Nat
ionalTex
til
eUni
ver
sit
y
B.
STex
til
eEngi
neer
ing
Pr
act
icalLabRepor
t
Cour
seCode:TE-
2113
Cour
seTi
tl
e:I
ntr
otoTex
til
eChemi
calPr
oces
sing
Pr
act
icalNo.
Ti
tl
eof Tostudytheeff
ectofvar
iousconcent
rat
ionofs
oft
eneron
Pract
ical handfeelof100% cot
tonfabr
ic.
St
udentName M.
Waqas
.Ak
ram
Regi
str
ati
on 18-
NTU-
0146
No.
Semes t
er/ GMD/
4th
Sec
tion/
Group
Dat
eof Sept
ember21,
2020
s
ubmiss
ion
Submi
tedt
o Dr
.Af
fans
ahb
Ti
tl
e:
Tos
tudyt
heef
fec
tofv
ari
ousc
onc
ent
rat
ionofs
oft
eneronhandf
eelof100% c
ott
on
f
abr
ic.
Abs
trac
t:
I
nthi
sex
per
imentdi
ff
erentc
onc
ent
rat
ionofs
oft
enerwasappl
i
edon100% c
ott
on
f
abr
icands
tudyt
heef
fec
toft
hes
evar
iousc
onc
ent
rat
ionsofs
oft
eneront
hehand
f
eeloff
abr
ic.I
nSampl
eA10g/
l,s
ampl
eB50g/
lands
ampl
eC80g/
lsof
tenerwas
us
ed.Thes
ampl
einwhi
chhi
ghes
tamountofs
oft
enerwasus
edi
twasmor
esof
tas
c
ompar
edt
oot
hers
ampl
es.
1.I
ntr
oduc
tion:
Tex
til
emat
eri
alsar
esubj
ect
edt
omanypr
oces
sesdur
ingt
het
rans
for
mat
ionoff
iber
t
ofabr
icanddur
ingt
hemanuf
act
ureoft
hef
inalpr
oduc
t.Dur
ingt
hemanys
tages
f
iber
sunder
go,t
heymaybe damaged and i
nsomec
asesnat
uralf
atsmaybe
r
emov
edf
rom t
hef
iber
sres
ult
ingi
nhar
shandundes
ir
abl
ehandl
e.Ther
est
orat
ionof
as
ati
sf
act
oryhandl
ecan beac
hiev
ed t
hrough t
headdi
ti
on ofs
uit
abl
echemi
cal
c
ompounds
.Wi
thc
hemi
cals
oft
ener
s,t
ext
il
esc
anac
hiev
eanagr
eeabl
e,s
ofthand,
s
omes
moot
hnes
s,mor
efl
exi
bil
i
tyandbet
terdr
apeandpl
i
abi
l
ity
.Ot
herpr
oper
ti
es
i
mpr
ovedbys
oft
ener
sinc
ludet
hef
eel
i
ngofaddedf
ull
nes
s,ant
is
tat
icpr
oper
ti
esand
s
ewabi
l
ity
.Di
sadv
ant
agess
omet
imess
een,i
ncl
uder
educ
edc
roc
kfas
tnes
s,y
ell
owi
ng
ofwhi
tegoods
,changei
nhueofdy
edgoodsandf
abr
ics
truc
tur
esl
i
ppage.
Sof
tener
spr
ovi
det
hei
rmai
nef
fec
tont
hes
urf
aceoff
iber
s.Smal
lsof
tenermol
ecul
es,
i
n addi
ti
on penet
rat
ethef
iberandpr
ovi
dean i
nter
nalpl
ast
ici
zat
ion oft
hef
iber
f
ormi
ng pol
ymer by r
educ
ing t
he gl
asst
rans
it
ion t
emper
atur
e.The phy
sic
al
ar
rangementofs
oft
enermol
ecul
eson f
ibers
urf
acedependson i
oni
cnat
ureof
s
oft
ener
.Cat
ioni
csof
tener
sor
ientt
hems
elv
eswi
tht
hei
rpos
it
ivel
ychar
ged ends
t
owar
dspar
ti
all
ynegat
ivel
ychar
ged f
iber
s,c
reat
ing new s
urf
ace ofhy
drophobi
c
c
arbonc
hai
nst
hatpr
ovi
deex
cel
lents
oft
eni
ngandl
ubr
ici
ty.Ani
oni
csof
tener
s,ont
he
ot
herhandor
ientt
hems
elv
eswi
tht
hei
rnegat
ivel
ychar
gedendsr
epel
ledawayf
rom
t
henegat
ivel
ychar
gedf
ibers
urf
ace.Thi
sleadst
o hi
gherhy
drophobi
ci
tybutl
ess
s
oft
eni
ng.
Theai
m oft
hisex
per
imenti
stoappl
yvar
iousc
onc
ent
rat
ionofs
oft
eneron100%
c
ott
onf
abr
ic.Andaf
terdr
yingat1200Candc
urngat1500Cs
i tudyt
hec
hangei
n
handf
eeloff
abr
ic.
2.Mat
eri
alsandMet
hods
:
2.
1Mat
eri
als
:
● 100% c
ott
onf
abr
ic
● Si
l
icons
oft
ener
● pH4-
5
● Ac
eti
cac
id
● Wat
er
2.
2Met
hods
:
Thr
ee s
ampl
es of 100% c
ott
on f
abr
ics wer
e t
aken. Ac
cor
ding t
o di
ff
erent
c
onc
ent
rat
ionofs
oft
enerr
eci
pewaspr
epar
edf
ort
hreedi
ff
erents
ampl
es.
Rec
ipef
ors
ampl
eA:
Si
l
iconSof
tener=10g/
l
pH=4-
5
Dr
yingTemper
at e=1200C
ur
Cur
ingTemper
at e=1500C
ur
Rec
ipef
ors
ampl
eB:
Si
l
iconSof
tener=50g/
l
pH=4-
5
Dr
yingTemper
at e=1200C
ur
Cur
ingTemper
at e=1500C
ur
Rec
ipef
ors
ampl
eC:
Si
l
iconSof
tener=80g/
l
PH=4-
5
Dr
yingTemper
at e=1200C
ur
Cur
ingTemper
at e=1500C
ur
Dy
eingpr
ocedur
e:
Rec
ipewaspr
epar
edf
oreac
hsampl
e.Sampl
eAwaspaddedwi
tht
hes
olut
ionhav
ing
10g/
lsi
l
icons
oft
ener
.Sampl
eBwaspaddedwi
tht
hes
olut
ionhav
ing50g/
lsi
l
icon
s
oft
ener
.Sampl
eCwaspaddedwi
tht
hes
olut
ionhav
ing80g/
lsi
l
icons
oft
ener
.Then
o
al
lthes
esampl
eswer
edr
iedons
tent
erat120Cf
or3mi
nut
es.Af
terdr
yingt
hes
e
s
ampl
eswer
ec edat150oCf
ur or2mi
nut
est
ofi
xthes
oft
eneront
hef
abr
ic.Then
handf
eelofal
lsampl
ewasc
hec
kedandc
ompar
edwi
theac
hot
her
.
Res
ult
sanddi
scus
sions
:
Whenwec
hec
kthehandf
eelbyr
ubbi
ngt
hes
ampl
esbet
weeni
ndexf
igur
eand
t
humbt
henwef
eelt
hatt
hef
abr
iconwhi
chs
oft
eneri
snotappl
i
edi
snots
ofti
tfeel
s
har
d.Sampl
eCwass
oft
estasc
ompar
edt
oal
lsampl
esbec
aus
eini
t80g/
lsof
tener
wasus
ed.Sampl
eBwasl
esswasasc
ompar
edt
osampl
eCbuti
twasmor
esof
tthen
s
ampl
eAbec
aus
eini
t50g/
lsi
l
icons
oft
enerwasus
ed.Sampl
eAwasl
esss
oftt
hen
Sampl
eBandCbutmor
esof
tthent
hes
ampl
ethati
swi
thouts
oft
ener
.
Sampl
eName Hand-
Feel
A Sl
i
ght
lys
oft
B Sof
tasc
ompar
edt
osampl
eA
C Mor
esof
tasc
ompar
edt
osampl
eAandB
Wi
thouts
oft
ener Har
dandhar
shamongal
lsampl
e
Conc
lus
ion:
Themor
eamountofs
il
ic
ons
oft
enerweappl
ythemor
esof
tthef
abr
icwi
l
lbec
ome.
Sof
tnes
soff
abr
ici
ncr
eas
ewi
tht
hei
ncr
eas
eint
hec
onc
ent
rat
ionofs
oft
eneri
nthe
s
olut
ioni
nwhi
chf
abr
ici
spadded.
