BREAKING THE STIGMA: THE RAMPANT GENDER INEQUALITY AMONG THE

Page | 1 GRADE 11 STUDENTS IN AMACC-PARAÑAQUE

A SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH PAPER

PRESENTED TO THE

FACULTY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OF AMACC- PARAÑAQUE

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR RSCH – 111 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

BY:

Tulod, John Lloyd P.

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Chapter 1

The Problem and its Background

Introduction

Gender inequality has become one of the societal issues in our country that

the society has to face today. In our country gender inequality happens to be one of the

few forms of discrimination that occurs in the society. Just take the LGBT Community as

an example for this. The LGBT Community is often misunderstood and underestimated

for their capabilities. May it be in the workplace, schools, or even government facilities.

The researchers conducted this research with the sole reason of finding solutions to

exterminate the rampant gender inequality in our society, in our case, the school. The

researchers are attempting to find ways to avoid gender inequality in the span of the

school community. LGBT people are having a hard time dealing with the multiple

gender hate speech that they are facing in the school every single time they are

mistreated by heartless individuals. By conducting this research we are aiming to find

certain evidence on how evident gender inequality can be among the School

Community.
 By conducting this research, the researchers aim to expose the certain cases of

inequality when it comes to gender roles among multiple students. With the sole

purpose of achieving the equilibrium among the different genders, the researchers are
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eager to conduct multiple variants of studies and observations to classify and identify

the certain reasons of why and how rampant the cases of gender inequality is. In

attempt to identify the said events, the researchers are also in pursuit of a concrete

conclusion and a useful and relevant recommendation on how to reduce the occurrence

of the said issue or, if possible to achieve, exterminate the continuous outrage of

inequality among the different aspects of the school.

Background of the Study

This research is the product of the consistency and compassion of the researchers

to identify and clarify the situations that every student experiences in almost a daily

basis. The people who discriminate others just because of their gender are completely

out of hand and irrational. Teenagers are suffering the consequences of the actions of

these kinds of people. The struggle of each adolescent that seems to just grow and

spread furiously day by day is the main factor of this research. The researchers are

determined to find the appropriate solution to finish this issue and finally break the

stigma.
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Statement of the Problem

In today’s generation, the need to separate females and males is widely crucial.

The society lacks the acceptance of the capabilities of a certain individual in doing such

tasks according to their respective genders. Given this case, throughout this study the

researchers aim to answer the following questions:

1. What is the common evidence of gender inequality among the Grade 11

students?

2. Is gender inequality rampant among the Grade 11 students?

3. How evident is gender inequality among the school’s community?

Conceptual Framework

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLES: VARIABLES:

Factors Affecting Performance:

Performance:
1. Abilities
1. Discrimination 2. Social
2. Expectations Interaction
3. Environment 3. Behavior

Figure 1: Schematic Diagram showing the interaction between the

Dependent and Independent Variables of the study

Figure 1: Shows the factors affecting the different performances of the

individual. Portrays the connection between the independent variables
(Discrimination, Expectations, Environment) and the dependent variables
(Abilities, Social Interaction, Behavior)
 Theoretical Framework

The Functionalist Perspective or also known as “Structural Functionalism” is a

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macro sociological perspective that is based on the premise that society is made up of

independent parts each of which contributes to the functioning of the whole society.

(Mill, 1869) The Functionalist Perspective discusses about how every single individual

in a society has to contribute to the entire function of how the society works. This theory

also suggests that Gender Inequality is existent and serves as a way to create a division

of labor or rather, further explaining, this theory suggests that such social system has

particular parts of the entire population who is responsible of specific actions of labor

while another segment is also assigned to conduct certain labor acts. (Giddens, 2001)

According to the Functionalist Perspective, Gender Inequality is an evident societal

issue. In the sense of the given data, the theory supports our study on how evident

Gender Inequality is. The community has different divisions of the work that is assigned

to an individual that it goes beyond the capabilities of the person and therefore resulting

to unfair labor and treatment for the individual.

 Significance of the Study

This study aims to be beneficial for certain individualities among the school’s
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community, it also aims to provide answers on how can it be beneficial for the following:

1. Students

- As the primary targets of this research, students can find this study

beneficiary in the sense of being able to identify what their roles and rights in

performing the assigned tasks and responsibilities upon them.

2. Teachers

- Teachers and academic instructors can also find this research beneficial as a

tool to further widen their ideas and thoughts regarding the issue of gender

inequality among the society.

3. Future Researchers

- This study aims to be a guide for future researchers that will conduct a study

related to this study itself.

 Scope and Delimitation

This study discusses about the rampant cases of Gender Inequality throughout
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the community of AMACC-PARAÑAQUE. As explained in the various parts of the

introduction, Gender Inequality is one of the numerous problems that a student has to

face during the years of his or her studies. The researchers aim to find certain

conclusion on why this is rampant and be able to create a way for these people to lead

a normal and simple high school life. The target participants of this research are the

Grade 11 Students of AMACC-PARAÑAQUE. The researchers are connecting the gaps

between the students who suffer from this issue and the students who are willing to help

those who are affected by it.

 Definition of Terms

Autonomy - The concept of autonomy refers to people’s capacity to make free and
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informed decisions about their lives, enabling them to be and act in accordance with

their own aspirations and desires, given a historical context that makes those possible. 

Decent work - Decent work is the availability of employment in conditions of freedom,

equity, human security and dignity.

Discrimination - The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people,

especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

Equality - The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.

Inequality - Difference in size, degree, circumstances, and so forth; lack of equality.

Sexual Equality - Is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities

regardless of gender
 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

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This chapter tackles about the different related studies and literary works about

the topic Gender equality is one of the large societal issues that our society is currently

facing now. So the Government focuses their attention to the LGBT Community to race

their flag of gender equality because nowadays gender equality is not prioritized in the

means of justifying their democracy in the world. The public make a policy about the

gender inequality and health. So they must have a clear understanding and must be

capable about it. Gender inequality must be removed in higher paying jobs. So that they

can hire women or the people in the LGBT community, and assign them into their

respective responsibilities in the workplace without any discrimination among various

individuals and co-workers. (Routledge, 2018)

According to an article published by (Sanders, 2012), Gender inequality

remains a major barrier to human development. Not only the people in the LGBT

community are suffering from Gender Inequality but also men and women facing this

kind of inequality. All too often, women and girls are discriminated against in Physical

Appearance, Health, with negative consequences for development of their capabilities

and their freedom of choice.

Women of color and transgender individuals experience particularly high levels

of poverty, unemployment. Gender discrimination and sexual harassment in the

workplace. There are some gender inequality that’s very rampant in this generation.

There is always a borderline between the things that guys can do and what the girls
 can't do. In addition to the statement, (Sanders, 2012) also exclaimed that, the

individuals who suffer from such discrimination are also the same people that struggles

to cope with the treatment they receive from the society. Derogatory terms are thrown
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towards them and by this acts, they feel inferior among the other individuals they come

across.

In a recent study conducted by (Karen Human Rights Group, 2018), Sexual

violence remains a widespread problem in Myanmar. According to the Ministry of Home

Affairs, the number of rape cases reported to the authorities increased from 1,100 in

2016 to 1,405 in 2017. However, these figures cannot be taken as an accurate

reflection of the situation on the ground. Social stigma and a culture of victim-blaming

often prevent survivors from reporting sexual violence. Despite these challenges,

survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in Southeast Myanmar are increasingly

coming out to share their stories since the signature of the Nationwide Ceasefire

Agreement.

Some local activists and researchers believe that the #MeToo movement has

influenced some women to break the silence. The Myanmar Times has reported that the

number of reported rape cases has increased by 18.4% from 2016 to 2017. The data

distributed by the organization was fully trivial and according to the gathered

information, the people were also encouraged to step out of their comfort zones and

speak out their thoughts that were long imprisoned by the unending barriers of society

towards women.

Equally important is the way in which benevolent paternalism may reduce

women’s resistance to patriarchy (cf. Jackman, 1994). Benevolent sexism is disarming.

 Not only is it subjectively favorable in its characterization of women, but it promises that

men’s power will be used to women’s advantage, if only they can secure a high-status

male protector. To the extent that women depend on men to be their protectors and
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providers, they are less likely to protest men’s power or to seek their own independent

status. The dependence of women to men has a key role on how they are belittled as

individuals that couldn’t fulfill their roles and responsibilities in the society.

A concrete example of this is a study of (Rudman and Heppen, 2000) found

that college women who implicitly associated male romantic partners with chivalrous

images (e.g., Prince Charming) had less ambitious career goals, presumably because

they were counting on a future husband for economic support. The idealism of women

that being dependent to men’s capabilities to provide them the things they need is

evident in the sense of finding justice for the different roles they have as members of the

society.

Furthermore, women who scored higher in benevolent sexism were more likely to

excuse not only benevolently justified discrimination by non-intimate men but also

overtly hostile discrimination by a husband. The effect occurred only for women without

paid employment, suggesting that women who are highly dependent on male partners

are prone to forgive even hostile acts, perhaps reinterpreting them as a sign of the

husband’s passionate attachment. Thus, women who endorse benevolent sexism are

more likely to tolerate, rather than challenge, sexist behavior when the sexist’s

motivation can be interpreted as being protective rather than identifying it as direct

sexual harassment.
 The information included in this chapter is relevant and has provided crucial

support for the development of this study. In addition, the researchers found the

information helpful in the broadening of their knowledge about the topic.

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Throughout the study, the researchers came up with an overall analysis that the

provided data according to the related literature is trivial and sensible in the process of

formulating this research, also it plays a crucial role in the lives of the people who are

the target beneficiaries of this research.

To wrap up the entire chapter, the provided information based on the different

studies and researches of previous researchers elaborates the evident cases of Gender

Inequality in our society. These studies implies that not only the people that perform

certain acts of discrimination are the problem but also, the people affected by it are

sometimes the reasons why such acts happen. The study itself explains that Gender

Inequality is not a one-sided societal issue but, instead a more broad and complex

problem that both sides have a role that they play in.
 Chapter III

Methodology of the Study

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This chapter discusses about the various methods that the researchers can

utilize while formulating this study. This chapter also connects to what methods are

applicable for the statement of the problem in Chapter I and how it affects the study

itself.

In accordance to the purpose of this chapter, it also provides an insight on how

an individual can identify the numerous variants of procedures in classifying the

required information for the analysis on the evidences of gender inequality among the

school’s community.

Chapter III contains the different methods used in research such as the research

design, the respondents of the study, the procedure of data gathering, the population of

the study and selected sampling techniques, and lastly, the instruments used in the

process of gathering information/data.

The study aims to identify the different cases of Gender Inequality that occurs

among the school community. Thus, having the different respondents among the Grade

11 Students in AMACC-PARAÑAQUE.
 Research Design

For this study, the researchers used the phenomenology-qualitative research

Page design.
| 14 According to the definition of the Center for Innovation in Research and

Teaching (CIRT), the phenomenology method can fully utilize the study because the

said method discusses about how a certain study attempts to understand the different

perceptions of other people and their understanding towards a particular situation. This

method is a crucial factor to ascertain if Gender Inequality is truly evident among the

School’s Community.

In this study, the structured interview method is used because of the efficiency it

provides during the process of collecting data. It uses standardized questions that the

respondents will answer, each respondent will answer the same questions that will then

enable the researchers to easily compare their answers and their behavior to be

assessed. Additionally, the structured interview method can easily be utilized and

repeated whenever there is a lack of reliability in the data provided. The interviewer can

now therefore widen the range of his questions and gather more information. Structured

interviews offer a more informative and understandable view of a certain issue. The

interviewer can constantly change his tone, manner and rephrase certain questions to

further gain responses that will be later compared or contrasted with each other to

achieve the best potential of the study.

 Respondents of the Study

This study is conducted aiming to have respondents who experienced gender

Page inequality
| 15 in their daily lives. The target respondents of this study are the Grade 11

Students who face Gender Inequality among the school’s community. These students

are often the victims of discrimination and bullying with their gender as a basis of all the

hate they receive. Such acts include smart-shaming, throwing gender slurs, and

constant devaluation of an individual’s abilities and capabilities. Given these factors, the

researchers aim to classify the different cases of Gender Inequality inside the school

campus.

Population and Sampling Technique

The populations of this study are the various individuals that experience

gender inequality among the school. The sampling technique used by the researchers

in this study is under the category of Probability Sampling which is the Simple Random

Sampling. Simple Random Sampling discusses of the process that the researchers

used to gather information from their respondents. Respondents are selected by

selecting a group of subjects from a much larger group or a population. By using this

method, each individual will then have the equal chance to be included in the sample.

The researchers believe that gender inequality is evident in the society today that every

individual can also experience it. By using the simple random sampling method, the

researchers aim to get the majority of opinions that they could gather among the

respondents they come across.

 Data Gathering Procedure

The collection of data in this study is divided into different stages that

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correlates to the statement of the problem.

The first stage is the interview phase, the researchers prepare and

formulate different questions that are then checked and authorized by their practical

research teacher for validation. After that, the researchers then proceeded to interrogate

and question the respondents given their permission that they are willing to participate

in the study. Once finished, the next stage in the data gathering is the transcription

stage where the researchers record the interviewee’s responses and create a printed

copy of it for the efficiency of data gathering process. The third stage of the process is

the thematic analysis stage where the researchers then scrutinize, criticize and evaluate

the gathered information from the respondents to be able to proceed to the last stage

which is to classify if the gathered information is exact and accurate for the satisfaction

of the statement of the problem of the study.

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INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTION ANALYSIS RESULTS

Personal Recording andAssessment of

Conclusion
Interrogation the responses
formed
printing of the from
between the responses thefrom the
interviewer respondentsof
gained from assessment
and the the the responses
interviewee respondentsof the
respondents

Figure 2. The Process of Data Gathering

Instrumentation

The interview questions are the primary sources of information that the

researchers utilized throughout this study. The interview instruments contain questions

about circumstances that the respondents face in their daily lives among the school’s

community. The questions also aim to classify the situations that these people found

themselves in.
 Bibliography
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Links and Sources

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354570022000078024

http://www.academia.edu/download/25340325/lorber_feminisms_2010.

https://www.google.com/books?

hl=en&lr=&id=NqoWmrAoQn0C&oi=fnd&pg=PP6&dq=gender+inequality&ots=VP

YA68zbtt&sig=q1btLTwEX8-dcqcUrzNiF5H3u7k

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.153

http://www.prof.chicanas.com/readings/SenInequality.pdf

Literature Used

(Ridgeway, C. L. (2011). Framed by gender how gender inequality persists in the

modern world. New York: Oxford University Press.)

(Evans, M. (2017). The persistence of gender inequality. Cambridge, UK: Polity

Press.)

(Chatterjee, M. (2005). Feminism and gender equality. Jaipur, India: Aavishkar.)

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