MODULE III
I. THE LODGING OPERATIONS AND PRINCIPLES
II. CONTENT SUMMARY
This module covers the hotel qualifications, standards, variation, ownership and
affiliation of lodging operation and its principles. Wherein it discussed various types of
classification used in the hospitality industry for their daily operation.
III. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module the student should:
1. Discuss the different types of lodging accommodations
2. Discuss the hotel classification and standard requirements
3. Discuss the different styles and locations of the hotel
4. Discuss the hotel ownership and affiliation
IV. LECTURE NOTES
Hotel classifications and standard requirements
The following are the minimum requirements for the operation of a hotel in the
Philippines for the purpose of accreditation and as hereby classified by the tourism in the
following categories, namely;
a) De Luxe Class
b) First Class
c) Standard Class
d) Economy Class
Hotel classification Room size, Facilities Hotel Facilities Hotel Services
and other Services
Rooms are at Function/conference Porter
least twenty-five facilities Foreign language
(25) sq. meters. Swimming pool Mailing
De Luxe Class Private bathroom Tennis, golf, squash Long
with bathtub and or Gym Facilities Distance/overseas
shower and 24- Live entertainment calls
hour running hot Barber shop, beauty Left Ingrate and
and cold water
Telephone parlor and sundry safety deposit
Radio and shop boxes
television DOT – accredited Telex and
Cold drinking Travel Agency/Tour facsimile
water Counter Laundry and dry
In-room cleaning
refrigerator and Parking/valet
well stocked services
mini-bar Medical services
24-room service Business center
Limousine
service, Airport
Transfers
available 24
hours
Room are at Function/conference Porter
least twenty-five facilities Foreign exchange
(25) sq. meters Swimming pool Mailing
First Class Private bathroom Tennis, golf, squash Long distance/
with bathtub or gym facilities or overseas calls
and/or shower a tie-up with in the Left luggage and
and 24 hour vicinity of the hotel safety deposit
running hot and Live entertainment boxes
cold water Barber shop, beauty Telex and
Telephone parlor and sundry facsimile
Radio, television shop Laundry and dry
or pipe-in music DOT accredited cleaning
Cold drinking travel agency/ tour Parking/valet
water counter services
24-hour room Limousine
service service, airport
transfer
*available 24
hours
Room at least Sundry shop Porter
eighteen (18) sq. Foreign exchange
meter Mailing
Standard class Private bathroom Long distance /
with shower and overseas calls
24-hour cold Telex
running water Laundry and dry
and hot water at cleaning by
selected hours arrangement
Telephone Parking
Cold drinking 24-hour medical
water services
Room service Airport transfers
Rooms are at Porter
least (18) sq. Mailing
meter Long distance/
Economy class Private bathroom overseas calls
with shower and Telex
24-hour cold Laundry and dry
running water cleaning by
and hot water at arrangement
selected hours Medical services
Cold drinking upon request
water
Room service
CLASSIFICATION and STAR RATINGS of HOTELS in FOREIGN COUNTRIES
With so many different types of hotels available, it is difficult to compare price
and standard between them. Star ratings symbolize the level of service, range facilities and
quality of guest care that you can expect.
The star rating system in foreign country is the subject of much debate. There is a
great deal of confusion, particularly for those based overseas, since a number of different
organizations rate hotels, and the criteria are not always the same. The English Tourism Board in
foreign countries presented the qualification by harmonizing star rating system. Hotels are
required to meet progressively higher standard as they move up the scale from one to five stars.
Star rating Requirements
Practical accommodation with limited
range of facilities and services, but a high
standard of cleanliness throughout.
Friendly and courteous staff to give you
One star the help and information you need to
enjoy your stay.
Restaurants/ eating area open to you and
your guests for breakfast and dinner.
Alcoholic drinks will be served in a bar or
lounge.
75% of bedrooms will en-suite or private
facilities
(in addition to what is provided at One Star)
Good overnight accommodation with
more comfortable bedrooms, better
equipped all with en-suite or private
Two Star facilities and color TV.
A relatively straight forward range
services, including food and drink and a
personal style of service.
A restaurant/dining room for breakfast
and dinner
A lift is normally available.
(in addition to what is provided at Two Star)
Possibly larger establishments, but all
offering significantly greater quality and
range of facilities and services, and
Three Star usually more spacious public areas and
bedrooms
A more formal style of service with a
receptionist on duty and staff responding
well areas and bedrooms.
A more formal style of service with a
receptionist on duty and staff responding
well to you needs and requests.
Room service of continental breakfast
Laundry service available
A wide selection of drinks, light lunch and
snacks served in a bar or lounge.
(in addition to what is provided at One, Two
and Three Stars)
Accommodation offering superior comfort
Four Star and quality; all bedrooms with en-suite
bath, fitted overhead shower and water
closet.
The hotel spacious and very well
appointed public areas and will put a
strong emphasis on food and drink
Staff will have very good technical and
social skills, anticipating and responding
to your needs and requests.
Room service of all meals and 24-hour
drink, refreshments and snacks.
Dry cleaning service available
(in addition to what is provided in One, Two,
Three, Four Star)
A spacious, luxurious establishment
offering you to the highest international
quality of accommodation, facilities,
services and cuisine.
Five Star It will have striking accommodation
throughout, with a range of extra
facilities.
You will feel very well cared for by
professional, attentive and staff providing
flawless guest services.
A hotel that fits the highest international
standards for the industry, with an air of
luxury, exceptional comfort and
sophisticated ambience.
Style and Location of Hotels
Hotels are generally classified by their style and location. Each classification is geared to
specific clientele. Several companies classify hotels according to amenities and services by using
a star system. The more stars, the more luxurious the hotel. For the most part, classifications can
way within each type of hotel style. However, it is rare for budget to attain extremely high
ratings, because they do not have the amenities necessary for higher classifications.
Resort Hotels
Resort hotels are frequently by the customer on vacation. They may feature amenities that
will permit their clientele to relax and have fun. Popular amenities may include: spas, pools,
beach or mountain locations on-site kids’ activities, restaurants, pool bars and babysitting
services. Concierge are often available to help patrons find restaurants or book sightseeing tours.
Patrons often stay a week or more. Resort hotels, because of their many amenities, often attain
high star ratings.
Airport Hotels
Airport hotels are designed to have clean rooms and are booked because of their close
proximity to the airport. Often, they offer shuttles to and from the airport. Many airport hotels
offer business amenities and restaurants for guests? Airport hotels may have a high turnover of
guests staying for short duration of time, and are often located cities.
Casino Hotels
casino hotels are unique because they provide preferential gamble. Guests who spend
enough time or money at the casinos can receive complimentary rooms and dining. Casino hotels
are often luxurious and offer full-service restaurants, indoor shopping, pools and finest facilities.
These hotels offer plenty of night life including shows, dance clubs and comedians. Sometimes
they are located in recent areas. Star ratings are based on amenities, location and room quality.
Economy Hotels
Economy hotels provided limited at reasonable rates. Sometimes, economy hotels
provide guests with a complimentary continental breakfast. Economy hotels in resort areas may
be of the beaten path, or in slightly less desirable location. Economy hotels offer basic room
accommodations, and many do not have full service on-site restaurants. More recently, some
economy hotels have adjacent chain restaurants within walking distance, often sharing the same
pacing kit.
Conference Centers and Commercial Hotels
Conference centers and commercial hotels are designed for business clientele.
Conference centers feature multi-purpose rooms that can accommodate seminars and business
programs. They have banquet facilities that can serve and accommodate large parties, and also
offer equipment and acoustics suitable for speakers and visual presentations. Some conference
centers and commercial hotels are located in recent areas, but they still focus on the business
needs of clients and companies.
Suite Hotels
Suite hotel appeal to business people that refers a separate work space or families that
want one room, yet also want some room separation for children. They often feature multiple
rooms, and may have a pull-out bed in addition to the main sleeping area. Suite hotels have a
broad range of amenities, and can be classified as high as a luxury hotel, or as a basic economy
hotel, depending on the location and the services offered.
TYPES of RESTAURANTS
Various types of restaurants fall into several industry classifications based upon
menu style, preparation methods and pricing. Additionally, how the food is served to the
customer helps to determine the classification.
Fast food
Fast casual
Casual dining
Family style
Fine dining
VARIATION of RESTAURANTS
Most of these establishments can be considered subtypes of the fast casual dining
restaurants or casual dining restaurants.
Brasserie and Bistro
Buffet and Smorgasbord
Café
Cafeteria
Coffeehouse
Destination and restaurants
Tabletop cooking
Mongolian barbecue
Pub
Teppanyaki-style
HOTEL OWNERSHIP and AFFILIATION
Many guests have an affinity with a particular group or chain of hotels and being always
seek out an establishment in which they feel the surroundings are familiar. A chain of hotels
generally refers to a number of operations that belong to the same organization.
International Corporate Hotels
These large chains which almost household words in the hotel and entering
industry (e.g. Hilton, holiday Inns, InterCon and Marriot). Some of the groups are
a combination of company-owned, franchised and management contract
operations. While others were entirely owned by an individual or a company.
Their main features include standardization of service, facilities and price, and
may chains endeavor to operate a hotel in most capitals in the word.
Major National Hotel Companies
The other foreign has its share of international hotels and many of the major
national hotel companies are equally well known all over the world. This sector of
the trade is increasingly dominated by the breweries, which have expanded into
the hotel business over the last few years.
Small Hotel Groups
Not all of hotels are large or widely dispersed. Some companies own a group that
may consist of no more than four or five hotels, and they may be confined to a
particular region or country.
Independent Hotels
These are units which are privately owned or independent of any company. Many
guests enjoy staying at an establishment of this nature because of the individuality
of the operation. The countries the guest must find another hotel which suits them
and other for their needs. Boutique hotels are often independent hotels. These
hotels offer the guest a unique experience.
Hotel Consortium
this system overcomes the disadvantage referred to above since it provides a way
for independently owned hotels to affiliate themselves to one another without
surrendering their individuality. The advantages to the hotel include shared
advertising costs, bulk purchasing and a referral of bookings, and to the guest a
standardizing of quality. Examples of hotel consortiums are small luxury hotels of
the world and preferred hotels and resorts.
HOTEL MANAGEMENT and its PRINCIPLES
Management
is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives
using available resources efficiently and effectively.
Hotel management
is the executive level of a hotel. This management position will oversee al aspects
of running a hotel. This will be in the form of the hotel, housekeeping, restaurant,
meetings, etc.
hospitality management concept
is translated into functions lead to the creation of a cohesive hotel organization.
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Directing/leading
4. Controlling
5. Staffing
Hotel Innovation of Principles of Management
1. Division of work
Work should be divided among individuals and groups to ensure that effort and
attention are focused on special portions of the task.
2. Authority and responsibility
Involves being accountable, and therefore naturally associated with authority.
Whoever assumes authority also assumes responsibility.
3. Discipline
A successful organization requires the common effort of workers. Penalties
should be applied judiciously to encourage this common effort.
4. Unity of command
Workers should receive orders from only one manager.
5. Unity of direction
the entire organization should be moving towards a common objective in a
common direction.
6. Subordination of individual interests to the general interests
The interest of one person should not take priority over the interests of the
organization as a whole.
7. Renumeration
many variables, such as cost of living supply qualified personnel, general business
conditions, and success of the business, should be considered in determining a
worker’s rate of pay
8. Centralization
Lowering the importance of the subordinate role.
9. Scalar chain
A chain like authority scale which necessary for the organization to be successful.
It is the level of their work activities inside the organization.
10. Order
for the sake of efficiency and coordination, all materials and people related to a
specific kind of work should be treated as equally as possible.
11. Equality
All employees should be treated as equally as possible.
12. Stability of tenure of personnel
Retaining productive employees should always be a high priority of management.
13. Initiative
Management should take steps to encourage workers initiative which defined as
new or additional work activity undertaken through self direction.
14. Esprit de corps
Management should encourage harmony and general good feelings among
employees.
FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR
Known as the father of scientific management.
VI. TEACHING METHODS AND ACTIVITIES
Online Lecture
Online Discussion
Quizzes
Quiz 2.
In your LMS the Quiz 2 is posted. Submit your output to your instructors. email account or
messenger. Kindly submit on or before the deadline.
VII. ASSESSMENT
Quiz
Recitation
Class participation
