Britain's Number One Wargames Magazine
Corel) SeePhoto top right shows Essex Miniatures 15mm
Sudan figures very nicely painted by Steve Mitchell |
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Beware of cheap imitations!
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WE NOW GIVE ‘eady SHORE OF TWO SUES OF READY MADE ARMIES O (OR OUR STARTER PACK!
exe, 'Stm JUMBO, el PB
£26.50 FIGURES: RULES : DICE
1 +£2.00 P&P £10.50
AHS INCLUDING
‘STANDARD
15mm ARMIES
£17.50 + £1.50 P&P
Han Chinese
Tibetan
Burmese
‘Sumerian
Old & Middle Kingdom Egyetion
ite chariots
ite nCay
‘Nabian,
New Kingdom Egyptian Chariots
New Ringtom Egyptian In/Cay
* 15mm ARMIES
& USING sine
&
MINIATURES ‘imnattows ne cores
4 15mm armies using MINIATURE FIGURINES
Mycenean & Minoan Greek In/Cav
180 PIECE ARMIES
A naroteonic— French: Beish: Prussian: Austany Russie
Brunswick: Soxon: Westphalian: Spanish Dutch-Belgian: Bavarian:
g Wortersburger Pols:
SEVEN YEARS WAR ~ British French: Prussian; Ausro
a unas Kuso
‘CIVIL WAR — Union: Confeder
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Royal Posner New Mode Army
‘Scots Royalist Monttose; Scots Covenantcr”
fp RU Ven WAR” inpers Feh Sponish: Swish
2, ALAN WARS ~ Spanish French anes: Frenne: Veneto
RENAISSAI Huguenot French catholc: Polish:
Sanaa Sv gts a3 os ‘loth Cent English; Moorish:
ancien early Hopi Greek: Early Achaemenid Persian:
‘Thracian: Later Hoplite Greek: Later Achaementd Persian
Syiacusary Alexandrian Macedonlar indian’ Alexandrian Imperiale
eae ay Sues Lach aedonan Ey Sues
Slurp Cais gman Chana
glamor, Sub Rowen brats Arab Congues
Themate Byzantine: Nikephorian Byzanie: Norman
MEDIEVAL ® Anglo Normar: Feudal Engst Feat Free Ang
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‘ONE Brits German French; Ameren: Auto
Honesto Ruste
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NEWBABYLONIAM AND ALLIES
‘T5mm armies using DONNINGTON MINIATURES
ANCIENT Camailan Roman: Carthaginian: Marion Romar Aver
Calics Barly Germane Anclent Briss Parthian Scythian: Seleucla
Malena Grete Dai Savon Norman: Vk
TATE 17th CENT
fy FrenctAl
AMERICAN CIVIL WAR = Unton: confer
25mm ARMIES £49.95 INC P&P
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1/300 MICRO TANK ARMIES
£15.00 He eee OVERSEAS ADD £2.50
AB A Rp Ae Ape A pe Rp Rp ape a
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Honours
THE TERRAIN NOW LEAVING PLATFORM 3 IS 1ST CLASS ONLY
We have had so many enquiries about the GEO-HEX terrain system we thought it was about time we published some more information.
GEO-HEX terrains a remarkable system that allows you to build your own battlefield complex with hills rivers, roads, coastlines and so on
allto your own design. Itlooks superbly realistic and the really nice thing about itis that you can build dfferentbatllefields everytime. Ifyou
‘are fighting 2 historical batle then just find a map and build tin GEO-HEX If you want to get really adventurous then you can add to you
‘basic set with all sorts of goodies. The ROUGH TERRAIN set gives you cliffs, canyons, gorges, steep river banks and transition pieces that
allow gente slopesto become steep banks. The ROAD EXPANSIONSE T allows even more possibilities in road networks. phil, downhill,
overtivers, anywhere you want. A SUNKEN ROAD SET lets you create some really rugged countryside. You can buy extrahils, extension
packs and it doesn't stop with just the terrain itself. Imagine a set of maps that can be laid side to side and endo end in any combination.
Each coloured map is superimposed with a hex grid Inside each hex are smaller hexes. Guess what all the smaller hexes are GEO HEX
pieces. Those who are good at crosswords and generally brighter than us wll eapto thei feet and cry AMAZING! Whatit means, of course,
Is that you can fight campaigns across # huge area. Every time opposing forces meet on the map they can build that area in GEO-HEX
Even more impressive are the templates supplied with each set. Because ofthe scale of 4” on the map equals 1’ of GEO GEX than laying
these on the map will tell you what size table you need, Plus you get clear plastic overlays on which you can mark dispositions, additional
Features and so on in chinagreph. Altogether its really rather clever, and we'llet you into secret. You don'thave tohave GEO-HEXto useit
Now we have bridges made specially for GEO-HEX whose sloping ends fit perfectly on river banks. Anyway, enough ofthis, let's give you
what you are really interested in, the price,
GEO-HEX EUROPACK (basic set) 129.95 GEO-MaP SET 12.95,
EXTENSION SET (adds 8 sq.ft) 29.95 12 FULL HEXES, 22.95
ROUGH TERRAIN SET 68.95 6 FULL HEXES 11.95,
‘SUNKEN ROAD SET 68.95 6 ' HEXES (ROADS) 795
ROAD EXPANSION SET 48.95 LARGE STONE BRIDGE *
TRANSITION ADDITION SET 48.95 ‘SMALL STONE BRIDGE
LARGE HILLS SET 61.50 STONE BRIDGE 2” 2
SMALL HILLS SET 37.25 “Prices not fixed at time of printing,
Phone for details.
Please specify 1” or 2° roads and green or desert finish. Add 5% postage.
AND NOW..... OUR ARTILLERY SETS ARE COMING APART
‘Not as bad as it sounds, but now we have such a vast range of guns and crews we thought it best if you could choose exactly what
‘combinationsyou wanted. So as from now crew sets of 4 fiques will be sold separately from quns which will be sold individually. Crew sets
will ost 65p and guns 50p. Other SS's wil stay the same so, for instance, a French Staff Set is stl SS10. Here's the new numbers for
artillery.
‘CREWS - 4 figures GC13 Austrian NGO4 French Bll
GCO1 Peninsula British Loading GC14 Prussian NGOS French 121b
GCO2 Peninsula British Firing GC15 Bavarian * French guns NGO6 French Howitzer
GCO3 French Loading GC16 Waterloo British NGO7 Prussian 6b
GC04 French Firing GC17 Russian Horse Artillery NGOB Prussian Howiter
GCOS Russian Loading GC18 Spanish * French guns NGOS Russian 61b
.GC06 Russian Firing GC19 Revolutionary Austrians NG1O Russian 10Ib Licomne
GCO7 Royal Horse Artillery Gdns NGI Russian 125
GCOB French Horse Artery NGO1 Betish 615 NGI2 Russian 20Ib Licome
GC09 Revolutionary French NGO2 British 915 NG13 Austrian 3ib
GC10 Polish * French guns NGO3 French 4/61b
GC11 Confederation/Late French
GC12 French Guard Horse
AND FINALLY ... BH GOES HI-TECH
‘Occasionally we come across something in te wargaming world that really makes us st up andtake interest GEOHEX was one, now we
have found another. We recently come across Deve Watkins, computer programmer extraordinaire. who mentioned some Napoleonic
rules he'd written fr compute. With the promise of free beer we ured him to BH HQ and set up a game using them, We were impressed.
We could stop playing, They are easy to use, realistic, fst and FUN. No more tedious morale checks, no more casualty sheets doesnt
matter about base sizes or igure scales. Everything is done bythe machine Allyou have todo is move the figures, Youjust feed in the data
and sit back and enjoy the game. You can use i for campaigns or one off battles. You get messages from commanders that call for
decisions just ke the rel thing, So we have decided to putiton the market. The fistversons should be avallable by Christmas and vl be
for the SPECTRUM and AMSTRAD range. After that well produce versons for ATARI ST, COMMODORE and IBM compatible PCs The
potentials enormous. We plano produce in adition complete Napoleonic campaigns as orders ofbatte and you can select your forces
straight from the memory. We are caling the rules EAGLEBEARER. Nepoleonic Wargaming will never be que the some Prices wil be
round £12 for tape and £16 for dse versons.
Don't forget you can get the complete BATTLE HONOURS illustrated Napoleonic catalogue for £2.50 including post(UK) and here'sone
lor two of our stockists GOULD'S « South St. Dorchester, WARGAMES SOUTH - Dorking, Surrey, Tel 0305 79 796, WATERLOO
MINIATURES - Arlington, Texas, USA Tet: (817) 478 0721 and of course Tom DeVoe, BATTLE HONOURS AMERICA, 17 Ridge Road,
Budd Lake, NJ 07828 USA Tet (201) 691 2423 °
5 Moors Lane, Oreton, Nr. Cleobury Mortimer, Kidderminster, Worcs. DY14 GRH 074 632 627idl uy
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HEROICS & ROS FIGURES (oeot. wi 14)
Unit 12, Semington Turnpike, Semington, Trowbridge, Wilts. BA14 6LB, England. Tel: 0380 870228
Hl
1/300th SCALE METAL FIGURES £1.15 Packs
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10% P&P
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‘1mm MONGOLS
MO1 Medium inf + spear
MO2 Korean inf + spear
MO3_ Light inf + bow
MO4_ Light inf fring bow
MOS. Mongol officer on foot
MOC! Mongol HC + Lance
MOC2 Mongol HC + Bow
MOC3. Keshik LC
MOCa Mongol MC + Lance
MOCS Mongol MC = Bow
MOCS Keshik HC
MOC? Korean HE
MOc8 Mongol LC + Bow
MOC3_ Mongol LC + Sword
MOCIO Eastern Steppe LC
MOEN Mounted Oficar
MOCI2 Mounted Khan
Moc14 BaggageCame!
MOGI5 ComelHoidor 15
MOCI6 CamelLancer 250.
MOG17 Mounted Standard.
boaror (EHC) 25
MOCI8 Mounted Standard
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When replying to adverts please mention Wargames Illustrated.
e582 28
vebecuseeNEW RULES FROM
WARGAMES RESEARCH
GROUP
1925-50 Infantry/Armour
£3.50
These rules represent
a new approach to this period
= long overdue
WARGAMES RESEARCH GROUP RULES
3000 BC-1485 AD (6th Ed.) £230]
3000 BC-1485 AD (7th Ed.) £3.50|
1420-1700 Renaissance Rules 229]
1980-85 Armour Infantry Rules £250]
1685-1845 Napoleonic Rules 29]
1420-1700 Renaissance Lists £275]
WARGAMES RESEARCH GROUP
UNIFORM GUIDES
Armies & Enemies of imperial Rome £7.85]
‘Armies of the Dark Ages £6.95|
‘Armies of the Macedonian & Punic Wars £.95|
Wargames Campaigns £6.95
Seanarios for Wargames £695
‘Armies of the Midale Ages Pt. £96
Programmed Scenarios 735
‘Armies of the Middle Ages Pt.2, £2.98
‘Armies of Ancient Near East e995
Piketo Shot fa.86
M.D. GAMES RULES
Tank Action 1950-85, 250
‘Special Forces (Modern Infantry) 225
‘Sea Power (Modern Naval Rules) £250
Total War Infantry Rules 1914-25) £1.95
War at Sea (WWII Naval Rules) £250
£1.98
£225
Fast Atack (WWII Coastal Warfare) £2.50,
“Tricorne 18th Contury Warfare £225
Grand Fleet Wii Naval Rules £250
‘18th Century) £250
Bonaparte Napoleonic Warfare Rules £1.96
SKYTREX RULES
Wars of the Roses Rules (E. Smith) £195
American Civil War Rules £198
WWiLand Rules £1.95
WWIAir Combat Rules £195,
Modern Ain Combat Rules £195
HINCHLIFFE 20mm WW2
QUALITY WHITEMETAL VEHICLE KITS
‘OVER 60 KITS NOW AVAILABLE PLUS
WW2 INFANTRY
NEW THIS MONTH
295
20/80 Universal Carrier with Vickers
mg. &erew’ 2295
20/81 Bren with Pak36 AT gun & crew £295
20/81 Russian BTS tank S93
20/82 Russian BTSTU Commandtank £3.95
20/83 Russian BT 7 tank £395
20/84 Russian Komsomulets artillery
ractorwith seated artilleryman £2.95
MORE NEW MODELS NEXT MONTH
Fully ilustated 207m WH? & Modern
vehicle catalogue ~ 5p
SKYTREX
NEW! NEW! NEW!
TRITON '/1zooth TRANSITIONAL STEAM NAVAL
“UP FUNNEL! DOWN SCREW!”
By popular request we have produced the warships which
followed the Napoleonic period but preceded the ironclads. At last
ships were no longer totally dependent on the wind for
propulsion. Guns were standardised and shells just coming into
use. New construction techniques gave larger ships albeit few in
number. This was the last era in which the French fleet presented
a serious challenge to the Royal Navy. War did not occur but many
intriguing battles can be created.
BRITISH FLEET
HMS VICTORIA 121 gun tstrate £4.96
Flagship of the squadrons
HMSHEROS1 gun 2ndrate £295
‘These vessels bull large classes made
up the bulk of the batting
HMSPHOEBESt guntrigete 3.95
Large erusing frigates wore used for
fleet recce and colonial positioning
HMSWARRIOR ironclad Figate £55
Fret other kind. Mistress ofthe Channel
All models are whitemetal kits and are
(packaged with hull. masts, sas ond 9”
FRENCH FLEET
LABRETAGNE 130gun totrate £4.95,
Fronch flagships
VILLE do PARIS 114 gun totrote €2.95
Napoleonic poriod tet rate converted to
LoNAPOLEONS0 gun 2ndrate £295
‘Aclassie design which made up the bulk
fof the Franch line
EVLAU90 gun 2nd rate
‘Avvarition 09 the above design
SOUVERAINES6 qunfrigate £3.95,
A good rapresentative of the French
enising frigate
£395
Informauon sheet giving brief deta oF
the vessel. GLOIRE Ironclad batleship £8.95,
“The first ron clad she spelt the end of
the wooden well warship.
DEVIL AT THE HELM NAVAL RULES 1850-1906 £1.95
TRITON NAPOLEONIC NAVAL MODELS
‘These whitemetal */1z00th scale models are the best avalat'a, Accurately modelled
tpierioctn pia Chey ori ab You! resorts vie aval Wars cf ia tow at
Fiapeloon’ Be a18
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Reg eee oe
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SERIES yencue sues
1NSe2 CONSTITUTION aa Bae
eee Se ae nee ce
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TRITON algo produce Greek, Roman and Renaissance Galleys, Armada period ship model
American Gal Wer Foncads, We Conse Frees and 8 rowing numberof eth scaleHINCHLIFFE MODELS ALIVE AND WELL!
Strange Rumours abound that Hinchliffe is no longer produced — NOT TRUE!
The HINCHLIFFE ranges are available as normal by return of post quality figures 25mm and above Ancients,
Medieval, Renaissance, 7 years War, American War of Independence, English Civil War, Napoleonic,
Peninsular War, American Civil War, Colonial and 20mm WW2. Not forgetting the superb equipment
ranges of which we list a few below:
HINCHLIFFE 25mm WHITEMETAL EQUIPMENT KITS
French Napoleonic 4PDR gun £175 25188 Archers takes 3 sets of sper pack) £1.20
258 French Nepoleonie SPOR gun £178 2518C Renaissance triple orgen gun £178
2510 French Napoleonic 12POA gun £1.75 2/80 LateMedioovalMenatesance barelled canon E175
2510 French Napoleon 6 Howitzer £175 22/8 Renaissance Single Bank Organ Gun £178
28 French Nopoteonie Howitzer £1758 2a1BF Renaissance Faleonet Canon a7
25 Freneh Napoleonic Limber £120 2786 Lote MediaevalReraissance fea feldssigegun e430
251G FronchNopoleonic Ammunicatonesisson «£225 —«BSIBM Pack of large barrels and lide are Keight 26mea)
25H French Napoleon Baggage Wagon £325 2perpack E20
251) _ British Nepoleonie PBR gun £178 268K 1sth Century Heavy Howitzer £250
25K Brllsh Napoleonic SPOR gun £178 2181 YBth Century Heavy Fela/Seige Gun f250
25. British Napoleonic Limber A) £1.75 281BM Pack of medium barrels end lids (barrel height 18ram)
25M Brish NepeleonieAmmunication Wagon £175 “per pack £120
25N _Briish Napoleonic Rocket Wagon £220 251Cs Lands, Baggage wagon £350
2510 British Napoleonic So: Howitzer fis Avia 5100
25P _Briish Napoleonic 1BPDR gun £225 HYI4 Medievalamanarilery crew £1.00
25 Bitsh Nepoteonic Lmber (@) £175 HYI9. Medieval Renalance4Horso gun tom E180
25/3 _ Briish Napoleonic Baggage Wagon £23
25)AA British Napoleonic 18PDR Naval gun F178 ENGLISH civiL WAR
25/AB British Napoleonic 18PDR gun on wooden garrison 25/AO EngllehChilWarFalcon (25POR) Lightgun £1.75
cariage £175 25AP_ English Civil War Limber £20
25/CP British SPOR Battalion gun 2S/AR_ English il War Heawy Mortar £178
(Warofindependence arly Napoleonic) «£1.78. —-25/AS. English GivilWar Cannon Royale 225
25/0R Umber for 3 POR Battalion Gun £178 26/AT. Packotax powder bares £20
2513. Brish POR Battalion Gun £175 25/AU Packof six pabions £120
25/GT Limberfor 25108 £178 BAW Pair of oxen snd yoke 30
25/AE_ British Spore Whee! Cartiage £175 _25/AX Early Mediaeval whooled Bomberd £175
2G/AF_ Prussian POR gun £175 2/AY. Early Mediaeval Siege gun on base £50
2G Prussian 12PDR gun £175 HYNT_ English Civil War a mar arllory crew £1.00
25/AH Prussian Napoleonic Limber £78
28AK. Russian Six Pounder Cannon E17 AMERICAN cIvit WAR
BS/AL Russian imber £178 2T American CvilWer 12PDR Howitzer ev7s
25/CH Russian Napoleonic Ammunition Cassion £175 28 American Civil War 5 Rife £173
25AZ Russian 10 POR Licorne lowizer £178 28 American Civil War 10PDR parrot gun £75
25CM Russian Napoleonic 12POR llongbarrelcanon) £1.75 25X__ AmericanGivilWar I2PDRWhinweemBLgun IGE
25ICO Russion Napoleonic 12POR|shorterbarrellcanon £1.78 D8 Amercan GoilWarLarber £175
HVT Briish4man Foot Artilery crew £100 282 American Civil War Pontoon Wagon £25
HY2 _Bri'shd man Horse arllery crow £100 2818. American Givi War Gating Gun £73
HY3 French 4 man Foot Arilary crew £1.00 258 “American Cv War Parrot Gun 20 POR £250
HY4 French 4 man Horse artilery crew £100 25/CB American Civil War Battery Wegon lsutable
HY>Frencn4 man Guord Foot Anilery crew £100 a= trllortypa wagon for al penose) 2250
HY6 French 4 man Guard Horse Artilery crow £100 25/CN American Givi Warn Wagon 500
HY7 russian aman Foot Antler crew £100 HYT2. American Civil War4mon artiory crow £00
HY Prussian man Horse artilery crew £100 _-HYID._Americen Gil Wer Horae gun (eam £20
HY9\_ Russian 4 man Foot Arilery row £100
HY Russian éman Horse Arley crow £100 coLonIaL
HYI7_ French 4 Horse Artilery team £150 29CU" Colonial PDR. M eu
HY20_Britsh4 Horse Gallope’ gun team £180 SSW Colonial 12POR e178
25I0X Colonial 1SPDR Breech loading rife e178
25ICY Colonial limber £120
250K Sbarelled Gardner Gun £250
FULL HINGHLIFFE CATALOGUE £150 28/CL Colonial Ox Wagon £300
HYI5. Colonial British indian & man gun crew £1.00
HYI6_ Colonial Briish Naval mn gun cow £100
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Arrange of handy sized ready made ermies,
each containing 120+ figures.
Send 60p for our full catalogue of over 1000 figures,
ues bt pe ey tere a
‘valiabe at £20 6 £35 for two and contain
200" figures,
Mongo! Scots Covenanters
viking Spartan
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YS. Siuge Coach, Horses & Passengers
al ony oso Sart £5 00
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SBN "Pascon Sa Orcs
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SREMeaN WAR PAGE 52
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OSPREY PUBLISHING“Organisation and Equipment
of the Prussian Artillery 1870-71”
Part II
‘This second article on the Prussian artillery in the Franco-Prussian
‘War deals withthe artillery organisation, ammunition and vehicles.
An outlines provided concerning the artillery of the other German,
contingents, although it should be noted that battery organisation
and the way the guns were used were very similar between the
various armies. The two articles should enable interested wargam-
cers to recreate a realistic German artillery in both appearance and
Colour Schemes of Gun Garriages and Vehicles
‘The armies of the Franco-Prussian war still presented a colourful
spectacle, with some variety in uniforms on both sides. The gun
carriages and vehicles contributed to this variety, with some
variation across the German contingents. The table below is
followed by more detailed information on Prussian vehicles from
the Handbuch fuer Offiziere der Koeniglich Preussischen Artilerie
(Berlin 1860)
State ‘Woodwork Metal parts
Saxony Grey Black
Baden Olivengrau Black
(brown-grey green)
Warttemberg as Baden
Hessen-Darmstadt Grey Black
Bavaria Silver-grey Black
Prussia Middle blue Black
‘The 1860 source gives the following further details of Prussian
colours
Blue — all gun carriages and vehicles (and the wooden parts of all
items comnected with them) of the field batteries,
‘Grey - the same material ofthe ammunition Kolonnen, and of
the fortress and the siege artillery (with the exception of 5 small
items for which no further details are given).
‘Concerning the vehicles with the troops, ofthe Train and of the
various Administrations-Branchen:
Blue ~ all medicine carts and wagons, and all vehicles connected
with the hospital.
Grey—all ther vehicles withthe troops, the “flying horse depots”,
and the vehicles of the Intendantur (Administration) of the Feld
‘post (Field Post Office).
Kaisergelb (emperor yellow, a dark yellow) ~all other vehicles of
the Feldpost
French guns had “bottle green” (a dark green with a splash of
olive) wooden parts with black metal fittings.
‘The 4 pounder gun carriage C/64. This picture shows the
‘arrangement of the axsitze (axle seats), each seating one man, on
‘which men rode into battle. Such seats were not present on the guns
of the horse batteries. (From Witte.)
by M, Tomezak
(continued from WI No.10)
French gun barrels were bronze, German barrels were black.
(The result of the process used to protect the steel against
corrosion.)
‘The Introduction of Rifled Breech-loading Guns
‘The Prussians began experimenting with stecl-barrelled rifled
breech-loaders in the 1850s, and although they were undoubtedly
superior to the old muzzle-loaders there was considerable resist~
ance to them in conservative military circles. Energetic individuals
helped to overcome this. For example in 1859 Crown Prince
William (later Emperor), who was a strong supporter of the new
guns, changed an order for 100 guns to one for 300 in his own hand,
‘The issue was settled when it became clear in 1866 that the range of
‘modern small arms required their use. The Prussians themselves
were fully equipped with the new guns by 1867, smaller contingents
in the Army of the North German Confederation which stil had
‘muzzle-loaders were re-equipped from 1867. The other German
states changed to breecheloaders during the 1840s and by 1870 all
deployed them,
‘The development by Krupps of steel strong enough to be used for,
gun barrels, coupled with the development of machine tools after
‘mid-century permitted the production of large numbers of guns of
identical performance with easily replaceable parts. The strong
barrels permitted the use of more powerful charges and thus
enabled firing at longer ranges than before. All this assisted the
Prussians in the development of a highly effective artillery arm. As
‘matter of interest a major reason for the lack of development of,
steel-barrelled guns in France was the fet that French industry was,
some way behind the Germans in steel-making and had not yet
developed a strong-enough type of steel.
‘The Guns
‘The Germans used two calibres in their field batteries in 1870-71.
The 4 pounder (calibre 77 millimetres) was used in horse and light,
driving batteries, the 6 pounder (91.6 millimetres) was used in the
heavy driving batteries. The 4 pounder was the 1864 model (C/64),
with gun carriage and limber from the same year. In 1867 a new
breech-block was introduced, giving the designation 64/67, The 6
pounder had the barrel of 1861 (C/61) with the gun carriage and
limber developed in 1864. A new 6 pounder barrel introduced in
1864 proved unsuitable and the barrels were finished as the C/61,
although they were slightly lighter. Along with the C/od limbers and
gun carriages, 1864 also saw the introduction of a new munition-
Shinterwagen,a two-wheel caisson drawn by a similar limber to that
used to tow the guns.
Ammunition
‘The ammunition used by the artillery in 1870-71 consisted of
explosive and incendiary shells, canister and shrapnel. (Shrapnel
was only just being introduced in German armies and its use was
limited.) The projectiles were propelled by using bagzed charges
(Kartuschen) of various sizes.
‘The terms 4 and 6 pounder applied to the weight of round shot
the guns would fire. The 4 pounder's shell in fact weighed 4.342
kilogrammes (about 91 pounds), that ofthe 6 pounder weighed 6.9
kilogrammes (about 15% pounds). On exploding the 4 pounder
shell broke into 30-80 fragments, the 6 pounder shell into 30-40
fragments,
‘At ranges up to 900 metres, the effects of 4 and 6 pounder shells
‘were similar; at ranges above 900 metres the heavier shells had
‘greater moral effect and were more effective agains fixed targets
When the shell exploded there was a potential danger zone for a
further 450 metres beyond the point of impact, although not too
much should be madé of this.
Incendiary shells contained 20 percent less explosive than normalfigures from the collection of Aly Morrison, who also made the buildings in the fo
zground. (Those behind are by Phil Robinson.)
tained small incendiary elements (Brander),
four, the 6 pounder shell six. The Brander
(bumers) made the sheils slightly heavier than the explosive
variety. Each Brander would burn for 15-20 seconds, and it was
found that these shells could set quite heavy wooden structures
alight. Incendiary shells were distinguished externally by three
small flames painted at the tip in red oil paint.
‘The Prussian shells were fitted with extremely reliable percus-
sion fuses of a type developed by General Neumann in 1858.
Shrapnel was @ new weapon in Germany and had not yet been
tested thoroughly. It could be used at ranges up to 2,200 metres and
exploded into 200 fragments. There was an idea that it could
pethaps be used as a form of long-range canister, although at this
time German artillerymen had litle confidence in it, as it was stil
an untried weapon.
Canister came in the form of cylinders, a 4 pounder round
containing 48 inc balls (zinc was used in preference toiron because
itwore the rifling in the barrels rather less), and a 6 pounder round
containing 41 rather heavier zinc balls, When 4 and 6 pounders
fed canister it was effective up to 450 and S00 yards respectively
Range of the guns
‘The 4 pounder, when firing shells, had a range of 3,450 metres, the
6 pounder a range of 3,440 metres (figures from Handbuch der
Waffenlehre, Berlin 1912),
Bagged Charges (Kartuschen)
‘The bagged charges used to propel the shells came in several sizes.
For normal shell and caninstet fire the 4 pounder would use @
charge weighing 1 pound, the 6 pounder a charge weighing 1.2
‘pounds. For high trajectory fire each calibre had 2 sizes availabe:
the 4 pounder 0.25 and 0.5 pounds; the 6 pounder 0.3 and 0.5
pounds. The smaller of the two would be used for shorter distances,
although whenever possible gunners used the 0.5 pound charges
because they gave the shells greater effect, and improved accuracy.
The choice would be limited by distance and the nature of the
target. Asa general rule, for example, the 6 pounder would requi
the 0.3 pound charge for ranges of 600-1200 metres, and the 0.5
pound charge for ranges of 1000-2000 paces. This kind of fie was
that for which the old 7 pounder howitzer was used, namely when a
target was behind some form of cover and could not be fired upon
using the larger charges with the resulting lower trajectories.
Ammunition Vehicles
‘A number of vehicles old and new were used to carry ammunition
‘The limbers towing the guns carried a supply. The 4and 6 pounders
‘were both towed by limbers of 1864 (C/64), and each battery also
hhad 6 limbered Munitionshinterwagen C4 (ammunition rear
‘wagons), the limbers towing these were similar to those towing the
guns.
The older vehicles consisted of 4-wheeled wagons of 1816 (C/16)
‘which had originally carried ammunition for 7 pounder howizte
and limbered 2-wheeled vehicles of 1842 (C42). The process of
altering these older vehicles to carry the new ammunition was
known as aptiren, the alterations were known as aptirungen, the
whole process requiring more or less extensive internal and
external changes, The C/42 and C/16 material was used for both 4
and 6 pounder ammunition,
Ammunition Supply
‘The batteries were provided witha large supply of ammunition, this
being carried in the limbers and Munitionshinterwagen with the
batteries themselves and with the various Munitionskolonnen to
the rear. The two tables following show the numbers of projectiles
and charges carried by the various vehicles. Unfortunately the
author's sources do not give full information on the C/42 vehicles,
It must be pointed out that table (1) gives figures for batteries
with guns having the 1864 breech. The breech of 1867 called for
differences in the construction and use of the bagged charges and16
‘Table 1 (Ammunition stowage for 4 pounders)
a Soa Te 2
2 sR 2 5
5 eee 8
3 2 g 2
6 88 5
Shall 0 e019
Incendiary Shell 4 3 aaa ay
Canister 4 2 aaa
025 pd. Charge 10 © 10 36
pa. Charge 8 Wes (ak
pd. Charge 48 o 8 m4
z aes
a aS Ee
5 Oe Oe
[Shel 7 Soa ee
incendiary Shell 3 cao 8
[Canister 3 ae eee
03 pd. Charge 7 Sueee 712
JOS pd. Charge 8 (eee aes
12 pd. Charge 36 o 0 %
‘Table 3 (Ammunition stowage for 4 pounders using C/67 breech)
7
CREEL, G
TR pd Charge 1s 1028
OSpa charge 15 1k 2
Ipl Charge 50 1
altered stowing arrangements, resulting in small variations in the
‘numbers of charges carried in the various vehicles. The following
table shows the numbers of charges carried for batteries using the
(Ci67 breech,
Each battery of 4 and 6 pounders thus had 6 limbers towing the
‘guns, and also 6 limbered Munitionshinterwagen. This gave cach
battery the following allocation of ammunition and charges (again,
the figures allow for the C/64 breech, for batteries with the C167
breech use of tables (1) and (3) will permit the reader to-arrive atthe
correct number of charges).
“The figures in brackets give numbers per gun
3 4 pounder 6 pounder
Shells 768 (128) 666 (111)
Incendiary Shells. 96 (16) 72 (12)
Canister 78.13) 6 (10)
Charges
Tor 1.2 pounds 936 (156) 864 144)
0.5 pounds 180 (30) 192 G2)
0250r0.3 pound 180 (30) 168 (28)
‘The figure for canister rounds includes the one round carried on
each gun carriage.
In addition 10 ammunition the various vehicles also carried a
‘variety of smaller items needed during the firing of the guns.
ORGANISATION OF THE ARTILLERY
‘The German States
By 1870 all the German contingents were using 4 and 6 pounders
breech-loaders, and all deployed their artillery in 6-gun batteries,
Baden
Baden hada Feld-Artllerie-Regiment (FAR) ofthree Abteilungen
(an Abteilung was equivalent to a battalion), each with three
batteries. There were four 6 pounder batteries, and five 4 pounder
batteries. In July 1871 the Baden artillery became FAR nr.14 ofthe
Prussian army.
Hessen-Darmstadt
This had a Feld-Astillerie-Regiment the Grossherzogliches Arti-
leriecorps (*Grandducal Artillery Corps”), with two Abreilungen,
The I. Abteilung had one 4 pounder horse battery and two 6
pounder driving batteies (“driving” meant that all personnel were
carried on limbers or on seats on the guns). The II. Abteilung had
three 4 pounder driving batteries, fora total of24 x 4 pounder and
12 x 6 pounder guns.
Wuerttemberg
This had an Artilerie-Regiment with three Abteilungen each of
three batteries, with a total of 36 x 4 pounder and 18 x 6 pounder
guns.
Bavaria
Bavaria had four Artillerie-Regimenter with eight batteries each,
for a total of 72 x 4 pounder and 120 x 6 pounder guns.
‘The Army of the North German Confederation
This, made up largely of Prussian units, fielded 13 artillery
regiments: 1. “Garde” FAR, and FAR ar. 1-12, FAR nv.12
consisted of the Saxon artillery.
Each FAR (other than or.12, which had a slightly different
organisation) was made up of three Fuss Abreilungen (foot
battalions) and one Reitende Abteilung (mounted battalion). Each
Fuss Abteilung had two 4 pounder and two 6 pounder driving
batteries, each Reitende Abreilung had three 4 pounder horse
batteries. Each FAR therefore had 90 guns with 36 x 6 pounders
and 54 * 4 pounders,
‘An Allerhoechste-Kabinett-Ordre (“All highest Cabinet
Order”) of A-K.O. of 9th June 1870 ordered that from then on all 6
pounder batteries were to be designated “heavy” and all 4 pounder
batteries “light”.
Within the regiments the smaller contingents were distributed as
follows:
‘The Grossherzoglich Mecklenburgische Fuss Abteilung made up
the IIL. Fuss Abteilung of FAR ar.9,
‘The Herzoglich Braunsch weigische6 pounder battery was part of
the IIT. Fuss Abteilung of FAR nr.10.
‘The Hessen-Darmstadt artillery wasattached to the Il Artillerie-
Brigade. As such it was not an integral part of a FAR.
‘The Saxon artillery regiment (FAR nr.12) consisted of four Fuss
Abreiluagen and one Reitende Abteilung. The | and Il Fuss
‘Abreiluagen each had two 4 pounder and two 6 pounder driving
batteries. The II and IV Fuss Abreilungen each had one 4 pounder
and two 6 pounder driving batteries. The Reitende Abteilung had
‘wo 4 pounder horse batteries. FAR nr.12 thus had two more 6
pounder batteries and one less horse battery than the other
regiments, with a total of 48 each of 4 and 6 pounders.
FAR 9, 10 and 11 had been set up in October 1866 using the
artillery formations ofthe various territories annexed to Prussian in
1866, including Schleswig-Lauenburg, Kurhessen and Hanover
Regimental and Battery Organisation
‘The Prussian artillery had different peacetime and wartime
establishments. In peacetime fewer horses and men were present
and only four guns were deployed per battery. The larger wartime
establishment was attained by calling up reservists and any
Landwehr artillerymen required to make up the aumbers, and by
procuring the necessary extra horses and organising the necessary
Trainsoldaten,
As in peacetime, during war the artillery consisted of technical
‘and combat elements. Each of the Prussian regiments (1. Garde andFAR nr. FII) was part of an Artillere-Brigade, Such a brigade
‘consisted of a FAR, an Ersatz-Abreifung (replacement unit) and
fone Festungs Artillerie Regiment (fortress artillery), and the
brigade staff
The Feld Arillerie Regiment itse consisted of the regimental
staff, the four Adteifungen, and a Kolonnen Abteilung carrying
‘ammunition.
A Fuss Abteilung with four batteries had a staff made up of Lstatf
officer, 1 “Lieutenant” (adjutant), 1 NCO, 15 “horse doctors"
(lower grade vets, each with ahorse, and divided among the units as
required), 4 Tramsoldaten, one 2-horse wagon and 8 horses.
A.6 pounder driving battery was made up of 4 officers
Hauptmann (Captain), 1 Premier-Lieutenant and 2 Sekonde-
Lieuterants; amd 145 men ~ 14 NCOs, 2 trumpeters, 6 Obergef-
reite, 9 Gefreite (corporals and lance-corporals), and 114 Kano-
nieré. In addition there was a Lazarett-gehuelfe (medical orderly),
a Sattler (Saddler), and 4 Trainsoldaten. It had nine 6-horse
vehicles, one 2-horse Packwagen and 126 horses (including 6
officers” horses).
‘A-4 pounder driving battery had the same personnel as the 6
pounder unit (except for 6 fewer Kanonicre). It had 10 vehicles
(including a Pzckwagen) and 124 horses (including 6 for officers).
‘Thestaffofa Reitende Abteilung wasasthat ofa Fuss Abteilung.
44 pounder horse battery had 4 officers, 143 men (12 NCOs, 2
trumpeters, 6 Obergefreite, 9 Gefreite and 114 Kanoniere, in
addition a medical orderly, 2 saddlers, 4 Train-soldaten, with 9
vehicles, a Packwagen and 207 horses (including 12 for officers)
Each battery had 6 guns, and 6 limbered 2-whecled ammunition
wagons. Guns were pulled by 6 horses
‘A Kolonnen-Abteilung consisted of the staff and 9 Kolonnen
(columns). The staff consisted of: one staff officer, one Lieutenant
(adjutant), one Fauerwerker to oversee the ‘ammunition (a
specialist in ammunition, etc.), one NCO as Schreiber (cletk), one
Kanonier, 5 Trainsoldaten, one 2-horse Equipagewagen and one
horse Trainwagen, and 13 horses,
The 1, 2and 3 Artillerie- Munitions-Kolonne with C/42 vehicles
had 2 officers and 87 men, 24 vehicles, 162. horses, one medical
orderly, one saddler and 79 Trainsoldaie
Thed and 5 Artllerie-Munitions-Kolonne with C/16 vehicles had
the same establishment as the 1-3 Koloanen,
‘The 1, 2, 3 and 4 Infanterie-Munitions-Kolonne exch had 2
officers ‘and 87 men, one medical orderly, one saddler, 92
Trainsoidaten, with 27 vehicles (including 24 cartridge wagons,
Patronenwagen) and 188 horses. The cartridge wagons carried
ammunition for both the infantry and the cavalry.
In addition to these Kofonnen, during a larger campaign or when
circumstances required it, Reserve-Munitions-Kolonnen with 32
vehicles per Kolonne could be set up.
‘The doctors attached to the FAR were part of the staff of the
regiment,
‘The Ersatz Abteilung, which had a staff, ewo foot and one horse
batteries, would be retained under the authority of the fortress
artillery regiments’ commander, who would also bein charge of the
immobile artillery of the relevant Armeckorps
‘This appears to confirm that an Avtillerie-Brigade was attached
to each Armeekorps in wartime. Certainly the field artillery
‘component of a brigade, a FAR, made up the number of batteries
in an Armeekorps with two infantry divisions each division would
have two 4 pounder and two 6 pounder batteries, and the Corps
artillery would have two each of 4 and 6 pounder batteries. The
‘cavalry division and Corps artillery would each have 1 or 2 horse
batteries, as considered appropriate
Some Comments for Wargamers
‘When using the artillery at long ranges the wargamer should bearin
‘mind that firing was now taking place at distances such that the
nnaked eye was unable toobserve accurately he effectof the fire and
difficulty might be experienced in aiming the guns, and that optical
instruments were not yet as effective as they later became. A rules
writer could infact make any number of rules concerning visibility
ete. in his sytem, although the whole thing could become too
complicated eventually.
‘The maximum range for high trajectory fire using the smaller
charges is stated in one source to have been 2,000 metres.
FA
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Some allowance should be made in aset of morale reaction rules
concerning units under fire for situations in which French wnits are
under fire from 6 pounders at longer ranges, where the 6 pounders
hhad a somewhat greater moral effect than 4 pounders,
‘A final point of interest concerns the direction taken by the
various pieces of ashell after ithas exploded. One source states that
there was potential danger zone of 450 metres beyong the point of
impact, the same source (Witte) also states that in the event of a
shell landing short ofa target, depending on its distance from the
target, the pieces created by the explosion might well fly over the
target altogether (and presumably create danger for a unit further
along the path of the pieces’ flight). This isan interesting question,
‘which might warrant further investigation, suggesting both a wide
variety of consequences for targets more oF les distant from a shell
burst according to the type of ground they are occupying, and the
‘dea that the greatest danger exists for someone further from the
gun than the point of impact of the shel
Conclusion
‘These two articles have hopefully assisted wargamers in recreating
1870-71, (At least those with German armies!) Although the
doctrine presented in the first article represents Prussian thought,
‘other contingents’ methods differed only in small details, so the
‘wargamer can safely use his Bavarians etc. to these principles.
Sources Used
‘LN, Dupuy, A Genius for War- The German Army and General
‘Staff 1807-1945 (London 1977)
W, Witte, Die gezogenen feldgeschuetze C161, C164 und C6467
1870/71 (Krefeld 1971). This was an expanded version of an 1867
Publication which included material on 1870-71
Friedens- und Kriegsformation der preussisehen Artilerie (in-
cluded in the Witte reprint, originally in Heerwesen und Infanter-
iedienst der Koniglich Preussischen Armee Berlin 1869)
‘Various individual references from articlesin several editions ofthe
annual Deutsches Soldatenjahrbuch,ginnings of the Scimitar War Games Group’s
SEVEN one WAR CAMPAIGN2»
SEVEN YEARS WAR VILLAGES
by Pete Duckworth
Inspired by the new range of Front Rank figures my foal cub
(Scimitar Wargames group in Coventry) has finally laumehed is
long held plas to do the SYW, [took onthe task of producing the
Prussians (Huston of grdtness perhaps?) Ths gave me abit ofa
problem since, at that time, it was 3 months before the planned
Felerse of the fist Front Rank Prussians, I decided it would be a
food chance to get a start on the terrain. Afterall, wll need a
Siesin to conquer!
Extensive fighting in and around villages is quite feature of
SYW battles. ‘They were extensively used to guard flanks and
impede movement. ‘Sometimes. as at Leuthen, (where the
chichyard was the scene of vicious combat) they became a critical
feature of defensive postions,
‘Assclub we looked wround for commercially availabe buildings.
expecting to find lots of useable Napoleonic bits, We were sadly
disappointed. Unless you are wiling to. put up with various
buildings from Waterioo there's hardly thing available in 23mm at
the moment
Why Village Units?
‘The four main features to be bome in mind were as follows:
1. Solidity of Construction —since the gear for our club nights has
to be taken there and back each week
2. Flexibility ~ it's handy if a variety of sizes of w
represented
Visibility its rather a shame to hide carefully painted figures
off-table as soon as they enter close terrain
4, Size in a SYW game two oF three villages might well be used
‘on.’ 4 table, Unless the villages are small there won't he much
space left for the game!
The solution to these problems was to group buildings together
fon a base. Fach base was to provide space for infantry units in
‘gardens’ to the tear,
‘AL Scimitar our SYW infantry are organised in units of 12,
‘consisting of three bases each with 30mm frontage and 40mm
‘depth. Skirmishers have only two figures on each base instead of
four. Thus each unit takes up an area 342" by 1A!
‘After some discussion in the club it was agreed to produce village
units each of 12" 9”: anything smaller really couldn't cope with a
group of buildings and figures,
Each base was to have 2-3 buildings (depending on size) and
enough garden space for 23 units. Each area for troops was to be
clearly defined with picket fencing, hedges and trees. This should
allow units to be placed on and so look as if they are defending the
village
‘These bases can be variously arranged to allow different layouts
and sizes of village, (See accompat
‘Construction
Since the buildings had to be small to fit our needs it made sense to
build to.a 20mm rather than a true 25mm scale, Itis easy anyway for
‘true-scale buildings to appear unreasonably large on a wargames
table. In the same way wargames’ trees are invariably under scale.
This also meant that at least some of the buildings could be
railway modelling plastic kits. Faller a German company) are an
‘obvious choice. Their Church and chapel kits add a continental fee!
‘with a minimum of modelling effort. A few other kits were also used
including the “Wills' village forge and barn
set about producing my own buildings based on deseriptions in
Dully’s Frederick the Great: a Military Life (see especially p.99)
and line drawings in various publications. The general picture of
Germany and Poland around this time seems to show villages of
small wattle and daub buildings, usually whitewashed and
thatched. Occasionally stone walls and red tiles are in evidence:
e can be
For ease of construction and solidity, especialy to protect more
fragile plastic buildings, I decided to use solid blocks of wood for
the soratch-built buildings. Given an appropriately sized block of
‘wood each pair of buildings can be made using frst four saw cuts,
(See the accompanying diagram.) This work does not need to be
Very accurate in size or exact shape, since variety gives a more
rambling, rural “feel”. Do try to make sure that each building has @
‘200d fat base through
Both Linka and Wills produce useful doors and windows, Linka
plastic windows even come with continental style shutters. Others
‘can be obtained from various fantasy ranges (keep your eyes open
at shows!) and Prince August even produce a mould for a large
‘wooden door.
A selection of such doors, windows and shutters were glued onto
the wooden blocks. Talso added some chimney pots, butthese were
pretty rare, judging by the illustrations I found. A few buttresses
were also added for a more permanent look
‘The buildings were then plastered with tetrion. When dry I
painted this a dull groy-brown, highlighted with grey and white. 1
used a sponge for this, daubing on a little ata time. The windows
and doors were then painted
Next thatch was added in the form of plumber’s felt soaked in a
‘wet tetrion mix and then combed out, (The Tan Weekley method.)
‘Thatch was also added to some of the plastic kits to maintain @
uniform appearance
With painting completed it was then time to glue the buildings
‘onto the hardboard bases. PVA wood glue gives the strongest
bond. Strips of fencing were then added to mark out the garden
areasin wargames unitsized spaces, Mostly used Wills-Rusticand
Picket fencing’ for this. Merit “Wattle fencing’ and Irregular
lashed Hedging’ were also used. The fencing was then painted ~
‘mostly in white
‘The trees and bushes were made from rubberised horsehair glued.
‘onto a piece of dowel and sprayed black. These were then painted
with wood glue and Linka scenic material (granulated cork)
sprinkled on for leaves. Various oddments ~bits of weed, barrels,
chests, farm implements, etc. were added to give it that “lived i
Took. Even a set of tombstones (a Langley railway modelling kit)
‘were glued on for a ‘died in’ look!
Each terrain unit was finished off with our normal figure basing
material (Polyfilla Woodflex coloured with sand-coloured house
paint) and dry brushed, For the green effect, grass (sawdust mixed
‘with green housepaint) was attached with woodglue
Finally the whole of each village unit was sprayed with a matt
feat ae
i + =
el 7 a
standard village Hamlet Large Vilage
Photos on preceding pages: 18 (top) Front Rank Figurines 25mm Hanoverian infantry painted by Scimitar Wargames Groups top
brushoman, Gary Broom (no pun intended!!). Fortress wall built by Pete Smith & Tom Evans
18 (below): Front Rank Hanoverians here converted to Prossian IRI9, marching through a village. (Englisher architect: Pete
Duckworth.) Gossiping crones: Citadel. Animals: Irregular.
19 (top): on the village green: Austrian Dragoon Regiment Wurttemberg ~ at least 2 squadron of them —and a battalion gun, Figures:
Front Rank. Gun: RAFM.
19 (below): French Regiment of Horse Poly St. Thielbaud clater through the village. Front Rank Figurines painted by Richard Madder.
Livestock again from Irregular.FRONT
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