International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE)

ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-4 Issue-4, September 2014

Design and Implementation of Practical Induction

Heating Cooker
A. K. M. Al-Shaikhli, Amanoeel Thomas Meka

Abstract — Induction heating is a famous technology and very The demand for better quality, safe and less energy
usually used for cooking appliances because of its high-energy consuming products is rising. Products include rice cookers
efficiency. This paper presents a practical design procedure for and pans. Safe, efficient and quick heating appliances attract
small induction heating devices. Also, we model the magneto
more customers. Induction cooking has become of
thermal phenomena of the system by a finite element method
(FEM) to determine the temperature evolution in the bottom of the widespread use because of some specific features such as
pan, taking into account the nonlinearity of the system. safety, heating speed and efficiency. These are mainly due to
the induction cooking working principle, which is based on
Index Terms— Finite element method, magneto thermal devices,
local heating generated by eddy current at the bottom of the
a.c. resistance, metallic object.
pan. New types of manufacturing processes have made it
possible to obtain multi-layer vessel structures, enjoying a
I. INTRODUCTION
very efficient heating behavior. The main goal of this
In common, induction heating is a contactless technique of technology is to achieve a uniform cooking temperature and a
generating heat energy in a conductive material by producing high magnetic coupling[5].Beside several advantages there
eddy current losses in the work piece from an external are still some issues such as high cost and power consumption.
variable high-frequency power source. Over the last ten years, Research efforts up to now have consisted on one hand in
induction cooking is much used, because of its advantages [1] optimizing the induction system, looking for new layouts of
compared to conventional heating system (resistance, gas, both inductor and vessel[6-10] and, on the other hand, in
etc...), in particular direct heating of pan without thermal optimizing the performance of the power supply
inertia. All induction heating (IH) applied systems are [11-13].Basically a domestic induction appliance consists of a
developed using electromagnetic induction which was first high frequency (HF) inductor, i.e. a copper Litz wire tape
discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831[2]. Electromagnetic placed below the cooking surface, and a metallic vessel,
induction refers to the phenomenon by which electric current which may be made of different layers of magnetic stainless
is generated in a closed circuit by the fluctuation of current in steel and highly conductive materials like aluminum or copper.
another circuit placed next to it. The basic principle of The power electronic supply consists of ac/dc rectifier, a bus
induction heating, which is an applied form of Faraday’s filter, and a resonant inverter[8]. In resonant inverters
discovery, is the fact that AC current flowing through a circuit zero-voltage or zero-current switching are attained when the
affects the magnetic movement of a secondary circuit located R-L-C circuit, representing the induction system and the
near it[3]. The fluctuation of current inside the primary circuit matching capacitance, is resonating. In this condition power
provided the answer as to how the mysterious current is switching losses are minimized enabling high frequency
generated in the neighboring secondary circuit. Faraday’s operations, with limited size and cost of the device. In this
discovery led to the development of electric motors, framework the analysis of the equivalent impedance of the
generators, transformers, and wireless communications coupled inductor-vessel system becomes mandatory in order
devices[4]. Its application, however, has not been flawless. to obtain an optimal design of supply systems[14].
Heat loss, which occurs during the electromagnetic induction
process, was a major headache undermining the overall II. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND SENSITIVITY
functionality of a system. This heat loss, could be turned into CALCULATION
productive heat energy in an electric heating system. Many
industries have benefited from this new breakthrough by A. Review Stage
implementing induction heating for furnacing, quenching, and Submit your manuscript electronically for review. The subject
welding. In these applications, induction heating has made it under consideration is a small induction heating cooker which
easier to set the heating parameters without the need of an is a coupled problem with a quasi static magnetic field and a
additional external power source. This substantially reduces steady-state heat conduction. The governing equations of this
heat loss while maintaining a more convenient working coupled problem are as follows[5]:
environment. Absence of any physical contact to heating
devices precludes unpleasant electrical accidents. High (1)
energy density is achieved by generating sufficient heat
energy within a relatively short period of time.

Manuscript Received on September 2014. (2)

Prof. Dr. A. K. M. Al-Shaikhli, Department of Electrical Engineering,
UniversityofTechnology,Baghdad,Iraq.
Amanoeel Thomas Meka, Department of Electrical Engineering, is the magnetic vector potential and
University of Technology ,Baghdad ,Iraq.

Published By:
73 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
& Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd.
 Design and Implementation of Practical Induction Heating Cooker

is the source current density.

is the temperature and

,is the magnetic permeability, conductivity, and
thermal conductivity, respectively.
is the heat source, which can be calculated by the induced
eddy current. The finite element discretization is applied to
both electromagnetic and heat systems and produces the linear
system matrices. Note that the heat conduction system has the
mixed convection boundary condition[5, 15]:

(3)
Figure 1: Block Diagram of Proposed Induction
h: is the heat transfer coefficient
Cooker by Proteus 8 Professional Software
The design sensitivity of the induction heating device is
calculated using both electromagnetic and thermal system
equations [5, 16]:

The objective function F is defined as[5]

Where is the desired temperature at node and

is the actual temperature at that node.

III. INDUCTION COOKER: DESIGN AND WORKING Figure 2: Pic16F628A Hardware Circuit
PRINCIPLE
The simulation is done by Proteus 8 Professional software as
shown in Figure (1) and the manufactured system as shown in
Figure (2, 3, and 4). The induction cooker is a modern electric
cooker that uses the electromagnetic induction principle to
heat vessels. The induction cooker coil consists 25 turn. This
work project includes the induction cooker. The process work
is divided into the following sections :
1- The input power 220 V AC is converted to DC voltage
value as shown in Figure (5).
2- The control circuit consists from microcontroller
(16f628A)[17] as shown in Figure (2) which is run by a
voltage 5V DC through 7805 and is used to generate a
Figure 3: IR2110 driver Circuit
signal of the pulse width modulation (PWM) for the
purpose of controlling to input voltages to the induction
cooker, the value of output voltage from microcontroller
5V DC but this voltage is not enough in this case needed
the driver circuit to amplify this voltage.
3- The Driver circuit consists of (IR2110) [18] as shown in
Figure (3) this circuit used to control and amplify the
input voltage in power transistor circuit from (5V to 30
V) this voltage enough to control of the IGBT circuit.
4- IGBT circuit[19] as shown in Figure (4) is high voltage
circuit used to control the input voltage for induction
cooker by pulse width modulation (PWM).

Figure 4: IGBT High Voltage Circuit

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
74 & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd.
 International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE)
ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-4 Issue-4, September 2014

IV. SIMULATION AND RESULTS

The simulation is done by Proteus 8 Professional software.
Figure 5represents conversation of the 220 volts AC to DC
voltage, as the DC source circuit, because the circuit operates
primarily on DC by IGBT.

Figure 7-a: The Voltage Change on IGBT Terminals

Figure 5: The Conversation of the 220 Volts , AC to

the DC Voltage

Figure 7-b: The Voltage Change on IGBT Terminals

V. CONCLUSIONS
Nowadays Induction heating for cooking applications is
quickly gaining popularity. Induction cooking technology not
Figure 6-a: The Output Signals from Microcontroller
only offers the advantage of having a better efficiency
Figure 6(a &b) represents is the all signals signal 1 represents conversion compared to the standard solutions (Gas and
the output signal from microcontroller and signal 2 is the electric stoves), but also offers the advantages of rapid
same as the signal 1 but amplified because the output signal heating, local spot heating, direct heating, high power density,
from microcontroller 5 volt and we need 15-30 volt to operate high reliability, low running cost and non-acoustic noise. In
the IGBT. Therefore we must use the driver AC circuit for this paper a practical design procedure for the small induction
production. The signal 3 is the voltage on IGBT terminals. heating cooker is proposed. Good simulation results can be
The figures 7 (a&b) represents the voltage changing on IGBT obtained for induction cooker by using the simple model
terminals by change the input signal use the pulse width presented here. This model was designed to be a learning tool
modulation (PWM). to give those unfamiliar with induction cooker an opportunity
to experiment with such a circuit. The system proposed
consist of four circuits such as ( power supply , IGBT circuit
, control circuit and driver circuit), these circuits made on the
input voltage and rectified it to running the coil which
generating the magnetic field. This field induces an electric
current in the pot. Current flowing in the metal pot produces
resistive heating which heats the food. The control circuit by
using microcontroller (16F628A) which used to generate a
signal of the Plus Width Modulation (PWM) for the purpose
of controlling the input voltages of coil. The IGBT is the
circuit of high voltage which is used to control of input
voltage entering of coil and be controlled by PWM and input
Figure 6-b: The Voltage Change on IGBT Terminals voltages.

Published By:
75 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
& Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd.
 Design and Implementation of Practical Induction Heating Cooker

REFERENCES
[1] A. Z. A. Kansab, M. Feliachi,, "Modeling and optimization of
induction cooking by the use of magneto-thermal finite element
analysis and genetic algorithms,," FEE Engineering Springer, vol. 7 (3)
(2012) 312-317., 2012.
[2] P. J. H. J. Acero, J.M. Burdio, R. Alonso, L.A. Barragan,, "Simple
resistance calculation in Litz-Wire planar windings for induction
cooking appliances," IEEE Trans. on Magnetics 41 (4) (2005)
1280-1288., 2005.
[3] A. K. Z. Oudni, H. Mohellebi, M. Feliachi,, "Finite elements modelling
of Ferromagnetic plate induction heating control using curie
temperature," IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field
Computation CEFC, Athens, Greece, 2008,, 2008.
[4] J. C. s. Y. Duterrail, Ph.masse and J.L. coulomb, "Non- Linear
Complex Finite Element Analysis of Electromagnetic Field in
Steady-State AC Devices," IEEE Trans. On Magnetics, Vol.Mag-20,
no.4, 1984.
[5] K. C. J.K. Byun, H.S. Roh, S.Y. Hahn, "Optimal design procedure for a
practical induction heating cooker," IEEE Trans. Mag. 36 (4) (2000)
1390-1393., 2000.
[6] H.-C. C. a. K.-H. Huang, "Finite element analysis of coupled
electromagnetic and thermal fields within a practical induction heater,"
International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol.
28, pp. 413-427., 2008.
[7] U. Has, "Temperature control for food in pots on cooking hobs," IEEE
Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. vol. 46, issue 5, pp. 1030-1034,
1999.
[8] J. Acero et al, "Domestic induction appliances," IEEE Industry
Applications Magazine, pp. 39-47., 2010.
[9] S. K. G. Cerri, and V.M. Pimiani, "Modelling of Litz-wire planar
winding geometry for an accurate reactance evaluation," Sci. Meas.
Technol., vol. 4, issue 4, pp. 214-219., 2010.
[10] S. K. V.M. Primiani, and G. Cerri, "Rigorous electromagnetic model of
an induction cooking system," IET Sci. Meas. Technol., vol. 6, issue 4,
pp. 238-246, 2012.
[11] F. Forest et al, "Frequency-Synchronized Resonant Converters for the
Supply of Multiwinding Coils in Induction Cooking Appliances,"
IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, issue 1, pp. 441-452.,
2007.
[12] H. Sarnago et al, "Modulation Scheme for Improved Operation of a
RB-IGBT Based Resonant Inverter Applied to Domestic Induction
Heating," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, issue 5, pp.
2066-2073., 2013.
[13] O. Lucia et al, "Load-Adaptive Control Algorithm of Half-Bridge
Series Resonant Inverter for Domestic Induction Heating," IEEE Trans.
on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, issue 8, pp. 3106-3116., 2009.
[14] C. Carretero et al, "Temperature influence on equivalent impedance
and efficiency of inductor systems for domestic induction heating
appliances," Proc. of IEEE Applied Power Electronic Conference, pp.
153-158., 2007.
[15] J. G. Collier and J. R. Thome, "Convective Boiling and Condensation,
3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994.," 1994.
[16] I.-g. K. I.-h. Park, H.-B. Lee, K.-s. Lee, and S.-y. Hahn,, "Optimal
design of transient eddy current systems driven by voltage source,”"
IEEE Trans. on Magn., vol. 33, pp. 1624–1629, Mar. 1997., 1997.
[17] Microchip, "PIC16f628A Data Sheet 28/40/44-Pin Enhanced Flash
Microcontrollers. ," 2003.
[18] IR2110, "Data Sheet No. PD60147 rev.U," 2005.
[19] http://www.irf.com/product/_/N~1njchu#tab-tab1.

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
76 & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd.