur. The Zamboangueños I met in those early years gave

them warmth I needed that lasted thirty years and this have made my

children proud to call themselves Zamboangueños.

B. Conclusion

13
 Descriptive writing is another kinds of writing, it lavishly describe and

elaborate a picture with the use of colorful language for the reader. The

main purpose of descriptive writing is to transmit the writer’s impression of

certain person, place, object or sometimes the impression of experience.

Vague idea or statement is not a descriptive writing. A descriptive

writing must explicitly and strongly specifically tell the details. It must

contain sensory impressions and certain figures of speech. It also needs to

be well organized. It also creates an impression of drifting airiness and mood

of exhilaration.

Frankly speaking, descriptive paragraph must contain or create an

impression of drifting airiness and may also create a mood of exhilaration.

III. Narrative Writing

14
 Narration relates what happened by presenting a series of events. It is

mainly concerned with capturing action.

Narrative writing may have many different purposes and may appear

in forms as different as letters, novels, and news paper articles.

Understanding Narrative Writing. The fundamental purpose of

narrative writing is to relate a series of events by utilizing a graphic

language, which captures both action and sensory impressions to help the

reader witness the events.

Narrative writing focuses on telling a series of related events

with graphic language. A narrative writing may be a self-contained story

or it may be part of a longer story. It have its own beginning, middle, and

end.

A narrative writing always has a storyteller or narrator who tells the

story from a particular point of view.

Point of View (or narrators)

Points of View How They Work

First person Tells the story as he or she experienced.

it uses the pronouns “I” and “me”.

15
 Limited third person Tells the story from the outside, using

the pronouns “he,” “she,” and “they”.

Does not know what the characters are

thinking.

Omniscient third person Tells the story using the pronouns “he,”

“she,” and “they”, can see into the minds

of the characters and reports their

thoughts.

_______________________________________

The point of view determines the kind of supporting information that

can be includes in the story.

16
 A. Example of Narrative Writing

March 1954.

Ashore in Kingston,

Jamaica. As Scotty

and I are walking up

Princess Street,

someone behind us is

yelling, "Scotty,

Scotty, Scotty". We

both turn round to

look. There is this huge

Negro woman running down the street with a big straw hat on her head

which she has to hold down with one hand. This is Agnes. She runs a saloon

in Kingston called Aggie's Place at #7 Princess Street. Scotty introduces us

and tells her our story. She says that we will come and stay with her until

we sign up on another ship. I look at Scotty and he looks at me. He says,

"Okay, Richard?" And I say, "Okay, Scotty". We pick up our gear, throw our

bags over our shoulders, and away we go.

17
 C. Conclusion

The goal of narrative writing is to tell a story or part of a story. Its

general characteristics include: first, Plot structure which may consist of

introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution. The second is

conflict. Third characterization and forth is the setting of the story.

The uses of narrative writing appears in and is not limited to novels,

short stories, biographies, autobiographies, historical accounts, essays,

poems, and plays.

18