Comprehensive Traffic & Transportation Plan for Bangalore

Chapter 1 - Introduction

CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND

1.1.1 Bangalore is the fifth largest metropolis (6.5 m in 2004) in India and is one of the
fastest growing cities in Asia. It is also the capital of State of Karnataka. The name
Bangalore is an anglicised version of the city's name in the Kannada language,
Bengaluru. It is globally recognized as IT capital of India and also as a well
developed industrial city.

1.1.2 Bangalore city was built in 1537 by Kempegowda. During the British Raj,
Bangalore developed as a centre for colonial rule in South India. The
establishment of the Bangalore Cantonment brought in large numbers of migrant
Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and North Indian workers for developing and
maintaining the infrastructure of the cantonment. New extensions were added to
the old town by creating Chamarajpet, Seshadripuram, Nagasandra, Yediyur,
Basavanagudi, Malleswaram, Kalasipalyam and Gandhinagar upto 1931. During
the post independence period Kumara Park and Jayanagar came into existence.
The cantonment area covers nearly dozen revenue villages, which included
Binnamangala, Domlur, Neelasandra and Ulsoor to name a few. In 1960, at
Binnamangala, new extension named Indiranagar was created. The defence
establishments and residential complexes are in part of the core area. It is a
radial pattern city growing in all directions. The Bangalore city which was 28.85
sq. Km. in 1901 increased to 174.7 sqkm in 1971 to 272 sqkm in 1986 and
presently it has expanded to nearly 437 sqkm. Figure 1.1 shows the physical
growth of Bangalore during the last five centuries. This indicates that the city has
a long history and the transport system has grown organically with its inherent
problems to meet the requirements of changing times.

1.1.3 The city which was originally developed as a Garden City has slowly transformed
into an industrial and software hub of India. The establishment of the Silicon Park
on the outskirts of the city has converted the city and its surroundings into
Silicon Valley of the country. It has also caused an urban sprawl around, to some
extent lop sided towards south and east. It has become a commercial,
administrative and military centre for the region because of its salubrious climate
and cosmopolitan nature of people. It is also known as pensioner’s paradise with
well developed residential areas, roads with well grown trees, good commercial
establishments, shopping malls etc. Despite such growth it is trying to maintain
its character of garden city.

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Figure 1.1 Physical Growth of Bangalore during the Last Five Centuries

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1.2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1.2.1 Bangalore is located in the south east of Karnataka. It is located in the heart of
the Mysore Plateau at an average elevation of 920 m (3,018 feet) above mean sea
level. It is positioned at 12.97° N 77.56° E. Bangalore District borders with Kolar
District in the northeast, Tumkur District in the northwest, Mandya District in the
southwest, Chamarajanagar District in the south and the neighbouring state of
Tamil Nadu in the southeast.

1.2.2 The topography of Bangalore can be classified as a plateau, with a central ridge
running NNE-SSW and land sloping gently on either side and longitudinally. The
highest point is Doddabettahalli, which is 962 m and lies on this ridge. The roads
generally have gentle to medium gradients. No major rivers run through the city,
but the Arkavathi and South Pennar cross paths at the Nandi Hills, 60 km to the
north. River Vrishabhavathi, a minor tributary of Arkavathi, originates within the
city at Basavanagudi and flows through the city. Bangalore has a number of fresh
water lakes and water tanks, the largest of which are Madiwala Tank, Hebbal
Lake, Ulsoor Lake and Sankey Tank. The soil is predominantly of red soil
interspersed with rock helping quicker drainage.

1.2.3 Due to its elevation, Bangalore enjoys a pleasant and equable climate throughout
the year. The highest temperature recorded is 41°C and the lowest is 7.8°C.
Winter temperatures rarely drop below 12°C and summer temperatures seldom
exceed 38°C. Monsoons commence sometime around mid April. The wettest
months are August, September and October, in that order. The summer heat is
moderated by fairly frequent thunderstorms. Bangalore, receives both incoming
and outgoing monsoons because of its geographic location. The city receives
rainfall of about 860mm from the North-East and South-West monsoons.

1.3 DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

1.3.1 Population of Bangalore has been growing @ over 3% per annum since
independence as shown in Table 1.1
1 1. The city, which had a population of 1.6
lakh in 1901 reached nearly 61 lakh in 2001. With a decadal growth rate of 49%,
Bangalore was one of the fastest-growing indian metropolis for the decade 1991–
2001. It has an average density of about147.97 people/hectare. Currently the
Bangalore Metropolitan Area (BMA) is estimated to have population of about 70
lakh and is expected to be 80 lakh by 2011 and 88.40 lakh by 2015 as per Master
Plan, 2015. By 2025, population of BMA is expected to be 122.52 lakh as
indicated in Table 1.1.
1.1

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Table 1.1 Growth of Population in Bangalore

Population
YEAR Decadal Growth (%) Annual Growth
(lakh)
1901 1.63 -9.58 -1.00%
1911 1.89 16.18 1.51%
1921 2.40 26.69 2.39%
1931 3.10 29.05 2.58%
1941 4.11 32.66 2.87%
1951 7.86 91.34 6.70%
1961 12.07 53.49 4.38%
1971 16.64 37.88 3.26%
1981 29.22 75.56 5.79%
1991 41.30 41.36 3.52%
2001 61.70* 49.39 4.10%
2011 80.15* 29.90 2.65%
2015 88.00*
2025 122.52** 3.07%
( * -Revised Master Plan, 2015 for BMA, ** -projected for BMA)

1.3.2 Bangalore has the second highest literacy rate (83%) for an Indian metropolis, after
Mumbai. The city's workforce structure is predominantly non-agrarian, with only
6% of Bangalore's workforce being engaged in agriculture-related activities.
Roughly 10% of Bangalore's population lives in slums - a relatively low proportion
when compared to other cities in the developing world.

1.3.3 Bangalore's Rs. 26000 crore economy makes it a major economic centre in India.
Indeed, Bangalore is India's fourth largest and fastest growing market.
Bangalore's per capita income of Rs.49,000 is one of the highest for any Indian
city. The city is the third largest hub for high net worth individuals after Mumbai
and Delhi.

1.3.4 In the 1940s industrial visionaries such as Sir Mirza Ismail and Sir
Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya played an important role in the development of
Bangalore's strong manufacturing and industrial base. Bangalore is headquarters
to several public manufacturing heavy industries such as Hindustan Aeronautics
Limited (HAL), National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bharat Heavy Electricals
Limited (BHEL), Bharat Electronics Limited, Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML)
and Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT). In 1972 the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) was established under the Department of Space and
headquartered in the city. Globalisation has seen the city’s potential to grow as
an IT capital of the country so much so that foreign visitors to the country
including many Heads of Governments make it appoint to visit the city during
their visit to the country. Bangalore is also called the "Silicon Valley of India"
because of the large number of Information Technology companies located in the

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city which contribute 38% of India's IT and software export market. As

headquarters to many IT companies, Bangalore's place in the global IT map is
prominent. Bangalore's IT industry is divided into three main clusters — Software
Technology Parks of India, Bangalore (STPI); International Technology Park
Bangalore (ITPB), formerly International Technology Park Ltd. (ITPL); and
Electronics City. Infosys and Wipro, India's largest software companies, have big
campuses in Electronics City. If the growth of Information Technology has
presented the city with unique challenges, Biotechnology has now become
another rapidly expanding field in the city. Bangalore accounts for 47% or 127 of
the approximately 265 biotechnology companies in India. The Bangalore Stock
Exchange is the largest in South India. Figure 1.2 shows the major activity centres
along with the transport network in Bangalore.

1.3.5 With the growth of population and industries, the number of educational
institutions has also grown up in the city and BMA. Numerous educational
institutions up to High School and Colleges have come up in almost all the
developing residential localities and extensions. Most of the institutions for
higher learning like engineering colleges and medical colleges are located on the
outskirts of Bangalore Corporation area. There are a few institutions of higher
learning and special requirements like Government Educational Institutions are
spread all over the city. Bangalore also has internationally acclaimed educational
institutions like Indian Institute of Management (IIM), National Law College (NLC)
and Indian Institute of Science (IISc).

1.3.6 In the planned growth over the last 2 decades, the primary and secondary
educational institutions have been provided in each of the residential locality and
to this extent the educational requirement of the younger people is satisfied by
and large locally. It is for the higher and selective learning, that the people have
to make longer trips requiring vehicular journeys.

1.4 TRANSPORT NETWORK

NETWORK

1.4.1 Road Network Characteristics

Bangalore is endowed with a radial pattern of road network converging in the
core area of the city. The total road network of the city is about 4000 km of
which arterial/sub-arterial roads account for about 350 km. The road network is
shown in Figure 1.2.
1.2 The road network in the central parts of the city has
developed organically over the last few centuries and has inadequate right-of-
way. There is also a ring road (Outer Ring Road of about 62 km) which cuts
across the various radial roads. An intermediate ring road has been constructed
in fragments e.g. at south-east between Koramangala and Airport Road. The
National Highways which pass through Bangalore include:

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Figure 1.2 Major Activity Centres along with the Transport Network in Bangalore

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• NH – 4 connecting to Pune and Chennai

• NH – 7 connecting to Varanasi and Capecamorin
• NH – 209 connecting Dindigul / Pollachi

The following are the State Highways in Bangalore:

• SH – 17 connecting Mysore & Gundlupet

• SH – 17E connecting T G Halli
• SH – 19 connecting Hindupur via Yelahanka and Doddaballapur
• SH – 86 connecting Mysore via Kanakapura

Mostly the road network is underdeveloped in terms of size, structure, continuity

and connectivity. Nearly 82% of the total existing road network of 1763 km
(taken for travel demand modeling purposes) is with 2-lane carriageway as shown
in Table 1.2.
1.2 Length of roads with carriageway of 4 lanes and above is only 290
km. The roads indicating carriageway widths are shown in Figure 1.3.
1.3 Thus most
of the roads have inadequate carriageway widths to cater to growing traffic at an
acceptable level of service. Most of the roads in the city are also used for on-
street parking facility which even reduces the effective carriageway width
available for traffic. Most of the major roads in Bangalore have V/C ratios > 1.0
indicating high congestion, low speeds and high delays. The intersections are
also spaced quite closely which further increases the problem of traffic. Many of
the intersections in core area are with 5 legs. This adds to traffic delays.

Table 1.2 Distributions of Roads with Carriageway Widths in Bangalore

Type of Road Length (Km) %

Two Lane Undivided One Way 62.3 3.53
Two Lane Undivided Two Way 1379.2 78.21
Three Lane 31.6 1.79
Four Lane Undivided One Way 10.3 0.59
Four Lane Undivided Two Way 49.7 2.82
Four Lane Divided Two Way 198.5 11.25
Six Lane Divided 31.4 1.78
Six Lane Undivided One Way 0.5 0.03
Total 1763.5
1763.5 100.00

The available right–of-way of major roads are generally inadequate to allow for
their major widening as given in Table 1.3.
1.3 This is a major issue in augmenting
the capacity of transport system in Bangalore. This indicates public transport
system will have to play a very major role in satisfying the mobility requirements
of people of Bangalore as they are the most economic users of the road space.

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Figure 1.3 Carriageway Widths of the Roads

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Table
Table 1.3 Distribution of Roads with available ROW in Bangalore

Road ROW (m) Length of Major Roads (%)

Less than 20 40.7
20-30 40.0
More than 30 19.3
Total 100.0
100.0

1.4.2 Rail Network

Bangalore is served by 5 radial rail corridors (shown in Figure 1.2),
1.2 which are
listed below.

• B.G. line from Chennai on east

• B.G. line from Mumbai-Pune on north-west
• B.G. line from Guntakal on the north
• B.G. line from Salem / Trivandrum from east
• B.G. line from Mysore from south-west

Though at present these rail corridors serve only intercity traffic, a small number
of conventional short distance passenger trains are run in morning and evening
hours to nearby (satellite) towns like Tumkur, Chikballapur, Bangarapet, Hosur
and Mandya to serve the commuters. Its layout is conducive to convert them as
“Commuter Rail System” (CRS), to provide viable commuter services to suburbs
and also some nodes in the Bangalore.

1.4.3 Airport
The Bangalore Airport located about 11 km from city centre towards the east of
the city and adjacent to the Hidusthan Aircrafts Ltd (location of Airport in shown
in Figure 1.2),
1.2 was opened to passenger traffic in 1947. Direct flights from
Bangalore fly to destinations in Asia, the Middle East and Europe. The
liberalisation of India's economic policies has led to increase in the number of
domestic carriers within India, with several carriers such as Indian, SpiceJet,
Kingfisher Airlines, Jet Airways, Air Deccan, Paramount and Go Air servicing the
city. Unlike most airports in the country which are controlled by the Airports
Authority of India, the quasi government-owned Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
owns and operates Bangalore's HAL Airport. This airport at present serves both
domestic and international passengers. Due to its limited capacity and shorter
runway, it has not been able to satisfy the growing demand for air traffic. A new
international airport (catering to both domestic and international passengers) is
being constructed at Devanahalli and is expected to become operational in early
2008. As part of its planning there are proposals to provide a dedicated rail line
and an expressway connecting the city to the airport.

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1.5 GROWTH OF MOTOR VEHICLES

1.5.1 Vehicle Growth and Composition

The vehicle population in all cities in India started growing rapidly since later part
of 1980s. Bangalore is no exception. It has always had a reputation of having
more two wheeler users. The liberalization policy of the country made availability
of not only vehicles but also loans for buying vehicles. With the rapid growth of IT
sector in Bangalore, the affordability of larger segment of employees increased
for ownership of vehicles, more specially two wheelers. Coupled with inadequacy
of comfortable and convenient public transport gave an impetus to more and
more commuters shifting to cars and two wheelers for their commuting in
Bangalore. Growth of motor vehicles is shown in Table 1.4.
1.4 The number of
registered motor vehicles has crossed 2.5 million and is growing at a rate of over
12% per annum. The two wheelers, which constitute about 72% of the total
registered vehicles, are growing at a rate of about 13% per annum. Lately, cars
have been growing even faster than two wheelers. Vehicle ownership has grown
from 58 to 365 per 1000 population from 1981 to 2006. The trend is likely to
continue. This will result in higher use of personalised modes of transport
particularly cars unless extensive and convenient public transport system is
provided.

Table 1.4 Growth of Motor Vehicles in Bangalore (in lakh)

Year 2-Wheelers M/Cars A/R, Cabs Others Total

1980 0.97 0.30 0.10 0.31 1.68
1985 1.89 0.47 0.11 0.30 2.77
1990 4.01 0.71 0.15 1.41 6.28
1995 5.94 1.07 0.34 0.62 7.97
1996 6.69 1.21 0.39 0.71 9.00
1997 7.58 1.38 0.47 0.80 10.23
1998 8.39 1.52 0.54 0.84 11.29
1999 9.10 1.64 0.55 0.94 12.23
2000 9.94 1.84 0.58 1.01 13.37
2001 10.92 2.07 0.62 1.12 14.73
2002 11.83 2.26 0.64 1.23 15.96
2003 13.23 2.53 0.69 1.37 17.83
2004 14.44 2.77 0.76 1.53 19.50
2005 16.71 3.51 0.81 1.69 22.72
2006 18.96 4.06 0.82 1.73 25.57
Source: Bangalore Traffic Police Web Site and RTO, Bangalore

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1.5.2 Intermediate Public Transport

Autorickshaws (popularly known as autos) and taxis are the IPT facility available
in Bangalore. Autos are the popular form of transport and can be called common
man’s taxi in Indian cities and towns. It is a hybrid three wheel, three-seater (in
addition to driver) low floor vehicle, which is easily maneuverable and at the same
time provides a fast service. Priced much lower than a car, majority of autos are
owned by the driver himself. Apart from thee autos, regular small cars (Maruti
Omni vans and Indica diesel cars) as taxis are provided by several operators
commonly referred to as City Taxis or call Taxis. The number of autos and call
taxis registered in Bangalore is about 82000 and they are growing at the rate of
5-6 % p.a. The autos are used more for education and other trips and to a large
extent by the visitors to the city. The drivers tend to take advantage of the
vehicle’s size and maneuverability and criss cross in traffic contributing a lot to
accidents and traffic indiscipline and delays to overall traffic flow.

1.5.3 Public Transportation

Transportation System
Buses are the predominant public transport system in all Indian cities except
Mumbai. While four other metropolises Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi and even
Hyderabad have one or more forms of rail transport systems to cater to varying
extents for commuters, Bangalore has only bus as its public transport system.
The city has one of the better run city bus transport systems in the country. It is
operated in the Public Sector by Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation
(BMTC), a wholly owned company of the State Government. BMTC at present
operates services on 1726 routes by utilizing 4100 buses with 3953 schedules.
BMTC has 24 depots in and around Bangalore city. The corporation has 18500
employees to man its operation. It has established state of the art commuter
friendly modernized bus stations at Shivaji Nagar and Shanti Nagar. The
Kempegowda bus station at Subhash Nagar is also modernized with improved
commuter amenities. In addition to this, sub nodal stations at different parts of
the city have been constructed for the benefits of commuters. The corporation is
operating more than 60,000 trips and carrying about 35 lakh passengers every
day. Its patronage has started having significant growth since 2002-03. In order
to increase the frequency of services and to provide direction-oriented services in
place of the present destination oriented services, 27 high density trunk corridors
(grid routes) have been started. These grid routes have been shown in Figure 1.4
1.4.
The progress of BMTC during the last few years is briefly given in the Table 1.5
below.

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Table 1.5 Operational statistics of Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation

Sl. Factor 1997-

1997- 1998-
1998- 1999-
1999- 2000-
2000- 2001-
2001- 2002-
2002- 2003-
2003- 2004-
2004- 2005-
2005-
No. 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06

1. Operations 1924 1960 2017 2190 2253 2302 2581 3199 3531

2. Schedules 1934 2030 2121 2376 2535 2932 3291 3827 3957

3. Fleet 2098 2160 2285 2473 2658 3036 3460 3925 4106

Daily Average
Scheduled Km (in 4.43 4.44 4.86 5.15 5.77 6.19 7.18 9.02 9.33
4.
lakh)

5. Routes 1036 1048 1063 1147 1212 1345 1523 1690 1726

6. City Services 740 783 789 798 817 988 1029 1131 1102

Suburban
7. 925 983 1065 1282 1412 1647 1985 2382 2542
Services

8. Pushpak Services 269 264 267 296 306 297 287 314 313

Passengers
carried per day 24.50 25.00 25.50 25.75 26.25 26.75 30.35 32.07 34.78
9.
(in Lakh)

Accidents per
10. 0.32 0.29 0.26 0.26 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.18 0.16
Lakh Km
Source: BMTC

BMTC has plans to add new fleet through inducting new types of buses. It also
has plans of adding new depots, new bus stations, commuter amenity centres,
bus shelters, GPS system etc.

1.6 THE BANGA

BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION :

1.6.1 The Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority (BMRDA) has been
given the responsibility of planning the 8,000 sq km of Bangalore Metropolitan
Region (BMR) consisting of 2191 sq km in the Urban Districts and 5814 sq km in
the Rural Districts. The planning areas falling in the BMR are indicated in the
Figure 1.5
1. 5 and Table 1.6.
1.6.

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Figure 1.4 Grid Routes of BMTC

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Table 1.6 Bangalore Metropolitan Region

Sl. No. Area Area Sq. Kms

1 BMA 1240.69
2 BMICAPA (within BMA) 65.31
3 BMICAPA (outside BMA but within BMR) 338.74 404.05
4 Ramanagaram Taluk 200.25
5 Channapatna Taluk 110.60
6 Bangalore South Taluk 27.89
7 Anekal LPA 406.00
8 Nelamangala LPA 750.00
9 Magadi LPA 501.00
10 Hoskote LPA 591.00
11 Kanakapura LPA 879.00
12 BIAAPA LPA 985.00
13 RCUDA LPA 62.50
14 APZ-1 (excl. RCUDA) 462.50
15 Industrial Zones in B.M.R 1723.26
Total 8005.00

1.6.2 The regional plan while emphasizing on development of a regional transport

network is also under taking the planning and development of 5 new township at
Bidadi, Ramanagaram, Solur, Sathanur & Nandagudi covering a total area of
61,000 hectares on the outskirts of BMA. These townships are proposed to create
the modern work and play environment in urban settlements within the areas as
per Table 1.7
1.7.

Table 1.7 BMRDA TOWNSHIPS AREAS (Acres)

Township Pvt. Land Govt. Land

Land Total
Bidadi 6959 2725 9684
Ramnagar 3621 392 4013
Sathanur 5891 10341 16232
Solur 9661 2864 12525
Nandagudi 13762 4745 18507

Total 39894 21067 60961

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Figure 1.5 Bangalore Metropolitan Region – Local Planning Areas

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1.6.3 The following road network proposed by the BMRDA within the BMR consists of:

1) Satellite Town Ring Road - 204 km

2) Intermediate Town Ring Road - 130 km
3) Radial Roads - 180 km
4) Town Ring roads - 176 km

1.7 URBAN LAND USE STRUCTURE FOR BMA

1.7.1 Existing Situation

Bangalore city has spatially developed in a concentric manner. The economic
activities have been growing at an unprecedented pace locating themselves in a
sporadic manner with limited plan intervention covering an area of 1307 Sq. Kms.
The existing landuse distribution of the BMA for 2003 & its comparison with the
proposed Land use as per Revised Master Plan 2015 is given in the Table 1.8
1. 8. The
spatial distribution of existing land use is shown in Figure 1.6
1.6.

1.7.2 Revised Master Plan - 2015

Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) is responsible for preparing Master Plan
for the BMA and guiding its development. Salient features of the Revised Master
Plan-2015 are as follows:

a. Local planning area(LPA) or Bangalore Metropolitan Area (BMA) - 1307 sqkm

(including BMICAPA area)
b. The city has to be planned for a population of 80 lakh by 2011 and 88 lakh by
2015.
c. Land Use Proposals: Keeping in view the rapid socio-economic development
in Banglore and the development patterns in the BMR, the Master plan has
evolved the following proposed land use for the Banglore Metropolitan Area
as indicated in Table 1.8
1.8 and Figure 1.7
1.7.
d. Economic activities & their spatial distribution: During the year 2003 approx.
6,30,000 Sq. Mts of office space was sold which consisted 5,00,000 Sq. Mts
for suburban Hi-Tech firms and the balance 150,000 Sq. Mts for other
businesses. For the year 2015 the Plan envisages following requirement of
office spaces:

Area in Sq. Mts

Office Type Suburb CBA Total
High-Tech 6,71,006 813,293 1484299
Non- High-Tech 234,093 585,394 819,487
Total 905,009 1,398,687 2,303,786

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Figure 1.6
1.6 Spatial Distribution of Existing Land Use

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Figure 1.7 Proposed Land Use for the Banga

Bangalore Metropolitan Area

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Table 1.8 Existing and Proposed Land Use for BMA

2003 2011
Land Use Sq. Kms % age distribution Sq. % age Distribution
Kms
Residential 159.76 37.91 243.69 43.16
Commercial 12.83 3.04 16.43 2.91
Industrial 58.83 13.96 38.44 6.81
Open spaces 13.10 3.11 77.88 13.79
Publi & Semi-public 46.56 11.05 49.08 8.69
Public Utilities 2.49 0.59 - 0.00
Offices and Services 4.27 - 0.00
1.01
Traffic & Transportation 88.31 20.96 116.97 20.72
Un-classified 35.26 8.37 22.14 3.92
Total 421.41 100 564.63 100

Agriculture land 649.24

Lakes & Tanks 39.02
Quarry 9.61
Vacant 187.72

Total 1307.00 564.63

Source- Revised Master Plan-2015

Keeping the above in view, the Master Plan has proposed the following
development strategy:

i. In order to reap the benefits of the potential expected to be created by

Multi-Modal Transport System at the transport Hub in the centre, Highest
FAR is proposed in identified Central Business Area. FAR 2.5; Ground
Coverage 75%. within the core area surrounded by the proposed Core Ring
Road.
ii. Strengthening and extensions of employment areas along major roads
and in clusters like Peenya, Bommasandra or Electronic City.
iii. Identifying new industrial areas. – 3 locations in the north accessible
directly from PRR and the Radial Roads.
iv. High tech zone with FAR ranging between 2 to 3.25 – vacant area between
Whitefield (ITPL) and Electronic City proposed as Hi-tech zone.

e. Secondary Centres: 10 Secondary Sub Centers (administrative / education &

health) to be located at places to be served by Public transport – near railway
station and big rail road junction.
f. Compact City Development: Vacant areas in the City need to be occupied and
spread of layouts needs to be minimised.
g. Protection of natural drainage and ground water sources.

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h. Land values to be linked to market economy – built area density to be

proportionate to land price and presence of transport infrastructure.
i. Higher FAR for old bungalow and villa areas.
ii. Review of the areas accompanied by Industries along the major
Roads – Virtually extension of core area to the periphery - Mutation
zones.
iii. Redevelopment of derelict industrial areas – promotion of market
(actual and creation of mini zones of activities public amenities &
infrastructure and social housing.
iv. Densification of low density area (< 200 ppha)
v. Encourage mixed land use in core areas – the live work mixed use
reduces commuting time and mix of different activities increases
economic efficiency. For these areas action imperatives defined are:
- Diversion of traffic in mixed land-use areas by introduction of
“one way”
- Enforcement of new parking regulations.
- Ban on entry of heavy goods vehicles in such areas
- Widening of Roads
- Removal of encroachments.
- Appropriate transport system for the commuters to reduce
owner vehicle usage
- Demarcation into transport and utility zones.
- Maintenance of open spaces
- Improvement of Civic services.

i. Development of a Structured Road Network : The emphasis being on:

i. Core Ring Road
ii. Supplementing Outer Ring Road
iii. Organising transportation/Logistic facilities: Specific Areas
strategically located to provide for storages facilities, garages, and
heavy vehicles supported by personnel, technicians and offices as
well as integrating various transport modes like road, railway and
air.
iv. Developing Multimodal Public Transport System: consisting of rail &
road based systems i.e. Metro-Rail, Mono-Rail, Circular Rail and
other proven MRT systems.

j. Local Planning Area: The entire local planning area of Bangalore has been
categorised into three major areas for application of Zonal Regulations and
consist of:
1. Main Areas : Comprising
i. Old Urban Areas including the Petta Zone & Traditional Area
Zone

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ii. Urban Redevelopment Areas M.G. Road Area Zone, CBD Zone,
CBD Areas, CD Precinct Zone, Transformation / Development
Zone and Mutation Corridor Zone
iii. Residential Areas including mixed residential area, mainly
residential area, and Commercial Axis Zone.
iv. Industrial / Activities Areas including Industrial, High Tech and
Logistics/ Transport Zone
v. Green Areas including Protected Land, Restricted Development,
and Agriculture Land Zones.

2. Specific Areas: Areas not covered by main areas and comprise large public
and semi-public infrastructure; large transport structures, dedicated land
uses, scheme areas & heritage conservation areas.

3. Constraint Areas: Areas having restrictions on type of development with

its internal technical rules determining regulations within the site and
around.

k. Based on the ward boundaries, existing physical features, and the analysis of
the existing development trends within the City, 47 Planning Districts (PDs)
have been delineated to implement the Master Plan. The planning districts
are organized in three rings :
1st Ring: The Core area PDs 1.01 to 1.07
2nd Ring: The development urban areas surrounding the core are PDs 2.01
to 2.18
3rd Ring: The urban extension areas in the City’s outskirts PDs 3.01 to 3.22
These planning district boundaries are indicated in the Figure 1.8
1.8

1.8 BANGALORE MYSORE INFRASTRUCTURE CORRIDOR AREA PLANNING AUTHROITY

(BMICAPA)

The BMICAPA Planning Area comprises of BMIC Project Area and its environs. The
total area is 701.01 Sq.kms. The BMICP comprises five self sustainable new
townships viz., Corporate Township, Commercial Township, Industrial Township,
Heritage Township & Eco-Tourism Township, 111 kms. of Expressway between
Bangalore & Mysore, 41 kms. of Peripheral Road connecting NH 4 and NH 7 on
the southern segment of Bangalore and about 9 kms. of Link Road connecting
west of Chord Road/Mysore Road junction and “O’’ point of the Expressway. It
also includes interchanges at the junction of main, arterial and major roads.

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Figure 1.8
1.8 Planning Districts in the Ban
Bangalore
angalore Metropolitan Region

Legend

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101 Petta 210 Jayanagar 308 Bettaalasuru

102 Majestic 211 Banashankari 309 Tanisandra
103 Gandhi Nagar 212 Vijaya Nagar 310 Bagaluru
104 Vasantnagar 213 Rajaji Nagar 311 Horamavu
105 Shivaji Nagar 214 Peenya 312 Avalahalli
106 Richmond Town 215 Mathikere 313 K R Puram
107 Chamarajpet 216 Kaval Byrasandra 314 Sadara Mangala
217 Kammanahalli 315 Whitefield
201 Kempapura Agrahara 218 C.V. Raman Nagar 316 Varthur
202 Srirampuram 317 Dommasandra
203 Malleswaram 301 Kengeri 318 Begur
204 Jayanagar 302 Herohalli 319 Electronic City
205 Baiyyappanahalli 303 Makali 320 Bannerghatta
206 Indiranagar 304 Byatarayanapura 321 Anjanapura
207 Unclassified 305 Bavalakere 322 Kumbalagodu
208 Koramangala 306 Hesarghatta
209 Shanti Nagar 307 Yelahanka
The BMICP Planning area (64 sq km in BMA) within which the 41 kms. of
Peripheral Road connecting NH 4 and NH 7 on the southern segment of Bangalore
and the link road are located has been planned for various land uses as under:

Table 1.9 Proposed Land Use of BMICAPA in BMA

Land Use Area (Ha.) % age

Residential 4882 8
Commercial 2174 3
Industrial 708 1
Public & Semi-Public 415 1
Parks & Open Spaces 1052 2
Traffic & Trans. 3230 5
Sub Total 12461 19
Agriculture Land 51875 81
Total 64336 100

Assuming a normal residential density of 350 pph & overall density of 150 pph
this corridor will be able to accommodate between 17 to 18 lakh of population.

1.9 EARLIER STUDIES

1.9.1 The first committee to work on a planned development of Bangalore was

Bangalore Development Committee (BDC) constituted in 1952. Subsequently in
1961, the Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Board was constituted for bringing out
a Master Plan for Bangalore. The BMPB prepared an outline development plan for
BMPA.

1.9.2 The Town and Country Planning Act came into force from 1965 and a City
Planning Authority was constituted in August 1967. A Comprehensive

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Development Plan (CDP) was prepared by the City Planning Authority for the year
2001 with an estimated population of 38 lakh.

1.9.3 In order to implement CDP, the Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) came into
existence in 1976 with the authority to control the land-use in the metropolitan
area. The result of 1981census, however, threw over board the assumptions of
CDP. As the population anticipated for 1991 was reached in 1981 itself, the CDP
had to be revised drastically and the population projections were revised in view
of the recent trends. A plan was prepared and approved in 1984, then revised 10
years later and approved in 1995 for a population of 45 lakhs in 1991 and 70
lakhs for the year 2001. This plan is merely a zoning document with rough
location of the road network. This has now been updated by BDA and French
Consultants using satellites imagery and digital area maps and Revised Master
Plan – 2015 published.

1.9.4 However, rapid growth in population and economic activities after independence
brought to the fore increasing traffic and transportation problems due to the gap
between demand and supply of transport system. In order to look for solutions to
the traffic problems, several studies have been conducted in the past. Some of
these major traffic studies are described briefly below.

1.9.5 The first Comprehensive Traffic and Transportation Plan was prepared in 1963 –
64 by CRRI, New Delhi. The plan was based on the population, land use and area
projections made in the Outline Development Plan for Bangalore Metropolitan
Region prepared by the Town Planning Department.

1.9.6 An effort to refresh the data and update the proposals was made by the Town
Planning Department in 1977. One of its recommendations was to look into a
Mass Rapid Transit Project i.e. a metro for Bangalore in 1981. Based on Lynne
Committee’s recommendations, Southern Railway team recommended a 2-
corridor metro of 24 km, 3 commuter rail lines, and a 58 km ring railway at a cost
of Rs.6500 million in 1983 terms and to be completed over a period of 25 years.

1.9.7 In 1988 under World Bank funding, RITES Ltd was commissioned to carryout
another transport study with broad coverage of roads, traffic and mass transit.
The study was completed proposing various roads and traffic improvements, as
also commuter rail lines but again without much follow up.

1.9.8 In 1993, State of Karnataka established a committee to look into MRTS, which
recommended the same metro project put forward by Southern Railway in 1983
and the same circular railway.

1.9.9 In 1994, the Government of Karnataka created BMRTL to seek public/private

partnership of MRTS project. BMRTL commissioned a feasibility study, which
pointed out to develop LRT based 96 km long MRTS network.

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1.9.10 A study was carried out in 1999 proposing a large and varied road improvement
program, including 45 multi-grade intersections, 25 pedestrian underpasses and
various corridor improvements. In the process, grade separators were reduced to
19 with 9 to be done in the first phase.

1.9.11 In 2001, the State Government along with railways commissioned RITES to study
introduction of commuter rail facility. The report is still under active
consideration of the State Government.

1.9.12 In 2003, Government of Karnataka, commissioned Delhi Metro Rail Corporation

(DMRC), to carry out a Detailed Project Report for metro in Bangalore. The study
recommended 2 line metro, 18 km and 15 km in length, cross shaped. The lines
intersect at the Bangalore city railway station and Bus station.

1.10 NEED FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE TRAFIC AND

AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN

1.10.1 Thus several studies have been carried out for the city to improve transportation
system in Bangalore. As short-term measures, road widening, flyovers, junction
improvements were suggested and some of them have been implemented also.
As long term solution, versatile and comfortable Mass Rail Transit System and
commuter rail services have been recommended. However, the traffic and
transportation scenario continues to be worsening. The BDA has recently got
prepared a comprehensive development plan (Revised master Plan-2015). This
plan has considered the first phase of Bangalore Metro Rail Project as well as
network augmentation of Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation. It,
however, does not cover the urban transportation needs of the city fully.
Therefore, it was felt by the Government of Karnataka to take a stock of the
prevailing situation and prepare a comprehensive traffic and transportation plan
which will not only cover short term requirements but also medium and long
transport system requirements upto 2025. It should also provide for proper
inter-modal transport integration.

1.10.2 It is in this context that Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance

Corporation (KUIDFC) has initiated this study for preparing a Comprehensive
Traffic and Transportation Plan for Bangalore and engaged RITES Ltd, a
Government of India Undertaking, to carry out this study.

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