Philosophies of Education
PHILOSOPHY PROPONENT KEY CONCEPTS
Progressivism Dewey and Parker - Curriculum content comes from the questions and
interests of the students
- Focuses on the child as a whole rather than of the
content or the teacher
Existentialism Sartre and - Man’s freewill
Kierkegard - Subject matter is personal choice
- Learning is based on the willingness of the
student to choose and give meaning to the subject
- Freedom
- Autonomy
- Choice
- Individual decision making
Pragmatism Dewey, Pierce and - Deals with specific situations instead of ideas and
James theories
- Involves students to work in groups
- Stresses on the application of what have been
learned rather than the transfer of the organized
body of knowledge
- experimentation, project making and problem
solving
Constructivism Piaget - Individual constructs knowledge based on his
experience (prior knowledge)
- Teachers as facilitator of learning
- Learner centered
Cognitivism Bruner - Learning is an active process
- The learner selects and transforms information,
constructs hypotheses, and makes decisions,
relying on a cognitive structure to do so
Idealism Socrates, Plato, - ideas are the only true reality, the ultimate truths
Descartes for matter is nothing but just a mere
representation of ideas
- emphasis is given on subjects—philosophy,
literature, religion and history—that will develop
and enhance the mind of the child
- character development is through emulation of
examples and heroes
- methods used in teaching include lecture,
discussion and Socratic dialogue
Essentialism Bagley and Bestor - Go back to the basic, 3 R’s
- Schooling is practical for this will prepare
students to become competent and valuable
members of the society
- Stresses the values of hard work, perseverance,
discipline and respect to authorities
Behaviorism Pavlov, Watson, - Human beings are shaped entirely by the
James, Thorndike, environment
Skinner, Locke - use of rewards and incentives
- man has no free will
Perennialism Hutchkins - subject matter-centered teaching
- emphasis is on general education
- authoritarian approach to teaching
- use of Great Books
- eternal, ageless, unchanging
Empiricism Locke - man derives knowledge from his senses or
experience
Rationalism - man derives knowledge through reasoning
Social Brameld and - social development, social reform, social changes
Reconstructionism Counts
Humanism - a doctrine, attitude or a way of life centered on
human interests or values
- curriculum includes subjects concerning literary
appreciation, physical education, social training in
manners and development
Naturalism Rousseau, - naturalism stands for a democratic and universal
Pestalozzi and way-everyone must be educated in the same
Spencer manner
- emphasis is given more on the physical
development, informal exercise and hygiene of
the person rather of the 3 R’s
- aims to unfold the child’s potential not to prepare
him for a definite vocation or social position-but
to prepare him to adapt to the changing times and
needs
Hedonism - Pleasure is the only good
Epicureanism
Realism Aristotle - the most effective way to find about reality is to
study it through organized, separate and
systematically arranged matter—emphasis is on
subject matter concerning Science and
Mathematics
Utilitarianism - morally action is one that helps the greatest
number of people
LEARNING TO BE Personal Development (Affective)
LEARNING TO DO Competence and Skills (Psychomotor)
LEARNING TO KNOW Acquiring of Information (Cognitive)
LEARNING TO LIVE TOGETHER KINDNESS (Affective)
A baby is a GEF from
God.
TMAD IGII IRII GSID
HoW PC Fid Love Care and Wisdom
