Sustainable Bangalore- ‘Issues and Potentials’

Ar.Shilpa Madangopal Rama .R. Subramanian,

D.S.C.E D.S.C.E
Kumaraswamy Layout, Kumaraswamy Layout,
Bangalore-560056, India Bangalore-560056,India
Department of Architecture Department of Architecture
Shilparao_mg@yahoo.co.in hod.dsarch@gmail.com
Mobile-9342576272

Abstract

India has rich traditions and history in holistic strategies for the vigorous usage of some building materials like cement,
buildings and construction. Despite this, the sustainable glass and solid concrete blocks.
buildings agenda currently receives limited attention. While Hence there should be a guiding regulations which optimises
there have been local initiatives for promoting sustainable the resource conservation, usage according to the resource
buildings which include research, pilot or advocacy projects, availability and distance of procurement.
there is no coordinated approach to address the wider
sustainable buildings agenda. In line with the approach to make the developing city into an
Bangalore, capital city of Karnataka is the fifth largest sustainable metropolis, the city needs to adopt stringent
metropolitan city of India. Bangalore city is located in South regulations and guidelines to achieve sustainability.
India in the state of Karnataka.
The city is well known – nationally and internationally – as a
destination of choice for high –technology industries.
In line with the approach to make the developing city into an
sustainable metropolis, the city needs to adopt stringent
regulations and guidelines to achieve sustainability.
Updating the future generations with the historicity of the
place and providing a passage to the culture through
understanding the traditional fabric will strengthen the future
developments while preserving the past.
Floor Area Ratio is one of the important tool to control the
haphazard growth in the city. This aspect is decided based on
the road width in most of the cases. As observed in the current
Bangalore bye-laws not much thought is given on the
criteria’s for the huge plots facing the narrow roads which
will trigger the vehicular movement on the street destroying
the character of the street .
It is observed that in the current building bye laws of
Bangalore, except some clauses which aim to achieve natural
light and ventilation in all habitable spaces, there are no
clauses as such to achieve resource conservation and resource
efficient building design and construction in the city
Problem Identification
Due to booming infrastructure. a hike in the F.A.R on the
arterial roads and near the metro stations have given rise to
tremendous pressure on the streets in terms of traffic,
commercial setups
 The city is well known – nationally and
internationally – as a destination of choice for high –
technology industries. Becoming a
reason for loosing the characters of the city, urban blocks
and streets has led to the disturbing image on the street
and lot of environmental issues.
 By a loose use of the concept of “ancillary usage”
commercial activities were permitted even in the
most peaceful residential areas.
 Tremendous demand for the residential (which
constitutes the major part of 2015 Bangalore revised
masterpaln) and commercial development has led to
 B. Cholas
I. INTRODUCTION
After centuries of the rule of the Western Gangas,
A. The origin Bangalore was captured by the Cholas .
Located on the Deccan Plateau in the South-Eastern part of
India, Bangalore is a capital of Karnataka State. C. Chalukya
Known by different names like Pensioners Paradise, In 1024 which later passed on to the
Garden City, Silicon Valley of India, Aerospace City, Chalukya-cholas in 1070.
Fashion Capital etc.
Location - 12.97° N 77.56° E, Elevation – 920 MSL D. Hoysala Empire
The name Bangalore is an anglicized version of the city's
name in the Kannada language, Bengaḷūru, In 1116 the Hoysala Empire, overthrew the Cholas and
It is a city that has transformed itself from a “pensioners’ extended its rule over Bangalore. Modern Bangalore was
paradise” to a modern thriving cosmopolitan metropolis founded by a vassal of the Vijayanagara Empire.
and booming infrastructure all putting the high level
pressure on the Sustainability factors. E. Vijayanagara Empire.
Growth of the city has brought with it challenges Kempe Gowda's successor, Kempe Gowda II, built four
commonly associated with unpredicted growth, still striving famous towers that marked Bangalore's boundary. During
to hold its identity as an “Historic city” with its footprints, the Vijayanagara rule, Bangalore was also referred to as
As a “silk city’’ with its occupational and production based "Devarayanagara" and "Kalyanapura" ("Auspicious City").
areas of core city, ‘’Garden city’’ with some of the old After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, Bangalore's rule
parts still named with garden as suffix, ‘’Silicon city’’ with changed hands several times.
thriving globalilising urban forms which are so generic
(functionless spaces) to’’ Booming city’’ with lots F. Mughal
emerging infrastructure where in city is perceived in layers.
And also a hike in the F.A.R on the arterial roads and near In 1638, a large Bijapur army led by Ranadulla Khan and
the metro stations have given rise to tremendous pressure accompanied by Shahji Bhonsle defeated Kempe Gowda III
on the streets in terms of traffic, commercial setups and Bangalore was given to Shahji as a jagir. wodeyar
Hence to make the city a sustainable development- its our In 1687, the Mughal general Kasim Khan defeated Ekoji,
duty to understand the multiple challenges offered by the son of Shahji, and then sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja
city in order to explore the possible solutions towards the Wodeyar (1673–1704) of Mysore for 300,000 rupees.
betterment of the future.
G. Tippu Sultan
After the death of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II in 1759, Hyder
Ali, Commander-in-Chief of the Mysore Army, proclaimed
himself the de facto ruler of Mysore. The kingdom later
passed to Hyder Ali's son Tippu Sultan.

H. British
Tippu Sultan was defeated and killed in the Fourth Anglo-
Mysore War (1799). The British returned administrative
control of the Bangalore "pete" to the Maharaja of Mysore,
choosing only to retain the Cantonment under their
jurisdiction.
Bengaluru’ is derived from an old settlement near
presentday Yelahanka,long before the time of
Fig-1 Bangalore metropolitan region in karnataka Kempegowda,the Ýelahanka Nadu Prabhu’ or chieftan
whose name is usually associated with the town in 1537.
II.
HISTORIC CITY AND ITS FOOTPRINTS
A. Ganga Dynasty

The earliest reference to the name "Bengaluru"

was found in a 9th century Western Ganga Dynasty.
It states that the place was part of the
Ganga kingdom until 1004.
 Electronics Limited.Hindusthan Aeronautics
Limited(HAL)and Indian Telephone IndustriesITI. Several
others defense and infrastructure industries also came up in
The site was located on an elevated ridge that sloped west Bangalore.In fact,city became an important defense
to east . To the west were rocky hills, while the eastern research center. Apart from strategic reasons,the choice of
areas were undulating. Bangalore for these investments was due to existence of
The old city occupying the valley portion and the new one educated workforce.
including the cantonment, High grounds. In June 1972, the Government of India set up the Space
Commission and Department of Space (DOS). India's
Old Dungeon Fort Bangalore Bangalore premier space research organization, the ISRO was created
& Gates,Historic under the DOS and headquartered in Bangalore
Temples
2 Tipu Sultan's Palace Bangalore
Bangalore also called as aviation monopoly capital of India.
3 Pre-Historic Site Chikajal It accounts India's more than 65% aerospace business.
4 Fort Devanahalli The establishment and success of high technology firms in
5 Tipu Sultan's Birth Devanahalli Bangalore has led to the growth of Information Technology
Palace (IT) in India. IT firms in Bangalore employ about 35% of
6 Pre-Historic Site Hejjala India's pool of 1 million IT professionals and account for
7 Pre-Historic Site Managondanahalli
the highest IT-related exports in the country
8 Pre-Historic Site Sevanadurga
9 Gavi Gangadhareshvara Bangalore Bangalore is nicknamed the Silicon Valley of India. The
Temple name signifies status of Bangalore as a hub for information
10 , Bull Temple Bangalore technology (IT) companies in India and is a comparative
11 Sri chowdeshwari devi Yelahanka reference to the original Silicon Valley, based around Santa
Temple
Clara Valley, California, a major hub for IT companies in
12 Yelahanka Gate Yelahanka
Anjaneya Temple the United States
Table-1 The table indicates the few places in and around Bangalore Bangalore's IT industry is divided into two main "clusters"
from history. Electronics City and Whitefield. New clusters in Bellandur,
Hebbal and Challaghatta have emerged in the last few years
Updating the future generations with the historicity of the along the Outer and Inner Ring Roads and in C. V. Raman
place and providing a passage to the culture through Nagar near Old Madras Road. The City is home to more
understanding the traditional fabric will strengthen the than 900 IT firms.
future developments while preserving the past.
IV.SHAPING OF THE CITY-
III. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHANGES MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

The growth of Bangalore from a town to a Metropolis has 1. City Planning

been a result of five growth events. British East Indian Empire after defeat of Tippu Sultan in
1. Shifting of the state of administrative capital from the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799). The British returned
Mysore administrative control of the Bangalore "pete" to the
2. Establishing of the new settlement for British Maharaja of Mysore, choosing only to retain the
officers-Cantonment Cantonment under their jurisdiction.
3. Setting up of Public sectors undertakings The 'Residency' of Mysore State was first
/academic institutions. established at Mysore in 1799 and later shifted to
Setting up of Textile industries/Mills. Bangalore in the year 1804. Two important developments
4. Development of Information during this period contributed to the rapid growth of the
Technology/ITES/Biotech based institutions. city: the introduction of telegraph and a rail connection to
5. The city‘s emergence as a center for information Madras in 1864 having the railway station at cantonment.
technology stems from decision taken by the federal
government shortly after independence to locate
strategically sensitive industries well away from borders
and coastlands. Bangalore became a city of choice to locate
the Indian air force base and others public institutions. This
in turn promoted the establishment of a number of
universities, institutions, and colleges providing
engineering and scientific training (Holstrom,1994) During
1950s and 1960s government invested heavily into large
public sectors units like Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT)
Bharath Electronics Limited(BEL) Bharath Heavy
 corporation then consisted of 70 elected representatives and
50 electoral divisions. The name of the council then
changed — first to Bangalore City Corporation (BCC) and
then to Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BMP).
In January 2007, the Karnataka Government issued a
notification to merge 100 wards of the erstwhile Bangalore
Mahanagara Palike with seven City Municipal Councils
(CMC)s, one Town Municipal Council (TMC) and 111
villages around the city to form a single administrative
area. The process was completed by April 2007 and the
body was renamed 'Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike'.
These two were merged together to form Bangalore City
Corporation (BCC/BMP)
BMP in 2006 became Bruhat Bangalore Mahan agar Palike
(BBMP) to cover the villages on the fringe of the city.
Fig-3 Bangalore city map, circa 1924 from "murray's 1924 handbook" BDA is the planning Authority for Bangalore Metropolitan
area.Comprehensive development plan will be revised once
A linguistic and cultural gulf separated both the british and in 10 years as Karnataka town and country planning act
Indian service personnel of the cantonment from the mostly 1961.The first comprehensive plan for Bangalore
Kannada-speaking populations in the city. Metropolitan Area was approved on 1984,subsequently
The densely packed properties of most Indian inhabitants revised in 1995, and again in 2005 and was notified in June
stood in contrast to the more spacious Bunglows 2007.
constructed for British administrative personnel, which This Master Plan 2015 is for the area of around 1279
came to embody a distinctive Bangalore style of household sq.kms. area. Out of this, the greenbelt area covers 682
architecture. sq.kms.The conurbation area(urbanisable area) is 597
An open area originally stretching several kilometres, used sq.kms. including spotted development BDA has now taken
as parkland and as parade grounds for the British military, up re-revision of CDP, which is under process.
separated the City from cantonment. Later it became Based on various ward boundaries, existing physical
Cubbon park. features, and analysis of the existing development trends
In the 19th century, Bangalore essentially became a twin the city of Bangalore has been divided into forty-seven
city, with the "pete", whose residents were predominantly planning districts for ease of implementation of the
Kannadigas, and the "cantonment" created by the proposed revised master plan-2015.The delineation of the
Britishers, whose residents were predominantly Tamils planning districts is based on two factors,
New extensions in Malleshwara and Basavanagudi were Study of common stakes and concerns shared by areas, and
developed in the north and south of the pete. Boundaries of local bodies that handle management of the
Bangalore became the first city in India to have electricity, area.
powered by the hydroelectric plant situated in Study of common stakes and concerns shared by areas:
Shivanasamudra. Bangalore's reputation as the Garden City The areas that are urbanized have different concerns than
of India began in 1927 with the Silver Jubilee celebrations the non- urbanized areas in the fringes of the city. The non-
of the rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV. Several projects Urbanized areas consist of mainly valleys and agricultural
such as the construction of parks, public buildings and lands with pockets of developments. Based on development
hospitals were instituted to beautify the city. trends, level of mixed uses, existing urban fabric, location
Through Cubbon’s tenure the public buildings in old fort of slums, social level, and level of infrastructure, land
still served as the administrative center for the state. By prices, and urban structure, areas have been grouped within
Bowring’s time, the fort had become too small and several the city.
public offices in Europian style came up in Cubbon Taking into consideration these factors,the 47 planning
park,including the Victorian-style building that became districts have been organized in three rings.
known as the Athera Kacheri(Modern site of the state High 1st Ring:The core area
Court) 2nd Ring”:the developed urbanareas surroundingthe core
Till 1939 there were two municipal bodies in Bangalore, area.
one was the old city and other was that of cantonment. 3rd The urban extension areas in the city’s outskirts.
After Indian independence, the two Municipal Boards were
merged to form the Corporation of the City of Bangalore in
1949, under the Bangalore City Corporation Act. The
DEVELOPMEN URBAN CHARACTERISTICS INFRASTRUCTURE IMPACT OF GROWTH ON ITS SUSTAINABILITY.
T ZONES STATUS SERVICES

First ring Core area of Historical centre, Present but nearly No scope of future sustainable
the city Administrative congested, needs developments ,but calls for renewal,
Undergoing centre, enhancement of restoration andurban conservation issues.
transformatio Buisiness centre, existing infrastructure.
n and calls
for Specific Commercial centre.
treatment.
Second ring Regular, Spaces in strong Not fully present, with High scope of Sustainable development
mostly mutation, future growth, needs since already semi urban area,andemergence
urbanised, Spaces that are planning and of new urban areas and mutation corridors
Areas mainly industrial or enhancement of
surrounding working class, existing infrastructure
the core area. residential.
Spaces with a
particular
function(unclassified
).
Third ring The urban Spaces undergoing Farm lands and Mostly very scenic in nature and lots of
extension urban development- scattered potential for sustainable approaches.
areas in the Spaces of High developments with
city’s density minimal infrastructure
outskirts.
Agricultural zones
organised around
villages-
Spaces available for
Urban development

Natural spaces of the

green Belt- Reserved
and protected
spaces.
Table-2 Analysing the three rings of the
bangalore metropolitan region.(as per 2015 rmp-bangalore)
 V. ZONING REGULATIONS AND BUILDING
BYELAWS. 2015

The regulatory measures of a city is a continuous

phenomenon which makes a city or completely breaks a
city.
Cities are in reality great camps of the living and dead, where many
elements remains like signals, symbols, cautious. when the holiday is over
what of remains of the architecture is scattered and the sand consumes the
street again ,there is nothing left but to resume with certain obstinacy, the
reconstruction of elements and instruments in expectation of another
holiday
ALDO ROSSI.

Thus a city evolves over a period of time distributed in both

space and time. Hence it is necessary to understand the past
and current regulations to understand the scope of
sustainable developments in a city. Fig -5 3D Interpretation of setback regulations as per 1995 CDP

A.1995 Building byelaws Permissible land use-Upto-240mt, Ground coverage

40%, F.A.R-1, Public, Semi-Public utilities.
1995 Building byelaws were not very conducive in terms of As per 1995 CDP,Bangalore Public,Semi-Public utilities
defining service sectors which may be permitted in the are allowed in a road upto 6mt, which is again an irregular
residential areas.Ex- Bamboo and cane products, development allowed in a residential area .(Fig-5)
Furnitures,( steel,wooden) were also clasiified under this
which needs regular logistic support thus making the B. Revised master plan for bangalore-2015
streets congested
According to Rmp2015 for Bangalore Setbacks for building
Heights upto 11.5m and upto 4000sqm is given as follows.

Width of the site Depth of the site

Width/depth Right side Left side Front side Rear side
of site
Upto 6.0 1.0m 0 1.0m 0
Above 6.0- 1.0m 1.0m 1.0m 1.0m
9.0
Above9.0m 8% 8% 12% 8%

Table-3 Source –Rmp 2015 Bangalore

Fig-4 3D Interpretation of setback regulations as per 1995 CDP

Upto 240 sq.mt, Plot coverage-75%, min frontage-1m, For plot over size of 4000sq,mt a minimum of 5.0 on all
F.A.R-1, Road width-4.5m-6m(Table-28,CDP 1995 sides is insisted in the byelaw.
Bangalore)
According to Rmp2015 for Bangalore FAR and Ground
As per 1995 CDP service Industry is allowed in a
coverage in residential mixed zone upto 20000sqm is given
residential area with Road width between 4.5-6m which
as follows.
definitely not a sustainable development which leads in the
congestion and supports spillover activities on the road.
Sl.no Ground FAR Road Hence there should be a guiding regulations which
coverage Width(m) optimises the resource conservation , usage according to the
1 Till 70% 1.75 Upto 12.0 resource availability and distance of procurement.

2 Till 65% 2.25 Above12.0 IX. CONCEPT OF SUBURBS

upto18.0m
3 Till 60% 2.50 Above18.0 Urban housing emerged as a world problem after world war
upto24.0m ii. In India the problem owes its origin to numerous causes.
4 Till 55% 3.00 Above24.om Firstly due to hasty location of war oriented industries in
upto 30m existing urban centers, there was large influx of population
5 Till 50% 3.25 Above 30 m in to these centers . Secondly intensive development of
Table-4 Source –Rmp 2015 Bangalore
industries in urban areas under the successive five year
plans, after independence, attracted rural population to
V. BUILDING STREET INTERFACE
urban centers in search of employment.
In Table.3 min of 5m set back to any plot more than
A. Housing schemes
4000sq.m
The Karnataka housing board (1956) , the successor of the
In Table.4 says possibility of 20000 sqm on below 12m
Mysore labor housing corporation(1952) is the major
road which can take the status of mixed land use with 70%
organization in charge of housing in the public sector. The
ground coverage. –congestion on the street- Insufficient
board is executing the following housing schemes.
space between building to building/street.
Subsidized industrial housing schemes.
High resource consumption in order to regulate the internal
Subsidized rental housing schemes.
sound and temperature. Which will further lead to energy
Plantation labor housing schemes.
consumption.
Low income group housing schemes.
Hectic streets during construction creating unpleasant
Middle income group housing schemes.
views from streets.
The city at 1950s and 1960s saw growth in terms of
suburbs planned to house 240 workers at Rajaji Nagar the
VII. GENERIC BUILDING TYPOLOGY
city improvement trust board
The permissible land use is Mixed which again influence
1.Byatarayanapura.
the developer to try hard to achieve maximum F.A.R. In the
2.Hosalli.
whole process typology will be neglected to the maximum
3.Mahalakshmi lay out
extent. And buildings will be functionless spaces, with
In order to regularize their illegal status, revenue site
Generic form, wherein programmes can be induced and
holders formed themselves into associations in beginning in
diffused without much efforts.
1960’s.
According to Robert Venuri, Complexity refers to inherent
The four new townships that came into being by 1971-
complex nature of an architectural problem, which tries to
1.The HAL township
address, function, image, structure, form, symbol, presence
2.The HMT township
and experience in a concurrent manner rather excluding one
3.The ITI township
or more. This will lead to building becoming totally
4.The BEL township
isolated element from the user. Which will be a severe
The Karnataka Slum Clearance Board had built a mere
threat to the city”s sustainable development.. As a result of
2, 125 houses upto 1989.
high demand for Generic building pattern, there is an
The dream of an independent house could still be realized
agglomerating insensitivity towards site topography .
through the revenue layout and housing cooperative
New incremental F.A.R for roads with metro alignment/
societies.
Arterial roads has given rise to huge urban forms which can
House building cooperative societies vide with the BDA in
accommodate any functional space and commercial
their enrollment of members, formation of layouts and
activities creating nuisance to the residential neibourhoods.
distribution of sites.
These layouts form mostly by the employees in the
VIII. COMMON BUILDING TRENDS IN BANGALORE.
Government and Quasi Government undertakings industrial
workers.
Tremendous demand for the residential (which constitutes
As many as 182 layouts were formed and 12, 000 sites
the major part of 2015 Bangalore revised masterpaln) and
distributed in the 2 decades from the Mid 70’s to the Mid
commercial development has led to the vigorous usage of
90’s.
some building materials like cement, glass and solid
ITI acquired a total of 360 acres and 12 guntas in two
concrete blocks.
plots ,this pocessing nearly 100 owners of small plots of
land in the villages of krishnarajpuram, Vijnapuram,
Bytarayanapura, kowdenhalli on old Madras trunk road.
Kengeri Satellite Town in Bangalore South-West and Much desired destination for several MNC’s (Multi-
Yalahanka New Town were built with a view to setup an National Corporations) and software companies. The CBD
ancillaries in the metropolis & there by to provide area around M.G. Road, as the fashionable hub of
employment opportunities. Bangalore, became the maximum choice for corporate
Entry of the private builders into the housing market by the offices, shopping arcades and expensive high-rise
late 1970’s, the image of the city was redefined in at least apartments. This resulted in a new wave of building
two ways- activity, which mainly reflected on glass and steel to give a
1.One- The layout yielded some space to the apartment corporate or global image. This style became popular
complex. among architects who wanted to break away
2.Second-Group housing schemes / office blocks . from pseudo-colonialism This also resulted in more
The city at 2000 onwards saw private Public Partnership complex
model implemented at the BATF to omprove the quality of and unsustainable urban forms. Unfortunately even this
Infrastructure and to enhance the quality of life in the city. new trend in development did not result in creation of
Booming infrastructure also attracted many private builders modern public spaces to cater to citizens,
to come up with lots of Gated community, Huge especially the young and upwardly mobile. Most of these
Apartment complexes with lots of amenities to attract improvement were for the rich, totally ignoring the
foreign investments. comforts of the middle and lower income groups.
Hence as compared to private housing complexes and gated
communities provided by the government is literally ill VII. LOOSING IMAGE OF THE CITY
maintained and locking up a huge spaces amidst the city MARKETS TO MALLS
centers.
The lower income groups and teenagers prefer shopping
VI. CHANGING URBAN BLOCKS from vendors, especially when they hang out in markets
and streets. The traditional neighbourhood and city markets
The 1970’s, a decade of unprecedented economic growth in will continue to serve to people’s need for human
Bangalore, saw a great demand for housing and office interaction but will become increasingly congested over
space, as a result of which is a box-like architecture to time. However these spaces do not present to the human
Achieve the maximum floor area ratio (FAR) at the same interaction needs of teenagers and young upwardly mobile
time people also felt that skyscraper complexes were professionals. Their needs are being currently met by the
necessary for a city to build a national and global image. semi-public spaces inside a building around a open Atrium.
“magnificent skyscrapers” of Public Utility Building and This calls for a study of people’s urban life needs and
Visweswaraya Centre was the emerging image of re-evaluation of existing spaces, drawing conclusions for
Bangalore. These may a milestone in Bangalore to debate development of future public spaces to meet these needs.
upon the evolution of High rise buildings, in contrast to the
Garden city image of the old Bangalore. IX. GARDEN CITY TO FLYOVER CITY
These “skyscrapers” led to lot of reviews and resulted in a
land ceiling act, which restricted the height of buildings. With its lush green landscape, Bangalore was once
The 1980’s saw a rebirth in colonial architecture, with considered a pensioners’ heaven. But the unchecked growth
buildings trying to imitate Gothic, Greco-Roman, of this fastest growing city in Asia is robbing it of its green
Residency and Regency styles. According to cover.
Mrs. Chadavarkar, “… a longing for something more Anyone who has travelled around in India will admit that
ornamental …”, was perhaps the cause for this drift away the term ‘Garden City’ certainly suits Bangalore. Compared
from modern and functional spaces to several other concrete jungles of the country, Bangalore
Somewhere it is felt that Bangalore’s colonial tradition certainly is green. With its history of Fertile gardenswhich
does not exist merely as a phase in architectural history, but produced vegetables,fruits and flowers. Apple cultivation
looks like a solution in which Bangaloreans seek an was known in farms around Bangalore.Many areas of the
identity. Victorian parks and gardens for recreation is still city recallthis earlier history in names such as Pillanna
the much preferred options . Reddy & Bavadekar believe Garden,thulasi thota,Jawaraiha Garden etc..
that “Bangalore's Dravidian roots are being salvaged and About 5 years back, a first-time visitor to Bangalore was
applied as pastiche all over its public architecture, noticing the large number of trees in the City. But now,
almost apologetically trying to conceal its pubs, shopping whenever one looks at old pictures of the City, the drastic
malls and pizza outlets” change that has taken place hits hard.
The second category of architectural style that is still in Booming infrastructure in terms of Flyovers Metro
practice was started in the 1990’s. With the liberalization of Constructions have been compromised for the luster green
the Indian economy Bangalore became a tree lines of Mysore road, West of Chord Road, R.V Road,
K.R.Road,etc.
Bangalore Development Authority (BDA), the main agency regulations which should develop the city towards
responsible for identifying and acquiring land that would be sustainable approaches, to the large scale constructions to
converted into sites, maintains that every care is taken to even in small scale buildings which optimises the
see that new layouts have adequate green cover. In new resource conservation , usage according to the resource
layouts, apart from the avenue trees, it is also necessary to availability and distance of procurement.
maintain 15 per cent of the land for parks.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
X. THE SUSTAINABLE URBAN BLOCK.
The Authors would like to thank the ICCSEM –2013
Sustainable urban forms will only be achievable if they are organizers for giving us an excellent opportunity to express
underpinned by a our thoughts through this paper.
policy background which commits to global sustainability
goals, but leaves
room for local formation and implementation of solutions.
(Williams et al., 2000)
What is Sustainable urban form, and how can it be REFERENCES
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Bangalore’s rapid development has led to congestion in the Concepts
city and pressure on its infrastructure. Thus creating
massive urban forms which are truly not Humane in [13]. Presentation on Tracing the Bangalore’s growth
nature. With growing pressure also anticipated with the no - M.Arch (UD ) 2007 Batch.
- M.Arch(UD) 2006 Batch
stringent building byelaws, there exists a serious -
possibilities of the loosing Image of the city, loosing the [14]. Rudlin David and Falk Nicholas - Sustainable Urban
historic value of the city in the future generations, Neighbourhood
exhaustive usage of resources in terms of building materials Building the 21st Century Home.
or energy, reduction in percentage of land devoted to open [15].Srinivas.Smrithi - Landscapes of Urban memory
spaces and deterioration in the quality of the public spaces. The sacred and the civic in India’s High-Tech city.
Streets which once had only horse drawn carriages and
bicycles commuting on them have to bear the burden of [16].Hudson James - ,Network city ,
Planning the Information Society in Bangalore-,-
today’s high-speed automobile traffic and congestions.. The
narrow streets of Bangalore with the permissive land uses [18].Revised Bangalore Master plan- 2015
of all nature(to certain limits) have not been able to take the
pressure in future. Hence there should be a stringent [19]. Bangalore maps at 1924-Mythic society
regulations need to be placed in terms of building