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Engchem Notes (Water)

This document discusses several key topics related to water: - Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and 70% of the Earth's surface. It has a unique composition that allows it to exist as a liquid at standard temperature and pressure. - Hydrogen bonds between water molecules give water its high boiling point and allow ice to float on liquid water. These polar covalent bonds are formed between the partially positive hydrogen and partially negative oxygen atoms. - Less than 1% of the world's water is accessible for human use, yet billions lack access to safe drinking water. Water scarcity is exacerbated by agricultural, industrial, and residential water usage. Rising ocean acidification also threatens marine ecosystems.

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Janelle Moa
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49 views2 pages

Engchem Notes (Water)

This document discusses several key topics related to water: - Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and 70% of the Earth's surface. It has a unique composition that allows it to exist as a liquid at standard temperature and pressure. - Hydrogen bonds between water molecules give water its high boiling point and allow ice to float on liquid water. These polar covalent bonds are formed between the partially positive hydrogen and partially negative oxygen atoms. - Less than 1% of the world's water is accessible for human use, yet billions lack access to safe drinking water. Water scarcity is exacerbated by agricultural, industrial, and residential water usage. Rising ocean acidification also threatens marine ecosystems.

Uploaded by

Janelle Moa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Water Hydrogen bond are not as strong a

- Human bodies contain High surface tension


approximately 60% of water Why ice floats on water
- Earth’s surface is made about 70% Liquid is denser than ice
water Sulfur is not a highly electronegative atom, it
- The closer the atoms are, the more cannot form hydrogen bonds with other
attracted the atoms are; and the molecules of HS
more rigid the material is What keeps aquatic animals alive during
Unique Composition of Water winter
1. Water is a liquid at standard
temperature and pressure (25c and Video 2
1atm) - 97% of the available water are from
2. Water has a high boiling point the ocean; 3% freshwater
3. When water freezes, it expands - 400 billion gallons of water are
- Boiling point of hydrogen sulfide is withdrawn daily in the US (86%
-60C freshwater, 14% saltwater) 1.5 trillion
- Most liquids contract when they liters of water; used for
freeze thermoelectric water for agriculture
- Partial Negative: Oxygen Water Footprint- amount of water used for
- Partial Positive (Bond Dipole): these products
Hydrogen polar covalent bonds and Almost a billion people do not have access
bent shape to safe water
Polar Covalent Bonds: electrons are not
equally shared, rather displaced toward the Safe- dissolved calcium and magnesium
more electronegative atom ions from the minerals found in aquifers
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds: found between Bacterial and viral arsenic lead mercury
two atoms of the same element, such as
Cl2, N2 Solute: impurities of water mines farms
Arrows point toward the more landfills septic systems concern about the
electronegative atom giving it a partial concentration
negative charge and its partner a partial
positive charge, which is referred to a bond Salt is ionic
dipole Sugar is molecular compound
Hydrogen Bond- electrostatic attraction
between a hydrogen atom and a highly Ions have the ability to conduct electricity
electronegative atom such as oxygen, Partial charges are not real charges they’re
nitrogen or fluorine (intermolecular bonds) just dipole
Covalent Bonds (intramolecular bonds)
Nonpolar bonds: diatomic molecules Electrolytes substances that carry charges
(oxygen)
The partial negative charge of oxygen will PCB in fat in our body because both are
try and form a hydrogen bond with the nonpolar
partial positive charge of a hydrogen of
another water molecule Surfactants: soap and detergent contain
Hydrophobic tail will stick to the oil
hydrophilic to water

Acids and Bases are also aqueous solutions

Hydrogen Ions are too reactive and cannot


find them in solution in real life will react
with other water molecules and form
Hydronium ion (actual acid in the solution)

.1 lower of ph is 26% increase

Base-

In 40 years the ocean will be so acidic that it


will melt the shells of sea creatures near the
ocean’s surface

Instead of carbonate going to corals it is


being used to neutralize the acidity

Coral reefs cannot protect the coastline


from harsh ocean waves
House of fishes

If acid is below

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