History of the United Nations

The name "United Nations", coined by United States President

Franklin D. Roosevelt was first used in the Declaration by United
Nations of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when
representatives of 26 nations pledged their Governments to
continue fighting together against the Axis Powers.

24 October 1945 || The United Nations officially

comes into existence
In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at
the United Nations Conference on International Organization to
draw up the United Nations Charter. Those delegates
deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the
representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom
and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States in
August-October 1944.
The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives
of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the
Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51
Member States.
The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October
1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the
Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and by a
majority of other signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on
24 October each year.
Overview
The United Nations is an international organization founded in
1945. It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The mission
and work of the United Nations are guided by the purposes and
principles contained in its founding Charter.
Due to the powers vested in its Charter and its unique
international character, the United Nations can take action on
the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as
peace and security, climate change, sustainable development,
human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health
emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production,
and more.

The UN also provides a forum for its members to express their

views in the General Assembly, the Security Council, the
Economic and Social Council, and other bodies and
committees. By enabling dialogue between its members, and by
hosting negotiations, the Organization has become a
mechanism for governments to find areas of agreement and
solve problems together.

The UN's Chief Administrative Officer is the Secretary-General.

The Secretary-General of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) is
the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six
principal organs of the United Nations. The Secretary-General
serves as the chief administrative officer of the United Nations.
The role of the United Nations Secretariat, and of the Secretary-
General in particular, is laid out by Chapter XV (Articles 97 to
101) of the United Nations Charter.
As of 2019, the Secretary-General is António Guterres, appointed
by the General Assembly on 13 October 2016. (Portugal)
2015 marked the 70th anniversary of the United Nations.
United Nations Headquarters in New York City.

Main Organs
The main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, the
Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the
Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the
UN Secretariat. All were established in 1945 when the UN was
founded.

General Assembly
The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking
and representative organ of the UN. All 193 Member States of
the UN are represented in the General Assembly, making it the
only UN body with universal representation. Each year, in
September, the full UN membership meets in the General
Assembly Hall in New York for the annual General Assembly
session, and general debate, which many heads of state attend
and address. Decisions on important questions, such as those on
peace and security, admission of new members and budgetary
matters, require a two-thirds majority of the General Assembly.
Decisions on other questions are by simple majority. The General
Assembly, each year, elects a GA President to serve a one-year
term of office.

Security Council
The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the UN
Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and
security. It has 15 Members (5 permanent and 10 non-
permanent members). Each Member has one vote. Under the
Charter, all Member States are obligated to comply with Council
decisions. The Security Council takes the lead in determining the
existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression. It calls
upon the parties to a dispute to settle it by peaceful means and
recommends methods of adjustment or terms of settlement. In
some cases, the Security Council can resort to imposing
sanctions or even authorize the use of force to maintain or
restore international peace and security. The Security Council
has a Presidency, which rotates, and changes, every month.
Daily programme of work of the Security Council
Subsidiary organs of the Security Council

Economic and Social Council

The Economic and Social Council is the principal body for
coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and
recommendations on economic, social and environmental
issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed
development goals. It serves as the central mechanism for
activities of the UN system and its specialized agencies in the
economic, social and environmental fields, supervising subsidiary
and expert bodies. It has 54 Members, elected by the General
Assembly for overlapping three-year terms. It is the United
Nations’ central platform for reflection, debate, and innovative
thinking on sustainable development.

Trusteeship Council
The Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 by the UN
Charter, under Chapter XIII, to provide international supervision
for 11 Trust Territories that had been placed under the
administration of seven Member States, and ensure that
adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-
government and independence. By 1994, all Trust Territories had
attained self-government or independence. The Trusteeship
Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994. By a
resolution adopted on 25 May 1994, the Council amended its
rules of procedure to drop the obligation to meet annually and
agreed to meet as occasion required -- by its decision or the
decision of its President, or at the request of a majority of its
members or the General Assembly or the Security Council.

International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of
the United Nations. Its seat is at the Peace Palace in the Hague
(Netherlands). It is the only one of the six principal organs of the
United Nations not located in New York (United States of
America). The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with
international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to
give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by
authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

Secretariat
The Secretariat comprises the Secretary-General and tens of
thousands of international UN staff members who carry out the
day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by the General
Assembly and the Organization's other principal organs. The
Secretary-General is chief administrative officer of the
Organization, appointed by the General Assembly on the
recommendation of the Security Council for a five-year,
renewable term. UN staff members are recruited internationally
and locally, and work in duty stations and on peacekeeping
missions all around the world. But serving the cause of peace in
a violent world is a dangerous occupation. Since the founding of
the United Nations, hundreds of brave men and women have
given their lives in its service.
Country City Organizations

Europe[edit]

 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty

Organization Preparatory Commission

 International Atomic Energy Agency

 Office for Outer Space Affairs

 United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

Austria Vienna  United Nations Industrial Development Organization

 United Nations Office at Vienna

 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

 United Nations Postal Administration

 United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic

Radiation

Denmark Copenhagen  Inter-Agency Procurement Services Office

 International Institute for Educational Planning

France Paris
 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild

Animals

Germany Bonn
 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Country City Organizations

 United Nations Volunteers

 United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for

Disaster Management and Emergency Response

 World Volunteer Web

 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

 International Fund for Agricultural Development

Rome
 UN System Network on Rural Development and Food Security

 World Food Programme

 Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics

Italy
Trieste  International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

 International Centre for Science and High Technology

 United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research

Institute

Turin
 International Training Centre of the ILO

 United Nations System Staff College

Malta Valletta  International Institute on Ageing

 International Court of Justice

 International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

Netherlands The Hague

 Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (working

relationship with United Nations)

Norway Oslo  United Nations Common Supplier Database

Country City Organizations

Spain Madrid  United Nations World Tourism Organization

Sweden Malmö  World Maritime University

Berne  Universal Postal Union

 Economic Commission for Europe

 Global Programme on Globalization, Liberalization and

Sustainable Human Development

 High Level Committee on Management

 High Level Committee on Programmes

 International Bureau of Education

 International Computing Centre

 International Labour Organization

Switzerland  International Organization for Migration

Geneva
 International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

 International Telecommunication Union

 International Trade Centre

 Joint Inspection Unit

 Joint Inter-Agency Meeting on Computer-Assisted Translation

and Terminology

 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS

 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

 ReliefWeb
Country City Organizations

 United Nations Compensation Commission

 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

 United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research

 United Nations Institute for Training and Research

 United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service

 United Nations Office at Geneva

 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development

 United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition

 World Health Organization

 World Intellectual Property Organization

 World Meteorological Organization

 World Trade Organization

 United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

United
London  International Maritime Organization
Kingdom

North America[edit]

 International Civil Aviation Organization

Canada Montreal
 Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat

Dominican Santo  International Research and Training Institute for the

Republic Domingo Advancement of Women
Country City Organizations

Jamaica Kingston  International Seabed Authority

 United Nations Security Council

 Former Inter-Agency Committee on Sustainable Development

 Inter-Agency Network on Women and Gender Equality

 Inter-Agency Working Group on Evaluation

 International Civil Service Commission

 Panel of External Auditors of the United Nations the Specialized

Agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency

 United Nations Board of Auditors

 United Nations Capital Development Fund

 United Nations Children's Fund

United States New York City
 United Nations Communications Group

 United Nations CyberSchoolBus

 United Nations Development Fund for Women

 United Nations Development Group

 United Nations Development Programme

 United Nations Fund for International Partnerships

 United Nations Geographic Information Working Group

 United Nations Information and Communication Technologies

Task Force

 United Nations International School

Country City Organizations

 United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund

 United Nations Mine Action Service

 United Nations Office for Project Services

 United Nations Population Fund

 United Nations Resident Coordinators Network

 United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination

 WomenWatch

 International Monetary Fund

 United Nations Atlas of the Oceans

 World Bank Group

 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

Washington,
D.C.  International Centre for Settlement of Investment
Disputes

 International Development Association

 International Finance Corporation

 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

South America[edit]

Chile Santiago  Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

Costa Rica Ciudad Colón  (University for Peace) (associated)

Africa[edit]
Country City Organizations

 United Nations Environment Programme

Kenya Nairobi  United Nations Human Settlements Programme

 United Nations Office at Nairobi

Ethiopia Addis Ababa  Economic Commission for Africa

Tanzania Arusha  International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

Middle East[edit]

 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine

Jordan Amman
Refugees in the Near East (co-located in the Gaza Strip)

Lebanon Beirut  Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia

Asia[edit]

Japan Tokyo  United Nations University

Macau São Lázaro  United Nations University Institute on Computing and Society

Thailand Bangkok  Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific