isxy, idys;H ix.

%yh

10 - 11 fYa%‚

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

m<uqjk uqøKh 2014
fojk uqøKh 2015
f;jk uqøKh 2016
isõjk uqøKh 2017
miajk uqøKh 2018
yhjk uqøKh 2019
y;ajk uqøKh 2020

ish¨ ysñlï weúßKs

ISBN 978-955-25-0381-8

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

mdk¿j" mdÿlal msysá rcfha uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dfõ
uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'
Published by: Educational Publications Department
Printed by: State Printing Corporation, Panaluwa, Padukka.

ii
 Y%S ,xld cd;sl .Sh

Y%S ,xld ud;d
wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d
iqkaor isßnßkS" iq/¢ w;sfidanudk ,xld
OdkH Okh fkl u,a m,;=re msß ch N+ñh ruHd
wmyg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;d
ms<s.kq uek wm Nla;s mQcd
kfuda kfuda ud;d
wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d
Tn fõ wm úoHd
Tn u h wm i;Hd
Tn fõ wm Yla;s
wm yo ;=< Nla;s
Tn wm wdf,dafla
wmf.a wkqm%dfKa
Tn wm Ôjk fõ
wm uqla;sh Tn fõ
kj Ôjk foñfka ks;sk wm mqnqÿ lrka ud;d
{dk ù¾h jvjñk /f.k hkq uek ch N+ñ lrd
tl ujlf. ore le, neúkd
huq huq ù fkdmud
fm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r od kfuda kfuda ud;d
wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d

iii
iv
v
kshdukh yd wëlaIKh
ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl
wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a"
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

fufyhùu ví,sõ' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ^ixj¾Ok&
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

iïnkaëlrKh
m%.S;sld chfialr
ksfhdacH flduidßiaa
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ixialdrl uKav,h
chka; wurisxy uydpd¾h
reyqKq úYajúoHd,h
mS' tA' ã' rejks isiscd iyldr lÓldpd¾h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
Y%shdks wfíúl%u ksfhdacH wOHlaI
NdId yd udkj Ydia;% wxYh
wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
tÉ'Ô' iqis,a isßfiak fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h
wOHdmk úoHd mSGh" ydmsá.u
m%.S;sld chfialr ksfhdacH flduidßia
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
NdId ixialrKh
mQcH w.,lv isßiquk ysñ uydpd¾h
fld<U úYajúoHd,h

vi
f,aLl uKav,h
mqIamd l¿wdrÉÑ .=re WmfoaYsld
l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" r;akmqr
tï' tA' tA' mS' u,a,jwdrÉÑ .=re WmfoaYl
fldÜGdi wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" ksljeráh
fla' ù' ã' iS' tka' wfíisxy .=re fiajh
.sß$ oUfo‚h uyd úoHd,h" oUfo‚h

fidaÿm;a lshùu
ch;a mshoiqka

msgljr ks¾udKh
fÊ' tÉ' ufkdaßld m%shx.kS wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh

tia' ù' Ô' trx.d È,arelaIs wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

fÊ' tÉ' ufkdaßld m%shx.kS wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

fk,ald m%idÈkS wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

vii
viii
 mgqk

msgq wxl

1 i;r lka uka;%Kh 1

2 .=;a;s, fjK ko 19
3 ydkd ySh mdkd w`vyefrka oefka 39
4 neoafoa.u 43
5 uqks isßmd isôñkafka 55
6 .x.dfõ ix.S;h 59
7 f,k w;yer hEu 62

8 w`.=,au,a oukh 70
9 W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;ayqf.a jia;=j 79
10 lEr.,h jecfUhs fï f,iska isg''' 84
11 u. úis;=re 89
12 l=ryka bisuqj l¿jr n,d,d 97
13 wmg jeisls<shla 99
14 Èhuka;s ud,h 110
15 oEf;a lr.eg isU ikikakg''' 122
16 jiaidkh 125
Wm.%ka:h
² isxy, idys;H b;sydih ieflúka 128

ix
 ixialdrl igyk
2015 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul ùug kshñ; kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wkql+, j iïmdokh
lr we;s fuu 10-11 fY%a‚ isxy, idys;H ix.%yh fm<fmd;" w;S;fha isg j¾;udkh
olajd úúO f,aLlhka úiska iïmdokh flreKq ks¾udKd;aul idys;H lD;sj,ska
Wmqgd .ekqKq WoaOD; we;=<;a idys;Huh WoaOD; iuqÉphlska iukaú; h' cd;sl
wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska ks¾ÈIag tu idys;Huh WoaOD;j,g wÞ< ixlaIsma;
úia;rhla fyda ks¾udKfha l¾;D ms<sn| ye¢kaùula o fuu fmdf;a wka;¾.; fõ'
fuys mdvï wkqms<sfj< cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska iïmdÈ; mdvï wkql%uhg
wkql+, j ilia lr we;'

fuu fm<fmdf;a we;=<;a idys;Huh WoaOD; bf.kSfï § jeo.;a jk iïNdjH

isxy, idys;Hh ms<sn| ft;sydisl úia;rhla ieflúka fmd; wjidkfha Wm
.%ka:hla f,i Tnf.a wu;r ±kqu i|yd tla lr we;' tmuKla fkdj iïNdjH
isxy, idys;H lD;sj,ska Wmqgd .;a WoaOD;j, we;eï ÿrjfndaO fhÿï i|yd w¾:
meyeÈ,s lsÍï we;=<;a lr ;sîu Tnf.a wOHhk ld¾hhg myiqjla fj;ehs wfmalaId
lf<uq'

Tfí .=rejrhdf.a u. fmkaùu iys; j fuu idys;Huh WoaOD; yÞrd isxy, idys;Hh
ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug;a ;j ;j;a isxy, idys;Hh yeoEÍug fhduq
ùug;a Tng yels jkq we;' tfuka u idys;H mßYS,kfhka ,nk Ôú; mß×kh
Tfí u;= Ôú;h id¾:l lr .ekSug o bjy,a fõjd hkak wmf.a m%d¾:khhs'

fuu fmdf;a we;=<;a f,aLkj, uq,a l¾;Djrekag wmf.a m%Kduh msßkuk w;r
fuu fm<fmd; iïmdokfha § úúO wdldrfhka iyfhda.h ±lajQ ish¨ fokd
lD;{;d mQ¾jl j isysm;a lruq

ixialdrl uKav,h

x
 1 i;r lka uka;%Kh

^l=reKE., wjêh&
mkaish mkia cd;l fmd; 14 jk ishjfiys l=reKE., rc l< i;r jk
mKaä; mrdl%undyq rc oji ùrisxy m%;srdc kue;s weue;sjrhdf.a wkq.%yfhka
isxy,hg k.d we;s nj lshefõ' fï i|yd uQ,dY%h fldg .;a .%ka:h jkafka md,s
cd;lÜGl:dj hs'
isxy, mkaish mkia cd;l fmd; uq,a lD;sfhys Rcq mßj¾;khla fkd fõ' cd;l
.d:d iaj,amhla olakg ,eîu;a" ffjhHdlrK ^.d:dj, woyia yd jpk úia;r&
fldgi olakg fkd ,eîu;a" w;S; l;dj wLKavj bÈßm;a lsÍu;a isxy, cd;l
l;d fmdf;ys ,laIK fõ' ‘mkaish mkia cd;l l;d fmd;’ f,i ye¢kajQj o
tys ienúka u we;af;a cd;l l;d 547ls'
isxy, cd;l l;djkag kshñ; wdlD;shla olakg we;' tA wkqj"
j¾;udk l;dj"
w;S; l;dj"
ifudaOdkh
hk ,laIK" isxy, cd;l l;dj ;=< olakg ,efnk wx. hs'
cd;l fmd; weiqre lr f.k rÑ; mßjdr .%ka: rdYshla o fõ' cd;l fmd;
isxy,hg ke.=Kq miqj o fjka fjka jYfhka cd;l l;d ,shù we;' Wïu.a.
cd;lh" t¿ Wuxodj" Wïuoka;s cd;lh tn÷ .%ka: lSmhls' uqjfoõodj;" iiodj; yd
lõis¿ñK cd;l l;d weiqfrka rÑ; .S ldjH hs' ldjHfYaLrh" .=;a;s, ldjHh"
i| ls÷re od lj" l=i cd;l ldjHh" oyï fid~ od lj" fjiaika;r cd;lh" uqj
cd;lh" ksñ cd;lh" lõñ‚ fldf~d," lõñ‚ u,a ou wdÈh o cd;l fmd;
weiqfrka ìys jQ ldjH .%ka: hs'
Wïu.a. cd;lh rpkd lsÍfï wruqK ù we;af;a ufy!IO mç;=udf.a nqoaê uysuh
m%ldY lsÍu hs' cd;l l;d w;r §¾>;u l;dj jk fuys ufy!IO m`ä;=ud l=vd
wjêfha isg ish kqjK fufyhjd lghq;= lrk wdldrh;a rcqg fiajh lsÍfï §
i;=re l=uka;%K mrod rdcHh yd cSú; fírd .ekSug WmdhYS,Sj lghq;= lrk
wdldrh;a úia;r flf¾' ta ch.%yKh ,nkafka lsis ÿ cSú; ydkshla isÿ fkd jk
wdldrhg ùu fuys úfYaI;ajhls' Wïu.a. cd;lfha tk i;r lka uka;%Kfha
isg O¾u hqoaOh f;la fldgi fï mdvug we;=<;a fõ'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 1

 i;r lka uka;%Kh
t iufhys W;a;r m[apd, kqjr n%yauo;a; kï rÊcqre flfkla rdcHh flfr;s'
tA rÊcqrejkg flajÜg kï nuqKq flfkla w¾:fhka O¾ufhka wkqYdikd
lrkakdy' W! ;=uQ kqjKe;a;dy" úh;a;dy' tA flajÜgdpdß tla ojila ;=uQ w¨hï
fõf,ys msìo" iqj| f;f,ys kÕk ,o myka wdf,dalfhka .kaOodu mqIamodudj,ïì;
kd kd j¾K úÑ;% ú;dfkdam,laIs; w,xlD; Y%S hyka .¾Nh n,kakdyq uy;a
jQ iïm;a ±l" ‘fï udf.a hii ljqreka ika;l foda fyda’ hs is;kakdyq ‘wfkla
flfkl=ka ika;l fkd fjhs¦ pQ,kS n%yauo;a; kï rÊcqrejka ika;l h' fun÷
iïm;a ÿka rÊcqrejka ish¨ oUÈjg w. rc lf<d;a hym;' t fia jqj fyd;a uu;a
w.% mqfrdays; fjñ’ hs is;d" WoEikla fia u rÊcqrejka iómhg f.dia ? oji
iqjfhka ks¢ ,;a mßÈ úpdrd" “foajhka jykai" fldg-msh hq;= l:dfjla we;”hs
lSy' rÊcqrefjda" “lshj" wdpdÍks” hs lSy' “foajhka jykai" we;=¿ kqjr § ryia
lshkakg fkdms<sjk' uÕ=,a Whkg hïy” hs lSy' rÊcqrefjda “hym; wdpdÍks” hs
lshd nuqKka yd iu. Whkg f.dia" fiakdj msg; isgqjd jg fldg rlj,a ,jd
nuqKka yd iu. we;=¿ Whkg jeo uÕ=,a i,a jfgys yqkay'

.srd mKaä;fhda fï l%shdj ±l" ‘fï tla ldrKhla jqj uekej' wo mKaä;hka
jykafiag lsh hq;= lsisjla wiñ’ hs Whkg jeo" uÕ=,a i,a .i fld< w;r ieÕù yqkay'
rÊcqrefjda nuqKdKkag" “lsh hq;= ryia lshj" wdpdÍks” hs lSy' “foajhka jykai"
kqU jykafiaf.a lk uE;g kud ¨j uekej' fï uka;%Kh i;r lka uka;%Kh kï
jkafka h' tA fyhska kqU jykafiaf.a fo lk yd uf.a fo lk uq;a wfkla lklg
fkdhd hq;= jkafka h' bÈka foajhka jykai" ud lSjd lrk fiala kï ish¨ oUÈjg
kqU jykafia w. rc fldg ,ñ” hs lSy' pQ,kS n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda o uy;a jQ
rdcH f,daNfhka hqla; neúka nuqKkaf.a nia wid i;=gq je" “lshj wdpdÍks" f;dm
lSjdla flfró” hs lSy'

“foajhka jykai" wms fiakdj /ia fldg f.k m<uq fldg l=vd kqjrla jg fldg
.kqïy' uu l=reì,sfhka we;=¿ kqjrg jeo" tA kqjr rÊcqrejkg" ‘foajhks" f;dm yd
wm yd igka fldg ldßfhla ke;s¦ yqfola wm k;= jj' f;dmf.a rdcHh f;dmg u
jkafka h¦ igka fldf<da kï wmf.a fiakd jdyk uy;a fyhska tAldka;fhka u
mrÿj’ hs lshñ' bÈka ud lS f,i fkdfldf<da kï" igka fldg w,a,d f.k urd
mshd Wkaf.a fiakdj;a yer f.k wfkla kqjrlg hïy' tA kqjr;a tfia u hg;a
fldg f.k" bka wfkla kqjfrle hs fï ieáfha u ish¨ oUÈj rdcHh f.k ‘ch
mdkh wkqNj lrïy’ hs lshd tla ishhla rcorejka wmf.a kqjrg f.kZjq;a Whke §
rd uKav,hla idod Wka yeu fokd ‘rd fndkakg he’ hs rd ueç,af,a ys÷jd,d úI
fhdod lrk ,oaod jQ rd wkqNj lrjd Wka yeu fokd u Ôú; úkdYhg muqKqjd
.Õ Èhg oud tla ishhla rdcOdksfhys rdcHh w;a m;a fldg .kqïy' t fia l,ays
kqU jykafia ish¨ oUÈjg w. rc jk fiale” hs lSy' rÊcqrefjda “hym; wdpdÍks"
f;dm lS f,i u flfró” lSy' “foajhka jykai" fï uka;%Kh i;r lka uka;%Kh
2
kï fjhs¦ wfkla flkl=ka o; fkd yelafla h' tfia fyhska l,a fkdhjd hym;a
kelef;lska jyd kslauqKq uekeje” hs lSy' rÊcqrefjda “hym;e” hs .súiaidy'

.srd fmda;lfhda ta uka;%Kh wid ksujd" Wka fofokd uka;%Kh fldg wka;fhys §"
id,af,l ,d,d md;g ndk flkl=ka fuka flajÜg nuqKd ysie j¾pia ms~la fy<d"
‘lsfula ±’ hs lg o,ajd f.k Wv neÆ ;eke;a;jqkaf.a uqLfha keje; j¾pia ms~la
fy<d" “l%Ska” hk wkqlrKfhka y~ñka fld<’;af;ka Wv ke`.S" “flajÜgh" f;da
;udf.a uka;%Kh i;r lka uka;%K he hs is;hs o@ oeka u ilka je .sfha h'
keje; wg lklg f.dia" miq j fkdfhla ish lklg hkafka he” hs lSy' .srjd
“fld," .kqj” hs lshoa§ u mjkg n÷ jQ fõ.fhka mshdir fldg ñhq¨ kqjrg f.dia
ufy!IO mKaä;hka jykafiaf.a m%didohg jkay'

tA .srd mKaä;hkaf.a fu n÷ jf;la we;af;a h' bÈka lsis f;fklska f.kd yiakla
mKaä;hka jykafiag muKla lsh hq;= ù kï Wka jykafiaf.a oirejg niakdy¦
bÈka wurd foaùkq;a weiqj ukd ù kï welfhys f.dia ys¢kdy¦ bÈka fndfyda fokd
weiqj ukd ù kï ìug niakdy' tojia .srd mKaä;fhda mKaä;hka jykafiaf.a
oirefjys nei Wkay' tA i,l=fKka" ‘ryie ì‚h hq;= he’ hs wurd foaùka yd
fndfyda fok bj;aj .shy' mKaä;hka jykafia iqj fmda;lhka yer f.k u;=
ud,a ;,hg ke`.S" ‘in|" f;dm úiska l=ula olakd ,o o¦ l=ula wik ,o ±’ hs úpd<
fial' blaì;s .srd mKaä;fhda fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiag" “uu" foajfhks" ish¨
oUÈj wfkla rÊcqre flkl=ka iómfhka lsis Nhla fkd Èáñ' W;a;r mxpd, kqjr
pQ,kS n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejkaf.a flajÜg kï mqfrdays;hdfKda rÊcqrejka Whkg
f.k f.dia" i;r lka uka;%Khla l<y' uu uÕ=,a i,a .ie w;a;la we;=f<a ieÕeù
ys|" uka;%Kh wid ksujd f.k flajÜg nuqKd lge j¾pia ms~la fy<d mshd
wdó” hs lshd ish¨ ;uka ÿgq foh;a weiQ foh;a mKaä;hkg ±kajQy' Wka jykafia
úiska —rÊcqrefjda .súiafida ±” hs úpd< l,ays" “.súiakd ,o he" foajfhks” hs lSy'
mKaä;hka jykafia .srd fmda;lhkg l< ukd i;aldr fldg fyj;a ófhka yekQ
ú,| ljd" ó meka fmdjd" fí;a f;,ska mshd iÕ< ue~" fudf<dla we;sß,s w;=rk
,o rka ueÈßfhys i;mamd" “flajÜghd ud ufy!IO mKaä; nj fkd oks;Ss” hs
is;ñ' “±ka Tyq l< uka;%Kh uqÿka meñK fkd foñ” hs is;d" we;=¿ kqjr yqka
È<s÷ka msg;a lrjd msá kqjr ,ejQ fial' msá ráka okjqj,ska i;r jdi, kshï .ï
i;ßka jia;%dNrK OkOdkHd§ka iuDoaO jQ biqreu;=ka f.kajd we;=¿ kqjr jeiajQ
fial¦ fndfyda OkOdkH /ia lrjQ fial'

pQ,kS n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda o flajÜghkaf.a nia f.k" yia;HYajdÈ fikÕ msßjrd

f.dia tla l=vd kqjrla jg,d .;ay' flajÜg nuqKq ;ud hg lS ieáfha u l=reì,sfhka
we;=¿ kqjrg jeo ldrKdldrK tA rÊcqrejkg lshd ;uka jiÕ fldgf.k"
fo fiakdj tla fldgf.k wfkla kqjfrl rÊcqrejkehs fu fia pQ,kS n%yauo;a;
rÊcqrefjda flajÜgdpdÍkaf.a wjjdofhys isg tA fõfoay rÊcqrejka ;nd fiiq ish¨
oUÈj rc orejka ;uka k;= l<y' fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia úiska tA tA rÊcqrejka
iómfhys isgqjk ,o mqreIfhda o" “n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejka úiska wo jlg fuf;la
3
 kqjr .kakd ,o" mKaä;hka jykai" fkdmud jk fialaj” hs lshd ksrka;rfhka
yiqka tjkakdy' Wka jykafia o tA fhdaOhkg" “uu fuys mudjla ke;af;ñ' f;ms
Wlg,S fkd je fkdmud je jij” hs lshd hjk fial'

n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda i;a yjqreÿ i;a uia i;a ojfilska fõfoay rÊcqrejkaf.a rdcHh
;nd fiiq oUÈj rdcHhka f.k flajÜg nuqKkg" “wdpdÍks" ñhq¨ kqjr fõfoay
rÊcqrejkaf.a rdcHh .kqïy” hs lSy' “foajhka jykai" ufy!IO mKaä;hka jik
kqjr rdcHh .kakg fkdfmdfydi;=ïy' tA mKaä;fhda jkdys fu n÷ kqjKe;a;dy'
b;d u Wmdhjka;hy” hs" fu fia tA flajÜg nuqKq wdpdß úia;r fldg" i|
u~f,ys w|kd flkl=ka fuka uy fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a .=K rÊcqrejkg lSy'
tA wdpdß ;=uQ;a Wmdhj;ayq u h' tfia fyhska “ñhq¨ kqjr rdcHh kï b;d iaj,am h'
ish¨ oUÈj rdcHh wmg iEfyhs' tla rdcHhlska wmg ldßh lsï ±@” hs Wmdfhka
rÊcqrejka .súiaiQy' fiiq rc orefjda “wms ñhq¨ kqjr rdcHh f.k u ck mdkh
fndïy” hs lshkakd" flajÜg wdpdß Wkqka ldrK lshd j<ld" “fõfoay rdcHh f.k
l=ula lrfuda o@ tA rÊcqrefjda;a wm k;=fjda u h' kj;=j” hs tla ishhla rc orejka
Wmdfhka .súiaiQy' tA rÊcqrefjda flajÜg kï nuqKkaf.a nia wid ñhq¨ kqjrg hk
.uka keje;a;dy' fndai;dKka jykafiag Tn jykafiaf.a pr mqreIfhda" “n%yauo;a;
rÊcqrefjda tla ishhla rc orejka msßjrd ñhq¨ kqjrg kslauqKdyq kej; ;ukaf.a
kqjrg u ke`.S .shy” hs yiqka tjQy' fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia o tA mqreIhkg
“fu ;eka mgka fldg rÊcqrejka lrk l%shdjka ±k tjkafka he” hs lshd kej;
yiqka hejQ fial' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda o flajÜghka yd iu. “úI ñY% iqrd mdkh
wkqNj lrjd rc orejka ueÍï ixLHd; tA lghq;a; ±ka lrïy” hs uka;%Kh
fldg" “wms ch mdkh fndïy” hs lshd" “uÕ=,a Whk k÷ka Whkla fia irid oyia
.Kka l+vïj, rd mqrd ;índ wfkal m%ldr uijq¿ tA tA ia:dkfhys j<ka mqrd /ia
fldg ;nj”hs wud;Hhkag úOdk l<y' t mj;a mKaä;hka jykafiag wka;iair
mqreIfhda lshd hejQy' Tyq jkdys úI fhdod rÊcqrejka urkq leue;s kshdj fkd
oks;s¦ uy fndai;dKka jykafia jkdys .srd fmda;lhka w;ska weiQ neúka okakd
fial' t fia fyhska Wka jykafiaf.a wka;iairhkag “ch mdkh fndk ojia kshu
fldg lshd tjjq” he hs kej; yiqka hejQ fial' tA fhdaOfhda jod< f,i u ojia
kshu fldg hejQy'

tA wid mKä;hka jykafia ‘ud n÷ mKaä; flkl=ka Ôj;a je yskao § u fuf;la

rc orejka ñh hdu hqla; fkdjkafka h' Wkg ud msgqjy,a jqj uek je’ hs is;d"
;uka jykafia yd tl ojie Wmka fhdaOhka oyi nKjd “in¢ks" pQ,ks n%yauo;a;
rÊcqrefjda Whk iryjd tla ishhla rc orejka msßjrd iqrd mdkh wkqNj lrkq
leue;af;da h' f;ms Tn f.dia rÊcqrejkag wiqka mkjdÆ l, lsis flkl=ka
fkdys¢kd ;=re u pQ,kS n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejka ys¢kg mekejQ wiakg blaì;s mekejQ
ud weÕs wiakla" ‘wmf.a rÊcqrejkag he’ hs f.k" tA rc orejkaf.a fiakdj úiska"
‘f;ms ljqrekaf.a fiakd ±@’ hs lS l, ‘fõfoay rÊcqrejkaf.a fiakd jïy’ h lshj'
‘lsfula o@ wms i;a yjqreÿ i;a uia i;a ojil uq¿,af,ys oUÈj rdcH .kakfuda"
4
tl ojil=;a fõfoay rÊcqre flkl=ka kqÿgqïy' fõfoay rÊcqrefjda kï ljryq o@
hj" Wkg jqjukd ù kï fl<jr wiakla .kqj’ hs f;dm yd iu`. l,y lrkakdy'
f;ms ‘n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejka úkd wmf.a rÊcqrejkag jeä ;rï flfkla ke;e’ hs
l,y jvd f.k" ‘wmf.a rÊcqrejkg wiak muKl=;a fkd,nkakfuda" ±ka f;dm
rd;a msh fkd foïy’ hs ‘uia wjq¿ wdÈh;a lE fkd foïy’ hs jdis fnfKñka
isxy kdo weiQ uqj fmd,a,ka mßoafoka f;dmf.a wNS; Yíofhka u Wka Nh .kajd
huq.=re nd ,d ish¨ rd uia msrE ie<j,a ì| ;+ ;+ fldg mshd jyd rd uia wjq¿
úiqrejd fkd lE yels mßoafoka fldg Èùfuka f.dia fiakd uOHhg jeo" Yl%
mqrhg jka wiqr Nghka mßoafoka uy;a wr., fldg" ‘wms ñhq¨ kqjr ufy!IO
mKaä;hkaf.a fhdaOhïy' ms<sjka ù kï wm w,a,d .kqj’ hs f;dm .sh nj yÕjd
tj” hs lshd fhdaOhka oyi hejQ fial'

tA fhdaOfhda;a fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia jod< nia uqÿkska ms<sf.k je| iuq f.k
ÿkq" uq.=re" wvhá" m;afldfyd,a" mdrdj<¨ he hk m[apdhqO ikakoaO je W;=re
mi,a okjqje kqjrg f.dia k÷ka Whk fuka iryk ,o Whkg jeo" kÕk ,o o<
mq~q fiai;a we;s tla ishhla rdcdik wdÈ jQ ms<sfh, fldg ;nk ,o Y%S úN+;Ska ±l"
uy fndai;dKka jykafia úiska jÞrk ,o l%ufhka u ish,a, fldg fiakd uOHhg
jeo fndfyda fok lafIdaN fldg ;ukaf.a ñhq¨ kqjrg m,d .shy'

ñhq¨ kqjr jg,Eu

pQ,kS rc o ‘tla ishhla rc orejka urk ms‚i YDx.s ,d bÈ lrk ,o fun÷ iqrd mdkh
ufy!IO mKaä;hka úiska ndOd flf<a he’ hs lsmsfha h' tla ishhla rc orefjda o"
‘wmg ch mdkh î .; kqÿkay’ hs lsmsfhda h' fiakdj o" ‘wms fkdñ,fha fndk iqrd
mdkh fkd,oaoïy’ hs lsmshy' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda o tla ishhla rc orejka nKjd"
“tj" mskaj;aks" ñhq¨ kqjr f.dia fõfoay rÊcqrejkaf.a bi ;,ameka m,la u~kd
fia lvqfjka lmd mshd fo mhska ue~ f.k ys| ch mdkh fndïy' fiakdj .ukg
ieriS f.k tk mßoafoka úOdkh lrj” hs lshd kej; ryis.; je flajÜghkg o
t mj;a lshd" “wmf.a fun÷ uka;%Khg ndOd l<d jQ miñ;=rd .kqïy¦ tla ishhla rc
orejka yd wgf<dia wlafI!ys‚hla muK fiakdj yd msßjrd tA ñhq¨ kqjrg hïy'
wm yd leá j tj" wdpdÍks” hs lS y' nuqKdfKda ;uka kqjKe;s fyhska ‘ufy!IO
mKaä;hka oE .kakg fkdms<sjk' .sfhd;a wmg uy;a ,Êcd jkakS h' ldrK
lshd rÊcqrejka kj;ñ’ hs is;d" rÊcqrejkag “foajfhks" fï fõfoay rcyqf.a
n,fhla fkd fjhs" ufy!IO mKaä;hkaf.a úOdk he' W! ;=uQ uydkqNdj we;a;dy'
tA ufy!IO mKaä;hka úiska rlakd ,o ñÓ,d kï rdcOdksh isxyhl= úiska rlakd
,o rka .,a .=ydjla mßoafoka fjk lsis flkl=ka úiska .kakg fkdyelalS h'
.sfhd;a yqfola wmg u ,Êcd jkakS h' Tn .uk fkdleue;af;ñ” hs fufia lSy'
rÊcqrefjda jkdys rdc udkfhka o biqre uofhka o u;a je oKavlska myrk ,o
i¾m rdchl= fia fldamfhka È,syS" “tA ufy!IOhd l=ula flf¾ oe@” hs lshd"
tfia u wNsudkmqriair jQ tla ishhla rcorejka msßjrd fõrïn jd;fhka
5
 ye<,S .sh uyd id.rh fia fldam kue;s jd;fhka ye<,S .sh wgf<dia
wlafI!ys‚hla fiakdfjka hqla; je kslauqKdy' flajÜgfhda o ;ukaf.a
nia rÊcqrejka is;g kxjd .; fkdyS" ‘rÊcqrejkag mgye‚ ùu kï hqla;
fkd fjhs’ is;d" rÊcqrejka yd iu. kslauqKdy'

fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia úiska n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejkaf.a ch mdkh úèjxikh

lrkakg tjk ,oaod jQ oyila fhdaOfhda ;uka wd lghq;= iïmdokh fldg tla
ojiska u rd;%sh uq¿,af,ys f.dia ñhq¨ kqjrg meñK" ;uka l< lghq;= mKaä;hka
jykafiag ±kajQy' m<uq tA tA rÊcqrejka iómhg hjk ,oaod jQ pr mqreIfhda o
mKaä;hka jykafiag" “pQ,kS n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda ‘fõfoay rÊcqrejka .kqïy’ hs
tla ishhla rcqka msßjrd tkakdy' mKaä;hka jykai" mud fkdjk
fialaj” hs yiqka tjQy; “wo wiqj,a f;k ,e.=ï .;a;dy' wo jkdys kqjrg
tkakdy” hs mKaä;hka jykafiag ksrka;rfhka yiqka tjkakdy' tA wid uy
fndai;dKka jykafia jvd,d u l< ukd úOdkfhys fkdmud jQ fial' fõfoay
rÊcqrefjda jkdys “fï kqjr .kakg t;a ,” hs mrïmrd Yíofhka weiQy'

blaì;s n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda fmr ikaOHdfjys u .kakd ,oaod jQ ,laI .Kka o~q
jeg myka wdf,dalfhka f.dia ish¨ i;a fhdÿka ñhq¨ kqjr msßjrd .;ay' flfia
jg fldf<da o h;a:- m<uq fldg md fmdf<da w., jgd rka ikakdy ,k ,oaod jQ"
rka ie;a" rka fmdfrdaÿ wdÈ yia;H,xldrfhka iryk ,oaod jQ" fidçka .kakd
,o uq.=re we;s" f,day m%dldr ù kuq;a msáka wek iqkq úiqkq lrkakg iu¾: Yla;s
we;s" folfmd,h yd fldaIh yd hk ;=ka ;ekska jEfykakd jQ tla uofhlska o tu
hf:dala; ia:dk ;=k yd folka isÿre yd foweia isÿre yd he hs hk ima; ia:dkfhka
jEfykakd jQ tla uohlska o ima; ia:dkh yd fokdidmqgh" .=o ud¾.h yd hk oY
ia:dkfhka jEfykakd jQ tla uofhlska ±’ hs fufia .s,sfyk ;=ka uofhlska hqla; jQ"
i¾jdNrKfhka úN+Is; ch wl=iq yd f;daurdÈ wdhqO .;a w;a we;s j msg ys¢kd
we;rejka úiska .ejiS .;a" tA rÊcqrejkaf.a fldam kue;s .skafkka keÕs ÿï l| fia
Wia ù" lka;,ska lka;, .id isgqjk ,oaod jQ we;a j<,af,lska o hqoaOhg ,k ,oaod jQ
ikakdy we;s wYajd,xldrfhka iryk ,o iskaÿ ldïfndac fhdakldÈ W;a;u
foaYfhys Wmkakd jQ kdkdNrK m%;suKaä; je ikakdy ikakoaO je msg ys¢kd
wirejka úiska .ejiS .;a ‘i;=rd yiq fldg .ksñ’ hs To jeähd jQ rÊcqrejkaf.a is;a
kue;s wdldY .x.dfhys ì¢-ì£ Èfjkakd jQ r<m;r fia hqoaOhg msôkd ,o ldy,
Yíofhka i;=gq je mek-mek isákd jQ .%Sjh .id isgqjk ,oaod jQ wia j<,af,lska o
isxy iï" jHd>% iï wdÈ iï w;=rk ,oaod jQ r:d,xldrfhka iryk ,o kÕk ,o
kdkd j¾K èjc mÙla;s we;s" ffikaOjhka fhdok ,o" i¾jd,xldrfhka ie/yS
msge n¢kd ,o ysfhdjqre we;s je kefÕk ,o Okq¾Orhka úiska Wm,laIs; jQ fiakd
kue;s iuqøfhka kex.d jQ uy ;,a uia le, fia ßh ilska ßh il .id isgqjk ,o
r: j<,af,lska o ‘isoaOd¾: l=udrhka iu ;sia mereï mqrd uq¿ fldg f.k fndaê
øeufhl msájy,a ,Èka i;a ;sia fndaêmdlaIsl O¾u ixLHd; fhdaOhka n, fldg
f.k úÿriqka wrd nqÿ jkakg Wka fõf,ys ch .ekau ms<sjka fõ j hs" fkdms<sjka
fyda fõ j hs" ÿr ;nd u wkH;r cd;sfhl wkH;r hqoaOhla fldg ne¨j uekeje’ hs
6
is;d pQ,kS rdc jHdcfhka wd jYj¾;s udrhdf.a isxy uqL" yia;s uqL" wYaj uqL" jHd>%
uqLdÈ jQ fkdfhla Nhxlr uqL ujd wis" Yla;s" f;daur" fNKaäjd," lrjd,dÈ jQ
§ma;su;a kd kd úO wú .ksñka wfkal m%ldr úldr fõYfhka wd oi ìïnrla
udr fiakdj fia Nhxlr jQ fiakdfjys ndyqfjka ndyqj .id isgqjk ,oaod jQ fhdaO
j<,af,lska ± hs fufia i;r j<,af,lska tA i;a fhdÿka ñhq¨ kqjr jg ,jd tA tA
ia:dkfhys n< we‚ isgqjQy'

ukqIHfhda T,ajr y~ fokakdyq" w;afmd<ika fokakdyq" mkkakdyq" ‘jg,d .;=ïy’

hk iudêfhka kgñka" .¾ckd lrñka isg .;ay' wgf<dia wlafI!ys‚hla muK
fiakdfjys kÕk ,o ñ‚ o~q jefgys ,laI .Kka myka wdf,dalfhka o tla
ishhla rc orejka yd yia;HYajdÈ fiakdj yd m,ka wdNrKfhys wdf,dalfhka o
ish¨ i;a fhdÿka ñhq¨ kqjr tA ufy!IO mKaä;hkaf.a m%{d kue;s iQ¾hhd my< j
i;a;ajhkaf.a is; fudaydkaOldr ú.ukfhka fy<s jQ l,la mßoafoka wdf,dal úh'
we;=kaf.a l=[ap kdofhka o wiqkaf.a fyaIdrjfhka o r:fhys pl% kdofhka o
md n< fikf`.ys .¾ckdfjka o ila" iskakïyr" ;ka;sßmg" .egmygq" uyfnr"
mkdfnr" rka ila" ߧ ila wdÈ jQ m[apdx.sl ;+¾h kdofhka o fmdf<dj me<S hk
mßoafoka jQfha h'

fiakldÈ jQ mKaä;jre i;r fok uy;a jQ flda,dy, Yíoh wid l=uk wr.,hla
nj;a fkdokakdyq fõfoay rÊcqrejka iómhg f.dia “foajfhks" uy;a jQ flda,dy,
Yíofhl" wms l=ula nj;a fkd okqïy' ‘l=uk wr.,fhla ±’ hs úuiqj fyd;a
hym;e” hs lSy' t nia wid rÊcqrefjda" ‘h<s n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejka wd jke’ hs iS
ue÷re ljq¿j yrjd msg; n,kakdyq" Wka wd nj ±k Nhska ;%ia; je “b;slska wmf.a
Èú ke;s' n%yauo;a;hd f;fï ±ka ±ka wm yeu urkafka he” hs fiakld§ka yd
iu. l:d lrñka yqkay' uy fndai;dKka jykafia jkdys pQ,kS rÊcqrejka wd nj
±k" isxyhl= fuka lsis Nhla ke;s je kqjr uq¿,af,ys rlj,a ilia fldg ,jd
‘rdcd§yq Nhska È,syS,d ys¢;s' ud Wka wiajid ¨j uekeje’ hs rc f.hs u;= ud,g
keÕS rÊcqrejka je| tl;a mia je isá fial' rÊcqrefjda uy fndai;dKka jykafia
±l ,nk ,o wiajia we;s je" ‘umq;Kqjka ufy!IO mKaä;hka úkd wfkla ud fï
ÿlska uqokakg iu¾: flfkla ke;e’ hs is;d" mKaä;hka jykafia yd iu. l:d
lrkakdyq" “ufy!IO mKaä;fhks" m[apd, foaY jdiS jQ n%yauo;a; rc f;fï tla
ishhla rdcOdksfhys ish¨ wgf<dia wlafI!ys‚hla muK fiakdj yd iu. wdfha h'
m[apd, rdcOdksh ika;l jQ fï fiakd f;dfuda fuf;le hs muK ke;a;S h'
b;d uy;a oajdrÜgd, id,dÈ jQ fkdfhla l¾udka;hg msáka f.k tkakd jQ ±j
m;%" ix.d,shï" fjÜgï ,E,s wdÈ jQ odre iïNdrhka f.k weúÈkd jvq fikÕska
hqla; jqj¦ ish¨ ix.%dufhys olaI jQ we;=ka wiqka wdÈ jQ n< fikÕ we;a;S h' .yk
neúka ;ud w;=rg jkakjqka fkd fmfkk mßoafoka mh ìu .Eúh fkd § Wr msáka
f.k hkakS h¦ yia;s Yío he" wYaj Yío he" r: Yío he" ùKd Yío he uDox. Yío he"
.S; Yío he" ;d, Yío he" ‘úÿj" .kqj" wkqj’ hs fu fia oY úO Yíofhka hqla;
jqj¦ we;=ka wdÈ jQ isjqrÕ fikfÕys mj;akd kdoh uQÿ mr.dkd fia mj;akd fyhska"

7
 zuqn tj" Tn hj" hqoaO lrj" mud fkdjj"Z hkdÈ jQ tA tA lghq;af;ys ksfhda. jpk
jd.a fNaofhka okajkakg fkdms<sjka fyhska uDox." uoao,dÈ jQ kd kd m%ldr fNaß
Yíofhka yd ixL ldy, Yíofhka yd yÕjkakd jQ tA tA lghq;= we;a;S h¦ i;a
rejkska úis;=re jQ ikakdyfhka yd iaj¾K cd, yia;s l=ka; úfYaIfhka o rdc
rdc uydud;Hd§ka úiska m<|kd ,oaod jQ lkl" lgl" rikd" kQmqr" ;dvxl" j<h"
;sir mg" wjq,a yr" Wor nkaOk" .eg ksuq,a yr" mia rE mia j<¨" fma/ia" tlajeá"
mduqÿ" mdv.ï" mdi,U" mdocd,d" mdo;%-mdodNrKdÈ jQ YÍrdNrKfhka o fydnkS h'
lkl rc;d§ka úÑ;% jQ rla; kS,dÈ jQ kd kd jia;%fhka iuqÊj,s; r:dÈfhys kÕk
,o kd kd m%ldr Oj,ÉP;% mxla;sfhka .ejeiS .;a;S h' we;a jdyk" wia jdyk
r: jdykfhka hqla; h' yia;s Ys,am he" wYaj Ys,am he" r: Ys,am he" OkqYaYs,am he
wdÈ jQ wgf<dia uyd Ys,amfhys fl< meñ‚hka úiska úfYaIfhka iuDoaO h' fï
fiakd f;dfuda isxy iudk úl%u we;a;S h' Y+r fhdaOhka úiska iqm%;sIaÀ; h'
fï fiakdfjys fmdf<dj yd iudk kqjK we;s ryia uka;%K lrkiq¨ jQ fyj;a
foojila ;ks je ys| is;=j fyd;a uy fmdf<dj fmr<kakg o wyi yd fmdf<dj yd
.eg ,kakg o fmdfydi;a jQ mKaä;jre oi fofkla we;a;dy' tA mKaä;jrekg
jvd wêl jQ m{d we;s rÊcqrejkaf.a uE‚fhda ;,;d foaù mKaä;jreka oi fokdg
tfldf<dia jeks j ys| pQ,kS rÊcqrejkaf.a fiakdjg wkqYdikd lrkakdyq h'

“je<sÿ tA ;,;d foaùkaf.a m%×j flfia o h; fyd;a(- tla ojila ñksfila id,a
ke<shla o n;a uq<la o uiqrka oyila o yerf.k ‘.Õska tf;r fhñ’ hs .Õ ueog
f.dia Èh ie~ fihska tf;r je .; fkdyS" tf;r isá ñksiqkag “mskaj;aks" ud
w;e id,a ke<shla yd n;a uq<la o uiq oyila o we;s' fulS ;=kska ug hula reÑ ù
kï tA foñ¦ f;dm yeu fokd flfrka hï flfkla ud tf;r l< fyd;a kï W!
ud tf;r flfr;aj” hs fufia lS h" blaì;s Yla;s iïmkak mqreIfhla lÉÑh ;r
fldg ye| f.k .Õg nei tA mqreIhd w; w,a,d f.k tf;r fldg" “ug Èh hq;=
foh foj” hs lS h' tA f;fï “id,a ke<sh fyda n;a uq< fyda .kqj” hs lS h' tA wid
Èfhka tf;r l< mqreIhd" “uu udf.a Ôú;h fkdi,ld f;dm tf;r flf<ñ' ug
id,a ke<sfhka yd n;a uq<ska yd m%fhdack ke;s' uiq oyi foj” hs lS h' tA wiñka
“hula ug reÑ ù kï tA fokafkó" lSfhñ' ±ka ug hula reÑ ù kï tA foñ' leue;
fyd;a .kqj” hs lS h'

tA f;fï iómfhys isá tll=g tmj;a lS h' ths;a" “hula ;ukg reÑ ù kï
tA f;dmg foóhs lshd fõ o Wka lSfha@ Wka fokq leue;s fohla yer .kqj” hs
lSfha h' tA mqreIhd Wka lS nie;a fkd isg" “tfia ud .kafka ke;e” hs Tyq
werf.k wêlrK kdhlhkag irem lS h' wêlrKfha we;af;da o fokakdf.a nia
wid" “W! ÿka fohla .kqj” hs t f,i u lsjQ h' tA mqreIhd wêlrK kdhlhkaf.a
hqla;sfhys fkd isg rÊcqrejkag ±kaù h' rÊcqrefjda wêlrK kdhlhka f.g
f.kajd f.k Wka ueofha fokakdf.a nia wid" tf,i u lshd hqla;sh mis¢kd fia
fkdokakdyq" ;udf.a Ôú;fhys wdidjla ke;s je .Õg ng ;eke;a;jq u me/ojQy'
tfõf,ys rÊcqrejkaf.a uE‚fhda ;,;d foaù ;=uQ t ;ekg kqÿre ;efkl yqkakdyq
8
rÊcqrejka hqla;sh kmqre fldg miqka nj ±k" “mq;" fï hqla;sh i,ld mshd lshj˜ hs
lSy' “uE‚hka jykai" ud okafka fumufKla u h' bÈka kqU jykafia wuq;a;la
okakd fiala ù kï mis÷j uekj” hs lSy'

;,;d foaù" “hym;" hqla;sh mis¢ñ” lshd tA Èfhka hkakg isá mqreIhd nKjd"
“fufia tj orej" f;dm w; ;=nQ id,a ke<sh;a n;a uq<;a uiq odi;a ;=k ms<sfj<ska
ìu ;nd,j” hs lshd ms<sfj<ska u ;njd ‘f;da Èfhka hkafkys uQg l=ula lS ±@”hs
úpdrd" ‘fuf,i lSñ’ lS l,ays “tfia ù kï ;g reÑhla yer f.k hj” hs lSy'
tA f;fï uiq ody w;g .;' blaì;s W! u| ;ekla .sh l, ìfidjq W! f.kajd"
“orej" uiq oyi f;dmg wNsm%dh ±@” hs úpdrd" “tfia h" leue;af;ñ” lS l, “orej"
f;dm úiska ñka ug hula reÑ ù kï tA foó” fudayg lshk ,o o" fkdlshk
,o ± hs lshd" “lshk ,o h" foajhka jykaie” hs lS l," “tfia ù kï fï uiq odi
fuda yg foj” hs lSy' tA f;fï y~ñka j,mñka uiq odi ´ yg ÿkafka h' t fõf,ys
rÊcqrefjda o wud;Hfhda o i;=gq je idOqldr ÿkay' t ;eka mgka ;,;d foaùkaf.a
kqjK oUÈj uq¿,af,ys m;< ù h' fï ksid h ud ‘pQ,kS rÊcqrejkaf.a uE‚hka
;,;d foaùka tfldf<diajkq je fiakdjg wkqYdikd flfr;S’ hs lSfha" keje; tA
fiakdfjys m[apd, rdcHfhys wkQk jQ mßjdr iïm;a we;s n%yauo;a;hd úiska yer
.;a rg we;s" urK Nhska ;e;s .;a tla ishhla rc orefjda fï pQ,kS rdchd iu.
fh;s' wgf<dia wlafI!ys‚hla fiakdfjka fï ñÓ,d kï rdcOdksh jg ,d m<uq
we;a mjqfrl" fojeks j wia mjqfrl" ;=kajeks j r: mjqfrl" i;rjeks je fhdaO
mjqfrlehs fufia i;r j<,a,la yd we;a j<,a,g yd wia j<,a,g yd w;=frys tla
ùÓfhl¦ wia j<,a,g yd r: j<,a,g w;=frys yd tla ùÓfhl¦ r: j<,a,g yd n<
j<,a,g yd w;=frys tla ùÓfhl¦ fu fia ;=ka ikaêhlska jg lrk ,o fõfoay
rg jdiSkaf.a ñÓ,d kï rdcOdksh yd;amiska leK Wv kÕk l,la mßoafoka mjqre
mokï ì|" ±ka iqkq úiqkq lrkq ,efnhs' ufy!IO mKaä;fhks" yd;amiska hï n÷
fiakdjla úiska msßjrk ,o o" tA fiakdjg u;af;ys fmfkk fkdfhla ish oyia
.Kka ñ‚ o~q jeg myka lrK fldg f.k ;reje,ska .yk jQ wdldYh jekak'
mKaä;fhks" kqjK kï fu fia jQ ;ekg fõ o@ f;dm yd iu kqjKe;s flfkla
kï ke;s" fu fia jQ uyd fiakdfjka wmg .e,eùula flfia fõ ±@” hs lSy'

fufia rÊcqrejka urK Nhska hqla; je lshkakd jQ nia wid uy fndai;dKka jykafia"
‘fï rÊcqrefjda b;d urK Nhska Nhm;a je .shdy' frda.fhka fmf<k tlla yg
wjia:d ms<shula okakd fjol= ms<sirK jkakd fia o id ÿlska fmf<k tll=g
fNdackh uq;a wfklla ms<sirK fkdjkakd fia o msmdid we;s tll=g meka mqj
fyd;a uq;a tA msmdih fkdikaisf|kakd fia o fï rÊcqrejkg ud uq;a wfkla
ms<sirKla ke;s' rÊcqrejka wiajid,ñ’ hs is;d blaì;s rÊcqrejkg uy fndai;dKka
jykafia ieg fhdÿka r.a.,a ;,d uia;lfhys kdo lrk ,o isxy rdchl= fuka
“fkd nj uekej" foajhka jykai" rdcH iqj wkqNj l< uekej" uu legla f.k
lmqgq /ila m,jk tllayq fuka o ÿkakla w,a,d f.k j÷re uq<la m,jk tllayq
mßoafoka o fï wgf<dia wlafI!ys‚hla muK fiakdj nve nka lv muKlg;a
9
 wiajdñl lrjd ks.KaG fiakdjla mßoafoka bia Æ Æ w; ¨yqn|jd mshñ' th ug
Ndr h' ‘igfkle’hs is;la fkd ;nd Nh fkd f.k iqj fia rdcH Y%S wkqNj l<
uekeje” hs lS fial'

fu fia lshd rÊcqrejka wiajid,d ud<s.fhka nei kqjr fnr ,jd yeu fokdg jodrk
fiala “mskaj;aks" f;ms yeu ‘i;=frda jg,d .;af;da fõ ±’ hs fkd is;d" u,a .|
úf,jqka yd wgf<dia j¾.fha lejqï yd rd uia wdÈ fkdfhla wkakmdk imhd
jia;%dNrKfhka ie/yS W;aijhg mgka .kqj¦ iuyr flfkla f;dm f;dmg iqÿiq
mßoafoka fndjq kï uyd mdkh;a fndj¦ fnr .ij¦ .S lshj¦ t¿ ika" T,ajr ika"
wiqre ika foj' ish,a,la ke;s flkl=g udf.ka foñ' ufy!IO mKaä;fhda kï
uu h' lsis Nhla fkd lrj¦ udf.a wkqNdj n,j˜ hs lshd wiajid jod< fial'
tA niska kqjr jdiSyq i;a wjqreoafoa mgka Tnf.a n, ;uka weu b÷rd okakd fyhska
lsis Nhla ke;s je ixld rys; je kegqï wdÈ ish,af,ka u uy;dKka jod<
mßoafoka W;aijhg mgka .;ay'

hqoafOdamdh fh§u
kqjr we;=f<ys .S lshk jhk wr., msg; isá i;=frda wikakdy' i;=rkaf.ka
fndfyda fok l=reì,sfhka we;=¿ kqjrg jokdy' i;=re je wd úfgl uq;a ÿgq
ÿgqjka fkd w,a,kakdy' t fia fyhska i;=rkaf.a i[apdrh fkd isf|kafka h'
kqjrg jka jka ukqIHfhda W;aij fl<kd;a ch mdkh fndkakd;a ck flda,dy,;a
olakdy' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda we;=¿ kqjr flda,dy, wid iómfhys isáhjqkag
lshkakdyq “mskaj;aks" wgf<dia wlafI!ys‚hla muK fï fiakdj f.k’jq;a ;ukaf.a
kqjr jg,d .;a kshdjg lsis Nhla j;a ;e;s .ekaula j;a ke;af;a h' ikaf;daIfhka
hqla; je miajkla m%S;ska mskd .shjqka fia w;afmd<ika fokakdy¦ w~ .ikakdy¦
t¿ika fokakdy¦ .S lshkakdy¦ fnr .ikakdy' fld, l=uk wYap¾hfhla ±@” hs
lSy' t fia lS rc yg prmqreIfhla fndrejla f.d;d f.k lshkafka" “foajhka
jykai" uu lsis lghq;a;la ksid l=reì,sfhka we;=¿ kqjrg jkafkï' ieKfl<s
fl<kd ckhka ±l" ‘mskaj;aks" ish¨ oUÈj rc orejka fiakd iys; je wjq;a
f;dmf.a kqjr jg ,d f.k isáh § f;dm yeu fufia m%udo je jikakg ldrKd lsï
±”hs úpdf<ñ' Tyq ug lshkakdyq" ‘wmf.a rÊcqrejka l=udr l, fufia jQ fodf<la
úh' flfia o h;a( oi oyila fhdÿka oUÈj rcqka uq¿,a, fiakdj msßjrd wjq;a ud
Wka kqjr msßjrd isá l, ieKfl<s fl<só’ hs fod<la Wmk' tA fod< ±ka uq÷ka
meñ‚fha h' tneúka i;a ojila ieKfl<s fl¿j hs kqjr fnr ,jd ;uka jykafia
ud<s.fha u;= uyf,a wud;H uKav,h msßjrd ys| uyd ikaf;daIfhka u;a je
ch mdkh fndk fiala he’ hs lSy' uu t nia wid ‘rcl= fnd<| kshd he’ hs kskaod
flf<ñ’ hs lS h'

n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda t nia wid oKafvka .ik ,o wdYS¾úIhlayq fuka fl%daOfhka

È,syS lsmqKdyq “fld," jyd fï kqjr tA tA È.ska w., ue~ yiajd mjqre" fodrgq"
10
wg¨" jdi,a" n,fldgq wdÈh ì|" iqkq úiqkq flfrñka jyd kqjrg jeo" .e,a mqrd
f.k’jq;a flduvq ndkd fia uyd ckhd bia lmd .kqj¦ fõfoay rcyq bi;a jyd
f.fkj” hs lSy' t nia wid n,iïmkak fhdaOfhda fkdfhla wdhqO .;a w;a
we;sj" “kqjr .kqïy” hs mjqre jdi,a iómhg .shdyq" fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.a
fhdaOhka úiska ouk ,o l,,a je,s wdÈfhka uyd úkdYhg meñK kqjr ì¢kd ;nd
mjqr iómhg;a hd fkdyS" kej; hkakdy' bÈka iuyr flfkla fkdkej;" —mjqr
ì÷ïy” hs jdis lshd idyisl je f.dia w.,e ngjq kï wka;rÜgd,j, isáfhda B"
o~q" uqK" fldfyd,a" f;daur" fNKaäjd,d§ka oud uyd úkdYhg muqKqjkakdy'
fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.a fhdaOfhda n%yauo;a;hkaf.a fhdaOhkg w;ska uqyq‚ka
Wiq¿ mE fkdfhla m%ldrfhka wdfl%daI mßNj fnfKñka .yg lrkakdy' uÉP
udxi yd lk fndk oE yd rd ú;a Tvï wdÈh mqrd f.k msg; isáhjqkag Èla
fldg mq¿ .kajd kej; ;=uQ u lkakdy¦ fndkakdy' fufia i;=rka lsfmkiq¨
jQ fkdfhla úldr flfrñka mjqßka we;=f<a mokue Wkag fmfkk kshdfjka
ilauka lrkakdy' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejkaf.a fhdaOfhda Wkg lsisjl=;a fldg .;
fkd yS f.ä neg ld" w; mh ysi k<,e f,a msi miq n,-n,d Èjkakdyq" rÊcqrejka
iómhg f.dia “foajhka jykai" Roaêu;a flkl=ka wdldYfhka f.diska jÿ;a uq;a
ñksiqka úiska fï kqjr jokd ;nd is;kakg;a neß he” hs lSy' tnia wid rÊcqrefjda
fkdi;=gq je lSm ojila r|d kqjr .kakd Wmdhla fkdokakdyq flajÜghd úpd<y;
“wdpdÍks" kqjr .kakd ;nd mjqr <Õg hkakg;a iu¾: tl o i;a;ajfhla ke;s'
l=ula lrfuda ±@” hs lSy' tnia wid nuqKd lshkafka" “jkakd j uy rc" kqjrg
meka kï msg;ska jkafka h' lSm ojila meka kj;d ,kakd meka fkd,Èka la,dka;
jQjdyq fodr wer mshkakdy' túg wms is;a jQ mßoafoka i;=rkag lg hq;= lshïy˜ hs
lS h' —fld," ths;a Wmdhle”hs t;eka mgka meka jeoao fkd fokakdy' tmj;a
fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.ka rcyq iómfhys isá pr mqreIfhla m;l ,shd B
oKavl ne|" we;=¿ kqjrg úo mS h' fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia o i;=rka wd ojia
úOdkhla lrk fiala" “hfula BoKavl ne| úo mS m;la ÿgqfha ù kï jyd f.k’jq;a
ug foj” hs jod< fial' t neúka tla mqreIfhla tA m; f.k’jq;a Èk'

iajdñ orejdfKda tA nj ±k ‘fï flajÜg uy,a,d we;=¿ jQ w×k cvfhda ud ;j u

ufy!IO mKaä; nj fkdokakd jkay’ hs is;d" ieg ßhka WK oKavla f.kajd
ißfha folla fldg m<d we;=< msg .eg yrjd Y=oaO fldg kej; tla fldg ;nd
iñka jid n|jd msg ueá .djd ;miaùka ,jd ysud,fhka f.kajQ ueá yd weUq, ìcq
yd f.k fmdl=Kq wie Èfhys ìcqjg frdamKh lrjd ueá msg WK oKav isgqjd
we;=f<a meka mqrjd Æ fial' tl /hska u me<h keÕS WK oKav uq÷kska ßhkla
muK jvd uf,la msmS isáfha h' tA wNsu;d¾:idOl jQ Ñka;d ud‚lHhla n÷ jQ
udf.a iajdñ ore jQ fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia tA u,a o~q uq,ska Wÿrejd “fï n%yauo;a;
rÊcqrejkg foj” hs ;uka jykafiaf.a mqreIhkag ÿkay' Tyq weUq, oKav j<,af,a ,d
“fld," n%yauo;a;hkaf.a mqreIfhks" ihska fkd ñhe f;, u, lvd ysi me,|
f.k weUq, o~q yqhd f.k nv mqrd ld mshj˜ hs mjqßka msg; oud Æy'

11
 ths;a fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.ka u isá pr mqreIfhla yer f.k
rÊcqrejka iómhg f.dia" “ne¨j uekj" foajhka jykai" fun÷ weUq, u,la yd
fï id È. weUq, oKavla ÿgq úrE oE ke;e” hs lS h' rcyq" “uek n,j” hs lS fyhska"
pr mqreIhd ukkafka ieg ßhka oKav wiQ ßhka fldg uek mS h' rcyq “fï flfia jQ
;ekl we;s ù ±@” hs lS fyhska" bka u tflla rcyq láka ni Wÿrd .;a;d fia
fndrejla f.d;d f.k lshkafka" “uu tla ojila rd álla î mshkq leue;s j
l=reì,sfhka we;=¿ kqjrg jkafkï" kqjr jdiSka Èh fl<skd uy fmdl=Kla Èáñ'
fndfyda ukqIHfhda Tre wÕ=¿ wdÈfhys b|f.k u,a lvd Èh fl< weúÈkdy'
fï jQ l,s tA fmdl=fKa f.dv wi msms u,l ieá h' bÈka .eUqre ;efkl msms uf,la
ù kï ishla ßhkg;a jvd we;af;a fõ ±” hs lS h' tA wid" “wdpdÍks" ‘meka kj;d
fï kqjr .kqïy’ hs fkd is;j' tA f;dmf.a Wmdfhla fkd fjh” lSy'

“t fia l, foajhka jykai" fu úg ud is;+ foh b;d u hym;' kqjrg ù id,a kï

msg;ska u jkafka h' tA ù id,a jeoao fkd foïy' n;ska mSä; jQ ukqIHfhda fodr
yer mshkakdy' túg w,a,d f.k leue;a;la lrïy” hs lS h' tA uka;%Kh;a m<uq
mßoafoka u mf;lska ±k “fï ksjg jQ flajÜghd ud kqjKe;s kshdj fkdokakd
jke” hs lshd" wkqm%dldr he hs lshk ,o mokï uq÷fka l,,a w;=rejd" B msg ù
biajdÆ fial' fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a wNsm%dh kï isoaO jkafka h' tneúka tl /hska
mE< keÕS i;a fhdÿka ñhq¨ kqjr jgd mjqre uq÷kska b;d ks,a j,d iuQyhla fia
w;skS, je fmfkkakg jk' tA ÿgq rÊcqrefjda" —mjqre uq÷fka b;d ks,a je wr fï
fmfkkafka lsï ±@” hs isáhjqka úpd<y' pr mqreIfhla lshkafka “foajhka jykai"
f.dúhd mq;a ufy!IO mKaä;hd ;ud m%× n,fhka u;= jkakd jQ Nh ±k" ;udf.a
úOdk jefgkakd jQ fï ckmofhys ù álla wehs ;sî ± hs tl fy<d f.kajd f.k
fï id uy;a kqjr yeu fokdf.a fldgq f.j,a mqrjd" b;sß ù mjqr msg yd ùÓfha tA
tA ia:dkfhys yd ,jd mS h' tA ù ;dla uq¿,a, wjqfõ úh<S jeiafia f;ó me< keÕS
f.dhï je .sfha h' uu tla ojila lghq;a;la ms‚i l=reì,sfhka we;=¿ kqjrg
jkafkï mjqr wie ;=nQ úfhka ù álla wer f.k “fld," b;d hym;a ùfhl"
biafkñ" lshd ùÓhg oud mSñ' tA ±l t;ek isá ckfhda ud fjfyikakdyq" “b;d
u nv id ieá h' leue;af;ys ù kï ;s,ska fmdÈhla fldg ne| f.k f.dia meyer
mshd msi f.k nv mqrd ld fkd ñh” hs lSy' “tA ù ud we,aÆ fia b;d kmq/” hs uu
,Êcdjg meñ‚fhñ” hs lS h' tA wid rc flajÜghdg lshkafka “ù kj;d;a fï
kqjr .; fkdyelal' ;df.a ths;a Wmdfhla fkd fjhs' yer mshj” hs lSy'

“foajhka jykai" fkdis;d jod< uekj" wfkla n,j;a udf.a Wmdfhla we;s' kqjr
we;=f<a j,la ke;s fyhska or kï msg;ska f.k uq;a fkdyelafla h' or kj;d ,d kqjr
wer .kqïy” hs lSfha h' tA uka;%Kh;a fmr mßoafoka u ±k jodrd mjqre msáka ù yd
f.dhï yd yrjd msg;g fmfkk kshdfhka or /ia lrjd mS fial' mjqf¾ Wka
ukqIHfhda n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejkaf.a fhdaOhkg iskd isiS fjfyikakdyq “fld,"
or ke;s je msi lE fkdyS ihska mSä; je fkd ys|" ke;s flfkla W¿ leka n;a
wdÈh msi lj¦ fndj” hs lshñka" “f;, wer .kaj” hs uy;a or l|ka weÕg oud
12
,kakdy' iuyre tA jeo f.k ;e<s-;e<S uy;a ÿlag meñfKkakdy' rÊcqrefjda or
rdYsh fmfkkakd ±l “f;, lsfula ±@” hs úpd<y' t;ek o isá pr mqreIhkaf.ka
tflla" “wehs uy rc" fkd okakd fiala o@ f.dúhd mq;a ufy!IOhd u;= jkakd jQ
Nh ±k j,e ofrla ;sî o@ tl fy<d woaod f.k’jq;a kqjr f.hla mKyd mE<
fÞrj,a mqrd ,d b;sß jk or mjqre msg /ia lrjd mS he” hs lS h' tA wid flajÜghdg
“fï kqjr or kj;d,d wer .kakg fkdms<sjk' ;df.a ths;a Wmdfhla fkd fjhs'
wer mshj” hs lSy' b;d weú,s wjkakd jQ ksjg jQ flajÜghd lshkafka" “uyrc" fkd
is;d jod< uekj' udf.a n,j;a wfkla Wmdhla we;e” hs lS h' tA wid “wdpdÍks"
Wmdh kï ;ud lsï o@ fï id uy;a jQ f;dmf.a Wmdfhlska jevl=;a ksudjl=;a ÿgq oE
ke;s' fu kqjr fõfoay rcq w,a,d .kakg fkdms<sjk' tneúka wmf.a kqjrg hïy”
hs lSy'

O¾u hqoaOh
kej; w{dk jQ uy¨ nuqKq lshkafka" “foajhka jykai" ‘n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda tla
ishhla rc orejka yd tA id uy;a p;=rx.skS fiakdjka f.kjq;a fõfoay rcq w,a,d
.; fkd yS me/o m,d .shy’ hs wmg uy;a ,Êcd jkakS h' kqjKe;af;da kï
ufy!IO mKaä;fhda u;= fkd fj;s' uu;a uyd kqjKe;af;ñ' tla f,ilska Tyq
mrojd mshïy” hs lS h' “wdpdÍks" t f,i kï ;ud lsï ±@” hs lS y' “O¾u hqoaOh
kï fohla flfrñ” hs lS h' “O¾u hqoaO kï lsï ±@” hs lSy' “uyrc" fofiakdj
igka fkdfldg uekj" rc orejka fofokdf.a mKaä; fofok tl ;eklg toao"
bka tla flfkla jekaojq kï je¢ mlaIfha rc yg mrdch jkafka h' je÷ï ,;a
mlaIfha rc yg ch jkafka h' tA uka;%K ufy!IO mKaä;fhda fkdokakdy'
uu b;d jeäuy,af,ñ' ufy!IO mKaä;fhda nd,fhda h' wdpdr okakd kqjKe;s
mKaä;hka fyhska Tyq ud ÿgq l, iel ke;s je j|kdy' tfõf,ys fõfoay rcq
ieneúka me/oaod kï jkafka h' t fia fldg;a fõfoay rcq mrojd mshd keÕS hïy'
tfia l,e wmg ,Êcd fkdjkakS h' O¾u hqoaO kï fï he” hs lSy' tfia ryia
l:dj;a fmr mßoafoka u ±k jodrd" ‘flajÜghdg ñkq;a uu me/oafoñ kï udf.a
l=uk mKaä; lula ±@” hs is;+ fial' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda;a" “wdpdÍks" tA Wmdh
b;d hym;" fig WoEik O¾u hqoaO jkafka h' bÈka O¾u hqoaOhg fkd wjq kï
ths;a me/oaod kï jkafka he” hs ,shd l=reì,sfhka fõfoay rc yg hejQy'

tA wid fõfoay rÊcqrefjda fndaêi;a;ajhka oE le|jd t mj;a lS y' tA wiñka il,

ckdkkaolr jQ ;sf,da.=re fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia “hym;" foajhka jykaie” hs
lshd" niakdysr jdi,ska msg; O¾u hqoaO uKav,h ie/yQ fial' tf;l=ÿ jqj;a
tA tA rcqka flfrys isá pr mqreIfhda tla ishhla fok" ‘ljqre oksoao" lsï ±’ hs
fndaêi;ajhka jykafiag wdrlaIdj ms‚i flajÜghd msßjrd isg .;ay'
n%yauo;a;hka yd tla ishhla rcorefjda O¾u hqoaO uKav,hg .shdyq mqr Èhjl
hym;a ojia i| n,kakg tla is;a je tl Èidj n,kakjqka mßoafoka meÿï È.
n,d isáhy' tfia u ksjg jQ flajÜghd;a kef`.kysr Èidj n,-n,d “l,a fhakq"
l,a fhakq˜ hs lsh-lshd isáfha h'
13
 ;uka md mshqï f,da uq÷ka l< ;sf,da.=re fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia" t ojia WoEik
fidf<dia l<hla iqj| mekska bia fidaOd kyd ,laIhla w.kd liS i¿jla ye|
i¾jdNrKfhka úN+Is; je" fkdfhla rifhka w.% jQ" wurd foaùka úiska msisk ,o
fNdackh wkqNj fldg" uy;a fmryßka jdi,a fodrlvg f.dia" wd kshdj lshd
hjd “umq;Kqfjda jyd t;aj” hs rÊcqrejka úiska lS l,ays rc f.g jeo" rÊcqrejka
je| tl;amia je isg" “lsfula o mq;" ufy!IO mKaä;fhks@” hs rÊcqrejka lS
l,ays" “O¾u hqoaOhg fhñ” hs jod< fial' “mq; ud úiska l=ula l< ukd ±@” hs
lSy' “foajhka jykai" flajÜghd ue‚fllska j[apd lrkq leue;af;ñ' t neúka
wIagjxl ud‚lH r;akh ,o uekeje” hs jod< fial' “mq;" ths;a ug lshd o
.kafka@ wer .kaj” hs lS l,ays" Yl%hka m<uq;a ;uka jykafiag ÿka ud‚lH
r;akh Y%S yia;fhka f.k" rcyq je| ud<s.fhka ng fial; ;uka jykafia yd tl
oji Wmka fhdaOhka oyi yd isjqrÕ fikÕ yd msßjrd" wkQ oyila rka jgkd ye<s
wiqka fhdok ,o" i¾jd,xldrfhka ieryQ r:hlg mek keÕS" oj,a fï ksujk
fõ,djg jdi, iómhg meñ‚ fial'

flajÜgfhda o ‘ufy!IO mKaä;hka ±ka t;S" ±ka t;S’ uy fndai;dKka jykafia

jvkd fmr uÕ lr Tij-Tijd n,d f.k isàfuka fldla lrla fia Èla jQ lr we;s
jQy; uyd fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a È.ka;rfhys m;<d jQ f;acia mßoafoka myrkakd jQ
ysre /iska vd jEfykakd jQ YÍr we;s jQy' uy fndai;dKka jykafia o" To jeähd jQ
id.rh mßoafoka fmdf<dj ue~ mshkakd fia ùÓh mqrd f.k hkakd jQ we;a wia
wdÈ jQ mßjdrfhka hqla; je wiïNS; je" jdi,a fodr yrjd" kqjßka kslau" r:fhka
nei" flire i,d úoyd ls,sfmd<kakd jQ isxy rdchl= fia úcDïNkh flfrñka"
O¾u hqoaO uKav,hg u jeä fial' tla ishhla rc orefjda tA uy;dKka jykafia
rEffmYaj¾hh ±l" ‘kqj‚ka ish¨ oUÈj ;ukag fojk" flkl=ka ke;s" isßjâVk
isgdKka mq;Kqfjda ufy!IO mKaä;fhda kï fudyq he’ hs iudëka T,ajr y~ ish
.Kka meje;a;+y' mKaä;hka jykafia o foõf,dj foúhka msßjrd wiqr hqoaOhg
kslauqKq ilafoõ rcyq mßoafoka WmudúIhd;sl%dka; jQ Y%S fi!Nd.Hfhka hqla; je
tA wIagjxl ud‚lHr;akh w;ska f.k" flajÜghka bÈßfhys <xj jeä fial'

flajÜg nuqKd uy fndai;dKka jykafia ±l" Tnf.a f;aciska isá m< isákakg
wfmdfydi;a je fmr .uka fldg" “ufy!IO mKaä;fhks" wms fokakfuda u
mKaä;jreïy' f;dm ksid wjq;a fuf;la l,a fu;ek jik wmg f;ms wuq;= m~qrla
muK j;a fkdtjQ úrE h' l=ula ksid o fufia u idorhla fkdlf<a@” hs lS h'
tfia lS flajÜghkag fndai;dKka jykafia “mKaä;fhks" f;dmg iqÿiq m~qrla
fidhkafkï wo fï ñ‚ rejk ,Èñ' yer .kqj' fu n÷ ñ‚ rejkla fï uq;a
ke;e” hs jod< fial' flajÜgfhda mKaä;hka jykafia w; È,sfhk ñ‚ rejk ±l"
zfï mKaä;fhda ug ñ‚ rejkla f.kd jkakdyZ hs is;d" “tfia ù kï foj” hs w;
Èla l<y' fndai;dKka jykafia o “fy o .kqj” hs w; Èla fldg" w; weÕs,s w.
ue‚l t<dÆ fial' nuqKdfKda nr jQ ñ‚ rejk weÕs,s w.ska r|jd .; kqyqKqjy'
ue‚l fm/<S f.k f.dia fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a mduq, jeà .sfha h'
14
nuqKdfKda;a f,daNfhka ‘ue‚l .ksñ’ hs fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.a Y%S mdo
uQ,hg keUqre jQy' tA ±l fndai;dKka jykafia nuqKd keUqre jQ ;eke;a;jq lr
Tijd .; fkd§ u tla wf;lska msálr yd tla wf;lska msá uq, yd ;rfha w,a,d
f.k" “keÕS isgqj! wdpdÍks" keÕS isgqj! wdpdÍks" uu nd,fhñ¦ f;dmf.a uqkqnqre
;rug we;af;ñ' ud fkd j÷j” hs lsh-lshd uqLh yd iu. k,< fmr<-fmr<d
fldrieä ìu W,d r;a jo u,la fia f,a yd mia yd jld" “kqjK ke;a;j" f;da
ud w;ska je÷ï .kakg is;hs ±@” hs fndgqj w,a,d f.k oud Æ fial' fu f;fï
bianla muK ;ek jeà f.dia keÕS isg je,s msi-msi m,d .sfha h' ue‚l jkdys
uy fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a ñksiaiq u wer .;ay'

“keÕS isgqj! wdpdßks" ud fkd j÷j” lshd uy fndai;dKka jykafia neK keÕs
y~ ish¨ p;=rx.skS fiakdfhys wr., ue~ f.k isáfha h' “flajÜg nuqKd úiska
ufy!IO mKaä;hka jykafiaf.a md j|kd ,±” hs ish¨ m¾I;a fldla ika § ms<S
ysi isidrd w;afmd<ika § flda,dy, l<y' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejka yd tla ishhla
rc orejka yd we;=¿ yeu fok u flajÜghd ufy!IO mKaä;hka md msg keuqKd
ÿgqjdyq u h' kej; lshkakdyq" “wmf.a flajÜg wdpdÍka úiska ufy!IO mKaä;fhda
j|kd ,o' t neúka wms me/oaoïy' wmf.a Ôú;h fu úg fkd fokakdy” hs Nhska
;e;s f.k" ;uka-;ukaf.a wiqka msg keÕS W;a;r m[apd, kqjrg uQK ,d kud
.;ay' tA hkakjqka ±l fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.a msßi tl meyer lshkakdyq"
“fld, n%yauo;a; rcq tla ishhla rcqka yd fiakdj yd werf.k ì£ m,d hkakdy” hs
uy;a fldg y~ .id flda,dy, l<y' tA wid rcorefjda ;dla uq¿,a, jv-jvd
Nhm;a je m,d hkakdyq u h' Tjqfkdjqka fkd n,d uyd fiakdfjda;a ì£ .shy'
fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a msßi tA ±l;a jv-jvd flda,dy, meje;ajQy' lreKdksOdk jQ
udf.a iajdñorejdfKda ‘ì£ hkakjqka ¨yqn|j’ hs hk nil=;a fkd lshd" ;uka
jykafiaf.a fiakdj msßjrd kqjrg jka fial' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejka yd tA id uy;a
fiakdj yd fodf<dia .õjla ;eka ì£ m,d .shy'

b;d w,ÊÔ jQ ÿIag jQ flajÜghd wiq keÕSS" láka f,a ou-oud k<f,a f,a msi-msi
Èjkafka h¦ fiakdjg wdikak j wiq msg u ys|" “mskaj;aks" fkd hj¦ uu f.dúhd
mq;= fkdjekafoñ' isgqj" isgqj˜ hs lS h' tfia lSj;a fiakdj fkdr|d u Èjkakdyq
fufia lshkakdy: —fld, múgq ÿIag wO¾ñIaG jQ kslDIAg wkdpdr iajrEm we;s
wj,laIK jQ w{dk nuqKq uy,a," f;da" ‘O¾u hqoaOh flfrñ’ hs lshd f.diska
;g uqkqnqre ;rug;a ke;s b;d nd, ;eke;a;ka je| mS h' fï ukqIH f,dalfhys
Wmka i;a;ajhkaf.ka cv jQ hï tllayq l< ukd hï fkdlghq;a;la we;s kï tA
ish,af,ka ;d úiskq;a fkdl<ukd fohla weoao@ cvh" ue; fkdfodvd f;dhs;a
;df.a mK fkd kid hk wf;l keÕS hd” hs hkd§ka lsh-lshd Tyqf.a nia ;uka
lfkl fkd fy<d ´ yg wdfl%daY mßNj fnfKñka fkdr|d u Èjkakdy'

t nuqKd jy-jyd u Èj f.k f.dia fiakdj ueog mek fufia lshd ,S h: “wehs@ l=ula
lshjq o@ uu f.dúhd mq;= fkd jekafoñ' uu f.dúhd mq;= fkdjekafoñ' fld,"
15
 j|kd flfkla k<, oK je,ñá f,a ,d f.k;a j¢oao@ fï je£ï udk f;dm
w;ska wo weiSñ! tA f.dúhd ms;a ud‚lH r;akfhlska ud jxpd fldg mS he” hs
fkdfhla ldrK lshd .súiajd ;ud jiÕ fldg" tfia ñ§ ;=ka fhdÿkla m,d
.sh tA id uy;a fiakdj r|jd kej; f.k’jq;a m<uq mßoafoka ue jg ,d .;'
fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.a wkqNdjfhka fkd is;+ fyhska uq;a bÈka tA fiakdj
tla tla mia ñgla j;a ±uqfha ù kï w.,a ;=k mqrd f.k wgf<dia ßhka mjqr msg
kej; tmuK f.dv lrkakg;a jvd we;s jkafka h' tA tfia ue hs' ;sf,da.=re
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka u “fndaêi;a;dkx wêmamdhd kdu bÊ®ka;s-”
“fndai;=kaf.a woyia kï isÿ fõ” hs jod< neúka wNsu;d¾:idOl jQ Ñka;dud‚lHhla
n÷ jQ udf.a fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.a f;aciska u mia ñgla j;a legla j;a kqjr
Èidjg oukakd ;nd is;skq;a is;+ tl o i;a;ajfhla ke;af;a h' ish,af,da u wjq;a
;uka m<uq Wkakd jQ ia:dkfhys u ys| .;ay'
wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu
i;r lka uka;%Kh
wl=iq - fyKavqj
wdfl%daY mßNj - kskaod wmydi
wka;iair - T;a;=ldr$ we;=<; yeisfrk$prmqreI
.kaO odu - iqj`o u,a$je,a
mqIamodudj,ïì; - u,a je,a t,a,k ,o
ú;dfkdm,CIs; - úhklska hqla; jQ
fldg-msh mq;= l:djla - lsj hq;= l:djla
l=reì,sfhka - l=vd ryia fodßka
oirejg - Wrysig
welfhys - Wl=f<ys
iqj fmda;lhka - .srd megjd
mshd iÕ< - mshdm;a hqj<
biqreu;=ka - Okj;=ka
Wlg,S - w,i$ WodiSkj
k;=fjda u h - i;= jQy
huq.=re nd,d - hlv fmd¨j,ska .id
mi,a okjqje kqjrg - mxpd, foaYhg wh;a kqjrg$msáirg
wh;a kqjrg
lafIdaN - le,öug m;a fldg
o< mq~q fiai;a - we;a o;a ñg iys; iqÿ l=v
ñhqre kqjr jg,Eu
YDx.s ,d - úI fhdod
fõrïn jd;fhka - wyfiys fhdÿkla muK tmsg we;ehs
ie,flk jd;fhka
ye<,S .sh - le,ö .sh
rka fmdfrdaÿ - r;arka ieris,s
16
f;daur - l=ka;dhqO
m%;suKaä; - iukaú;
ldy, - fydrKE
èjc mÙla;s - fldäfma<s
ysfhdjqre - yS fldmq
Okq¾Orhka - ÿkqjdhka
Wm,laIs; - w,xldr jQ
kslDIAg - kskaÈ;
úÿriqka - jc%dik
wkH;r - tla;rd
wis - lvq
Yla;s - fy,a,
lrjd, - flá lvq úfYaIhla
fyKaäjd, - wksk wdhqO
ú.ukfhka - ÿreùfuka
iskakïNr - fydrKEj
;ka;sß mg - ùKd úfYaIhla
.egmygq - foKaäu kï fnr
mkd fnr - l< fnr
uQÿ mr.dkd - uqyqÿ f>daId lrkakdla fuka
lkl - lrdnq
lgl - j<¨
rikd - fujq,a ou$ yjäh
kQmqr - mfha n¢k wdNrK
;dvxl - lfka m,¢k wdNrKhls
j<h - uqoao
wjq,a yr - mmqj u; m,¢k wdNrK úfYaIhla
Wor nkaOk - Worh ^nv& jgd n¢k wdNrK
bianla - ßhka tlish y;<syl ÿr
.eg ksuq,a yr - YÍrdNrK
fma/ia - rcqf.a ku flgQ uqoao
tlajeá - tla mglska hq;a ud, úfYaIhla
mdocd,d - mfhys ouk ,o ±,a wdNrK
mdokq - mdofha wdrCIdjg ouk jeiqï
t¿ika - m%S;sfhka k.k y~
T,ajrika - ch f>daId
wiqreika - uymgeÕs,a, yd ue±Õs,a, tlg .eàfuka
Yíohla ksl=;a lsÍu
hqoafOdamdh fh§u
wdYS¾úIhlayq - úI iys; i¾mhl=
17
 È.ka;rfhys - iEu Èidfjys
wiïNS;j - tä;rj$fkdìhj
úcDïNkh - jecfUk
ffikaOjhka - wYajhka
Wmud úIhd;sl%dka; - Wmud l< fkdyels
wlafI!ys‚h - wx. iïmQ¾K uyd hqO fiakdj
^we;=ka 21870" wYajhka 65510" r: 21870"
mdn< 109350&
Oj,èP;% - iqÿ fldä
iqm%;sIaÀ; - iaÓrj$ fkd ief,k fia msysá
iuDoaO - iM, jQ
iuqÊj,s; - nn<k

wNHdi

01' ufy!IO mKaä;hkaf.a Wmdh fl!Y,Hh fya;=fjka fõfoay rdcHh wdrCId

jQ wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' ydiHfhka yd Wmydifhka hqla;j flajÜg nuqKdf.a pß;h ks¾udKh lr

we;s wkaou mdvu weiqfrka úuikak'

03' “Wïu.a. cd;l l:dfjys id¾:l;ajhg tla fya;=jla ù we;af;a tys fhdod .;a
NdId Í;shhs” kshñ; fldgi weiqßka idlÉPd lrkak'

04' ufy!IO mKaä;hdf.a;a flajÜg nuqKdf.a;a pß; ;=< we;s iu úIu;d

olajkak'

05' jpk úkdYldÍ f,i Ndú;fhka iudchlg úh yels ydks mdvu weiqfrka
úuikak'

18
 2 .=;a;s, fjK ko
^jE;a;Efõ ysñ -- fldaÜfÜ wjêh&

.=;a;s, ldjHh rpkd lrk ,oafoa jE;a;Efõ ysñhka úisks' Wka jykafia jhU
m<df;a i;a fldar<fha my< fodf<dia m;a;=fõ jE;a;Ej kï .fuys Wmkafkls'
mµ 511lska iukaú; .=;a;s, ldjHh .=;a;s, cd;lh weiqfrka ks¾udKh jQjls'
.=;a;s, ldjHh rpkd lrk f,i wdrdOkh lrk ,oafoa isß merl=ïnd rcqg
fiajh l< w.ue;sjrfhl= jQ i,dj; chmd, ue;s÷ka úisks'

.=;a;s, ldjHhg mdol jQ l:d jia;=j ieflúka fufia h' WfoakS mqrhg meñKs
fjf<÷ka w;ska .=;a;s, weÿre;=udf.a lS¾;sh ms<sn|j ±k .;a uQis, kï ;reK
.dkaO¾jhd nrKeig meñKsfha ùKd Ys,amh ye±Íug hs' ;u .=rejrhd ±k
isá ish¨ Ys,amfhys fl< meñKs uQis," rdc iNdfjys fiajhg .sfha .=;a;s,
weÿre;=udf.a Woõfjks' tys § ;ud .=rejrhd yd iudk hehs is;+ uQis, f;fï
iudk fiajhg iudk jegqma b,a,d isáfha h' f.da,hd .=rejrhd ;rï u olaI hehs
rc;=ud fkd ms<s.;a fyhska rcqf.a ksfhda.h mßÈ uQis, ;reKhd ;u .=rejrhd
yd jdohlg iQodkï úh' fï wNsfhda.h ksid .=rejrhdf.a is; fl;rï fõokdjg
m;a ù o h;a tA fya;=fjka ilafoõ rcqf.a m`vqmq,a wiak o yqKq úh' ilafoõ rcq
ueÈy;a ùfuka ;r. ìfï § m%;sjdÈhd wmlS¾;shg m;a lsÍug .=;a;s, .dkaO¾jhdg
yels úh' foõf,dfjka ng iqrÕkkaf.a /Õ=ï n,kakg nrKeia kqjrekag yels
úh' ila foú÷f.a werhqfuka foõf,dj § ùKd jdokhla mj;ajkakg o .=;a;s,
weÿre;=udg isÿ úh' tys § fojÕfkda ;uka foõ f,dj Wm; ,enQ ieá weÿß÷g
fy<s lrñka l=i,dksixi uysuh lshd mEy'

jE;a;Efõ ysñ ;u ldjH ix.%yh ks¾udKh lsÍug fya;= jQ isÿùu ms<sn| m%lg
ckm%jdohla fjhs' jE;a;Efõ yduqÿrefjda f;dg.uqfõ YS% rdyq, ysñhkaf.a
f.da,fhla jQy' ldjHlrKfhys ,d jE;a;Efõ ysñhka i;=j mej;s yelshdj ÿgq
rdyq, ysñ Wkajykafia flfrys ;ud ;=< mej;s wm%idoh m< lrkakg Wmdhla
fh§ h' ;u w;jeishl= wu;d jE;a;Efõ ysñhkag Èkm;d m,d fld< ;=ka mx.=jla
fnok f,ig Wmfoia ÿkafka h' ;udg zm, fkd lshd m,d fnokZ nj jgyd .;a
jE;a;Efõ ysñ fmr<d .ug jeä w;r" ;ud wlD;{hl= fkd jk nj .=re;=udg
weÕùu i|yd .=;a;s, l:dj w;H¾:fhka u WÑ; neúka ta weiqfrka ldjHhla
mn¢kakg Wkajykafia is;+y'

19
 ish mska isßka ire
fo;sia ,l=fKka úis;=re
flf,iqka flfrka ÿre
j¢ï uqks W;=uka ;sf,da.=re

hkqfjka ,>q wl=re folla yd .=re wl=rlska hq;= ‘jdhq .Kfhka’ ldjHh wdrïN
lf<a o tys wksIag úmdl ±k ±k u nj ckm%jdofha ths'

1' .=;a;s, weÿre i|

ùKd jhk f,i b|
mfil mkjk ,o
iqÿiq wiafkl f.diska Wka i|

wkajh) ( .=;a;s, weÿre i| b| ùKd jhk f,i mfil mkjk ,o iqÿiq wiafkl
f.diska Wka i|"

w¾:h ( .=;a;s, weÿre;=ud b| f.k ùKd jhkq msKsi mfil mkjk ,o iqÿiq
wiafkl f.diska Wka l,ays"

úia;r ^1& mfil mkjk ,o ( mekùu kï kshu lsÍu hs' ldg;a fmdÿfõ fkdj
fï wij,dg h" hk kshuh we;sj flkl=g iqÿiq mßÈ ms<sfh, lrk ,o
wiqk" mkjk ,o wiqk hs'

2' fkd ±k u ;ud n,

inhg wjq;a fkd mels<
je| ro mo lu,
fofil uQis,hd o Wka l,

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( ;udf.a n,h okafka ke;s j uQis, o mels<Sula ke;s j iNdjg wjq;a
rcqf.a md lu, je|" me;a;l Wka l,ays"

úia;r ^1& uQis, mels<Sula ke;sj iNdjg wdfõ ;udf.a n, fkd o;a ksid h' ;u
n,fha muK okafka kï jdofhka ;udg ch .; fkd yels nj jgyd
.kS' tfia jQ l, isf;a ffO¾hhla we;s fkd jk fyhska mels<Sula we;s
fõ'
) wkajh hkq w¾:h .ekSu i|yd mo .<mk ms<sfj< hs'

20
úia;r ^2& ( lu, hkq r;= fk¨ï h' rcqf.a mdo r;a meye nj ie,lSfuka mo lu,
hhs lSy'

3' isÿ fõ ue hs fjfii

uy fndai;=ka woyi
bka iqr mqfrka nei
wjq;a fndai;ayq Èkjk f,i

wkajh ( fjfii uy fndai;=ka woyi isÿ fõ ue hs' bka iqrmqfrka nei fndai;ayq
Èkjk f,i wjq;a"

w¾:h ( úfYaIfhka uy fndai;=kaf.a woyi isoaO jkafka u h' tfia fyhska ÈjH
f,dalfhka nei fndaêi;a;ajhka Èkjk mßoafoka meñK"

4' ler ñ‚ nrK /ia

riska iqr iejq iqjyia
iqrka iy iyieia
fkd ler isáfha wyia l=i ysia

wkajh ( ñ‚ nrK /ia riska iqjyia iqr iejq ler iqrka iy iyieia wyia l=i
ysia fkdlr isáfha'

w¾:h ( ud‚lHdNrK rdYSkaf.a rYañfhka fndfyda foaÿkq ,laI .Kka we;s

fldg Yl% f;fï foaj fiakdjka yd wyia l=i mqrjd isáfha h'

úia;r ^1& Yl%hdf.a yd fiiq foújrekaf.a wdNrKj, ud‚lHhkaf.a rYañh

wyig ke.=K úg foõÿkq rdYshla ke.=Kd fia h'

^2& iyieia ( iyia weia } iyieia' Yl%hd h'

5' fofok u b| fo msg

iõ i; i;ka ;=gq fldg
iqr .|Uqka f,ig
mgka f.k fjK .dhkdjg

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( .=;a;s, uQis, fofokd fome;af;ys ys| f.k" ish¨ i;a;ajhkaf.a is;a
i;=gq lrñka ÈjH .dkaO¾jhka fuka ùKd .dhkdjg mgka f.k"

21
 úia;r ^1& .dhkdjg ( we;eï wldrdka; ixialD; Yío isxy,hg ;;aiu j tk
úg wd ldrdka; ù" ‘j’ ldrh tla fõ' jk neõ fmfka' foaYk-foaYkdj
fhdack-fhdackdj" wrdOk-wdrdOkdj wdÈh ksoiqka h'

6' kj;d .s.sßfha

wik f,i is;a msßfha
ler lka ìysßfha
lr; fjK .dhkd ißfha

wkajh ( .s.sßfha kj;d" is;a msßfha wik f,i" lka ìysßfha ler" ißfha fjK
.dhkd lr;"

w¾:h ( .s.sßh fyj;a f>daIdj kj;ajd Ñ;a; m%S;sfhka hqla;j wik f,i" lka
ìysß lr" iudk f,i ùKd .dhkd lrk l,ays"

úia;r ( ùKd jdokh mgka .;a flfKys u ñksiqka w;r l;dny kej;=Kq nj;a"
wka lsis kdohla kEfik mßÈ b;d Wia yçka ùKd kdoh kslauqKq nj;a
fuhska lsheú‚'

7' wm fndai;=ka ñi
wfkll= fkd u wik f,i
iqr rc isg wyi
;;la is÷j hs lS h t ú.i

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( wm fndai;=ka yer wfkll= fkd wik mßoafoka iqr rc wyfiys isg" t
flfKys u “;;la is÷j” hs lS h'

úia;r ( ;r.fha b;d u W.% wjia:dfõ § iqr rc wyfiys isg" fndai;=kag muKla
wefik mßoafoka “;;la is÷j” hs lSfõ h' msßfia m%fndaOh ÈhqKq fldg"
Tjqka ,jd fndai;=kaf.a Wiia ch.%yKh yeu w; m%isoaO lrjkq i|yd
h'

8' .=;a;s, uy ismS

ila foõ niska ie;mS
ñka Èkue hs ±mS
nur ;; m<uqfjka is|mS

wkajh ( myiq h'

22
w¾:h ( uyd Ys,amS .=;a;s, ila foúf.a jpkfhka ika;Dma; j" zfuhska ÈksñZ hs
wdvïnrmhg m;aj m<uq fldg nur ;; is| ±ó h'

^1& ie;mS ( i;m ^ie;mqïys& Od;=fjka isoaO mQ¾j l%shd h' ika;Dma; ù"
fyd|g u iekiSug m;a ù hkq w¾: hs'

^2& nur ;; ( ùKdfjys m%Odk ;; h'

^3& is|mS ( zis|Z mQ¾j ls%hdjls' zmSZ hkq msh ^mshqïys& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S; ld,
m%:u mqreI tAl jpk wdLHd;h hs'

9' ;; u;= o iskafoa

ms<su,a om o iskafoa
hi È.; wekafoa
úch isß i| f.k je,ekafoa

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( iskafoa ùKd ;; muKla o@ m%;su,a,jhdf.a o¾mh o iskafoa h¦ lS¾;sh

È.ka;fhys Ñ;%Kh lf<a h¦ úch Y%S ldka;dj le|jd je,| .;af;a h'

úia;r ^1& .=;a;s, weÿre ;; is£u;a iu. úreoaOjdÈhdf.a wdvïnrh o iqka l<
nj;a" lS¾;sh il, È.ka;fhys me;srjQ nj;a ch ;ud fj;g muqKqjd
.ekSfuka ftYaj¾hh ,o nj;a fï moHfhka lshefõ'

10' iqka t ;;ska t i|

miq ler iqrka fjK ko
ÈhqKq ÈhqKq j ko
kslau me;sfr; oi; úksúo

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( tl,ays iskaod jQ tA ;;ska foúhkaf.a ùKd kdoh miq lr fo.=K fo.=K
j kdoh kslaó oY ÈYdj mid lr f.k me;sfrk l,ays"

úia;r ^1& iqka ( is|( ^is£fuys& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S; lDoka; h'

11' flf<ys .=K iskafoa

uQis, wkao ukafoa
cfhys f,dn nekafoa
;ud ùKd ;; o iskafoa
23
 wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( l< Wmldrfhys .=Kh iskaod jQ uQis, wkaoukao jQfha" ch.%yKfhys

f,daNh nekafoa ;u ùKdfjys ;; o iskafoa h'

úia;r ^1& ;; is| jhk l, .=;a;s, weÿref.a ùKdfjka kslauqfKa ÈjH ùKdfjka
kslafuk y~ o mrhk" ÈhqKq ÈhqKq j wefik kdohls' isÿ jQ fohska
wkao ukao jQ uQis, ;udf.a ùKdfõ ;; o iskafoa h'

^2& iskafoa ( ^is£fuys& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S; ls%hd" mqreI ,sx." tAl jpk
wdLHd;h hs'

12' wkqjKlï flf<a

.=reka .=K isys fkd flf<a
ko bka fkd m;f<a
whi u h uq¿ Èh; m;f<a
wkajh ( iq.u h'

w¾:h ( .=rejrhdf.a .=Kh isys fkd lf<a h wkqjKlï lf<a h' tA ldrKfhka
kdoh fkd m;f<a h¦ uq¿ f,dalfhys u me;=refKa wmlS¾;sh u h'

13' fo jeks ;=ka jeks ;;
i;r jeks mia jeks ;;
i jeks i;a jeks ;;
fu fia is¢ i| fu wm fndai;

wkajh ( fufia fu wm fndai;" fo jeks ;=ka jeks ;;" i;r jeks mia jeks ;;a"
i jeks i;a jeks ;; o is¢ i|"

w¾:h ( fï wdldrfhka fï wfma fndaêi;a;ajhka fo jk ;=ka jk i;r jk mia

jk i jk i;a jk ;;a o is| Æ l,ays"

14' Èh Èh f.di m< flfrñka imeñ‚

.sh .sh ;ek biajd rka uq;= ñ‚
.sh .sh Èh ko tk fuka f.k ñ‚
ish ish .=Kfhka fjK ko kslañ‚

wkajh ( imeñ‚ Èh f.di Èh m< flfrñka" .sh .sh ;ek rka uq;= ñ‚ biajd"
.sh .sh Èh ko ñ‚ f.k tk fuka fjK ko ish ish .=Kfhka
kslañ‚'
24
w¾:h ( meñ‚hd jQ ch f>daIdj f,dalfhys m%lg lrñka" .sh .sh ia:dkhkays
rka uq;= ñ‚ biajd" .sh .sh ch f>daId ñ‚ f.k tkakd fia ùKd
kdoh ish ish .=Kfhka kslañ‚'

úia;r ^1& ( ;;a ish,a, is| ko kxj;a u .=;a;s,hkag ch meñ‚fha h' kslauqKq
fjK ko flfuka ÈhqKq úh' kdoh ÈhqKq jk ;rug th me;sfrk ÿr
o flfuka jeä fjhs' .=;a;s,hka ch ,n;a u ùKd kdoh ÈhqKq jQfha
meñ‚ ch f.di f,dj m;< lrñka hkakdla fuks' th flfuka
ÈhqKq jQ neúks' tA kdoh hï ÿrlg .sfha kï tys isg th weiqfjda ;=gq
j rka uq;= ñ‚ biaidy' wjik tA ko ish ish .=Kfhka ÈhqKq úh'
túg kslauqKq fjK ko fld;rï ;shqKq ù o h;a me;sr .shdjQ chkdoh
m%;srdj kxjkakd jeks úh'
^2& Èh f.di ( ch f>daIdj
^3& Èh ( f,dalfhys
^4& kslañ‚ ( ksl=ï ^kslaófuys& Od;=fjka ieÿKq ksre;aidyl l%shdjls'
w;S; ld, h'

15' msh ika fkd j ìÕ= ±,a /¢ fldmq,S

wjika fkd j fjK kog u l=yq,S
uo ika iqka msfhdúka isá fkdie,S
.c fika is;shï .c isß lsfh,S

wkajh ( msh ika fkdj ìÕ= ±,a /¢ fldmq,S" fjK kog u l=yq,S wjika fkdj"
uo ikaiqka msfhdúka fkdie,S isá .c fika is;shï .c isß lsfh,S'

w¾:h ( mshdm;a ie¨ï ke;s ó ueis iuQyhd /¢ fldmq,a we;s" ùKd kdohg u
l=yq, wjika fkd jk" uo ikais÷Kq iajNdjfhka fkdie,S isá we;a
fiakdj is;shïj, we;=kaf.a iajNdjh m%ldY lf<a h'
úia;r ^1& we;=ka uo lsmqKq l, fofldmq,ska .,k uo c,h mdkh lsÍug ó
ueiafida t;s' tfia tk ó ueiaikag ks;r mshdUñka h<s h<s;a jeiSug
isÿ jkafka we;=ka ks;r lka;, .ik neúks' fuys ó ueiaika mshdm;a
fkd i,d isàug iu;a jQfha ùKd jdokhg wdl¾IKh ù isá we;=kag
lka ie,Su o wu;l jQ fyhsks'
^2& .c fika'''lsfh,S ( m%dŒka iuQyhla tAldnoaOj l%shdjl fhfok nj
yÕjk moh Wla;j isákd l, l%shdj tAl jpk .;a ;ekls' is;shï .c
isß lsfh,Su tla tla we;d fjk fjk u fkd lrk ,o fyhska fhfoa'
^3& lsfh,S ( lsfhd, ^mejiSfï& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S;dLHd; hs' tAl jpk hs'
^4& ±,a ( cd,dj' iuQyh'

25
 16' lka l¨ fjK ko weiqfuys f,dìfka
rka riq ±,a fld,y, jk ìfhfka
ika i, fkdj tys ms<srE f,isfka
kka yh fika isáfhda isá u;sfka

wkajh ( lkal¨ fjK ko weiqfuys f,dìfka" rka riq ±,a fld,y, jk ìfhfka"
ikai, fkd j tys ms<srE f,isfka kka yh fika isá u;sfka isáfhda'

w¾:h ( lkg ñysß jQ ùKd kdoh weiSfuys wdYdfjka rka riq ±,a fld,y,
fj;ehs hk ìfhka" pxp, fkd ù tys ms<srE fuka fkdfhla wYaj
fiakdfjda ksi, j ysájk u isáfhda h'

úia;r ^1& fkdfhla j¾.j,g wh;a wYaj fiakdfjda ms<srE f,iska fkdfi,aù
isáhy' ula ksid o@ f.f,ys ne¢ rka ñ‚ f.ä je,a fi,jqfKd;a ñysß
ùKd kdoh fkdwefik neúks'
^2& ikai, ( pxp, hk ixialD; Yíoh isxy,g ilid .;a ieá h'
^3& yh fika'''isáfhda fmr lúfha zfikaZ ^.c& hk jok tAl jpk iajrEmhlska
wjidk ls%hdjg n, mE kuq;a" fuys§ nyq jpkhla f,ig fh§ ;sfí'

17' ks;s ksß÷f. /ljf,ys kshq;af;da

re;s f,i remqfkdo ì| ch .;af;da
me;s frk fjK ko ne÷Kq is;e;af;da
w;s kú .s,sfyk nj fkdu o;af;da

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( ksr;=re rcqf.a /ljf,ys fh§ isá" leu;s mßÈ i;=rkaf.a To ì| ch

.;a" me;sfrk ùKd kdofhys ne÷Kq is; we;af;da w;ska wdhqO .s,sfyk
nj fkd u o;ay'

úia;r ^1& rcqf.a ks;H /ljrKfhys fh§ isá wdrlaIl Nghka w;ska wú .s,sySu
Tjqkag o~qjï ,eîug fya;= fjhs' tfia úh yels úm; mjd ùKd kdoh
weiSfuka isysm;a fkd ù .sh nj fuhska yeÕú‚'

^2& w;skú ( w;ska+wú - w;skú ^iajr ikaêh&

18' uk u;a lrjk ok uq¿ forKd

rij;a jk fjK ko ko lrKd
ijfkd;a i| mqrÕk f,dn ÈjqKd
fkdoks;a orejka welfhka jegqKd
26
wkajh ( uq¿ forK ok uku;a lrjk" lrK ko rij;a jk fjK ko ijfkd;a
i| f,dn ÈjqKd mqrÕk orejka welfhka jegqKd fkd oks;a'

w¾:h ( uq¿ fmdf<da ;,fhys ckhkaf.a is;a u;a lrjk" lrKhka koaO jQ"
rij;a jk fjK ko" lkaj, jegqKq l, wdYdj jeä l< mqrdx.kdfjda
orejka welfhka jegqKq nj fkd oks;a'

úia;r ^1& ;rÕ ùKd jdokfha rij;a nj uekúka meyeÈ,s lrjk jekquls'
^2& lrK ko ( lrK kï jehqfï iu;alï m< flfrk wx. hs'
tAjdfhka jeiqKq koaO ^ko& hs'
^3& rij;a ( ri we;sfha rij;a' wia;H¾:fhys j;a m%;Hh fh§ ieÿKq
;oaê; mohls'
^4& jegqKd ( jg ^jeàfuys& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S; Ndj lDoka;h'
^5& mqrÕk ( Yío m%lD;sh m%:ud nyq jpkfhys fh§ we;'

19' mka is¿ ùKd ko miq neiajQ

uka mskjk fjK kofhka f;diajQ
kka ok leka ÿgqj o ìh isiajQ
ñka r<jq;a .x fjr<g /iajQ

wkajh ( mkais¿ ùKd ko miq neiajQ" uka mskjk fjK kofhka f;dia jQ" kka
ok leka ÿgqj o ìh isia jQ" ñka r< wjq;a .x fjr<g /ia jQ'

w¾:h ( mxpYsLhdf.a ùKd kdoh miq neiajQ" uka mskjk ùKd kdofhka i;=gg
meñ‚" fkdfhla ck iuQyhka ±l;a ìhla ke;s jQ u;aiH iuQyfhda wjq;a
.x bjqr iómhg /ia jQfjda h'

úia;r ^1& uOqr ùKd kdoh <x <x ù wikq ms‚i ud¿ rxpq .x bjqrg wdy'
^2& ñka r< ( tld fuka l%shd fkd lrk neúka /iajQ hs l%shdj nyq jpk
úh'

20' jr fjK ko wiñka is; if;disks

ir yer isfhd;=ka mshm;a úoñks
mqr Ur jiñka isá rÕ l=ï jeks
iqr fikÕg iqriqka mekjQ jeks

w¾:h ( úYsIag jQ ùKd kdoh wiñka is;a i;=áka" .uka yer oud" mshdm;a úoyñka
mlaISka k.rfha wyi jidf.k isáhd jQ wdldrh l=ula jeks ±hs lshf;d;a"
ÈjH iuQyhdg ÈjHdik mekjQ jekak'

27
 úia;r ^1& ùKd kdoh wiñka i;=gg m;a mlaISka .uka yer" .ukg úoyd .;a
mshdm;a úysod f.k u wyfia isàu fmkqfKa ÈjH fiakdjg ÈjHdik
mkjd ;sfnkakdla fuks'

^2& jeks ( iudk lsÍï w¾:fhys ksmd; hs'

21' fhdod ijka fjK ko ri iq,nj

k|d tlÕ is;a j; fkd u ifldnj
iod l=,h fkdyer u tk wiqnj
tod .sfha ß<jqka ikai, nj

wkajh ( iq,n fjK ko ri ijka fhdod" is;a fkd u ifldn j k|d tlÕ j;"
l=,h yer u iod wiqn j tk ß<jqka ikai, nj tod .sfha'

w¾:h ( myiqfjka ,efnkakd jQ ùKd kdo rihg lka fhduq fldg" is;a fkd
le,ö i;=áka tlÕ jk l,ays" mrïmrd mqreoaog yeuod wfYdaNk f,i
mj;ajd f.k tk ß<jqkaf.a pxp, Ndjh tod my úh'

úia;r ^1& ß<jq ljr od;a pxp, .;s we;af;da h' ùKd kdofhys ri ú£fuka
i;=gg m;a j Tjqkaf.a is;a tlÕ ùu ksid Tjqkaf.a tA mrïmrd.;
ÿ¾.;sh my úh'
^2& ß<jqka ( ß<d ¬ Wka } ß<jqka' j ldrh wd.u úh'
^3& ifldn ( le,öu ^ixlafIdaN&

22' tud i;ayq fjK ko wiudkh

iud fkd fj;s fldjqf,da Wmudkh
;ud kdo ñys/hs hk udkh
oud thska úkafoda wjudkh

wkajh ( t udi;ayq wiudk fjK kog fldjqf,da Wmudkh iu fkdfj;s' thska
;uka kdo ñys/hs hk udkh oud" wjudkh úkafoda'
w¾:h ( uyi;ayqf.a tA wiudk fjK kog Wmud lsÍug fldjqf,da iqÿiq fkdfj;s'
thska Wka ;ukaf.a kdoh ñysß h hk udkh yer oud" wjudkh úkafoda
h'

úia;r ^1& udi;ayq ( uyi;ayq' fuys uyi;ayq hk iïnkaO úNla;s w¾:fhys u fhfoa'

^2& úkafoda ( ú| ^ú£fuys& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S; lDoka; kdu hs'

ú|¬´ } úkafoda m%:ud úNla;sh'

28
23' wik ßiska khs le, Tif<dahd
Tjqk fj; u isákd .=ref<dahd
jhk t fjK ko f,dn u lf<dahd
tÈk jhsr is; isys fkd lf<dahd

wkajh ( khs le, ^t fjK ko& wik ßiska Tif<da h' Tjqka fj; u isákd
.=ref<da jhk t fjK ko f,dn u lf<da h¦ tÈk jhsr is; isys fkd
lf<da h'

w¾:h ( kd. iuQyhd ^tA ùKd kdoh& wikq leue;af;ka /ia jQy' Tjqka <Õ u
isá .=ref<da jhkakd jQ tA ùKd kdofhys f,daNh u lf<da h¦ tA ojfiys
ffjr is; isys fkd lf<da h'

úia;r ^1& .=ref<da kd.hka <Õg u ù isáhy' .=ref<da kd.hka nqÈ;s hs m%lg h'
ùKd kdofhys ñysr ksid tÈk Tjqkag ffjrh wu;l úh'
^2& Tif<da h ( Tir ^/ia ùfuys& Od;=fjka ieÿKq w;S; lDoka; kdu h'

24' ne¢ ok uk jehqfuys weÿfrdahd

ú¢ i;air fjK ir uÿfrdahd
/¢ if;diska iekyqKq b÷frdahd
je¢ ok isß .;a;=h ls÷frdahd

wkajh ( ok uk ne¢ jehqfuys weÿfrda" uÿr i;air fjK ir ú¢ if;diska /£

b÷frda iekyqKq ls÷frda je¢ ok isß .;a;= h'

w¾:h ( ckhdf.a is;a .kakdiq¨ jdokfhys wdpd¾h jQ" i;ajidrhdf.a uOqr ùKd
iajrh úkaokh l<d jQ ikaf;daIfhka /¢ iekyqKq b÷rka we;s ls÷frda
jka§kaf.a wdldrh .;a;dyq h'

úia;r ^1& iekyqKq ( iky ^iekySfuys& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S; lDoka; h'
^2& b÷frda ( wei" lk" Èj" kdih" lh hk fï my bkaøshfhda h' fjK ko
wid ls÷rka thg ;=;s lrk ksid tA ls÷frda jkaÈNÜghkaf.a isß .;ay'
^3& i;air) ( fndaêi;a;ajhd¦ i;ajidrhd

25' if;dia lrk ùKd ko weiqug

fkdf.dia isák ms,anr .K f.dÿrg
fjfiia reúka ;u uejqj;a nUyg
i|eia ijka fkdl<e hs jQ fkdi;=g

wkajh ( if;dia lrk ùKd ko weiqug f.dÿrg fkd f.dia isák ms,n a r .K
fjfiia reúka ;ud uejqj;a" i|eia ijka fkdl<e hs nU yg fkdi;=g jQ'
) ima; iajr f,i o w¾: ±lafõ'
29
 w¾:h ( ikaf;daIh Wmojk ùKd kdoh weiSug f.dÿre fidhd fkdf.dia isák
fudkr iuQyhd úfYaI rEmfhka ;uka uejQj;a" ms,a w. ‘weia’ ,l=Kq
‘lka’ fkd lf<a hehs n%yauhdg wi;=g m< l<y'

úia;r ^1& ms,anr .K ( fudkr iuQyhd' ms,a /ila we;af;a ms,anr' Wkaf.a .K
^iuQyhd& ms,anr .K
^2& i|eia ( i| ¬ weia } i|eia mQ¾jiajrf,dam ikaêh' i|eia kï ms,a w. we;s
weia wdldr i,l=Kq h'
^3& jQ ( j ^ùfuys& Od;=fjka ieÿKq w;S;dLHd;h' fuys ms,anr .K hk
iuQyjdÖ nyq jpk Wla;hg fhÈK'

26' fjfiiska hk ko È.; mqrdhd

wiñka ;=re ysi r|k .srdhd
Wuqfjka .;a ó wU ñhqrdhd
±uqfjka fjK ko u h ñhqrdhd

wkajh ( È.; mqrd hk ko fjfiiska wiñka ;=re ysi r|k .srd Wuqfjka .;a
ñhqre ó wU ±uqfjka ñhqre fjK ko u h'

w¾:h ( È.ka;h mqrd me;sÍ hk ùKd kdoh úfYaIfhka wiñka .ia Wv bkakd
.srjqka wdYdfjka .;a uOqr ó wU ±uQ fyhska ñysß jQfha ùKd kdoh u hs'
úia;r ^1& .ia uqÿkaj, isák .srjq ó wU l;s' tfy;a ùKd kdoh b;du;a ñysß ksid"
thg lka muKla fkdj is; o we§ hEfuka" Tjqka .;a ó wU wylg ou;s'
ula ksid o@ ó wU rihg jvd jeä rihla ùKd kdofhys jQ ksid h'
^2& Wuqfjka ( WkauqLfhka' b;d wdYdfjka'

27' re;s jkfm;skeúÈka iquqfjdahd

ks;s ñhq/;s fjK ko<uqfhdahd
is;sú,s ke;s rE ú,i uqfjdahd
;e;s fkd.ks;s ñksiqka iuqfjdahd

wkajh ( re;s jk fm;ska iquqfjda weúÈka" ks;s ñhqre we;s fjK ko w< uqfjda
uqfjda is;sú,s ke;s rE ú,i ñksiqka yuq j ;e;s fkd .ks;s'
w¾:h ( is;al¨ jkfm;ska rxpq msáka meñK ksrka;r ñysß nj we;s ùKd kdohg
wßkd ,o uqLh we;s uqfjda is;sú,s ke;s rEm ú,i ñksiqka yuq j ìhm;a
fkd fj;s'

úia;r ^1& ñksiqkag uqjka .ek o uqjkag ñksiqka .ek o yeÕSula fkd ù h' Tjqka
is;ays jQfha ùKd kdoh mu‚'
30
 ^2& jkfm;skeúÈka ( jkfm;ska ¬ weúÈka } jkfm;skeúÈka
^3& iquqfjda ( iuQy j
^4& ko< uqfjda ( ko ¬ w< uqfjda } ko< uqfjda w< hkq wr ^weÍfï& Od;=fõ
w;S; lDoka;hs' kdohg úiañ; j lg wer f.k isáhd jQ w< uqj hkak
úiaud¾:h fohs' yqiau Wvg weo lg wer f.k isákafka úiaufhks'
^5& iuqfjda ( yuq j iïuqL j

28' fkdf.diska isg isá jk ksnf|ahd

fjfiiska iqr kr fika fkd uf|ahd
if;diska ú| ú| f,dn fkd isf|ahd
fuf,iska fjK ko wik if|ahd

wkajh ( fkdu| iqr kr fika fkdf.diska ksn| isá jk isg" fjfiiska if;diska
ú| ú|" f,dn fkd is|" fuf,iska fjK ko wik i|"

w¾:h ( fndfyda jQ ÈjH ukqIH fiakdjka neyer fkdf.diska ks;r u isá

;ekaj, u isg f.k" úfYaI i;=áka ri ú¢ñka" fkdis÷Kq wdYdfjka"
fï wdldrfhka ùKd kdoh wik l,ays"

úia;r ^1& ÈjH ukqIH uyd fiakdj isá ;ekaj, u isg fkdis÷Kq wdYdfjka ùKd
kdofhys uOqr iajrh Y%jKh lr;s'
^2& isá jk ( isá fia u hk w¾:hs' ysá bßhõfjka u

29' mgka iqß÷ ÿka Wmfoia isys fldg

bgka fnf,ka ±uqfjka .=<s wyig
;=gka jvk iqr wÕfkda nei isg
mgka .;a;= kj ishhla kegqug

wkajh ( mgka iqß÷ ÿka Wmfoia isys fldg" bgka fnf,ka .=<s wyig ±uqfjka"
;=gka jvk iqr wÕfkda kj ishhla nei isg kegqug mgka .;a;='

w¾:h ( m<uq fldg ila foõ rcq ÿka WmfoaYh isys fldg" wêIaGdk n,fhka .=<s
wyig ±uQ fyhska" i;=g jvk iqr wÕfkda kj iShla nei isg kegqug
mgka .;ay'

úia;r ^1& mgka ( m%:ufhka hk w¾: hs' mgka .ekau wdÈ ;ekays o fhfoa'
^2& bgka ( wêIaGdk

30' <Õ <Õ jd Wkqkg lr jdoh

fkd jrojd ùKd mo jdoh
rÕ wÕ jd iqr-krÕk fíoh
fio lrjd rc inh mfndaoh

31
 wkajh ( ùKd mo jdoh fkdjrojd" <Õ <Õ j Wkqkg jdo lr iqrkrÕk rÕ
fíoh wÕjd rc inh fio mfndaoh lrjd"

w¾:h ( ùKd mo jdokh fkdjroaod <x <x ù Tjqfkdjqka yg ;r. lr

iqrdx.kdjkaf.a yd krdx.kdjkaf.a kegqï fjki fmkajd rdc iNdj
jyd m%fndaO lrjd"

úia;r ^1& iqrÕfkda jßka jr Tjqfkdjqkag <x ù ;r.hg kg;s' tfia kgk úg mjd
Tjqyq ùKd moh fkdjroao;s' thska Tjqyq iqrÕkkaf.a yd krÕkkaf.a
kegqïys fjki uekúka olajd rdc iNdj i;=gq l<y'
^2& rÕ ( keàfuys' rx.kfhys
^3& wÕjd ( yÕj ^yeÕùfï& Od;=fjka ieÿKq m%fhdacH mQ¾j l%shdj yÕjd
hkq hs' y ldr f,damfhka wÕjd hkqfjka o jHjydr flf¾'
^4& fio ( YS>%d¾:fhys ksmd; mohls'

31' hgeiska ,k ne,afuka iqr ú,iS

fjfiiska ok uk u;a ler tliS
wyiska nei rÕ .;a rÕ flf,iS
Èis fuka úh úÿ,sh ish oyiS

wkajh( iqr ú,iS hgeiska ,k ne,afuka fjfiiska ok uk tliS u;a ler"
wyiska nei rÕ .;a rÕ flf,i@ úÿ,sh ish oyia Èis fuka úh'

w¾:h ( ÈjH ú,diskSka my; n,d .;a weiska fy<kakd jQ ne,afuka úfYaIfhka
ckhdf.a is;a tAldka;fhka u;a fldg" wdldYfhka nei kegqï .;a
,S,dj ljrdldr o@ úÿ,sh ,laI .Kkla tl úg Èia jQjdla fuka úh'

úia;r ^1& hgeiska ( há weiska } hgeiska mQ¾j iajr f,dam ikaêh

^2& iqr ú,iS ( ÈjH ú,diskSka' ú,diskS hkq ia;%sh hs'
^3& tliS ( tAldka;fhka

32' Èuq;= hiia jka l=iqu irdf.a

kquq;= iqj| u,a me,| irdf.a
ol=;= rÕk iqrÕk rÕ ,df.a
Wu;= fkd fj o flf,il is; ldf.a

wkajh ( l=iquirdf.a Èuq;= hiia jka iqj| kqu;= u,a irdf.a me,| rÕk iqrÕk
rÕ ,df.a ol=;= ldf.a is; flf,il Wu;= fkd fj o@

32
w¾:h ( wkx.hdf.a §ma;su;a lS¾;sh jeks iqj| fkd ñÿKd jQ u,a ysia uqÿfkys
me,| kgkakd jQ ÈjHdx.kd rx. ú,dih olakd l,ays ljrl=f.a is;
flf,il Wu;= fkd jkafka o@

úia;r ^1& iqrÕfkda ysia uqÿfka iqj¢ka hq;= u,a me,| f.k kg;s' tA u,a ldufoajhdf.a
lS¾;sh fuks' lS¾;sh iqÿ mdg h' l=iquird fyj;a wkx.hd lduh Wmojhs'
ysi u; u,a me,¢ fulS iqrÕfkda o lduh Wmoj;a'
^2& l=iquird ( l=iqï ir ^yS& fldg we;af;a l=iqïird wkx.hd h' fudyqf.a
ÿkak Wla o~qfjka lrk ,oaols' ÿkq Èh nur je,ls' yS u,a h' tA u,a mia
j¾.hls' tkï fk¿ï" wfidal" wU" oEiuka" ks¨mq,a hk fïjd h'
^3& iqj| kquq;= ( iqj¢ka fkd ñÿK' kquq;= ( kq mQ¾j uq;a ^ñ§fuys& Od;=fjka
ieÿKq w;S; lDoka;h kquq;a hkq h' t<siuh i|yd kquq;= hkq úh'
^4& irdf.a ( ysia uqÿfka' ir ^ysi& ¬ w. ¬ tA } irdf.a'
^5& ol=;= ( Èia ^±l=ïys& Od;=fjka ksmka wiïNdjH l%shdj ols; hkq h' t<siuh
i|yd ols;= hkq ù iajr mrrEmfhka ol=;= hkq úh'
^6& ,df.a ( ,d. Yíoh m%ldrd¾:fhys jefÜ' m%ldrh" ieáh" ú,dih hkq w¾:
hs'

33' rE /fia w¢kd f,fia w;a

f,< ȧ úÿ,sh mnd
rka rfia tla jk f,fia fjK
kdokQ md ;n ;nd
lïmfia fok ier f,fia foi
n, n,d fk;.ska ind
uï flfia mjiï tfia jr
iqr <÷ka ÿka rÕ iqnd

wkajh ( rE /fia w¢kd f,fia úÿ,sh mnd w;a f,< ȧ" rka rfia tla jk f,fia
fjK kdo wkq md ;n ;nd" lï mfia ier fok f,i fk;.ska ind foi
n, n,d" tfia jr iqr <÷ka ÿka rÕ iqnd uï flfia mjiï@

w¾:h ( rEm rdYshla w¢kd f,i úÿ,sh m%Nd we;s w;a f,< ȧ" rka yd riÈh
tla jkakdla fuka ùKd kdohg wkqj md ;nñka" wkx.hd mia ySh
^ks¨mq,a u,a& úÈkakdla fuka fk;.ska iNdj foi n, n,d" tA wdldrhg
W;a;u iqrx.kdjka ÿkakd jQ rx.kfha iajNdjh uï flfia mjiï o@

úia;r ^1& iqrÕkkaf.a w;a úÿ,sh m%Ndfjka ^t<sfhka& hqla; h' Tjqkaf.a ;d,dkql+,
fõ.j;a yia; p,kh rEm rdYshla w¢kakdla jeks h' ùKd kdoh wkqj
mdo ;eîu rkg riÈh tla jkakdla jeks h' fk;a fldkska iNdj foi
fy<k ne,au wkx.hd úÈkakdla jeks h'

33
 ^2& rka rfia tla jk f,fia ( rka o ri Èh o tla jk f,iska' rka o riÈh
o ukd j tla fõ' ùKd kdohg wkqj ;nk mdo ùKd kdoh iu. ukd
f,i .e<fma'
^3& kdokQ ( kdo ¬ wkq } kdokq" kq hkq kQ jQfha úß; rlskq i|yd h'
^4& lï mfia ier ( lï kï wkx.hdhs' Tyqf.a mia jk ySh kï ks¨mq,a h'
iqrÕkkaf.a fk;a ks¨mq,a jekak' tAjdhska inh foi ne,au wkx.hd mia
jk ySh ú§ula jeks j lduh Wmojhs' mia ^jk& ier hkak úß; i|yd
mfia ier úh'
^5& mjiï ( mji ^mejiSfï& Od;=fjka ieÿKq j¾;udk ld, W;a;u mqreI
tAl jpk wdLHd;hs'

34' mqka uodrd u,a oñka uqÿ

È.= iqks,a jr,i f.d;d
uka uod ls;= ,sh f,iska Wr
;=r ird È,s uq;= ,;d
uka kod jk ñ‚ fujq,a ko
fjK kÈka tla fldg b;d
Wka tod ÿka rÕ ÿfgd;a ;j
ila iem;a ljfrla m;d

wkajh ( mqka uodrd u,a oñka uqÿ È.= iqks,a jr,i f.d;d" ukauod ls;=,sh f,iska
È,s uq;= ,;d Wr;=r ird" uka kod jk ñ‚ fujq,a ko fjK kÈka b;d
tla fldg Wka tod ÿka rÕ ÿfgd;a ;j ila iem;a ljfrla m;d@

w¾:h ( msmqKq uodrd u,a oñka uDÿ jQ" b;d Èla jQ" b;d ks,a jQ flia l,U f.d;d
f.k" wkx.hdf.a lS¾;s ,;dj fuka È,sfikakd jQ uq;= je,ska <h ueo
irid f.k" is;a i;=gq jk ñ‚ fujqf,ys y~ ùKd kdoh yd w;sYhska
ñY% fldg Wka tod ÿkakd jQ rx.kh ÿgqfjd;a ;j Yl% iïm;a;shla
ljfrla m;;a o@

úia;r ^1& uodrd u,a ( foõf,dj we;s u,a fjfiils'

^2& ukauod ls;= ,sh f,iska ( kdáldx.kdjka <h ueog jefgk fia me,¢ uq;=
ud, wkx.hdf.a lS¾;s ,;d jeks h' lS¾;sh iqÿ he hs lõiufha ie,fla'
ukauod hkq wkx.hd h'
^3& ñ‚ fujq,a ko ( mer‚ ia;%Skaf.a bÕáfhys n|kd ,o ue‚la tínQ
wdNrKhls' l=vd ñ‚ f.ä o t,ajQ fuh kgk úg fi,fjhs' bka kdo
me;sfrhs'
^4& ÿfgd;a ( ÿgqj fyd;a' ÿg ¬ fyd;a' y ldr f,damfhka ÿg ¬ T;a } ÿfgd;a" mQ¾j
iajr f,dam ikaê h' wiïNdjH l%shdjls'

34
 wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

weÿre i|
weÿre i| - weÿre W;=ud
Wka
Wka i| i| - Wka l,ays$WkaWkakkq fõ,dfõ
q fõ,dfõ
mo lu,
mo lu, - mdo kue;s fk¨ï
fk`Mï u, u, ^rEmlhls
^rEmlhls&&
fjfii
fjfii - úfYaIfhka
/ia /is
/ia /iska k a - rYañ rdYsfhka
iqiqrr iejq
iejq iqiqjjyia yia - foaÿkq ish oyia .Kkska
iq r ka
iqrka - foújreka
iyieia
iyieia - Yl%hd ^iyia¬weia&
fomsgg
foms - fome;a;l
iõ i;
iõ i; i;ka i;ka - ish¨ i;a;ajhkaf.a is;a
;=;=ggq q fldg
fldg - i;=gq fldg
.oUq
.oUqka k a - .dkaO¾jhka$jdolhka
jdolhka
.s.s..sßsßfha
fha - f>daIdj
msmsßßfha
fha - wdYdfjka" leue;af;ka
ißfha
ißfha - iudkj
iudk j
iqiqrr rc rc - Yl%hd
uy
uy ismS is m S - uyd Ys,amshd
ie;mS
ie;mS - i;=gqjj
±mS
±mS - tä we;sjj
nur
nur ;; ;; - ùKdfõ uq,a ;;$m%
;;$ m%OOdk dk;; ;;
u;= oo
u;= - muKla fkdj
ms < s u ,a
ms<su,a om om - m%;su,a,jhdf.a$úreoaúreoaOOldrhdf.a
ldrhdf.awdvïnrh$täh
wdvïnrh$täh
hi
hi - lS¾;sh
È.; -
È.; - ÈYdjka
tata i|
i| - tA l,ays
iqiqkka a t;;s
t;;sk ka a - levqKq tA ;;ska
Èhq K q Èhq
ÈhqKq ÈhqKq j K q j - fo.=K - fo.=
fo.=K
K fo.= K ù$jeä
ù$ jeä jeä ùjeä ù
wka o
wkao ukao uka o - isys uq<d jQ$fuda
fudavv
fkdm;f<a
fkdm;f<a - fkdme;srefKa
Èh
Èh f.di f.di - ch f>daIdj
Èh
Èh - f,dalfhys
m<
m< lrñka lrñka - jHdma; lrñka$m;= m;=rrjñka
jñka
msmskha ikaika - mshdm;a .eiSula
ìÕ= ±,a
ìÕ= ±,a - ó ueis iuQyhd
fldmq
fldmq,a , a - lïuq,a
uo ika
uo ikaiiqk qka a - uo is÷Kq
ms f hdúka
msfhdúka - iajNdjfhka
35
 rkarriqiq ±,a
rka ±,a
-- r;a
r;a; ;rka
rka ls lsxxls
lsK Ks$s$rkarkañKsñKsff.ä .äfh¥
fh¥±,a
±,a
ika i
ikai, fkdj , fkdj -- fkdfi,a
fkdfi,aù ù
yh -
yh - wYa
wYaj j
msms<<srsrEE -
- ms <
ms<sus u
isisááu;su;sffka ka
-- is
isáá jk jk u$isu á wdldrfhka u
re;s -
re;s - leu;s
leu;s
remq
remqfkdo f kdo -- i;=
i;=rrka kaf f.a
.a täh$wdvïnrh
täh$ wdvïnrh
ijfkd;a i|
ijfkd;a i|
-- weiq
weiqK Kq q l,a
l,ay ^ijka++T;a
ys s ^ijka T;a i|&
i|&
mka i
mkais`M s ` M -- mxpYs
mxpYsL kï jQ ila foú÷f.a ùKd
L kï jQ ila foú÷f.a ùKd jdolhd
jdolhd
kka -
kka - fkdfhla
fkdfhla
ok leka
ok leka -- ck
ck iuQ iuQy yhd
hd
jr
jr - - W;=
W;=ï ï
ir -
ir - ixpdrh
ixpdrh
mq r ZUr
mqrZUr -- k.rfha
k.rfha wyi wyi
iqiqrr fika
fika -- ÈjH
ÈjH fiakdjfia k dj
iqiqrriq iqkka a -- ÈjH
ÈjH wdik wdik ^iq ^iqrr+wiq
+wiqk ka&a&
ifldnj
ifldnj -- le,ö ^ixla
le,ö ^ixlafIdaN j& f Ida N j&
udi;ayyq q
udi;a -- fnda
fndai i;dKka
;dKka jyka jykaf fia
ia
Wmudkh
Wmudkh -- Wmudj
Wmudj
Tif<dahhdd
Tif<da -- /ia
/iajjQQyy
i;aiirr
i;a -- ima
ima; ; ia iaj
jrh
rh ^i"ß"."u"m"O"ks
^i"ß"."u"m"O"ks&&
je¢ ok
je¢ ok isß is ß -- jka
jkaÈ NÜghkaf
È NÜghka f.a
.a wdldrh
wdldrh
msms,,ananrr .K .K -- fudkr
fudkr iuQ iuQy yh h
i|eia
i|eia -- ms
ms,,aj aj,, we;s
we;s weia
weia jeks jeks mq mq,
,a,
a,s s
;=;=rree ysysii -- .ia
.ia uq uqÿÿka
ka
Wuqffjka
Wuq jka -- Wka
Wkau uqLqLfhka
fhka$$wdYdfjka
wdYdfjka
iuq f jda
iuqfjdahd h d -- rxpq
rxpq .eiS$ lKavvdhï
.eiS $ lKa dhïjYfhka
jYfhka
yuqffjda
yuq jdahhdd -- yuq
yuq j j
iq r kr
iqr kr fika fika - foõ ñks - foõ
ia fia ñks kidj a fiakdj
mgka
mgka -- m<uq
m<uq fldg$uqfldg$ uq,,skska u au
bgka -
bgka - wêIa
wêIaG Gdkdk
;=;=ggka ka jvk jvk -- i;=
i;=g g jeäjeä lrk
lrk
<Õ <Õjd
<Õ <Õjd -- Tjq
Tjqf fkdjq
kdjqk ka a yd
yd <x <x <x <x j j
rÕ wÕjd
rÕ wÕjd -- wdldrh
wdldrh olajñka ola j ñka
rÕ fíoh
rÕ fíoh -- rx.kfhys
rx.kfhys fjki fjki
fio -
fio - jyd
jyd
iq r ú,iS
iqr ú,iS -- iq
iqrrÕkka
Õkka$$foõ,s foõ,shhkaka
tliS
tliS -- tl
tl fia fia

36
 rÕ - rx.kh$ kegqu
rÕ flf,iS - wdldrh flfia o
Èis
rÕ - -rx.kh$
Èia jQjd$kegq fmkqu Kd
Èuq;
rÕ flf,iS= - -wdldrh
§ma;su;aflfia o
hiia
Èis - lS¾jQ;sjhd$ fmkqKd
- Èia
l=;
Èuq i=qu ird - -§ma
wkx.hd
;su;a
kquq;
hiia = - lS¾;sh fkdjQ$ fkdñÿKd jQ
- f;dr
l=iquird
irdf.a - -wkx.hd
meyem;a$ meyefhka hq;a
rÕ
kquq;= ,df.a - -f;dr
rx. ,SfkdjQ,dj$$ rÕk wdldrh
fkdñÿKd jQ
úÿ,s
irdf.a h mnd - meyem;a$ meyefhka hq$;úÿ,s
- úÿ,s h n÷ le¨ï we;s a h n÷ ldka;sh we;s
rka,df.a
rÕ rfia - -rx.
r;a;,Srka ,dj$ydrÕk
riÈhwdldrh
lï
úÿ,sh mnd - -úÿ,s
wkx.hd
h n÷ le¨ï we;s$ úÿ,sh n÷ ldka;sh we;s
ier
rka rfia - B;,$
- r;a ;rkaB yd irriÈh
mq
lï k a - -wkx.hd
msmqKq$ msreKq
u,ao
ier ñka - u,aud,dj,s
- B;,$ B ir ka
mqiqkka s,a - -msb;d
mqKq$ksms,rameKq
eye;s
uka
u,a oñkauod - -u,a
wkx.hd
ud,dj,ska
ls ;
iqks,a = ,s h - lS¾;sks,;dj
- b;d ,ameye;s
Wr;=
uka uod r
- wkx.hd $ <ueo
- <me;a ;
ird
ls;= ,sh - -lSirid
¾;s ,;dj
uq;=,
Wr;= r;d
- uq
- <me;a;=j; e,a$ <ueo
uka
ird - -irid
is;a
k|d
uq;=,;d jk - uqi;=
- ;=jge,aq lrk
ñKs
uka fujq,a - -isuKs
;a fïL,dj ^mqrdKfha ia;S%ka Wl=f<ys me,¢
k|d jk - i;=gq lrk &
wdNrKhls
ñKs fujq,a
ila iem;a - -uKs
ila fïL,dj
foõ iem;$ foõf,dj
^mQrdKfha ia;S%ila foú
ka Wl= ùfï
f<ys iem;
me,¢
wdNrKhls&
ila iem;a - ila foõ iem;$ foõf,dj ila foú ùfï iem;

37
 wNHdi

my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

01' ta ta wjia:djg .e<fmk f,i úß; fjkia lsÍug l;=jrhd ;=< jQ m%;sNdj
.=;a;s, ldjHh jvd;a rij;a jkakg fya;= ù we;' WodyrK foñka meyeÈ,s
lrkak'

02' .=;a;s, cd;l l:dj ldjHhg keÕSfï § j¾;udk ir, jyr o ldjHuh
úh;a jyr o ukdj .<md .kakg lúhd iu;a ù we;s nj WodyrK foñka
meyeÈ,s lrkak'

03' ;udg ;ud wu;l jk ;rug u ùKd jdokh ñysß nj mejiSug l;=jrhd
ldjH ixl,amkd fhdod .;a wdldrh wmQre h' WodyrK foñka Wla; lshuk
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
04' ‘w¾:h ;Sj% jkafka Yíoh ta yd .e<fmk f,i wkq.; l< fyd;a muKs'’
.=;a;s, ldjHh fï i|yd fyd| u ksoiqkls' meyeÈ,s lrkak'

05' mfilska iquOqr ùKd kdohls' foõ,sfhda ukyr rx.khl fhfo;s' fï

isÿùï mdGlhd bÈßfha Ôjudk lrñka wjia:d ksrEmKh lsÍug l;=ysñhka
fhdod .;a ldfjHdala;s WodyrK foñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

06' ‘jE;a;Efõ ysñhkaf.a m%;sNdmQ¾K lú;ajh úoydmdk legm; .=;a;s, ldjHh

hs'’ WodyrK foñka idlÉPd lrkak'

07' ‘ùKd jdokfha ñysßhdj èjks;d¾:j;a jkafka wjg /ia jQjkaf.a iajNdjh
j¾Kkd lsÍfuks'’ WodyrK foñka fï lshuk ikd: lrkak'

08' ‘ilafoõ rcqf.a Wmldrfhka .=;a;s, .dkaO¾jhd ;u f.da,hd mrdch

lf<a h'’ wod< isÿùï WodyrK f,i f.k Tfí woyi meyeÈ,s lrkak'

38
 3 ydkd ySh mdkd w~yefrka oefka

lsis hï NdIdjla yd ne÷Kq idys;Hh ta ta NdIdj Ndú; lrk iudcfha iq,uq,
lshdmdhs' fmd;m; lsheùfuka ,;a YslaIKfhka hq;= jQ úh;a m`äjreka úiska
,shk ,o iïNdjH .Kfha idys;Hhl=;a" ckhd w;f¾ u we;s ù ckhd w;f¾ u
wdrËd ù" mej; tk ;j;a ck ldjH idys;Hhl=;a isxy, NdIdj yd ne£ mj;S'
YsIag iïmkak ñksidf.a yeÕSï yd Tjqkaf.a Èú fmfj; weiqfrka ks¾udKh jqKq
ck lúh b;d wE;g .sh b;sydihla we;a;ls'
wkqrdOmqr hq.fha ,shejqKq iq;a; ksmd;wÜG l:dj jk mru;a: fcda;sldfõ
tk mdGhl woyi fufia h' zuÕ winv fl;la rlskd isxy, ldka;djl cd;s"
crd" urK wdÈh ms<sn|j isxy, niska lS .Shla wid iÕ iegkula ry;a jQyZ
fuhska lshefjkafka ck lúh wkqrdOmqr iuh olajd .sh È.= b;sydihla we;s
idys;Hhla nj hs'

ñksia ika;dkh ;=< mj;sk ÿl" lk.dgqj" i;=g" l,lsÍu" ldkaish jeks yeÕSï
yd ne÷Kq ck lúh" tu Ndjhka m%ldYkh lsÍu i|yd ks;e;ska u ks¾udKh
jQjls' ta ksid u ld,fhka ld,hg" m%foaYfhka m%foaYhg ck lúfha fjkialï
±lsh yels h' fmd;am;aj, ,sheùug fmr fï ck lú mej;=fKa tajd Ndú; l<
ñksiqkaf.a u;lfha h' ck lúhg l;=jrfhla ke;' fï idys;Hdx.h ljrl=
úiska fyda ks¾udKh lrk ,ÿj" ld,hla ;siafia Ndú; ùfuka ck;djf.a fmdÿ
whs;shla njg m;ajQjls'

f.dhï lú" fk`Mï lú" l=rlalka lú" me,a lú yd lu;a lú jeks ck lú

lDIsl¾uh wdYs%; iS iEu" jemsÍu" me< fk¿u" f.dhï lemSu yd uevùu jeks
lghq;= yd ne¢Ks' úúO /lshdj, fhfokafkda ;u fjfyi ksjd .ekSu i|yd
m;,a lú" .e,a lú" nUr lú yd mdre lú .ehQy' fl<s fi,a,ï weiqfrka ,S
fl<s" T<s| fl<s" l< f.ä kegqï" TxÑ,s jdrï jeks lú ks¾udKh úh' ke<ú,s
.Sfhka ke<ù iekiqKq orejd WmfoaYd;aul lú wid Ôú;h yev.iajd .;af;a h'
wd.ñl úYajdi yd weoys,s .eñ ckhd w;r iq,n h' iajdNdúl úm;a" f.dú;eka
md¿ ùï yd jix.; wdÈh ksjdrKh lr .ekSu i|yd n,s f;dú,a yd Ydka;s
l¾uj, fhÿKq ckhd foúhka Wfoid mqomQcd meje;ajQy' tys § o fofjd,a uvq"
.ïuvq yd flda,auqr lú .dhkd l<y' úfkdaoh yd YDx.drh uqiq jqKq ck lú o
fjhs' fma%uh yd wdorh m%ldY lsÍug o ck lúh fhdod .;a wjia:d fndfyda h'
f;arú,s lú" úfõlh ±kqj;alñka yd úfkdaofhka .; lsÍu i|yd fhdod .;a
ck lú úfYaIhls'

39
 Ôú;fha § ú¢kakg isÿ jk wmuK ÿlaL fodaukiaihka" n,dfmdfrd;a;= lvùï"
wkfmalaIs; jHikhkag m;aùï jeks ÿlanr wjia:d o Wm;" rxlsß lg.Eu" .=re
f.or hdu" jeäúh meñKSu" újdyh yd urKh jeks Ôú;fha úúO wjia:d o ck
lúhg jia;= úIh úh'
isxy, ck lúh ;=< ±lsh yels úfYaI ,laIK lSmhls' tÈfkod Ôú;h yd ne÷Kq
isÿùï yd yeÕSï ck lúfha wka;¾.;h fõ' tfuka u ir, Wmud yd rEml
wdÈfhka rij;a ù we;' Ndj mQ¾K jd.aud,dj ck lúhdg iycfhka Wreu jQjls'

ck lúh úúO úß;aj,ska ri .ekafõ' ta ta ld¾hfha ßoauh yd ne÷Kq úß;

ck lúfha m%Odk ,laIKhls' ke<ú,s .S .efhkafka b;d u ,hdkaú; jQ kdo
ud,djlsks' Tre yd mdre meoùfï § f;dáhd fjfyi jk wdldrh ßoauhdkql+,j
mdre lúfha úß; yd nef|a' f.dhï lú yd fk`Mï lú" ta ta ld¾hhkaf.a rgdj
wkqj .efhhs' TxÑ,a,dj meoafok ;d,hg TxÑ,s jdrï lú .dhkd flf¾'

fmdÿ ckhd w;f¾ Ndú; jk ir, Ôjk rgdj yd ne÷Kq isxy, ck lúfha
úfYaIs; wx.hla jQ ‘±kuq;=lug lS lú’ fyj;a ‘Wmfoia §u i|yd lS lú’ .Kfha
,d ie,flk ck lú lSmhla fuys ±lafõ' fï Wmfoia lú iEu foaYhlg u
Tìk" iEu ld,hlg u .e<fmk tAjd h' ´kE u ;rd;srul" ´kE u jhil miq
jk flfkl=f.a Ôú;h yev .iajd .ekSug tAjdhska ,nd fok Wmfoia" Wmldr
fõ'

.ig flgqu .i uq, mEhqfuka ±fka

ñksyd fkdñksyd hk läifrka ±fka
wuq;= n;a §u w; we,a¨fuka ±fka
ydkd ySh mdkd w~yefrka ±fka

kysk foysk ldf,g mska flreu hq;

jysk l,g l+ßka ú,aj,ska t;
nysk Èfhka foda;la uq;a .f;d;a we;
mksk ß,jqxg bksux lula ke;

jro fmfkk ;rug jerÿKd fkdfõ

jro we;;a kslrefK jev l<d fkdfõ
jro fmfk;s jev kQ.;a whg f,dfõ
jro ke;s flfkla ke; ilsh fï f,dfõ

f.dve,af,a ;ru ±kf.k <s| lmkq

fnd/,af,a ;ru ±kf.k Wv mkskq
lvq,af,a ;ru ±kf.k lo n¢kq
;uqkaf.a ;ru ±kf.k l,a yßkq
40
 wei ke;s od fmd; .;af;a lshkag o
o; ke;s od Wla o~q .sks ;mskag o
fjr ke;s od .y.;af;a Èkakg o
hqo we;s od ke;s l. fldia fldgkag o

tla Wk odg Wla oKafâ me‚ fiaud

fjka Wk odg hla fonf¾ jo fiaud
f.diska f.diska lgq w;af;a w. fiaud
b;ska <f|a lßú, ;síngq fiaud

rka úufka isá uq;a ÿl ke;s fjoao

me‚ ófha lE uq;a nv .sks keoao
ñ‚ nr‚ka ieÿ uq;a .; fkdÈroao
me‚jrld .ig;a fyK fkdjÈoao

w÷re lrejf,a m÷rg uqjd fj,d

úÿ,s t<sh ±l .sksyq< Èfha fy,d
wkqka ,shka ±l ;u ,shg ;, ;,d
ÿjk uqjka ±l fkdouka fk¿j m,d

wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu
läifrka - .ufka iajrEmfhka
w`vyefrka -
läifrka - .ufka
iS idk ia.jhd Èßu;a lsÍug k.k Yíoh
jrEmfhka
lula ke; -
w`vyefrka - iS jevla
idkke;$
.jhd m%Èßu;a
fhdackhla
lsÍugke;
k.k Yíoh
ils h - hy¿fõ $ ñ;= f ¾
lula ke; - jevla ke;$m%fhdackhla ke;
f.dve,a
ils h -, - hy¿fõ$ñ;=
Wia f.dvìïf¾lv
fnd/,a,, -
f.dve,a - Wia.,a f.dvìï
fndr¿j lv
l. - lvq
fnd/,a, - .,a fndr¿ j
hla -
l. fonf¾ - ìu
lvqjidok fonrhla ^tys jik fonreka fndfyda úI
hla fonf¾ - ìuiys
; njfonrhla
idok .eñ ckhdf.a úYajfonreka
^tys jik dihhs'& fndfyda úI
.sks yq< - iys
.uk ìufka
; nj .eñ§ckhdf.a
wdf,dalhúYa
,nd .ekS'&u i|yd fmd,a w;="
jdihhs
.sks yq< - .uk
ykiq wdÈfhka
ìufka ;kdl.ka
§ wdf,da kd mka
h ,nd ou$
.ekS yq¿ w;a
u i|yd ; w;="
fmd,a
ykiq wdÈfhka ;kd .kakd mkaou$yq¿ w;a;

41
 wNHdi

my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,shkak'

01' WodyrK f.kyer mdñka wmQre wdldrhlg Wmfoia fokakg ck lúhd

;=< jQ yelshdj mµ mka;sh weiqfrka úuikak'

02' hym;a Ôú;hla i|yd ck lúfhka ,o yels wdNdih WodyrK foñka

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

03' ck lúhd ;u ks¾udKh rij;a lsÍfuys ,d ldjHd,xldr fhdod f.k

we;s wdldrh WodyrK u.ska myokak'

04' ck lúfha ±lsh yels iqúfYaI ,laIK" Wmfoia lú ;=< o ±lsh yels h'
WodyrK foñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

05' ‘wjjdo wkqYdikd §fï § lúhd b;d ixhufhka tu ld¾hh bgq lrkakg
j. n,d .ks’ fï m%ldYhg Tn tlÕ jkafka ±’hs fya;= iys;j úia;r
lrkak'

42
 4 neoafoa.u
f,kdâ jq,a*a ^1880 - 1969&

isxy, ck Ôú;h .ek bx.S%is NdIdfjka ,shejqKq

Village in the Jungle kï iqúfYaI kjl;dfõ l;=jrhd
f,kdâ jq,a*a uy;d h'

1880 j¾Ifha fkdjeïn¾ ui 25 jeks Èk ,kavkfha

flkaisgka ^Kensington) kqjr" orejka oi fokl=f.ka
hq;= mjq,l ;=kajekshdj f,kdâ isâks jq,a*a orejd
Wm; ,eî h' ,kavkays Ydka; mdjq¨ úµd,h" flaïì%Êys
á%ksá úµd,h hk úµd,j,ska uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,o
Tyq 1902 j¾Ifha § Wmdêh ysñ lr .;af;a h' 1904
Tlaf;dan¾ ui ,xldjg meñKs jq,a*a uy;d uq,ska u
hdmkh m%foaYfha isú,a ks,Odßhl= f,i ish rdcldßh
wdrïN lf<a h' wk;=rej kqjr m%foaYfha o rdcldß
l< t;=ud 1908 § wdKavqfõ iyldr tacka;jrhd f,i ol=Kq m<df;a rdcldß
Ndr .;af;a h' jq,a*a uy;df.a md,k Èia;s%lalh jQfha yïnkaf;dg hs' ;u fiajd
ld,h ;=< § ,;a woa±lSï /ila fmdÈ ne| f.k 1911 § t;=ud kej; tx.,ka;hg
.sfha h' 1912 § ‘weâ,ska j¾ðkshd iafg*ka’ ^Adline Virginia Stephen) fufkúh
iu. újdy úh' jq,a*a uy;d ,xldfõ § ;ud ,;a w;a±lSï mdol lr f.k 1913 §
wmQre kjl;djla ,sõfõ h' ta ‘úf,aÊ bka o cx.,a’ ^Village in the Jungle) kï
lD;sh hs'

1960 § kej; YS% ,xldjg meñKs jq,a*a uy;d furg jeishka úiska WKqiqï
f,i ms<s.kq ,eîu;a Tjqkag t;rï ld,hla ;ud .ek u;l ;sîu;a ms<sn`oj
mqÿuhg m;a jk nj mjid we;' Tyq 1969 wf.daia;= ui 14 jeks Èk tx.,ka;fha
‘frdâfu,ays’ § ^Rodmell) fuf,dúka iuq .;af;a h' ‘Monk's house’ kï ia:dkfha
t;=ud fjkqfjka ;ekqKq f,dalv iaudrlh fjhs'

f,kdâ jq,a*a uy;dg yïnkaf;dg m%foaYfha Ôj;a fjñka tys úiQ .eñhdf.a is;=ï
me;=ï yd p¾hd rgdj ukd j wOHhkh lr we;' ÿmam;a wysxil wirK .eñhdf.a
ÿ#Å; Ndjh yd l+fgdaml%uj,g yiq ù l%ufhka úkdY jk Tjqkaf.a Ôú; is,s÷ yd
Tyqf.a mjq, weiqfrka m%;sks¾udKh lrkakg .;a W;aidyhla f,i Village in the
Jungle lD;sh ye¢kaúh yels h' jfrl iqkaorj Èia jk uy jkh ksrka;rfhka u
ìhlre nj u /f|k wuq;= u ;ekla f,i tu kjl;dfjka fy<sorõ flf¾'
43
 fuu kjl;dj ‘neoafoa.u’ kñka isxy,hg wkqj¾;kh lf<a" m%ùK .;a l;=jrhl= jQ
ta' mS' .=Kr;ak uy;d h' uq,a lD;sfhys Ôjh r`ojd .kakg iu;a ùu ksid wmg
‘neoafoa.u’ fnfyúka ióm f,i riú¢kakg yelshdj ,eî ;sfí'

‘neoafoa.u’ jeks jQ jk.; mßirh miqìï lr .;a ;j;a l;d /ila isxy,hg
k.d isxy, mdGlhd w;r ckms%h jQ .==Kr;ak uy;d" pQ fpx tka úiska rÑ;
'The Monkey' kue;s .%ka:h ‘jdkrhd’ kñka o wd¾' t,a' iamsÜ,a úiska rÑ; 'Savage
Sanctuary' kï .%ka:h zjk irKZ kñka o" 'Vanished Trails' kue;s .%ka:h ‘uelS
.sh ovux’ kñka o ‘Where the white Sambhur roams’ .%ka:h ‘iqÿ f.dakd’ kñka
o mßj¾;kh lf<a h'

is,s÷ ish fidfydhqßh jk l¾,skdydñ o yskaksydñ" mqxÑueKsld hk ÈhKshka o

iu. neoafoa.u kue;s .fuys fjfik ovhlalrefjls' tla ÈhKshl jk yskk a y
s dñ"
.ïuqkf a .a ñ:Hd úYajdihla fya;f= jka urKhg f.dÿre jk w;r mqxÑueKsld .fï
wdrÉÑf.a uiaik s d jk nnqka iu. újdy fjhs' tu újdyhg wdrÉÑf.a mjqf,a
wh úreoaO fj;s' ta w;r;=r .ug tk m%kdkaÿ kue;s fjf<kaod" mqxÑueKsld ish
jiÕhg .ekSug W;aidy lrhs' ish m%h;akh wid¾:l jQ ;ek wdrÉÑ iu. tlaj
nnqka fndre kvqjl mg,jd isr f.hg heùug Tyq lghq;= lrhs' fï ish,af,ka
lïmkhg m;a jk is,÷ s " wdrÉÑg iy m%kdkaÿ uqo,d,sg fjä ;nd >d;kh lr
uq,d±kSkg a Ndr fjhs' tys § Tyqg Ôú;dka;h olajd isr o~qjï kshu fjhs' fuys
we;=<;a jk kufjks mßÉfþoh neoafoa.u kjl;dfõ B<Õ wÈhr hs'

neoafoa.u
kjfjks mßÉfþoh
.fï meje;ajqK ufyia;%d;a úNd.fha È mqxÑue‚ld o" tys isá kuq;a fmd,sia
Nghd iu. hoa§ l;d l<dg miq is,s÷ yd l;d lsÍug wjirhla wEg fkd ,eì‚'
ufyia;%d;a;=ud;a Èid uy;auhd;a isrlrejd;a miqj od ysñÈßfha u lUqremsáh n,d
msg;a j f.dia isá fyhska mqxÑue‚ld yd .ïuq wjÈ jk úg neoafoa.u mqreÿ ksÈnr
WodiSk iajNdjh u biq¿jd h' is,s÷f.a wKg lSlrej mq¿jka Wml%uhlska nnqka
wdmiq tk;=re l¾,skdydñ;a iu. f.or n,d isákjd úkd mqxÑue‚ld úiska l<
yels wka lsisjla fkd ù h' nnqka isr f.g kshu ùu;a wef.a mshd wEg ke;s ùu;a"
mshdf.a brKu ms<sn|j wef.a isf;a mej;s ìh;a ks;r wef.a ÿl yd fodïki o
ÈhqKq flf<a h' ;udf.a wkd.;h ms<sn| ìhla o wE ;=< mek ke. tkag jks' Ôj;a
jk l%uhla" Bg ms<sfj< fhdod .ekSfï Wml%uhla wEg is;d .ekSu mjd W.yg
jQjls' nnqka wdmiq .ug meñfKk ;=re udi yhla .; lrkafka flfia o hkak
kshu jYfhka wEg is;d .; fkd yels úh' mqxÑue‚ldg yd l¾,skdydñg;a fõ,la
44
wer fõ,la ld udi yhla .; lr .ekSug iEfyk ;rï OdkHhla j;a f.hs b;sß
ù fkd ;snqfKa h' ;ud bÈßfhys ueù ;=nqK Nh ckl wúksYaÑ; w÷re wkd.;h
úiska wE fkd ikaiqka njg m;a lrk ,oa§ h' fuh wEg we;s jQ ;j;a wuq;= ìhls'
fujeks lreKq lSmhlska ìhg m;a jQ mqxÑue‚ld ojfika jeä ld,hla .; lf<a
fï ìhlre is;sú,sj, meg,S f.hs msf,a ys| kslgg w; ;nd.;a .uka h' l=vd l,
is,s÷ lS jkfhys ux uq<d jQ ovhlaldrhskaf.a l;d wEg isys úh' Tjqka tod ìhjkag
we;af;a o wo ;udg we;s ù ;sfnk ìh jeks ìhlskehs wEg is;sK' tod Tjqka fuka
wo ;ud o uy jk ueo ;ks ù isák nj;a tod Tjqkag fuka u wo ;udg o u. jer§
;sfnk ieá;a wE ÿgqjd h' tfyhska oeka wEg o fldhs u.l .sh;a tl h'
oeka l¾,skdydñf.a jhi wjqreÿ mKyla muK fjhs' le,Eno .ul .eyekshlg
úfYaIfhka jekaoUq .eyekshlg- wjqreÿ mKy f,dl= jhils' Ôú;fha wjidk
Nd.lg fndfyda <x jQ jhils' wõj yd iq<Õ;a fjfyi;a nv.skak;a f,v ÿl;a
YÍr Yla;sh fuka u udkisl Yla;sh o Wrd fndhs' wef.a iu weghg we,S /,s jeà
.sfha h' <eu úhe<S f.disk' fï .ïj, .eyekshla wjqreÿ ;sy y;<sy jk úg;a
ueye,a,ls' fuys lsisu ñksfyla fyda .eyekshla fyda mrudhqI je<£fuys iu;a
fkd fõ' l¾,skdydñf.a jhi wiQjg jvd wkQjg lsÜgq o lsh lshd fyda wkQjg jvd
ishhg lsÜgq o lshd fyda lSu W.yg ù h' wE t;rï uy¨ h' le,E Ôú;fhys ,l=Kq
wef.a YÍrfhys we£ ;snqfKa h' ksß; È. ;o iq<Õg weUrù wegqjka neyS .sh .yla
fuka wef.a YÍrh o keó weUÍ ;sìK' uqyqfKa;a isyskaj .sh w;amdj,;a iu .il
fmd;a;la fuka f.dryeäj /,s jeà weghg we,S .sfha h' l=Uqla jeks .iaj, msg
fmd;a; ;ekska ;ek b.s,S iqÿj hkakdla fuka wef.a ifï o ;ekska ;ek ÿUqrejka
iqÿ mq,a,s ke.S ;sìK' lïuq,aj, ui Èh ù iu wels<S f.disks' o;a ke;s lg we;=<g
jeÿKq fof;d, kdihg háka fmkqfKa fl<j,ska f;uqKq f¾Ldjla f,isks'
wm%d‚l mg, iys; fofk; /,s jegqK k<,a ;,hg háka ish .Kka /,s w;r
.s,S ;sìK' fofk; wkaOj fkd ;snqK kuq;a fmkSula ke;s fia th ue, ù f.disks'
is; ue, ù hdu ksid h' YÍrhg fmr is; ke;s ù hdu idudkHfhka le,Eno
.ïj, .eyekqka w;r nyq,j olskakg ,efnk O¾u;djls' tAldldr Ôú;h;a" ±ä
WKqiqï jd;h iu. fl<jrla ke;s .iq;a" fl<jrla ke;s lïlfgd¨;a yuqfõ
Tjqkaf.a fÉ;kd Yla;sh;a" l,amkd Yla;sh;a" fõokd Yla;sh;a ú,Sk j ñh hkafka
h' fuh isÿjkafka" fyd| foaY.=Khka we;s rgl msßñka msßmqka jQ o .Ekqka orejka
Wiq,kakd jQ o jhil h' msßñ fï wjia:dfõ isáh § mjd fyakaj, l=vd le,h
t<s lr §u" OdkH jemsÍu jeks jevg Woõjg h;s' tfy;a Tjqka tA jev lrkafka
wdidjlska fyda isyshlska fkd fõ' .j uysid§ka fyda hka;%iQ;%dÈhla l%shd lrkakdla
fyda fuks' Tjqyq tjeks lghq;a;l fh§ isg th wjika j wdmiq f.or wd úg ñÿ,g
ù w÷re fofk;a úoyd ysia ne,afuka n,d .;a w; n,d f.k w;la mhla fkd
fid,ajd meh .Kka tl ;eklg ù ys¢;s' fï w;r Tjqka mj;ajk tl u bßhõj
kï isyska È. w;la n| jg hjd j÷rl= fuka msg leiSula muKls' .eyekq o l<
/f.k Èh f.k tAug uv iys; Èh j<j,a lrd h;s' f.j, wdydr msi fo;s' fl<ska
láka isákakg mq¿jkalu ;sfnk ;=re Tjqyq ;ukaf.a fldgi bgq l< hq;a;dyq h'
45
 ks;r mdfya ;udg u hï foa fld÷rd .kakd Tjqyq lEu l;s" ksod .sks;s' lsisjl=
iu. l;d fkd lr;s' tfia u wka yeu fokd o Wka yd l;d fkd lr;s' Wka Ôj;a
jkqfha fõokdj mjd fyd|yeá fkd oefkk Ôú;fha ikaOHd fiahdfõ h'

l¾,skdydñ o fï ikaOHd fiahdjg blaukska jeà .;a;S h' jkfhys jeãu;a

msßySu;a tlfia fõ.j;a h' is,s÷g yd nnqkag;a úreoaOj kvq úNd.h fyda wdrÉÑ;a
m%kdkaÿ;a ueÍu fyda is,s÷f.a ke;s ùu fyda t;rï wef.a ie,ls,a,g Ndck fkd ù
h' úm;a;s .Kkdjla u isÿ ù.k hk nj isyskhlska fuka wEg fmkS .sh kuq;a"
lreKq jYfhka tAjd i,ld .ekSug wef.a mg, iys; fud<h Yla;su;a jQfha ke;s'
wE flf<a ;udg u f;d,a u;=rd .ksñka isß;a mßÈ-bùï msiSïj,g jefjka Èh
f.kjq;a §u h' wE mqxÑue‚ld iu. l;d fkdl<d h' wE yd l;d lsÍu fyda hï
hï foa wef.ka úpdÍu ksIAM, jevla nj fyd| yeá oek.;a mqxÑue‚ld o l¾,skd
iu. lsisjla fkd fovqjd h'
is,s÷ urŒh oKavkhg m;a lsÍfuka udihlg miq m<uq mej;s iajdNdúl ;;a;ajhg
.u meñ‚ nj neÆ ne,aug fmksK' we;a; jYfhka tys we;s j ;=nqfKa f,dl= u
fjkils' th l=vd .uls-l%ufhka msßyS f.dia wjáka f;rmd f.k tk uy neoaog
n;a ù hk jk.; l=vd .ïj,ska tlls' tl myrlg tl ojilska tys ;=nqKq
f.j,a yfhka tlla ke;s úh' úismia fofkla jQ msßfika y;a fofkla u ke;s
jQy' wdrÉÑrd<f.a urKfhka miqj wdrÉÑ ydñfka-kekafpdydñ-.u yer hkag
;SrKh lr .;a;d h' fyaka jev lsÍug ;rï fkd jevqKq orejka iu. ;j bÈßhg;a
neoafoa.u jdih lsÍug wEg ms<sirKhla ke;' wdrÉÑf.a kEoEhka mÈxÑ j bkakd
fldgf.dv kï fyd|g ù l=Uqre yd fmd,a j;= we;s" wjqreÿ m;d fyd| yeá jeiai
mj;sk iemj;a .uls' ;udg fldgf.dv kEoEhkaf.ka bvï lE,a,la ,nd .; yels
nj;a tys§ ¥ orejkag ysr yso,ka .ekSu jvd fyd¢ka lr .; yels nj;a wE oek
isáhd h' wdrÉÑ udhshd yeu Þu;a lSfõ fï .u lsis l,l lsis flfkl=g j.;=jla
fkdjk idm ,;a .ula nj h' wE fldarf<a uy;auhdf.ka ;djld,slj b,a,d .;a
lr;a;hl ;ud i;= nvq uqÜgq ál;a mgjd f.k <ud <mákq;a legqj fldgf.dv
n,d msg;a jQjd h' wdrÉÑf.a f.hs jdih lrkag flkl= fkdjQfhka th le,hg
weßK' wm, f.k fok wiqn ksñ;s we;af;a hhs o wj;dr wäfldavj,ska msrefKa
hhs o m%isoaOj .sh fï f.hs jdihg tAug ;rï ieyeis jQ lsisfjla .fï fkd jQy'
fï f.h jkhg úreoaOj È. igkl fh§ isák fia fmksK' uq,ska u jeg woaor
l=vd .ia yd m÷re >kj jeã jeg hg lr .;af;a h' fojkq j w¿ meye;s fld< yd
oï meye;s u,a we;s jrd m÷re yd udkd m÷re o" È. ;shqKq lgq we;s mf;dla m÷re
o jeg woaoßka ßx.d wjq;a ñÿ,g;a f.hs ì;a;sj,g yd fodrlvg;a <x úh' wdrÉÑ
f.or ì;a;s iod ;snqfKa .fï wksla f.j, ì;a;sj,g jvd .klug;a Yla;shg;a
h' Bidk È.ska tk ;o iq<Õg .id f.k hkag fmd,a w;= tys fkd ù h' jy<g W¿
fiú,s lr ;snqK fyhsks' Bidk È. iq<Õ yd jeiai o wjqreÿ folla ;siafia W;aidy
fldg;a f.hs ueá ì;a;sj, iúh uev,kakg iu;a fkd ù h' ì;a;sj, ;ekska ;ek
ueá weo jeàfuka jßÉÑ fldagq f;;a iq<Õg wiqùu ksid bka uq,a weo o¨ ,sh,d
46
ßls,s ,d jefvkakg jk' l=re,a,ka f.kjq;a oeuqjd jQ o iq<Õska .id.k wdjd jQ o
weg ksid f.hs jyf,a W¿ w;r f,dl= l=vd m÷re yefokakg mgka .;s' f,dl= o¿la
m÷rla jy, u; jeà W¿ tyd fuyd lrñka uq,a weÿfKa h' ì;a;s w;r le,h jeã
f.h Tnd .;af;ka ì;a;s ì| jeà jy, ìug md;a úh' l=vd r;= W¿ f.dv ;K yd
j,a m÷rej,ska jid .;af;a h' ì;a;sj, jßÉÑ fldagq úYd, m÷re njg jevqfKa h'
f,dl= .ia o u;=jkag mgka .;s' ;=ka fjks jeiai wjidkfha § uq¿ j;af;a;a f.hs;a
le,fha;a fjkila fkdmE h'
wdrÉÑf.a f.h le,hg hdu le,h .u ueog lvd mekSula fuka ù' óg fmr
le,hg yerefKa .fï tA fï fl<jrj, ;=nqK f.j,a jQ fyhska .u le,h ueog
ßx.d tAula thska jQfha ke;s' jQfha álska ál .ug yd;amiska .u l=vd ùu muKls'
tfy;a wdrÉÑf.a f.org le,h lvd je§fuka jQfha .u follg fn§ hdu h'
is,s÷f.a yd nia;shka wmamqf.a o f.j,a fol .fï wksla f.j,ska fjka jQ nj ÿgq
.ïuq ;uka Ôj;a jkafka úkdY fõ.k hk .ul nj f;areï .;ay' fï kekafpdydñ
l,a ;shd lSjls' zfï .u oeka fyd,auka wäfldav msreKq hl=ka wrla .;a ld,lKaks
.uls' <uhska yd uy,a,ka o keiS hkakdla fuka .u;a oeka keiS hhs' tys ±ka <uhs
kQmÈ;a' wjqreÿ oyhlska uq¿ .u u w,skag hkjdg lsis u ielhla ke;Z hkq wef.a
yeÕSu ù h'
flfia jqj;a" .u úkdY uqLfhys h hk yeÕSu .ug;a .ïuqkag;a oekqfKa b;d
fyñks" álska ál h' uq,ska u" ñkS ueÍï kvq úNd. l,n, u. yeÍ .sh úg .u
kej;;a fmr mqreÿ ;;a;ajhg jegqKd fia fmkS .sfha h' fjord< .fï wdrÉÑ
yeáhg m;alr .kakd ,§' mqxÑue‚ld" nnqka tk;=re u. n,d isáhd h' .; jk
ojia .Kk wEg .Kka .; fkd yels úh' wE tA .ek W;aidyhla o fkd l<d h'
i;shla wEg .Kkla muKls' yh udihla udi .Kkls' tfy;a ld,h f.ù hk
ieá n,ñka wE isáfha nnqka tkafka ljod oe hs fmru. n,d f.k h' is,s÷ t,a,d
urkq fkd ,enQ nj;a tA fjkqjg Ôú;dka;h olajd nkaOkd.drhg kshu l< nj;a
fï w;r wEg wikag ,enq‚' tfy;a bka wEg iekis,a,la fkd ie,iqfKa h' wef.a
Ôú;fhka is,s÷ iyuq,ska u fjka ù f.disks' ;j;a Tyqf.a oelSula o n,dfmdfrd;a;=
úh fkd yels h' tfyhska Tyq u<;a isr f.or Ôú;dka;h olajd isáh;a wEg tys
wuq;a;la ke;'
mqxÑue‚ld udihla mdid nnqkaf.a Bu n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isáhd h' fkd lv
n,dfmdfrd;a;=j ksid wE ;=< ;=nqK ìh l%ufhka ;=kS j hkag jk' ;udf.a;a
l¾,skdydñf.a;a Ôj;a ùu i|yd wE úiska fndfyda jev o l< hq;= úh' ìiafia
;=nqK l=rlalka ál blaukska u bjrj .sh fyhska lE yels fld< j¾. w,
j¾. yd m,;=re o fiùug wE jkhg .shd h' fyaka jdrhg wkqkaf.a fyakaj,
nia;shka wmamqf.a" nd,mamqf.a yd mqxÑrd<f.a fyakaj, mjd wE jev l<d h' mska ;ld
wehg ÿka l=rlalka wyqre lSmhlg wE fndfyda fjfyi ù jev l< hq;= jQjd h'
mqxÑue‚ldf.a l,n, ke;s .;sh;a" idka; nj yd hg;a my;a .;sh;a ksid ljqre;a
wE m%sh l< y' mqxÑrd< mjd lSfõ ‘mqxÑue‚ld uqje;a;shla jdf. hs’ lshd h' msiaiq
47
 jeoaod fldáfhle hs lshkakg mqreÿ ù isá .ïuq mqxÑue‚ld .ek lSfõ" fldáhf.
meáhd uqfjla fj,d lshd h'
l%ufhka udi .Kkla .; ù .shdg miq mqxÑue‚ld oji mgka .kakg mqreÿ jQfha
wo nnqka f.or ths hk n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjks' B<Õg nnqka fkd meñŒ u oji f.ù
.sh nj ÿgq wE ienúka u udi yhla .; jQfha oe hs ±k .kag W;aidy l<d h' wksla
.ïuqkaf.ka wE tA .ek úuiQ úg Wkaf.ka iuyr flfkla nnqka isrhg f.dia
mia udihle hs lSy' ;j;a iuyr flfkla y;a udihle hs o lSy' tlsfkld iu.
l,y lrñka lE flda .iñka udi .Kk yßhg ;SrKh lr .ekSug ish,af,da u
W;aidy l<y' nnqka ysrhg .sfha isxy, wjqreoaog udi follg fmr h hs lS l,
udi follg fkd j tl udihlg fmrh hs wksflla lSh' ‘udfilg l,ska fjkav
nE-fudlo" ;j keye fyaka lemqfj" jemqrejd ú;rlafk oeka' kE" kE" kE" ;=ka
udfilg l,ska fjkav ´kE' fudavhd ;=kaudihla@ fudlo l=rlalka wkQ od ù
jf.a o@ fudavhd@ ljqo okafka kE fudavhd"’ ‘lg jymkaæ lg jymkaæ fldfydug;a
nnqka .sfha wjqreoaog biair fj,d' wjqreoao myqfj,;a oeka udi yhla fjkjd’ ‘uf.a
fyak jmqr,d oeka yßhg udih hs' ljqre;a wy,d ;sfhkj o wjqreoao myqfj,d udi
myla .syska fyakla jmqrk njla@ wjqreÿ myqfj,d ;j udi ;=klg jeäfh keye'’
mqxÑue‚ld fï nyq l;dj,g lka § meh .Kka isg yekaoEjg lUqremsáh foig
jeà we;s mdr Èf.a álla ÿr hhs' wE tfia hkafka u. § nnqka yuq fõ h hk iaÒr
n,dfmdfrd;a;=j we;sj h' is,s÷ lSjdla fuka nnqkaf.a meñŒfuka miq ish¨ u
lror bjr ù Tlafldu fyd| fjhs hk n,dfmdfrd;a;=j we;sj h' tfy;a nnqka
fkd meñŒ u ojia .;jkag .;jkag wef.a úYajdih;a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j;a fooreï
lEfõ h' wkd.;h ms<sn| ìfhka wE ;e;s .eksK' yh udih kshu jYfhka u .;
ù .sfha hhs yeu fokd u ms<s.kakd oji t<ôfha h' tfy;a nnqka kï meñ‚fha
ke;' Tyqg lsishï úm;la isoaofjkag we;s' nd.fj,djg wikSm fjkag;a mq¿jks'
ke;a;ï ysr f.or uq,doEkskag Tyq u;l ke;s fj,d fjkag mq¿jks' ysr f.or .shd
u ñksyl=g fudkjd fjkjd o lshkav neye" hkdÈh tl tldf.a láka lshfjkag
mgka .;s'
wka;sug wE úuiqfha w¨;a uq,doekshd jQ mqxÑrd< fjord<f.ks' zñksyd wkqudkhla
kE uefrkav we;sZhs Tyq lSh'
mqxÑue‚ldf.a yo fooreï lEfõ h' wE ;udf.a f,dl= weia fol" fjord<f.a
uqyqKg fy¿E .uka fkd ie,S isáhd h' zTõZ ux ys;kjd ñksyd ueß,d hs lsh,'
ysr f.org hk ñksiaiq Wka ysá yeáfh uefrkjd' jeäfhu;a Th nnqka jf.a yhs
y;a;sh we;s ñksiaiq' f,vg fí;a fldÉpr ;snqK;a lrefug fí;a ;sfhkjd he@
ñksiaiq ysr f.or Wkak ysáh yeáfh uq,a,lg .syska jefgkjd; uefrkjd' ±ka
WUg lrkav fohla kE' lrefug fokav fí;a kE' WU fï .fï bkak ljqre yß
lido ne|.kska' b<kaodßfhla ke;akï kdlsfhla jqK;a fudlla o we;s je/oao@
lido ne| .kska' .x bjqfr w,s weg kß wÈkjd lsh,d wks;a w,s .fÕa kdkafka
ke;=j wßkjd o@Z
48
‘rd<ydñ" we;a;g u fï .ek fudl=;a wdrxÑhla okakjd o@ thd u< hs lsh,d oek.kav
,enqK o@
‘ux wymq wdrxÑhla keye' ldf.ka o wdrxÑ wykafka@ WUg wdrxÑhla oek .kav
´kE kï tAlg hkav ´kE ysr f.org' ojia .dkla ;siafia hkav ;sfhkjd' biair
fj,d lUqremsáhg .syska Bg miafia niakd br me;a;g hkav ´kE ;x.,a,g hk
uy mdr Èf.a' ysr f.oßka wymqjdu" WUg oek .kav mq¿jka fjhs'’
mqxÑue‚ld ksYaYíoj u fjord<f.a f.hska fiñka fodrg nei f.or .shd h' isr
f.org f.dia nnqka .ek úuikakg o wE is;d .;a;d h' kka fkd okakd rglg
;ksj hdu .ek isf;k úg mjd wE ;=< ìh Wmka kuq;a fï ielh ysfia ;nd f.k
.fï Ôj;aùu wudre ldrKhla jQ fyhska flfia kuq;a ;x.,a,g f.diska tkag u
wêIaGdk lr .;a;d h' ms<sfh, lr.;a l=rlalka frdá lSmhl=;a .uk .ek weiQ
.ïuqkaf.ka ,enqK ;j;a OdkH weg áll=;a f,akaiqjl T;d f.k wE lUqremsáh
n,d msg;a jQjd h'
lUqremsáh olajd jQ .ufka uq,a fldgfia u. wEg fyd| yeá mqreÿ h' .fï wks;a
.eyekqkag fuka wEg le,h ueo ;ksj hkag ìhla fkd oeksK' wEg .ufka lrorh
fmkqfKa ;x.,a, olajd ngysrg jeà we;s uy mdrg jegqK miqj h' iqÿ ¥ú,s iys;
fl<ska Èfjk uy mdf¾ § wEg Nhdkl úÈfha ;kslula oeksK' ¨Kq fyda ù fyda
megjQ uy nr lr;a; fkd lvjd u. È.g yuqjkakg úh' lr;a;ldrhka krl
ñksiqka nj wE ms<sf.k isáhd h' Tjqka ms<sn|j .ïnoj flfrk oreKq l;djka
wE fyd|g wid mqreÿ h' tfyhska mdf¾ Ôú;h .ek wE fndfyda fihska ìh jQjd
h' ksYap, le,hl ;ksj Ôj;aùu wEg uy ldßhla fkd fõ' wE le,h okS' wE
le,hg whs;s h' tfy;a mdf¾ fkd lvjd wefok ñksiqka fm< kd÷kk uqyqKq"
mÍlaIKd;aul wuq;= ú,dihlska ;ud foi weis msh fkd fy<d laIKhlska n,d
isg" laIKhlska ;ud miq fldg hk weia" wE fï bkafka fld;rï ;ks f,dalhl
o hk yeÕSu wE flfrys we;s lr ù h' ckdlS¾K iuyr .ï ueÈka ìhm;a isj,a
fokl fuka ìfhka we,<S wels<S hk úg wef.a fï ;kslu wEg ±kqfKa jvd;a
n,j;a f,isks' .ïno lv wi, tl;= ù isák msßia" <sx <Õ tl;= ù ´md¥m l;d
lrk .eyekq u. hk tk ñksiaiq hk ish,af,da u úuiqï iys;j wE foi neÆy'
úYd, .Kkla uqyqKq w;r ;ud w÷kk tl o uqyqKla fkd fmksK' lvhlg fyda
f.me,lg fyda <xj rd;%sfha ksod .kag bv fokafka oe hs flfkl= f.ka weiSug
wE ;=< ffOhœhla fkd ù h' ? fnda ù nv .skak;a f;fyÜgqj;a jeä jk úg u.
wi, l=vd ,eyenlg ßx.d ksod .ekSu uekeje hs wE is;d .;s'
mqxÑue‚ld" ;x.,a,g meñfKkag fmr wEg fndfyda fjfyi o nv.sks o oeksK'
k.rfha oe,la fuka tA fï w; jeà ;snqK mgq mdrj,a wef.a N%dka;sh ÈhqKq le/ù h'
wka;sfï § fj<|dïm<g wjq;a jefgk ;=re wE k.rfha tA fï w; weúoaod h' ta
fj<|dïm< wereK ojils' ydrishhla" mkaishhla muK jQ msßi mgq N+ñ Nd.fha
leá ù isáhy' t<j¿" m,;=re" OdkH j¾." frÈ ms<s" ye<s j<ka wdÈ fkdfhla

49
 nvqj,ska fj<|fmd< msÍ ;sì‚' yeu fofkla u tlg l;d l<y; tlg lE .eiQy'
w;a md ieÆy' fj<|dïmf<a Yíoh mqxÑue‚ldf.a ìh ÈhqKq flf<a h' tfyhska tA
;ekska jyd m,d f.dia fjk mgq mdrlg jeà thska k.rfha ueo yßfhka ke.=K
l÷ md uq,lg meñ‚hd h' tys fomi f.j,a fkd ;snqK kuq;a lkao uqÿfka úYd,
f.dvke.s,a,la fmksK' tys ñksiaiq fkd isáh y' uy¨ ñksfyla muKla l÷
nEjqfï ys| f.k ., u; úh<s ;K m;a W,ñka isá flÜgq t<fokqka mia fokl=
foi n,d f.k isáfha h'
f>daId iys; l,n, ùÈj,ska ;e;s f.k isá mqxÑue‚ld ck Y+kH ksYap,
ia:dkhlg meñŒu .ek wdkkaÈ;j tys wek ;shd ys| .;a;d h' tys isá
t<fokqka f.ka tflla b| ysg lysk Yíoh;a fj<|dïm< me;af;ka hka;ug
wefik ñksia lg y~;a yer fjk lsisu Yíohla tys fkd ùh' ;ud bÈßfha
;snqK úYd, iqÿ f.dvke.s,a, foi ysi Tijd wE ne¨jd h' ì;a;sj,g ysre t<sh
jeàfuka th §ma;su;a j nene<s‚' nnqka isák ysr f.h fuh úh yels oehs wE
iel l<d h' yduf;a isák t< fokqka mia fokd w;r ys| f.k jqka uy,a,d o
wEg fmfka' Tyq oelSfuka wEg isys jQfha is,s÷ h' Tyq tys fkd ie,S ys| f.k
l÷ mduq, fmd,a .ia foi fk;a fy<d .;a jk u yqkafka h' /l n,d f.k isá
t<fokqkaf.a fuka u Tyqf.a o úh<S wels<S .sh iug háka msysá b< fldagq .Kka
l< yels úh' l,n,ldÍ wdvïnr kd.ßlhka oelSfuka ;e;s .;a mqxÑue‚ldg
Èrdm;a uy,a,df.a oelSu okakd w÷kk ys;j;=kaf.a oelSula fuka úh' uy,a,d o
le,Ejlska t<shg wd flfkl= úh yels h'
mqxÑue‚ld uy,a,d <Õg f.dia Tyq bÈßfha isg .;a;d h' uy,a,d jrla wE foi
fk;a fy<d ne¨fõ h' m,a j;=rl uqyqK; jeiS ;sfnk mg,hlg iudk meyeh
we;s mg,hlska Tyqf.a fofk; jeiS ;sìK' Tyq kej;;a fmd,a wrU foig u ne,au
fhduq fldg ksYap,j yqkafka h'
‘iSfh" wr fmfkkafka ysr f.or o@’
ysre /iska Woa§ma; uy f.dvke.s,a, m<uq jrg oel n,kakl= fuka t foi fiñka
fk;a fy<d neÆ uy,a,d mqxÑue‚ld foig yerefKa h'
‘Tõ" wehs@’ fnd,a ue?ç lg y~lska weiS h'

‘uf. ñksyd tAfl w;=f< fjkav mq¿jks’ hs ysr f.or Wi iqÿ ì;a;sh foi n,ñka
mqxÑue‚ld lSjdh' ‘thd fï ysr f.or tõjd" udi .Kklg biair' tAl fndre
kvqjla' thd udi yhlg ysf¾g kshu jqKd' oeka udi yh myqfj,d' tA;a thd
.ug wdfj kE' ux fï fnfydu ÿr b|,hs wdfj' ug fndfydu uykaishs iSfh' ux
fndfydu lror ú| f.k wdfj thd fidhkak' thd fïl we;=f< we;s'Z
‘uy,a,df.a fofk; h<s;a fmd,a wrU foig u fhduq úh'’ Tyq ye,fyd,aukla
ke;sj isáfha h'

50
‘Wfò .u fldfy o <uhd@’
‘ux wdfj neoafoa.u b|,d'’
‘neoafoa.u"’ Tõ ux okakjd' fndfydu biair ysg okakjd tA .u .ek' ud;a tA
me;af;a ;uhs' neoafoa.ug;a tyd uyfj,.u' WU .ug m,hka <uhd'’
‘b;ska uf. ñksyd" iSfh@ thdg fudlo jqfKa’
uy,a,d b;d fiñka ysi yrjd uy ysr f.h foi fk;a fhduq flf<a h' ysre /ia
uy,a,df.a uqyqKg fl<ska jeáK' Tyqf.a uqyqK jhiska yd È<s÷lñka jeyeÍ /,s
jeà wels<S ;sìK' Tyqf.a fofk;a ysr f.hska t<fokl lrd fhduq úh' t<fok
weia fkrjd ysi Èlalr f.k ksYap,j isg ;Èka lyskakg mgka .;s' oE, yl=<jd
f.k wE leiafia b;d fõokdfjks' leiai k;r jqK miq t<fok hul= fidhñka
uy fmdf<dj f;d¨ .dkag jk' uy,a,d ;udg u lshd .kakdla fuka fufia lSfõ h'

‘ljodj;a ñksfyla ´flka t<shg tkafka kE-fldfydu o ñksfyla ´l we;=f<

Ôj;a fjkafk' yeu ;siafiu ì;a;sj,ska jg lr.k' fï gjqkaj, ñksiqkag ´fl
.dKla keye' kuq;a wms ux fyd|g okakjd" ux uyfj,.u ñksfyla' Tkak Th
wyg lef,a ueoafoa .ula; wo jqK;a .ug hkav ux ,Eia;shs" kuq;a ug jhi jeä
hs' ñksfyla kdls WKdhska miafia tAjdfh b|,d jevla keye-kuq;a WU .ug
m,hka' .ula w;a wer,d hk tl uy fudavlula' tAjdfh yeuod u nv.skafk ;ud'
ux okakjd" ug u;lhs" tA;a ;ukafk me,am;hs" ñÿ,hs" lef,hs ;ukag ksoyfia
;sfhkjd' fïjdfh f.daidjhs" l,n,hs" lrorhs ú;rhs' ksïudjlska ke;=j f.j,a'Z
‘tA;a ysr f.oßka wykav ´kE biair fj,d uf.a ñksyd .ek' wehs thd k;r
lr.k bkafk@’
‘´lg .sh ñksfyla ljodj;a t<shg tkafk kE' yenEgu ux okafk keoao@ uf.
mq;;a Th ysr f.g .shd' ;j wo fjkakla weyeg ±lafl kE' thdf. kvqj weyqfj
fï ;x.,af,' uf.a w; ñg ;snqKd' Tlafldu tA kvqj fjkqfjka úhoï l<d' mq;d
ysr f.hska wdmyq tk;=rd ux n,d f.k ysáhd" lsis ojil wdfj kE; tkafk;a kE"
Wfò ñksydg;a tAl u ;ud' oeka WU wdmyq m,hka Wfò .ug'’
mqxÑue‚ldf.a nv.skakg yd f;fyÜgqjg o uy,a,df.a l;dfjka Wmka ika;dmh;a
ÿl;a tl;= úh' wE ksfid,aufka je,fmkag jQjd h'

‘w~, jevla kE <uhd' ux oeka fyd|g u jhi ñksfyla' ug jvd fyd¢ka Th .ek
okak flfkla ;j;a fufy kE" fï ysr f.g .sh flfkla ljodj;a wdmyq wdfõ
kE' WU oeka blauka lr,d .ug hk tl hs jvd fyd|'’

mqxÑue‚ld t;ekska ke.sg fiñka fiñka lkao ke. ysr f.h jfÜ .shd h' tys jQfha
tlu fodrgqjls' tA ;ekska ;ek hlv weK jeoa¥ úYd, >k ,S fodrls' wE ìfhka fodrg
51
 ;Ügq l<d h' we;=<g fkd wefik ;ru b;d fyñka ;Ügq l<d h' kej; ì;a;h s g
we, ù b| f.k n,d isáhd h' meh .Kkla .; úh' lsis u wuq;; a la jQfha ke;s' fodr
jeiQ .uka u h' isr f.h we;=f<ka lsiu s Yíohla fkd wefia' lkao mdjq, ;K W,k
t<fokqka miafokd yd uy,a,d yer fmfkk udkhl lsiu s if;la ke;' ;ud isák
;ekg ;o ysre /ia jefgk úg ì;a;f s ha fyjK Èfjk Èfjk yeáhg tyd fuyd
fjñka fudlla fyda wuq;;
a la isÿ jk ;=re wE n,dfmdfrd;a;= iys;j t;ek u Wkakd h'

fndfyda fõ,djlg miq fodr yeßK' ldls we÷ï lÜg,hla yd f;dmamshla o

ye| fmd,a,la w;ska .;a ñksfyla thska t<shg wdfõ h' Tyq wE foi n,d ;shqKq
iajrhlska" ‘kqU fudl o fu;k@’ hs weiqfõ h'

‘uf.a ñksyd n,kav wdjd' whshd" thd udi yhlg ysr f.org tõjd' udi yh oeka
myq fj,d' thd .ug .sfha keye' ñksiaiq lshkjd thd ueß,hs lsh,' tAl we;a; o@’
‘fudlla o thdf. ku@ fldfy o .u@’

‘thdf. .u neoafoa.u’

‘ku@Z

‘fldfydu o uu thdf.k ku lshkafka whshd@’

‘wehs fudaäfh fudlla o tA ñksyg lshdmq ku@’

‘thdg lsõfõ nnqka lsh,d'’

‘fudk je/oaog o ysf¾ jegqfK@’

‘tAl fndre kvqjla" wdrÉÑf. f.a ìkaohs lsh,d’

‘´" tA ñksydæ yß Bg miafi tA wdrÉÑ;a uerejd fkao@’

‘Tõ" Tõ" tA uerefj wfma wmafmdÉÑ'’

‘Tõ" th;a fufy ysáhd" WU <Õ i,a,s fyu ;sfhkjd o .Eksfh@’

‘kE whshd" i;hlaj;a kE' wms fndfydu ÿmam;a ñksiaiq'’

‘wd" tfykï wmg nE fuys§ fudl=;a lshkav' WU lUqremsáhg .syska tAcka;

yduqÿrejkag fm;aiula §mka'’

52
‘whshd’ oeka lSjdfka uf. ñksyd okakjhs lsh,d' b;ska ug lSjg we;s je/oao
fudlla o@ thd oeka fufy bkakjd o@ thdg fudlo WfKa@ ojia .dkla ;siafia ux
fuydg wdfj fïl oek.kav' ug ;j;a lror lrkav ud t<jkafka wehs@Z

ysrm,a,d mqxÑue‚ld foi ñks;a;=jla fyda folla muK n,d isáfha h'

‘fyd|hs" lreKdj fõ<sÉp l=Uqrg jeiaila jf.hs lshkjd fkaæ tA;a WU b,a,kafka
fõ<sÉp l=Uqrg ;j;a kshÕ' ux okakjd ñksyd fufy ysáhd' ñksyd fuys§ u<d'
oeka ueß,d udi folla fjkjd'’

ysrm,a,d ;u l;dfjka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha ysi w;a nod f.k lE .ik .eyekshlf.a
ú,dmhls' tfy;a mqxÑue‚ld ksYaYíoj u t;ekska f.dia kej;;a ì;a;sh woaor
wek ;shd .ekSu Tyqf.a uú;hg fya;= úh' idudkH wkaoug fYdalh m%ldY lsÍug
wef.a is;g jeÿKq myr ;o jeä h' l÷<la j;a fkd fy<d wE n,d isáhd mu‚'
;ud .ug hd hq;= h hk n,j;a yeÕSu;a ;ud ;ksù isák fï k.rfhka msg j
ish .ug hd .; hq;= h hk oeä wdYdj;a wEg we;s úh' tys§ ;udf.a ñÿ,g ù jk
frdog msámiska ysre ieÕù hk ieá n,d f.k ksoyfia isáh yels h' mqkaÑue‚ld
t;k jeä fõ,djla fkd /£ lkafoka my<g neiaid h' uy,a,d ;ju;a tA yqka ;ek
fmd,a wrU foi n,d.;a jk u isáfha h'

‘wd" ljodj;a ´flka msg fj,d tkav bv yïn fjkafk kE ñksfyl=g' ux WUg
lsõjdfka"’ hs ;ud miq lr f.k hk mqxÑue‚ldg wefik fia uy,a,d lSh'

‘thd ueß,d iSfha'’

‘Tõ ´lg .sh flfkla wdfh tkafka kE' WU m,hka <uhd wdmyq .ug'’

‘ux hkjd iSfh'’

53
 wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

WodiSk - lïue<s$w,i
W.yg - lsÍug wmyiq$ ÿIalr
ú,Skj - WKq ù$Èh ù
.juysi - t<yrla iy óyrla
mg, iys; - meg¨ï iys;$wmeyeÈ,s
n;a ù - f.dÿre ù
ysr yso,ka - wjdy újdy lr .ekSu
wäfldav - l,n,$úldr$flda,ï
ieyeis - oreKq
N%dka;sh - pls;h$ìh
wdkkaÈ; - i;=gg m;a
Woa§ma; - È,siqKq$nen¿Kq
fnd,a - ysia
ue?ç - l;d lrk Yíoh wmyeÈ,s ùu
f;d¨ .dkjd - ;K fld< W,d lkjd
wyg - m%foaYhg
ika;dmh - lkiai,a,$lk.dgqj

wNHdi

my; i`oyka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

1' “wjqreÿ oyhlska uq¿ .uu w,skag hkjd” hs kekafpdydñ lS wkdjelsh
l%ufhka i;Hhla jQ whqre WodyrK foñka úuikak'
2' “neoafoa.u yd tys jeishka l%ufhka wNdjhg hk wdldrh iÔù f,i ksrEmKh
lrkakg l;=jrhd NdIdj Ndú; lr we;s wdldrh WodyrK iys;j meyeÈ,s
lrkak'
3' is,s÷ ms<sn|j “msiaiq jeoaod fldáfhle” hs lS .ïuq mqxÑue‚ld ms<sn|j lSfõ
fldáhdf.a meáhd uqj meáfhla njhs' mqxÑue‚ldf.a pß;h weiqfrka fï
lshuk ;yjqre lrkak'

4' wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKfha § l;=jrhdf.a m%;sNdj iaMqg jkafka mdGl is;
ohdkqlïmdfjka mqrjd,Su ksid h' WodyrK weiqfrka ú.%y lrkak'

54
 5 uqks isßmd isôñkafka
áfnÜ cd;sl tia' uyskao ysñ ^1901--1951&

‘áfnÜ cd;sl tia' uyskao ysñ’ hkq furg cd;sl
ùrjrhka .ek lshefjk wjia:djkays § fkd jer§ u
i|yka jk iqúfYaI kduhls' iqúfYaI;ajh jkafka wm
rg .ek" tys ksoyi .ek buy;a jd;ai,Hhlska ,shQ
- foiQ Wka jykafia Wm;ska Y%S ,xlslhl= fkd ùu h'

áfnÜ rfgys islSï foaYfha Wmka uyskao ysñhkaf.a <ud
ld,h ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re imhd .ekSu wmyiq h'
tfy;a Wka jykafia 1901 § muK ckau ,dNh ,enQ nj
ms<s.efka' áfnÜ rfgys Wiia fm<m;la jQ ;Is kï.H,a
fm<m;g wh;a uyskao ysñ weia'fla' ;Is kï.H,a f,i
uq, § y÷kajd we;' jhi wjqreÿ fod<fya § muK ish meúÈ fidfydhqrd jQ
tia' mqKaKÔ ysñhka iy c¾uka cd;sl [dKd;sf,dal ysñhka iu. l=vd ;Is
,xldjg meñK we;'

uq,ska u fmd,a.ia¥j wdrdufha kej;S" fld<U úfoHdaoh msßfjkg ne£ bf.kSug;a

tu ld,fha u urodfka uydfndaê úoHd,fhka bx.S%is bf.kSug;a Tyq fhduq ù
we;' ;Is kï.H,a" tia' uyskao ysñ f,i meúÈ nj ,nkafka r;a.u isß pQ,iquk
ysñhka fj;sks' fuf,i wurmqr ksldfha meúÈj fodvka¥fõ ffY,ìïndrdufhys
jev fjfiñka uyskao idufKar ysñfhda ish wOHdmk lghq;= lrf.k .shy'
miqj Wka jykafia fld<U fldïm[a[ ùÈfha fi!.; wdjdih fj; meñKshy'
ta 1930 j¾Ifha h' tys § Wka jykafia mE,shf.dv úoHd,xldr msßfjka wêm;s
¨Kqfmdl=fKa YS% Oïudkkao ysñhka fj; h<s meúÈ jQfha ishï ksldfha NslaIqjl
yeáhg h' uyskao ysñhka Wmiïmod ù we;af;a 1931 j¾Ifha h'

1934-1936 ld, jljdkqj ;=< tia' uyskao ysñfhda fld<U wdkkao úoHd,fha
wdpd¾hjrhl= f,i fiajh lf<da h' tys § Wka jykafia isxy," md,s" nqoaO O¾uh
úIh b.ekaùï lghq;= isÿ lr we;' tia' uyskao ysñhka 1936 j¾Ifha isg jev jdih
lr we;af;a mdkÿf¾ uyfn,a,k YS% iqo¾Ykdrdufha h' tys jir 15la muK jev
fjfiñka úúO iudc wd.ñl idys;H fiajdjka isÿ lrñka isáh § 1951 ud¾;= 16 od
fï Woafhda.su;a nqoaOmq;%hka jykafia yÈisfha wmj;a jQy'

55
 tia' uyskoa ysñhka jvd;a m%lg jQfha lúhl= yd foaYlhl= f,ig h' Wka jykafiaf.a
idys;H lghq;= fnfyúka u lúhg keUqre úh' tu lú m%Odk f;aud ;=kla hgf;a
wmg y÷kd .; yels h'

1' <uhska Wfoid ,shQ lú

2' foaYdkqrd. yd cd;sldNsudk lú
3' nqoaOdNsjkaokd lú

by; iEu j¾.hl u lú j¾;udkfha § o mdGl" risl" úpdrl wjOdkhg ,laj

mj;S' Wka jykafia ,shQ cd;sldNsudkS lD;s w;r ksoyfia oeyek" ksoyfia uka;%h
iy ,xldud;d ldjH ix.%y ckms%h úh' hg;a úð; md,kfhka ñ§u i|yd l<
ksoyia igkg Wkajykafiaf.a ks¾udKj,ska ,o W;af;ackh iqúfYaI h'

n,jq fmdf,dkakre wkqrdmqr fmfoi
is;jq mej;s ksoyi fuys fmr oji
k.jq ;j ;j;a ;rir ;reK f.di
jfrjq hujq ke.sájq fkdksojq fuf,i

weia' uyskao ysñfhda l=vd orejka Wfoid o ldjH m%nkaO /ila l<y' Wka jykafia
úiska rÑ; <ud ks¾udK uQ,sl jYfhka lõñK" lõuq;= yd <ud lõ l,U hk lD;s
;=fkys ix.Dys; ù we;' Tjd uq;= Wka jykafia ,shQ uq,a u ldjH lD;sh hs' kkaok .S;
Wka jykafia ,shQ ;j;a lD;shls'

fuu mdvug mdol jk ‘ore ke<ú,a, fyj;a cd;sl f;dá,a,’ kue;s §¾> ldjH
mka;sh cd;sl ùr ldjHhla njg m;aj ;sfí' fuh <uhska wruqKq lr f.k uq`M
uy;a cd;sh u wu;k ldjHhls' cd;sl isß;a úß;a" wdl,am yd Ñka;kh leá lr
.;a WmfoaYd;aul ldjHhla jk fuh b;sydi f;dr;=re /ila o iïmsKavkh l<
wjia:djls'
‘cd;sl f;dá,a,’ mµ mka;sh rpkd ùu ms<sn| miqìï l;dj o wmQ¾j tlls' Èkla
uyskoa ysñfhda;a Noka; uxcq ysñfhda;a mshodi m,kaiß
Q h uy;d;a weï'B' m%kdkaÿ
uy;d;a w.kqjr isg uykqjrg f.dia" .kafkdarej yryd há., iqukdrduhg hñka
isáhy' msßi tla;rd fj,ahdhlg msúfik úg fyd|g u ijia ù ;sìK' tu iqkoa r
mßirh .ek uyskoa ysñfhda jYSlD;j .sfhda h' fj, ueo jQ lu;l fmd,a w;=
me, ÿgq Wka jykafia “wms wo ?g fï mef,a k;r fjuq” hehs fhdackd l<y'
ish,af,da tlÕ jQy' i| myka /fhys fj,ahdh ;j;a iqkoa r ù ;sìKs' fmd,a w;=
me, tlu idys;H uKavmhla úh' uyskoa ysñhkaf.a is; wuq;= i;=glska msÍ .sfha
h' ú.i mEk yd lvodishla w;g .;a Wka jykafia ‘ore ke<ú,a, fyj;a cd;sl
f;dá,a,’ hk isria;,h fhdod ‘uqks isßmd isôñkafka’ lú mofhka lú fm<la
werUQy' tf,i m,af,a.u flda,dk .fï fj,a hdfha § werô fï lú fm< miq od
56
iqukdrdufha § u ,shd wjika flßK' fï yDoh.%dyS cd;sl ùr ldjHfha Wm; isÿ
jQfha tf,i h' tu ldjHfhka Wmqgd .;a lú lsyms hla fuu mdvug we;=<;a lr
we;'

‘cd;sl f;dá,a,’ foaYdNsudks ldjHfha f;dard .;a lú lsym

s hla u;= ±lafõ'

uqks isßmd isôñkafka
iufkd< .sß fmfoiskafka
u| iq<Õhs fï tkafka
uf.a mq;d ksÈhkafka
ksoyi uy uqyqola fõ
tys W,am; mq;" kqU fõ
ta nj isys fldg fu f,dfõ
hq;=lu bgq l< hq;= fõ
cd;sl rK forK uf;a
.eà jeà u< fudfydf;a
iqkaor iqrUqkaf. wf;a
ke<fjk nj is;kq mqf;a
lror oyila yuq ù
bkagels kï iskd fjù
Tyq fuf,djg my< foù
rfclehs i,lkq uekù

;uka ,enQ Èú fmfjf;a

fldgila rg iuh fjf;a
mqo fkdlf<d;a WfUka mqf;a
fuf,djg lsis m,la kef;a

cd;sh rka úukla fõ

wd.u ñKs mykla fõ
th /l .kakg fu f,dfõ
iu;a fjf;d;a mq; kqU fõ

bgq fldg l< hq;= hq;=lï

,enqK;a f,daflka .eryqï
bjikakg mq¿jka kï
WUhs uf.a mq;d W;=ï

57
 ldg;a ysñ fmdÿ foa kï
ke;s-neß" ysÕ wjysrlï
fï foa uev f.k oialï
mEu ;uhs iqre úrelï

ñ;=relñka fmrg tf;d;a

¥ú,a,la tlal jqK;a
ñ;=re fjhka mqf;a WU;a
thhs f,dfõ .=Kh uy;a

isks÷ fudf<dla nj uf,yS

msßisÿ nj msks ìf|yS
tla ù ud mq;=f. f<yS
wrla .kS yeu ÈfkyS

wNHdi

1' my; i|yka fhÿïj, wre;a meyeÈ,s lrkak'

“lror oyila yuq ù

bkagels kï isky fjù”

“ksoyi uy uqyqola fõ
tys W,am; mq;" kqU fõ”

—ldg;a ysñ fmdÿ foa kï

ke;s-neß ysÕ wjysrlï”

2' fuys cd;sldNsudkS yd foaYdkqrd.S woyia jvjk lú f;dard idlÉPd lrkak'

3' fuu mµ ks¾udKh id¾:l lr .ekSug lúhd fhdod f.k we;s úúO
ldjHuh Wml%u idlÉPd lrkak'

4' fuu ks¾udKh i|yd Wmhqla; NdId ffY,sh ms<sn| we.hSula lrkak'

5' “pß; ixj¾Okhg ks¾udKd;aul woyia bÈßm;a lrk m%;sNdmQ¾K lúfhla

fuu ks¾udKfha § wmg yuq fõ'” fï lshuk idlÉPd lrkak'

58
 6 .x.dfõ ix.S;h
tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u ^1918 - 1973&

fyajdjiï uqksodi l=v,s.u fyj;a tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u fld<U

hq.fha lúfhls' iajNdj fi!kao¾hh uy;a wNsreÑfhka
j¾Kkd l< lùka w;r fyf;u fjfiiska lemS fmfka'
tfia u Tyq ñksia Èúh yd fidnd oyu w;r we;s in|;d
od¾Yksl mokulska bÈßm;a lf<a h'
j¾I 1918 § l¿;r l=v,s.u § Wm; ,enQ tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u
ñIkdß mdif,ka fcHaIGa mka;hs f;la bf.kqu ,enqfõ h;
bka wk;=rej O¾u úch msßfjfkka Wiia wOHdmkh ,enqfõ h' l=v,s.uf.a lúh
nqÿ iufhka fmdaI;
s tlla ùug fï msßfjka wOHdmkh o n, mdkakg we;'
mdi,a wOHdmkfhka wk;=rej fld<Ug meñKs l=v,s.u ish /lshdj f,i mqj;am;a
l,dj f;dard .;af;a h' isxy, n,h" ÈkñK" is¿ñK yd ck;d wdÈ mqj;am;aj,
fiajh l< Tyq l,la ‘iqj|’ lú iÕrdj o ixialrKh lf<a h' tiufhys tu
lú iÕrdj jvd;a Ydia;h %S .=Khlska hql;
a j mj;ajd f.k hEug fyf;u W;ail q
jQfha h'

ksfodia ksjerÈ nia jyrlska fuka u ukd ixhuhlska ;u lú u. yeisrùug
l=v,s.u ie,ls,su;a jQfha h' md,s ixialD; NdId ms<sn| ±kqu o Tyq i;= jQj;a
fndfyda úg jHjydrhg ióm lgjyrg <x jQ nila Tyq Ndú; lf<a h' fmr o
i|yka l< mßÈ iajNdj fi!kao¾hh yd ne÷Kq lú wdr fya;=fjka ‘isxy, fI,SZ
f,i l=v,s.u m%lg jqj o ngysr lúhl= jQ fI,Sf.a lú Tyq lshjd fkd ;sìKs'
tfy;a Tyqf.a ldjH ixl,amkd fI,Sf.a ks¾udKj,g ióm nj úpdrl woyi hs'
tA flfia jqj;a tÉ'tï' l=v,s.u lúhd ;df.da¾ lsú÷kaf.a ks¾udKj,g ióm jQ
wkaou;a" tAjdfhys wdNdih ,enQ wjia:d;a isys m;a lr we;'

l=v,s.u fld<U lú hq.h §ma;su;a l< lúhl= nj úpdrl u;h hs' mS'î' w,aúia
fmf¾rd" lms, fifkúr;ak" udl÷f¾ .=Kj¾Ok" óuk fma%u;s,l" Wmkkao
ngqf.or wd§yq Tyqg iuld,Sk lùyq fj;s' iqj|" foaÿkak" ójoh jeks lú iÕrdj, o
tl, mej;s mqj;am;aj, o tÉ' tï' l=v,s.uf.a lú ksrka;rfhka m< úh'

Tyq ,shQ ‘wE’ mµ .%ka:h b;d ckms%h úh' l=Kdgqj" tfldau;a tl rgl" ixjdoh
jeks lD;s o Tyqf.a ldjH .%ka: w;r fõ' ukqIH Ôú;h" fidnd oyu yd fma%uh
ms<sn| wmQ¾j w;a±lSï ish ks¾udK u.ska u;= lsÍug iu;a jQ ixfõ§ lúhl=
jYfhka isxy, ldjH jxYfhys fkd ueflk kula igyka l< l=v,s.u lúhd
1973 wf.daia;= 01 od wNdjm%dma; úh'
59
 f,da oyu ms<sn| t<s oyrla úáka úg úysÿjk ‘.x.dfõ ix.S;h’ kue;s" l=v,s.u
lúhdf.a meÈ fm< fï mdvfuka bÈßm;a flf¾'

l÷ nEjqul ox - fndaúá m÷re ; <d

my<g we§ mr u,a fm;s bj; fkd <d
l,foda Èfhka fmdÕjd rka mq,sk ; ,d
ix.S;j;a ù hñ bÈßhg . ,d

ieÕfjñ - tfnñ - ksii, fjñ - ii, fj ñ

weUfrñ - tfy;a miq fkdnisñ - fkdkj;sñ
ljod fld;ekl È fyda uy uqyqÿ ys ñ
yuq jqKq flfKys ud i;= nr Tyqg fo ñ

tkafka fldys isg o - fld;eklg o h ka fka

Tn l=ulg o ud ÿgq ;ek úuika fka
ñksiqka .syska ks;r u wdmiq t ka fka
lsu oe hs lshd lsisjl= wehs@ fkdfidhka fka

ó wU - lsr, - udoï f.ä <ore ú fha

welfhys fy<d y`vjhs ie`v iq<Õ / fha
iq<s ueo le/flñka b÷ks,a .eUqre È fha
iuyr ;ekl ,iaik u,a lel=`M ;s fha

ysßu,a iskd /<s fmK ms`vq ñysß ; u

.,a mrj, u yems yems ìys lrñ u u
iu ;eks;,dj, yuq fjhs w,i l u
ksrihs w;ruÕ wjysr kqÿgq ì u

ñksiqka bjqrej, hk tk wä ioafo ka

<h hg ii, nj ñka u;= fkdkefÕoafo ka
flláh ´¨ k<shk Èh /<s ueoafo ka
u,a fm;s úh<s fld< tk w;lg toafo ka

rka ;re msßjrd .;a i| u`v, h g

uy jk ìula ueo .sß l=`M w;r is g
fkdñhk fya,s oyul mKsjqvh ms g
fld÷rñ fl¢ßhla uq`M f,dj ksi, fld g

60
 wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

l,foda Èfhka - wre;a
ߧjka meyeÈ,s lsÍu
c,fhka
mq,sk ;,d - je,s ;,d
fya,s oyul
l,foda Èfhka - ikd;k
ߧjka oyula
c,fhka
mq,sk ;,d - je,s ;,d
fya,s oyul - ikd;k oyula

wNHdi

01' my; i|yka fhÿïj, woyia meyeÈ,s lrkak'

“l,foda Èfhka fmdÕjd rka mq,sk ;<d

ix.S;j;a ù hñ bÈßhg .,d”

“ó wU - lsr, - udoï f.ä <ore úfha

welfhys fy<d y`vjhs ie`v iq<Õ /fha”

“iu ;eks;,dj, yuq fjhs w,ilu

ksri hs w;ruÕ wjysr kqÿgq ìu”

“fkdñhk fya,s oyul mKsjqvh msg

fld÷rñ fl¢ßhla uq¿ f,dj ksi, fldg”

02' fuu mµ ks¾udKfhka lúhd bÈßm;a lrk Ôjk o¾Ykh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

03' w;a±lSu rij;aj bÈßm;a lsÍug lúhd NdIdj fhdod f.k we;s wdldrh
idlÉPd lrkak'

04' ri ksIam;a;sh i|yd lúhd Ndú; lrk úúO ldfjHdaml%u úia;r lrkak'

05' lúhd wÔj mßirhg iÔù njla wdfrdamKh lrñka ;u mµ mka;sh id¾:lj
bÈßm;a lrk wdldrh úuikak'

61
 7 f,k w;yer hEu
uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø ^1914 - 1996&

j¾I 1961 wf.daia;= ui 31 jeks Èk m%:u jrg fmardfo‚fha §

rx..; jqKq isxyndyq kdgHh" Y%S ,dxflah l,d fl;g úYsIag
ks¾udK /ila tla l< uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaøhkaf.a
ks¾udKhls'
irÉpkaøfhda ,dxflah wkkH;djla iys; kdgH l,djla
ksujd .ekSu fjkqfjka ksrka;rfhka fjfyi .;a wfhls'
Tyq j¾I 1914 cQks 03 Èk ol=Kq m<df;a r;a.u fodvka¥j .fuys
ckau ,dNh ,eî h' Tyqf.a mshd pd,aia ma/kaisia o is,ajd h'
uj ,sähd mska;= h' foujqmsfhda orejdg ‘hQiagia frðfkda,aâ o
is,ajd’ hkqfjka kï ;enQy' mshd ;eme,a ia:dkdêm;sjrhl= f,i úúO m<d;a
fj; ia:dk udre ,o fyhska l=vd l, mdi,a lsym s hl u wOHdmkh yodrkakg
frðfkda,â a yg isÿ úh' .d,a, ijq;, a kaâ úoHd,h" .d,a, ßÉukaâ úoHd,h" .d,a,
Ydka; wef,daih s ia úoHd,h" mdkÿf¾ Ydka; fcdaka úoHd,h" .,ali s i
a idka; f;dauia
úoHd,h hkdÈ jYfhks' mdi,a wOHdmkfhka wk;=rej tjl fld<U hqkj s ¾isá
fld,Sðhg we;=¿ jQ frðfkda,â a ;reKhd 1936 § iriúfhka msg jQfha f.!rj
Wmdêhla iys;j h' bx.sßis NdIdfjys o ksmK q jQ fyf;u zisf,daka fâ,s ksji q Za
mqj;am;g tla úh' 1939 j¾Ifha § rùkaøkd;a ;df.da¾f.a Ydka;s ksfla;k iriúh
fj; .sfha" Ndr;Sh o¾Ykh iy ix.S;h wdÈ fkdfhla úIhhka yodrd kej;
ujqìug meñKsfha h' flá l,la .,ali s i
a Ydka; f;dauia úÿyf,a .=rejrhl= f,i
fiajh lr" lÓldpd¾hjrhl= f,i úYajúoHd, fiajhg tla jQ fyf;u miqj"
,kavka úYajúoHd,fha ndysr wfmalI a lhl= ù fmrÈ. o¾Ykh ms<n s |j Ydia;m
% ;s
Wmdêh ysñ lr .;af;a" fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,hg tla ù fmrÈ. NdId mSGfha md,s
iy fn!oaO o¾Ykh ms<n s | lÓldpd¾h Oqrhg m;a jQfha h' ful, ;ud ckaufhka
,en isá úfoaYh S W!refõ ku fjkqjg ‘jeÈ;ka;f %s .a tÈßùr irÉpkaø’ hk ku
Ndú;hg .;a t;=ud tjlg mqj;am;a i|yd ‘irÉpkaø’ kñka ,sms iïmdokfha
fhÿfKa h'
t;=ud u<.sh we;af;da" u<jqkf a .a wjqreÿ od jeks kjl;d lsym s hla o" ukfï"
isxyndyq" fmauf;da cdh;S fidaflda" mndj;S jeks kdgH lD;s úYd, .Kkla o" úpdr
m¾fhaIK .%k: a fndfyda .Kkla o rpkd lf<a h' Tyqf.a l,amkd f,dalh" idys;H
úoHdj lD;s isxy, idys;H úpdr l,dfjys fkd ueflk igyka h' tmuKla fkd
j msx we;s iriú jrula fokafka kñka iajhx ,sÅ; pß;dmodkhla o t;=ud úiska
iïmdokh flßKs'
62
 tÈßùr irÉpkaøfhda Ndr;fha ‘l=udrka wYdka’ úYaj iïudkfhka o" ms,smSkfha
‘/fudka ue.afiih’ iïudkfhka o cmdkfha ‘iaj¾K rc;’ iïudkfhka o msÿï
,enQy'
bl=;a Y; j¾Ih wdrïNfha furg m%p,s;j mej;s àg¾" gj¾fyda,a" ñk¾jd jeks
kdgHj,ska fjkiaj Y%S ,dxflah wkkH;djla iys; kdgH iïm%odhla f.dv ke.Su
fjkqfjka m¾fhaIK l< t;=ud" ta fjkqfjka .ïkshï.ïys ießird wm merKs
f;dú,a-mú,a wNspdr úê" kdv.ï" flda,ï wd§ ixialD;sldx. wOHhkh lf<a h'
tfuka u cmdkh wdÈ wdishdlrfha fjk;a rgj, kdgH iïm%odhka o yeoErefõ h'
tys m%;sM,hla f,i ìys jQ kdgH w;r ‘isxyndyq’ kdgHh uq,a ;ekays ,d ie,lsh
yels h'
fuys f;aud;aul l;d mqj; uydjxYfhys i`oyka isxy, cd;sh ìys ùu ms<sn`o
l;d mqj; hs' kdgHh i`oyd tys l;d idrh muKla Wlyd f.k we;' ‘isxyndyq’
ffY,s.; iïm%odfha kdgHhls' tys rfidaoa§mkh i`oyd Wmhqla; .S;j;a nia jyr
Tiafia irÉpkaø kï .S; m%nkaOlhd o rislhdg uqK.efihs' oYl myla ;siafia
rx..; jk isxyndyq kdgHh Y%S ,dxflah kdgH jxYl:dfõ m%n, ikaêia:dkhls'
kdgHhl w;HjYH u wx.hla jk ‘.egqu’ b;d m%n,j fuys ksrEmKh fõ'
.;dkq.;sl;ajh iy kQ;k;ajh w;r jk iodld,sl m%;súfrdaOh fï k¿fjys
há fm< fia Èfjk nj úpdrl u;hls'
jx. foaYfha rc l=ußhl jk iqmamd foaúh ish ieñhd jk isxyhd iy isxyndyq"
isxy iSj,S foorejka iu. jkfha fjfihs' isxyhdf.a iajrEmh jeäúhg m;a
orejkag l=;+y,hla okjhs' Tjqyq ta ms<sn|j ujf.ka f;dr;=re úui;s' isxyndyq
kdgHfha t;eka isg l;dj ±lafjk ‘f,k w;yer hEu’ kue;s fojk wxlh fï
mdvug we;=<;a fõ'

f,k w;yer hEu

fofjks wxlh
fmdf;a bkaksih

fu fia yg.;a ìh iel is;ska my lrñ k

f;d fia fjñka t ñ.s|d fjfik i| fmñ k
n f ia uqúka msg jqK ksid jevqK l=yq,s k
ú f ia ih mshdf.a ols;s orefjda Èk È k

^isxyndyq meñfKhs&
fmdf;a bkaksih

is; fkdu iekfia ys¢kg fuf,fia

Èú ysñfhka fu f,fka
fndfyd wdor we;s uq;a ud msh wmyg
63
 m, ke; fu Èúfhfka
frdia ù tÈfka lS reÿ jofka
yo ;=< /õ fokafka
wm krhka j. mejiq t wreuh
ke; ug jegfykafka
wrfKa wmyg ìh meñfKkakg
ldrK t<s jkafka
msh;=uf.a .; kerUq l, is;
l=yq,ska b;sfrkafka
ke; iu jkafka fjki fmfkkafka
ú,i mshdKkafka
flf,i o Tyq yg wm od jQfha
wehs uj fkd lshkafka
isxyndyq ( jpkh

f.diska uu fï j. ish,a, uE‚hkaf.ka wid fid¢ka ±k .kafkñ'

^kslau hhs&
fmdf;a bkaksih
fkl jr mq;= úiskd wik ,o mek ks id
iqmamd foaú ukd we;s ù is; fjfy id
isÿ jQ mqj; wkdjrKh lrk f, id
fofokd le|jd f.k lSjd ;;= fuf, id

^iqmamd foaù meñfKhs&

iqmamd foaù ( bkaksi .S;h

iÕjkakg ;;= neß h mq;=f.ka

ñ.s|d ks;sk fid¢kd fmfkk ú,id
woykafk ke; lSj o uqid
keK uQl=rd f.dia we; mqrd jhid

mjikag ;;= yo ixi,d

ke;s fõ o fifk yer hd o f,fk fkd±kd
j<lkag neß foag msysgd
jkq foúhfka ud wirfKa fkdyerd

ud m%sh mq;Kqjks yd ÿj‚hks" ud fj; tkq uek' Tn fofokdg lsj hq;= lsisjla ;sfí'
^isxyndyq yd isxy iSj,S meñfK;s&

fofokd ( jpkh

wm le|jQfha lsu o lshd ±k .kq leue;af;uq" uE‚hks'

64
iqmamd foaù" isxyndyq" isxy iSj,S ( ;¾.h fï ish,a, yerod uu
wdfjñ j,gd
iqmamd foaù ( fjfik f,id Tn msh ud
iñ÷ka iu.d
fm%aujka; orefjks ud
ys¢kq lka fhdud isxyndyq yd isxy iSj,S (
lshñ mqj; iel ÿ/rd
wik ks;sfhkd wehs o mshdKka iu.d
uE‚h kqU fofokf. fõ f,fkys fjfikafka
l=ußhla ukd yer oud t rdc biqre
mis÷ uyÕ= jx. foafi Wjÿre w;f¾
krjr yg od ßis fkdù o ud mshdg
jdfi ud,sf.a
isxyndyq ( ishque,s Tn legqj bkag
fï jkdka;f¾
lsï o uE‚hks Tn fï
iqmamd foaù (
mjik jokd
weia lka weoysh fkdfya h
wisßu;a jq foals fuf,dj
wefik fu wreud
fm%auh kñkd
Tn md uq, ys÷jd ud
jekQ fmdrK lsú÷ka fid|
jefvk jhfi §
ri uqiq niskd
rdc l;d lS úis;=re
ish¨ fNda. jia;= biqre
±ka isys jkafka
yß;s fkla ofkda
iem ihkd iqj| fndcqka
iõ iem fok is;=ñK jka
;=uq, ud,s.d
fm%auh ikaod
wE iïm;a yerod wehs
fuf,i fjfikafka
iqmamdfoaù ( jpkh
isxy iSj,S ( Tn mshdfKda krfhl= fkd j jkfhys §
ug yuq jQ isxy rdcfhls' Tyq flfrys
rdc l=ußfhda m,¢;s we;s jQ fm%auh ksid uu rdc iem yer oud
rka ñ‚ nrKd fï jkfhys fjfiñ" orefjks'
isks÷ jia;% ye|,d rka
ñßjeä iÕ<d isxyndyq ( iskaÿj
mska ms~ jeks ud uE‚h
lshkq fkdj<yd isxyfhla fõ ud mshd
wehs o j,al,d fmdrjd ckaufhka ,;a fï wrkafka
f,k ;=< bkafka mqreÿ jQ jdfia iod
l=ußhla fõ udf. ujq
iqmamd foaù ( W;a;Í;r ckau ,oa§
Wreu jQ hi biqrgd
isks÷ jia;% ñ‚ wnrK ug o ysñ fõ jx. rdcHh
;=uq, ud,s.d m%n, krjr mrmqfrka
iqj| fndcqka iem ihkd l=ula foda fu mdfma f,fka fï úiSfï
ñßjeä iÕ<d fi;la foda

65
 hkag ±ka kï ldf, fõ fujka foa lshkagd
uE‚hka yd ke.‚ iu.ska fidfydhqrks fmïnrd
Wrefu wmf.a fidhñkd
jx. foafia fjfik ck;d isxyndyq (
flfrys fõ ud hq;=lud
l=ula foda fu mdfma f,fka fï úiSfï Tn fofok ud iu.
fi;la foda fkd wdfjd;a hkag fõ
Tn oud fï f,fka
isxyndyq" iqmamd foaù" isxy iSj,S ( ieye,s ug Wreu jQ Èúh
;¾.h ud fidhd hd hq;=hs
kefik ;=re fï f,fka
isxyndyq ( isáh uq;a wm mshd
wm iu. fkd tkafka
uE‚hks lSj Tn nia wid mqreÿ jQ jk jdfi
iksgqyka lr .;sñ yer oud lsis Èfka
fkdmud j hd hq;= h im, lr .; fkdyel
fï f,fkka Tn fofok Ôúf;a fï f,fia
ud iu. hd hq;= h
jk jdfi yer oud isxy iSj,S (
kr jdfi fidhñkd
wm fofok yg Wreu flfia fyda hd fkdyel
Ôú;h fï fkd fõ wef;a ;r lr jid
fodr f,fka uy .,sk
iqmamd foAù ( msh;=uf. reÿ ;=uq,
ndyq hqj<ska u ñi
fujka nia fodvkq lsu neß h fid,jkag th
Tn mshd yer oud hkag fkd is;kak ud
hd yels o fï f,fkka@ fidfydhqrks fmïnrd
wm ke;sj mshd Tn
<h me<S ueÍ hhs isxyndyq" iqmamd foaù ( ;¾.h
mqreÿ jQ jk jdfi
fuys iem; fkdiEfy o isxyndyq (
Tn mshd iu.skd
fuf;la l,a úkao ud@ ;=uq, .;ska od
ndyq fnf,ka od
isxy iSj,S ( fjñ fia ;soiska od
l=ßre .sðkaod
ud mshd yer oud l=Uq ;, iskaod
hkafk wm flf,i foda ,ñ fia flißkaod
j,g f.dia úvd ù ud msh ñ.s|d lrkd úl=uka
meñ‚ úg ke; flfkla wehs ug neß jkafka
wyr msi fokakgd
yqfol,d fï f,fka ;r lr .,skd we;s fodr ;Èkd
bkafk Tyq flf,i foda bj; oud fjfrkd
keoao fj; mshdKka uy fyK yçkd myrd ie‚kd
wdof¾ Tn yfoa fmr<ñ ndyqfjkd
66
iqmamd foaù (

fkdlrka tf,id msh;=uf.a wK

blauj,d mq;=fka
kmqrehs jkafka wm ieu fokgd
fkdlf<d;a lS f,iskd

isxyndyq (

mgye‚ fjkagd fkdj Tyq wKgd

fjk uÕ .e,fjkagd
fkdfmfkk l,gd ierfikq l=ugd
ud ±ka j<lkagd

^kslau hhs&

fmdf;a bkaksih
fia ßú ìïnd m;< f;o n,e;s
uyre
fuk rka geïnd ksii, .=Kfhka imsre
ukrï hq. nd § wyi Tijk hqre
fk úl=ï isy nd fmr¿fõ h .,a mqjre

iqmamd foaù ( iskaÿj

fõ reÿ fodaid l< fï foa

ud mq;= fkd;ld úmdfla
uqj m;a jQfha
ksh; úkdfia
fï fudfydf;a lsï lrfkï foda
uq<d ù u. fkdfmfka

hkakg fõ ±ka ieñhd yerd

jk jdfika fï mq;= iu.d
orejka fofokd
yg fi;a ,efnkd
u. Tiafia hd hq;= jkafka
fkdie,S lsis fuu fõf,a

foúhka ndrhs ud iñ|d

ud fj; fkdjkq h fldamd
orejka ikaod
lrfkï funkaod
isys fõ yeu l,a yo fidaflka
iud jkq we; jrod
^isxyndyq wdmiq meñfKa&
67
 isxyndyq ( jpkh

ud ., fmr<d f,ka fodr yeßh nj Tn okafkys h" ue‚hks' wjg f,dalh b;d ruŒh
fõ' lsisÿ ìhla is;g fkd kef.a' Tn yd ke.‚fhda o ud iu. hkag leue;a;yq kï
uf.a wêIaGdkh uqÿka m;a fõ' h<s;a is;d n,kq uekú'

iqmamd foaù ( jpkh

kqUf.a o kqU ke.‚hkaf.a o hym; ms‚i uu kqU mshdKka yermshd hkag iksgqyka
lr .;sñ' ud fufia lrkafka yo ;=< we;s uy;a fõokdjlsks' Èú ysñfhka ud tA
fõokdfjka fmf<k nj oksñ' huq orefjks'

isxyndyq ( jpkh

Tfí iksgqyk b;d fhfyls" uE‚hks" ke.‚h ud jï Wrysi u; o Tn ud ol=Kq

Wrysi u; o ;ndf.k fï f.dr;r jkdka;rfhka t;r jkafkñ'

fmdf;a bkaksih

mqreÿ mßÈ jkfhka fidhdf.k fkla f.dÿ re

ñÕsod ths if;diska fkd±k jQ fia kmq re
±l ., mfil jeà f,k ysiaj ;sì whq re
±ä fidúka f.di k.d jk fm; lrhs ±ÿ re
^isxyhd meñfKhs&

isxyhd isxÿj
.,a f,k ì|,d iqr;,a Èh‚h
f,ka fodr yer,d fud,leá jokska
isxynd isxynd isxynd ud ikikaksh
wyr msikaksh
ud fid÷r ud fid÷r ud fid÷r ljkaksh" fmdjkaksh
isxy iSj,S ud ms%h Èh‚h
.,a f,k ì|,d ud .ek ìh jkaksh
f,ka fodr yer,d jkfha ÿlla ù o
f.diska yeu fok wikaksh fidhkaksh
kef;a lsisfjla wE;a f.diska h
uu ±k .;sñ
uu iel lf<ñ wehs iqÿ ÿj‚h
isxynd isxynd isxynd kqUj;a fkd isáfh
fidfydhqrd kï
f,k ;=< fkd fj;s T<fud< .;s we;
fmr<d fkd t;s kqU fuka uqÿ ke;
uu ±k .;sñ uu iel lf<ñ Tyqf.a wKg o
lSlre jQfha
fmr<d tkafk o
Tyqf.ka .e,ù
68
fyKhla fia m;s; jQ wyiska f.dia fiÈk uu fidhfkñ jkfm;
ysi u;g fooreï § ish¨u .u rg kr le, yeisfrk
nujd u b÷rka w÷re lrñka
myßkd reÿre
lsï o fkd lshd hkag ldrKd fkdoks;s yirla kqmqreÿ t ;sfok
ù o uk fod< lsis;a fkd msreK meñfKk msßm; j<lkq flf,i o
ùo uk fod< lsis;a fkd msrE ud Èß we;s uq;a mq; krfhls .; uqÿ
f,dj ±l ke; wo jk ;=re lsis l,
úiqjd u iu. wd,fhkd
ore rejka fofokl= § ^kslau h;s&
ore rejka fofokl= § u fmïnr
wehs o wreÑ jqfKa

keoao orefjda ud flf¾ ,eÈ

Wkag udf.ka jQfh jro o
Wkag udf.ka lsïo jQ jrod

wNHdi

01' “orejkaf.a iqn isoaêh ;ld l%shd lrk ujlf.a pß;h iqmamd foaúhf.ka
ixfla;j;a fjhs'” mdvu weiqfrka ksoiqka iys;j úuikak'

02' NdId Ndú;fha § irÉpkaøhka olajd we;s olaI;dj" § we;s kdgH fldgi
weiqfrka úia;r lrkak'

03' “isxyndyqf.a pß;fhka ;reKhl=f.a woyia yd l%shdldß;ajh ukdj ms<sìUq

fõ” mdvu weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

69
 8 wÕ=,au,a oukh
.=re¿f.dañ
^fmdf<dkakre wjêh&
wudj;=r

nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a ‘mqßi oïï idrÓ’ .=Kh uq,a fldg f.k .=re¿f.dañ kï
mçjrhd wudj;=r rpkd fldg we;' .=re¿f.dañ mç;=uka úiQ hq.h ksYÑ
a ; jYfhka
u i|yka j ke;;a" úúO úoaj;a u;j,g wkqj Tyq isá hq.h fmdf<dkakre rdcH
ld,hg wh;a jk nj ms<. s efka'

fuys wka;¾.; mßÉfþo .Kk oywgls' bka m<uq mßÉfþo ;=k jk ÿ¾odka;
oukh" iajika;dk oukh yd mrika;dk oukh hkafkys jia;= ks¾foaYfha ±lafjk
mßÈ fndai;dKka jykafia fmreï oï msrE wjia:d ±lafjk cd;l l;djkaf.ka
wdrïN fldg nqÿrcdKka jykafia foõrï fjfyr ms<.s ekSu olajd jQ l;d" m%ldY
fõ' y;rjk mßÉfþofha tk .Dym;s oukfha § kej;;a jia;= ks¾foaYhla bÈßm;a
lrñka ‘mqßi oïu idrÓ’ .=Kh úia;r lrhs'

tA wkqj Wmd,s .Dym;shd;a" l+go;a; nuqKd;a" wcdi;a rcq;"a wx.=,u

s d,;a" iNsh
mßn%dclhd;a" iÉpl nuqKd;a" mdÀl mq;% È.ïnr ffckhd;a" iÉp noaOl cá,hd;a"
ndjßl ;jqi;a" YdlH NsCIqj;a" kkafodamkkao kd.rdchd;a" kd,d.sß we;a rcq;"a
wd,jl hlaIhd;a" rdyq wiqßkaøhd;a" nl kï nUyq;a oukh l< wdldrh wudj;=frys
±lafõ' fuys tk ‘kd. oukh’ kï jQ ody;r jk mßÉfþofha muKla fldgia
folla hgf;a ouk folla olajhs' tA kd. Yíofhka m%ldY jk kd.rdchl= oukh
lsÍu;a" kd. Yíofhka u m%ldY jk we;l= oukh lsÍu;a h'

wudj;=r rpkd lsÍfuys l;=jrhdf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;j = l=ulao hkak “fkdúh;a

yq§ ckka i|yd ish niska ud úiska iefLúka olajkq ,efí” hk m%ldYfhka
;yjqre fõ' tkï md,s ixialD; NdId kQ.;a idudkH ckhd i|yd ish niska ^isxy,
NdIdfjka& fuu lD;sh iïmdokh fldg we;s nj meyeÈ,s fõ' wudj;=r .%k: a fhys
NdIdj ms<n
s |j úuiSfï § mer‚ isxy, NdIdj o fnfyúka u Wmfhda.s lr f.k
we;s nj fmfka' isxy, l;d l,dfõ ixlaIms ;
a Í;sh ksrEmKh lrk lD;sh fuhhs'

wudj;=r .%k: a fhys y;ajeks mßÉfþofha we;=<;a jkafka wÕ=,u a ,a oukhhs'

wx.=,u
s d,f.a Wmf;a isg nqÿka irK hEu olajd l;dj tys wka;¾.; fõ'

70
wÕ=,au,a oukh

wÕ=,au,a fidryq ±uQ mßÈ lsfi he h;a( fldfid,a rcyqf. N¾. kï mqfrdays;hd ms‚i
uka;d‚ kï neñ‚ .í f.ke ? mq;l= m%ij l<d' Tyq ujq l=iska kslafuk l,e
ish¨ kqj/ wdhqO È,sK' rcqf. hykays ;=nq uÕ=,alvqj o fiiq wú ÿ È,sK' nuqKq
kslaue kl;a;re n,kafka fidrkl;ska Wmka nõ ±ke rcq lrd f.dia “ojia .sh fi
iqj ±@” hs ms<sú;' rc “ojia .sh fi fkdiqj he' ? ud f. uÕ=,a wú È,sK' rchg
fyd Èúhg fyd wka;rdh fjhs hk is;ska ks¢ fkd ,;aó” lS he' “uyrc" fkd nj'
ud f. f.ys l=ufrla Wmk' Wyq f. wkqNdjfhka f;dm f. u;= fkd fjhs" ish¨
kqj/ wdhqO È,sKe” hs lS he' rc t l,ays “lsfula fj@” hs mq¿jq;af;ka “fidfrla
fõ” hs lS he' “tl fidfrla fjhs fyd@ fndfyd fidreka f.ke rg myrkg ksis
fidfrla fjhs fyd@” hs lS he' “tl fidfrla fjhs" uyrc” hs lS he' tfi lshd ;ud
rcq is;a .kakd i|yd “Wyq ye/-mshqj uekeje fyd@ hs lS he' “tl fidrl= neúka
l=ï flfrhsæ ms<so.=j Wyq he” hs lS he' Tyq kï ;nkakdyq “ish¨ kqj/ È,sfhk
whqOfhd lsis flfklakg ysxid fkd l<y” hs ‘wysxil’ kï ;=nQy'

Tyq úh m;a l,ays ujqmsfhd Ys,am W.kakg ;lai,d kqjr kÕd-hjQy' fy O¾udkaf;jdisl
je Ys,am W.kaks' j;aimke" lS lS ±hla jyd imhhs" uk jvk kshdfhka yeisfrhs"
fmï jvk kshdfhka fnfKhs' fiiq orefjd msg;a jQyq' Tyq “wysxil udKjlhd wd
;eka mgka f.ke wems fkd fmfkïy' Wyq lsfi ì÷jïyæ” neKe-.kakdyq “yeu
fokd yg jvd kqjKe;s neúka ‘kqjK ke;af; he’ hs fkdlsh yelal' j;aimkska
‘fkdj;a imke’ hs fkdlsh yelal' ckau we;af;ka ‘wckauj;e’ hs fkd o lsh
yelal' l=ula lrïyæ” hs" “wdpd¾hhd wUqj yd iiÕ we;af; he hs ì|e-mshïy” hs
neKe-f.ke ;=ka /ila je m<uq we;eï flfkla wdpd¾hhd lrd t<ne je|e isáhdy'
“lsï o orefhks@” lSfhka “fuys wefik ±fhla we;s” hs lSy' “lsfule fyd@” hs
lSfhka “wysxil udKjlhd f;dmg jroaohs .;a;dïy” hs lSy' wdpd¾h Wkg ±yeje
“hg;aks" umq;= ud flfrys fkd ì|e-msháhdj” hs fk/-mShe' ‘wfkla jge wfkla /ie’
we;af;d wdy' wfkla jeg wfkla /ie we;af;d wdy’ hs ;=ka /ie ue we;af;d wjqÿ
t fi ue lshd “wm fkd yoyd kï f;ms ue msßlaid n,j” hs lSye'

wdpd¾h Tjqka ;ud ikd we;s je nKk fi ±le ‘weh yd Tyq iiÕ we;s fi he’ hs
ì£ ‘Tyq uró’ is;S' ‘bÈka Tyq uerefhï ùï kï" ‘Èidmdfudla weÿre ;ud lrd Ys,am
W.kakg .sh orejka fodia olajd urhs" lshd jgd,d Ys,am W.kakg tkafkd fkd
fj;s' t fi jkakd yd ug ,dN msßfyhs' t fi neúka Ys,am iuyrhg Wmpdr he hs
lshd ñksiaoyila urkakg lshñ' tldka;fhka thska tflla Tyq urhs” is;d “mq;e"
ñksia oyila uerej uekeje' t fi jkakd Ys,amhg Wmpdr l<d fõ” hs lS he' “wems
wkakg ysxid fkdlrk l=f,ys Wmkakïy' t fi fkdlg yelale” hs lS he' “Ys,amhg
Wmpdr fkdlrkakd M, fkd fohs" mq;e"” hs lS he' fy m[apdhqO f.ke wdpd¾hhd
je|e wgúhg je± wgúhg jokd ;kays ÿ wgúuOHfhys ÿ wgúfhka kslafuk
;kays ÿ isge ñksiqka urhs' ms<S wE lsis wh;shla fkd.kaks' ‘tflle" foflle’ hs
71
 .Kka u;= flfrñka fhhs' fu kqjK we; o" m‚jd lrkqjka is;a fkdmsysgk
neúka" l,a h;a h;a .Kkqÿ fkd o;' tflls weÕs,s lmd-f.ke ;nhs' ;=nq ;=nq
;eke weÕs,s kiais' t kiakd fi ±le weÕs,s ú± ud,d fldge OeÍ he' thska fy
‘wx.=,sud,’ kï he'

fy yeu wrKHfhys yir ke;s flf<' or m,d i|yd j,a hkakdyq ke;s'
? .ug je± mhska meye/ fodr .,jd-mshd tys fyd;=jka urd-mshd ‘tflle
foflle’ hs .eKef.k-fhhs' t l,ays .ïjeiafid .ï mshd f.dia kshï.ï jkayd'
kshï.ïjeiafid f.dia kqjr jkayq' ;=ka fhdckla ;kays ñksiayq f. mshd orejka w;e
f.ke f.dia ieje;a kqjr jgd l|jqre ne|e rdcdÙ.Kfhys /ia je “uyrc" ;d f.
rg wÙ.=,sud, kï fidfrla ú he” lshd lshd j,ms;a'

msh nuqKq ‘u ms;a jkafk fjhs’ is;d" ujqneñ‚hg “wÕ=,au,a kï fidfrla Wmk'
fy wfkflla fkd fjhs" ;S ms;a wysxil l=udr he' ±ka rc Tyq .kakg fhhs' l=ula
lg hq;af; he@” hs lS he' “hd ysñ" u mq;= f.ke t” hs lsj' “fid÷r" uï hkakg fkd
ksiafiñ' i;r fokl= flfrys úiajia ke;s( fidr ‘fm/ ud in|y’ hs úiajia fkd
lg hq;af; he' ;ud m<uq wf;dg yqka fld< ‘ud fm/ j<| .;af; he’ hs úiajia fkd
lg hq;af; he' rc ‘ud yd in|y’hs úiajia fkd lg hq;af; he' ia;%S ‘ug jYH he’ hs
úiajia fkd o lg hq;af; he” hs lS he' ujqka jkdys < fuf<la fjhs' thska fyd
“uï ue umq;= f.k tó” kslauqK'

t ojia nqÿyq foõrïys fjfiñka w¨hï iudys f,d n,kakdyq wÕ=,au,a fidryq ±le
‘ud .sh l,e Tyqg fi;a fjhs' .ï ke;s ;eke uy j,ays isáfh isjqmo.hla wid ud
flfrys meúð je rd;a fjhs' bÈka fkd .sfhï kï uj urd iißka fkd keÕsh yels
fjhs' Tyg iÙ.%y l< uekeje’ hs fmrjre iq.;a uymyq,a ye|e fmfrje kqjr je±
j<|d fjfyr f.dia Tõyg iÙ.%y lgeá je foõrñka kslaue wOkauÕ ms<smkayq'
tl,ays f.dka rlakdyq" jiaika rlakdyq" iykakdyq" .uka hkakdyq nqÿka tl,d je
nqÿ/ia fkd úys± jvkqjka ±le fkd ye¢ke “uyK" t uÕg fkd hd' t uÕe
wÕ=,au,a kï fidfrle" oreKe" f,fy uq~q w;a we;af; he" i;=ka flfrys l=¿Kq
ke;af; he" .ï fkd.ï flf<" kshï .ï fkdkshï.ï flf<" okjq fkdokjq
flf<" ñksiqka ur urd weÕs,s ú± ud,d fldge Orhs' uyK" f;, uÕg mqreIfhd
oi fok ÿ úis ;sia i;,sia mkia fok ÿ iel we;s je ikakoaO je j. j. je fh;s'
Tyq ÿ wÕ=,au,a fidryq w;e kia;S” lSy' nqÿyq Tjqka ;=ka h,la lsh;=ÿ fkd neKe
keÕS jeäfhd'

fidr ÿ t iudys ÿífNdckfhkqÿ ÿlaLfihHdfhkqÿ Wlg,s ù' Tyq uere ñksiayq

tllayq Wkq oyila fok he' fy jkdys “tll= úiska oyi imsfr”hs hk is;a we;s je
‘hulayq m<uq Èáï o" Tyq urd .Kka imqrñ' Ys,amhg Wmpdr fldge ±<s lmajd
kyd ms<s fmr<d ujqmshka olañZ hs wgúhg jokd ;ekg wjqÿ uÕska my je isáfh"
nqÿka ±le úiañ; je “fu uÕg mqreIfhd oi fok ÿ úis ;sia i;,sia mkia fok ÿ
72
iel we;s je ikakoaO je j. j. je t;s' Tyq ÿ ud w;e kia;s' tf;l=ÿ fyd;a fu
uyK tl,d je ud wNsNjñka fuka ths' fu uyKyq uerej uekeje’ hs lvq m,Õ
f.ke ÿkq yshjqr ne|e nqÿka mia mia ¨yqn|jñka fhhs' hï fi wÕ=,au,a fidr
nqÿka msfhú .ukska jvkqjka ne, mu‚ka Èfjkqfh yUd fkd .; fy o" t jeks
wêIaGdkhla fldf<d' ls fi he h;a( uyfmdf<dj keÕs ke`.S niakd r< fihska
Wyq we/ ny nyd isÜjhs' yS-ikla muK ;eka mshd fhhs' .sh l,e nqÿyq fmrg
uy;a wÙ.Khla olajd ;=uqyq uOH fj;s' fy wka;H fjhs' ‘±ka fudyq yUd-.kañ’ hs
ne, mu‚ka Èfjhs' nqÿyq t wÙ.Kfhys fl<j/ fj;s' fidr uOHfhys fjhs' fy
‘fu ;eke § Tyq yUd-.kañ’ hs fjf<ú je Èfjhs' nqÿyq tys fmrg j<la fyd f.dvla fyd
olaj;s' fu kshdfhka Tyq ;=ka fhdckla ;eka f.ke jeäfhd'

fidr la,dka; ú he' ñfhys fl< is£ .sfh' YÍrfhka iafõo niais' t l,e wÕ=,au,a
fidr úiañ; je ‘uï mQ¾jfhys Èfjk we;=ka ¨yqne| .ksï ue he' wiqka ¨yqne|
.ksï ue he' r: ¨yqne|e .ksï ue he' Èfjk uqjka ¨yqne| .ksï ue he' tf;l=ÿ
fyd;a uï fu uyKyq msfhú.ukska hkakyq ne, mu‚ka Èfjkqfhï yUd fkd
.; fyñ’ hs isge" nqÿkg “isg uyK” hs lS he' nqÿyq “uu isáfhñ' f;d o isg” hs
jodf<d' t i|e wÕ=,au,a fidr ‘fu iE uyKyq inõ lsh;s' fu uyK hkqfh ue
‘uu isáfhñ' f;d o isg’ hs fhhs' hï ldrKhlska fu uyK hkqfh ‘isáhd’ kï fj
o" uï isáfhï ‘fkd isáhd’ kï fjï o" t ldrKh ms<súie ne¨j uekeje’ hs is;d
“uyK" ‘f;d hkafkys" ‘isáfhñ’ hs fhys' ud isáhd yg ‘fkd isáhdy’ fhhs' f;d
lsfi isáfhys@ uï lsfi fkd isáfhñ@˜ ms<sú;a'

t i| nqÿyq “wÙ.=,sud,h" ysxid i|yd i;=ka flfr meje;aúh hq;= hï of~la weoao"
t yeu l,ays mshd laIdka;sffu;%she isá jk neúka uï ‘isáhd’ kï fjñ' fuf;la
oyia i;=ka urk ;d laIdka;sffu;%she fkdisá jk neúka f;d ‘fkdisáhd’ kï
fjys' ±ka f;d bßhjq úiska isáfhys o" ksrhe fyd isáys" ;sßika fhdkshe fyd
fm%;úIhfhys fyd wiqrldhfhys fyd isáy” hs jodf<d'

t l,ays wÕ=,au,a fidr nqÿka f. foYkd wid" ‘fu fjks isxykdofhla wfklla
yg jkafk fkd fjhs' fu uydudhd foúh mq;= isoaO;a uyKrcyq f. .¾ckd he'
uï ;shqKq kqjK we;s iïud iïnqÿka úiska olakd ,o nkafoñ' nqÿyq he ug iÙ.%y
i|yd fuhg jeähyZ hs is;d" “foõñksiqka úiska mqok ,o nqÿrc fndfyd l,la .sh
l,e ug jev i|yd fu uy j,g jeä he' fu ;eka mgka-f.ke mõ fkd flfrñ¦
f;dm f. ñhqre l:d wid he” hs ;ud f. m[apdhqO m%md;fhys nyd-mshd nqÿka je|e
meúc whÈ he' nqÿyq Tyqg tysNslaIqNdjfhka meúð ÿkay'

nqÿka fudjqka meúð lrk l,e ‘lr fijqj uekje mdisjqre fijqj uekeje’ hk
lsi ke;s fudyq mQ¾jfhys is,aj;akg wgmsßlr ÿka nõ ±ke “t" uyKe” hs ol=K;
Èla l<y' t ú.i .sysfjia w;=reOka ú he' uyKfjia my< ú he' Roaêuh md
isjqre YÍrfhys m%;suqla; ú he' fy ue Tyg meúð ú he' fy ue Wmimkalï ú he'
tysNslaIqNdjfhka Wmimkakdkg iÕ=ka f. Wmimkalï we;af; fkd fjhs'
73
 fufi nqÿyq wÕ=,au,a fidryq oud uyK fldge md isjqre .kajd-f.ke ießirñka
ieje;a kqjr f.dia foõrï fjfy/ jevfjfi;s' t ojia Tjqka ujq t jkhg f.dia
wg bianla muK ;ekska wka;ß; je “mq;e wysxilh" fldys isáfhys@ fldhs
yqkafkys@ fldhg .sfhys@ mq;e" ud yd fkd fnfKys fkd@” hs lshñka je± weú±
fkd ±l f.g .shd'

t l,ays uydckfhd fldfid,a rcq f. f.joafodr /ia je “uyrc" f;dm f. rg

wÕ=,au,a kï fidfrle" oreKe" f,uq~q w;a we;af; he" i;=ka flfrys l=¿Kq
ke;af; he" .ï fkd.ï flf<" kshï.ï fkdkshï.ï flf<" okjq fkdokjq
flf<" ñksiqka urd weÕs,s ú± ud,d fldge Orhs' Tyq j<ld” hs lshd uy yçka
ye~Qyq'

rc fkdfhla j/ “Tyq we;e‚fhka ;sre fldge .kafk he” hs we;=ka § hù he'

“wie‚fhka ;sre fldge .kafk he” hs wiqka § hù he' “r:e‚fhka ;sre fldge
.kafk he” hs r: § hù he' Tjqka f.dia t jgd-.;a l,ays Tyq keÕS “uu wÕ=,au,añ”
Yío lrkakd yd wdjqO fmr<kakg ksis tfll=ÿ ke;s' fy yeu fokd fldgd urhs'
we;ayq j,awe;a fj;s' wiayq j,awia fj;s' r: tys ue ;sî kiais' t l,ays rc uy
ckd f. .s.sßfhka “ud ue .sh uekeje' bÈka fidr yg mrdch ù kï" ¨yqne|e
.kañ' bÈka ug mrdch ù kï" i,ayq je m,dfhñ” mkaishla wiqka iod-f.ke
isjqrÕ fikÕ f.ke ieje;a kqjßka kslaue fidre flfr ìß is;ska fkdhdá jQfh o
.rykq ìfhka hkqfh ‘nqÿka ±le .sh uekeje’ hs foõrï fjfyr .sfh' l=ula is;d
.sfh h;a( ‘f.dia nqÿka je|e tl;amiaje ys¢ñ' ‘ljr fyhska ne< f.ke kslauqKqys@’ hs
nqÿka jykafia ud mq¿jqiakd oE he' t l,e uï lshñ' nqÿyq jkdys ug yqÿ mrf,dúka ue
iÙ.%y lrkakdyq fkd fj;s' fu f,dúkqÿ iÙ.%y flfr;a ue he' bÈka ug ch
fj kï" ‘uyrc" tla fidrl= i|yd ;d .sh ukd fkd fj’ hs jodrk oE he'
t l,e uyd ckfhd ‘rc fidre kikakg hkafk nqÿka úiska kj;akd ,o hkq
oka;s' t fi jkakd yd ud fkd .ry;’ hk is;ska fjfyr .sfh" f.dia nqÿka je|e
tl;amia je yqkafk he'

tl,ays nqÿyq “lsu" uyrc" ;g ìïir uyrc l=ms; úhe fyd@ úid,d uykqjr
jeis ,sÉPú rcyq l=ms; jQy fyd@ fiiq m%;smlaI rc flfkla l=ms; jQy' fyd@” hs
jod<ye' “jykafia ug ±yeú rc flfkla we;a;dyq fkdfj;s' ud f. rg wÕ=,au,a
kï fidfrle" Wyq .kakg fhó” lS he' t l,e nqÿyq “bÈka uyrc" f;d wÕ=,au,ayq
flfy nyd isjqre ye|e fmfrje meúð je m‚jd wE mõleñka úr; je tla fjf,
j<|d nUirjia /le is,aj;a je l,Koyï mqrd jikakyq Èáys kï" Wyqg l=ula
flfrys@ hs jod<ye' “jykafi" wema Wka j|ïy' ÿgq l,e yqkiafkka kefÕïy'
ys÷kd wiqka foïy' i;r mifhka Wmia:dk flfrïy” hs lS he' lshd ;nd" ‘nqÿyq
Tyq f. Wmks#Y%h n,d Wyq we/ meúð l<dyq jQyq kï" hy he’ hs is;d nqÿka msßlaikq
i|yd “jykafi" t ÿis,a múÜ yg fu n÷ iS,ixhufhla fldys fj ±æ” hs lS he'
t iudys wÕ=,au,a uyf;ryq nqÿkg kqÿre ;kays jevyqkakdy' nqÿyq ol=K;
kÕd"“uyrc" fu wÕ=,au,e” hs jod<ye'
74
t i| fldfid,a rc ìh m;a je fjjq,d .sfh' ;=nq uyckfhd ìh m;a je lvq m,Õ
oud-mshd t t oidfhys yS m,d kqjr je± fodr mshd-,d wÕ=¿ f.ke wg,a,g keÕS n,ñka
isáhdyq “wÕ=,au,a fidr ‘rc ud lrd t’ hkq ±ke m<uq wjqÿ foõrïys yqkafk he"
rcq .;" wems m,d wdjdfud Èú ,ÿïy” hs lSyq' nqÿyq rc yg Nh Wmka nõ ±ke
“fkd nj" uyrc" fkdnj uyrc fu ±ka lsysôhl= ÿ Èú fkd .<jhs' uqyq flfrk
;g Nh ke;S” jodf<d'
nqÿka fufi jodr;a ue rc yg Nh ikaysk' rc wÕ=,au,a uyf;reka lrd t<ne
“jykafi" wÕ=,au,a oE he fyd@” hs lS he' “t fi he uyrc” hs lS he' rc ‘meúðhkg
oreKq leñka ,o kï lshkq fkd fhfohs' ujqmshkaf. f.d;a úiska nejeyr lrkq
uekeje’ hs is;d “jykafi" f;dm msfh ljr@ ujq ljr@ hs ms<sú;' “uyrc" ud
msfh N¾. kï n%dyauK he' ujq uka;d‚ kï n%dyauŒ he” hs lSyq' “jykafi" wm
j;aysñfhd N¾.fhd uka;%d‚ mq;%fhd iiafkys wNsr; fj;aj hs" uï i;r mifhka
Wmia:dk flfrïj” hs lS he' lshñka ue nve n| i¿j we/-f.ke uyf;reka
mduq,e ;sî he' uyf;ryq ;uka f;f<ia cq;Õ iudoka je myq,aisjqre fmdfrdafkka
“uyrc" ;=ka isjqre iems/ we;S” lSy' rc nqÿka lrd t<ne je|e tl;amia je ys|e"
—wdYaph¾h heæ jykafi" woaN+; heæ jykafi" hï ;dla wodka; i;=ka ouk oE he'
wYdka; i;=ka ikays÷jk oE he' fkdmsßksú i;=ka flf,ia msßksjkska ksjk oE he'
jykafi" wems oçfhkqÿ ie;skqÿ i;=ka oukakg fkd yelalïy' jykafi i;=ka
fkdoçfhka ue fkdie;ska ue ouk oE he jykafi" wems hïy" fndfyd ld¾hh
we;a;ïy” hs lS' “l,a oke" uyrc” hs jod<ye' rc nqÿka je|e meol=Kq fldge .sfh'
uyf;reka l=,.ï isÕkakg .sh l,e ñksiayq Tjqka ±le fjjq,;a ue he' m,;a ue he'
fodrmshd-,;a ue he' we;eïyq wÕ=,au,a ku wiñka m,d j,g fyd jÈ;s' f.g je±
fodr mshd-,d w.=¿ fyd .ka;s' m,d fkd hd fykakdyq msÜ mE isgq;s' uyf;ryq
ir¿jla yUq ÿ flfKiaila n;= ÿ fkd ,efn;s' wyßka la,dka; fj;s' wyr
fkd,nkakdyq ‘kqjr kï i¾jidOdrK he’ hs kqjrg jÈ;s' hï fodfrlska jkayq o"
tys ñksiayq “wÕ=,au,a wh” hs l< oyia ì¢ñka m,;a' tla ojila wÕ=,au,a uyf;ryq
fmrjre md isjqre f.ke ieje;a kqjr jeoe" imokaieß jk neúka" f.ms<sfj<ska
flfKis wyr isÕkakdyq uQV.¾N je fkd jeÈh fyk ud.ul ±le lreKdfhka
lïms; jQyq Tjqka fm/ tllayq Wkq oyila ñksiqka urkakdg tl ojil=ÿ l=¿Kq
lsfi Wmka h;a( meúðn,fhka Wmka'
tl,ays wÕ=,au,a uyf;ryq wyrlsi fldge nqÿka lrd t<ne je|e tl;amia je ys|e
“jykafi" ieje;a kqj/ flfKis wyr isÕkqfhï uQV.¾N ud.ul Èáñ' weh ú÷kd
ÿla ug kqreiaiS” lSy' “tfi neúka f;d weh lrd f.dia ‘ud Wmka ;eka mgka-f.ke
±ke i;layq Èú fkd .e,ù kï t iiska ;sg ÿ .ng ÿ fi;a fjj’ hs iia lrd” hs
jodf<d' “jykafi" fy ug uqijd fjhs' ud úiska fndfyd i;ayq ±ke urk ,oy” hs
lSyq' “wÙ.=,sud,h" fy ;d .sysñksial,e' .sysñksiayq kï i;=ka urkq wdÈ flfr;s'
±ka ;g wd¾h kï cd;sfhla we;s' t fi neúka f;d zud Wmka ;eka mgka-f.ke heZ hs
lshk ;eke l=l=ia we;s úys kï" ‘wd¾h cd;she Wmka ;eka mgka-f.ke he’ lshd” hs
kÕd hjQyq'
75
 uyf;ryq “uekeje jykafi” hs thg f.dia “;uka iia fldge fi;a lrkakg
wd mßÈ lshd” hs hjQyq' ñksiayq jgd cjksld ne|e uyf;rkg cjksldfhka msg;e
mqgqjla ;=nqy' uy f;ryq bys jevys|e “ud wd¾h cd;Ska Wmka ;eka mgka-f.ke
±ke i;layq Èú fkd .e,ù kï iisska ;sg ÿ .ng ÿ fi;a fjj” hs iia l<y' t
iiaf;mq,a yd iu. vnrdfhka .=¿ Èhla fihska ore kslañ‚' Èms;a ujqkg fi;a ù'
uyf;reka ys|e iia l< ;kays ms<la l<y' uQV.¾N jQ ;sßika.;she i;ayq ÿ we/ tys
fydj;s' t ú.i ue iqjfhka nr uqis;a' hula ÿ¾n, o" f.ke tkakg fkdyels o"
wehg ms< foú Èh we/ ysie T;a l,e t flfKys u nr uqiS' fiiq frd. o ikays¢'
fu lm isgqkd fm<yrhs'
lsu fyd nqÿyq uyf;reka ,jd fjolï lrjQjd fj;s fydæ h;a( tfi fkd fjhs' lsfi he h;a(
uy f;reka ±le ñksiayq nd m,;s' Tyq flfKis wyr fkd ,Èka la,dka; je uyKqjï
lrkakg fkd ksiaiy' fu fi jkakd yd “±ka wÕ=,au,a uyf;ryq fu;ais;a ms<
,Èka iia fldge ñksiakg fi;a flfr;s” hs ñksiayq uyf;reka fkd nd t<eìhá
fj;s' t l,ays wyßka la,dka; fkd je uyKqjï lrkakg ksis fj;a' thska nqÿyq
Tjqka flfr wkq.%yfhka i;Hl%shd le/jQyq' iia fldge fi;a lrkq fjoaoï fkd
fj' uyf;reka “uyKqjï flfrñ” hs lugyka f.ke Wka l,ays wgúfhys ñksiqka
uere ;eka ue my< fjhs' “jykafi" ÿ.Sñ' fndfyd oreì,s÷ka we;af;ñ' ug Èú
foj” hs urK ìfhka j,makd mßÈ ÿ" w;a md imk mßÈ ÿ" wdmd;hg ths' Tyq
úms<sir we;s je yqka ;ekska keÕS fh;s' thska nqÿyq Tjqkg t cd;h wífndydßl
fldge “t fi jkakd yd fu úo¾Ykd jvd rd;a nõ .kaks” hs meúð jQ ;eka uq,a
fldge wd¾hcd;Ska i;Hl%shd le/jQyq'
tl,ays wÕ=,au,a uyf;ryq fkdmud je uyKqjï fldge rd;a jQy' uyf;reka flfKis
wyr isÕkakg kqjr jka l,ays lmqgq n¨ wd§ka fkrkd i|yd jgd ySikla muK
;kays hï ljr ÈYdNd.fhlska oud-Æ o~q myK yl=re wjq;a uyf;reka ue fj/
fyhs' Tyq uyiï is£ weg olajd nqka biska f, j.=rejñka nqka md we;s je ysKe'
ysreKq isjqre we;s je nqÿka lrd .shdye' nqÿyq Tjqka ±le “n%dyauKh" wêjdikd lrd'
n%dyauKh" wêjdikd lrd' hï lulayq f. úmdlfhka ii/ isáhfyd;a fkd tla jd
oyia iqjyia ksrhe miays t lïyq f. úmdl f;d fu w;aneje ú¢ys˜ jodf<d'
fuys i;a cjka is;ays l=i,a je fyd wl=i,a je fyd Wmka m<uq cjka is;a fu ue
w;aneje úmdl fohs' fu w;aneje úmdl fokakg fkd fmdfydi;a ù kï" úmdl
fkd fok njg meñfK' i;a jk cjka is;ska wk;=re w;aneje úmdl fohs' wk;=re
w;aneje úmdl fokakg fkdfmdfydi;a ù kï" jgd,d úmdl fkd fok njg
meñfK' t fofokd w;=frys mia cjka is;a wkd.;fhys hï lf,le wjldY ,o
kï" t l,e úmdl fohs' ii/ isgqkd ;dla l,e úmdl fkdfok njg fkd meñfK
fu l¾uhka f. úNd. O¾um%§msld kï uydfndêjxY mßl:dfhka okafk he' fy
nqoaOO¾uhe' fu nqoaOpß;he'
fu uyf;rkg jQ l, wk;=re w;aneje ÿ wkd.;fhys hï lf,le ÿ úmdl fok l¾ufhd
rd;aueÕska levqKy' fu w;aneje úmdl fok l¾u jQ l, rd;a njg m;dkg o fj'
76
thska t ù' t l,ays wÕ=,au,a uyf;ryq rfyd.; je jevys| M,iuj;aiqj ú|e thska
keÕS" nqÿka ;u yg jy,a jQ fi is;d fidïkia je Woka wkkakdyq-

“oKafvfkfl ouhka;s - wÙl=fiys lidys p"

woKafvk wifF:k - wyx okaf;dïys ;dÈkd”
hkdÈ .d:dfhka Woka wekQyq'
fufihska nqÿyq ;uka ‘mqßioïuidrÒ’ jk neúka wÕ=,au,a fidryq ÿ wdÈYíofhka
.;a iÙlsÉp kï fyrKmdKka w;ejeis mkaishla fidrekqÿ w;suq;a;l kï
fyrKmdKka w;ejeis mka ishla fidrkqÿ LdKq fldKav[a[ kï uyf;reka
w;ejeis mkaishla fidrekqÿ fl<orejka fl<lkaiqKq uyf;reka w;ejeis kj
ishla fidrekqÿ fu wE fkd tla ish fkd tla oyia fidreka oud wuduyksjka
meñKjQyq'
wÕ=,au,aouk kï i;a jk mßÉfPoh ksñ'

wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

remq;l= - rEm iïmkak mqf;l=
mq¿jq;af;ka - úpdf<ka
ms<soÕ=j - fmdaIKh lrj
j;a imk - j;a iïmkak
fnfKhs - l:d lrhs
iiÕ - iïnkaOh
Wmpdr - i;aldrh" mQcdj
wgúhg - jkhg
m‚jd - m%dK>d;
yir - yeisÍu
w;=gyqka - w;=rd yqka
wOka u. - §¾> ud¾.h
ÿífNdackfhkqÿ - kmqre wdydrfhka o
ÿlaLfihHdfjkqÿ - ÿla iy.; ks§u o
tllayq Wkq - tlla wvq
ms<s fmr<d - we֕ udre fldg
lvq m,Õ - lvqj yd m,sy
lr - ±<s msysh
lsi ke;s - ld¾h ke;s
m%;suqla; - ne£" me<£" t;S
we;e‚h - we;a fiakdj
ìß is;ska - ìfhka
fkdhdá jQfha - fkdhkq leue;af;a

77
 ne< f.ke - Nghka f.k
nUir jia - n%yaupdß j jdih
m%;smCI - úreoaO
lsyôfhl=ÿ - l=yqUqjl= o
wNsr; fj;ajhs - wef,;ajd
f;f<ia cq;Õ - oy;=kla jQ Oq;dx.
wodka; - fkd±uqKq
oçfhkqÿ - oKafvka o
ie;skqÿ - wúfhka
oukakg - oukh lrkakg
ir¿jla yUqÿ - le| yekaolaj;a
flfKiaila n;=ÿ - n;a yekaolaj;a
uQV.¾N - .eí uq<d jQ$ l=fiys yria j isák ore .enla iys;
ud.ul - .eyeksh
iiska - i;Hfhka
iialr - i;H l%shd lr
vnrdfhka - Èh f.k hEug .kakd Ndckhls
.=`M - .s,syqKq
wdmd;hg - wNsuqLhg
wífndaydßl - wej;g lreKq fkdjk" fkdie,lsh hq;=
yS ikla - úÈk yShla hk ÿr
wêjdikd lrd - bjikak
mia ys - meiS
m;dkg o - m;a jQjkag o
cjka is;a - .uka lrk is;sú,s
mq¿jqiakd - úpdrk" úpdÍu

wNHdi

01' wysxil oreKq ñkSurejl= jQfha ljr fya;= ksid ± hs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' wmrdOlrejkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajh ck Ôú;h wvd, lrk wdldrh wx.=,sud,

oukh weiqfrka idlÉPd lrkak'

03' wudj;=f¾e Ndú; NdId ffY,sh mdvu weiqfrka ksoiqka iys;j úuikak'

04' wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKhg wudj;=r l;=jrhd ±la jQ olaI;dj ms<sn| we.hSula
lrkak'
78
 9 W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;ayqf.a jia;=j
O¾ufiak ysñ ^oUfo‚ wjêh&
oUfoKs rdcOdksfha fojk merl=ï rcq oji rpkd jQ .%k:a hla f,iska ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh
ye¢kafõ' lD;sh wjidkfha l¾;D ikao¾Yk .d:dfjys “ioaO¾ufhys iaÓr meje;au leu;s
jk O¾ufiak kdysñfhda W;=ï ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh ,shy Q ” hs ±lafõ' ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh
rpkd lsÍfuys l;=jrhdf.a wruqK .%k: a wdrïNfha b;d ksrjq,j a m%ldY fõ'

“'''hï flfkla kqjK u`o j;a l=i,ÉPkaoh we;sj O¾udNsfhda.hg Wmfoia ,Èka nK
±k mska lue yeisr ksjka idod .ks;a kï tfia jQ mqreIhkag jev i|yd ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh
kï jQ m%nkaOhla lrïy'”

mQ¾úldfõ ±lafjk fï i|ykg wkqj ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh rpkd fldg we;af;a idudkH

fmdÿ ck;dj wruqKq fldg f.k nj meyeÈ,s fõ' ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh ,shd we;af;a
nqoO
a f>daI ysñhkaf.a OïumoÜGl:dj weiqfrks' OïumoÜGl:dj hkq Oïumo kï
.d:d ix.%yhg ,shk ,o md,s wgqjd .%k: a h hs' tu wgqjd .%k:
a fhys tla tla .d:djg
ksOdk jQ l;d jia;k+ a olajd we;' ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh rpkd lsÍu i|yd OïumoÜGl:dj
mßyrKh l< wdldrh o O¾ufiak ysñfhda ;u .%k: a fhys olaj;s'

“md,s l%uh yer w¾:h muKla f.k wm l<d jQ m%nkaOfhys l%u ú,x>Kdê jQ wvq jeä
we;;a th fkdi,ld'''”

fï m%ldYh wkqj ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh OïumoÜGl:dfõ mßj¾;khla fyda wkqj¾;khla

fkd j" tys wdNdih ,nd l;=jrhdf.a iajdëk yelshdj u; rpkd lr we;s nj
ms<.
s ekSu jvd iqÿiq h'

md,s l;d jia;k+ a uq,a fldg f.k isxyf,ka l;d lSfï ffY,sh y÷kajkafka nK
l;d Í;sh f,isk's nK l;d Í;sfhka rpkd jQ ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfhys l;=jrhdf.a
iajdëk;ajh biau;= ù fmfka' l;=jrhdf.a iaùh;ajh" ks¾udK Yla;h
s " l;d l,dj"
Ôú; mß{dkh wdÈh úfYaIfhka u fuu lD;sfhka u;= ù fmfka' fhdod .;a NdIdj o
fï lreKq ;yjqre lrjkakls' mKaä; m%h s NdIdj" f,dal jHjydrh fuka u
.eñ jHjydr NdIdj iïñY% lr .;a NdIdjla ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh rpkd lsÍu i|yd
Ndú; fldg we;' .eñ ck Ôú;h weiqfrka muKla fkd j" lú iuhg o wod< Wmud"
msre¿ Ndú; lsÍu o fï l;d rij;a ùug fya;j = ls'

we;eï úfgl flá jels Ndú; lrk O¾ufiak ysñfhda ;j;a ;efkl È.= jels
Ndú; lr;s' lreKq ksrjq,a j wjfndaO lr .ekSug th buy;a m%fhdackhls'
j¾Kkd;aul wjia:dj, § È.= jels Ndú;hg fhduq jQ nj;a l;dfjys
Ôj .=Kh wdrCId lsÍu i|yd we;eï l;dj, ixjdod;aul NdIdjla fhdod .;a
nj;a fmfka'

79
 O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;dj, olakg ,efnkafka ukqIH;ajh ms<sn|
idkqlïms; oDIaáhls' pß; ksrEmKfha § ydiHh" Wmydih fuka u wkqlïmdj o
fmr±ß fldg" pß; ;=< we;s ienE .;s ,laIK mdGlhdg jgyd §ug iu;a fj;s'

ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfhys wka;¾.; jk l;d jia;= ;=< ±lsh yels ,laIK lSmhls'

iEu l;d jia;=jla u bÈßm;a lsÍug m%:u tu l;d jia;=j ±laùug fya;=j l;dj
wdrïNfha ±laùu;a" l;dj wjidkfha oyï m‚úvhla ,nd §u;a" we;eï l;d ;=<
w;S; l;dj o bÈßm;a lsÍu;a ta w;ßka lsysmhls'

ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfhys tk 256 jk l;d jia;=j jk W.a.fiak kï isgq mq;ayqf.a

jia;=j fuys ±lafõ' l;dj wjidkfha tA weiqfrka ,nd fok m‚úvh jkafka —fï
is; ;nd wkqkag fy<d msßfy<d lSfuka ÿre úh hq;= hkakhs'˜ tys w;S; l;dj
jkafka nrKeia kqjr jeishka ldYHm nqÿrÿkag rka od.enla bÈ lrk wjia:dfõ jQ
isoaêhls'
;j o W.ks;;a ksrjoH Ys,amhla uq;a idjoH Ys,amfhka ftyf,!lsl m%fhdackhla
uq;a mdrf,!lsl m%fhdack ke;s kshdj y`.jkag W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;ayqf.a j;
lshuq'

fl fia o h;a-

kgl úoao;= mka ishfhla yjqreoafoka i uiska rc.yd kqjrg wjqÈka rÊcqrejkag
i;shla uq`M,af,ys fl<s mE fndfyda r;a rka ,efn;s' w;r;=f¾ ,nk iÙ.%yfha
muK ke;' fndfyda fok;a ueis u;af;ys ueis .iajd f.k fl<s n,;s'

tla ojila lUfha kgk tll=f.a ÿjla yqKo`vq w.l § kgk tlla Ys,am n,fhka
Wv wyi ilaukq;a flfrhs; kghs; .S;a lshhs' t ojia W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;a hd<Kq
flkl=ka yd iu. ueiaila u;af;ys isg wdi isg kgk ta úoao;a ÿjf.a ydjNdj ,S,d
±l jdfhdOd;ajdêl rEm l,dm úldrhla n,j;a kshd h hs fkd is;d wE flfrys
n,j;a jQ fm%u we;sj ‘,fod;a Ôj;a fjó' fkd ,fod;a ñfhó’ is;d f.k fkd ld
fkd î ye|g ke`.S ,d jeo fyd;a;dy' fo ujqmshka úpd< l,ays úoao;a ÿj flfrys
wd,fhka kshdj lsjq h' fo ujqmsfhda ta wid “mq;" f;, f,i lsÍu f;dmg;a wmg;a
;rï fkd fjhs' ;rï ;eklska irKla f.kjq;a mdjd foïy” ï lsjq h' W! fkd
.súisu;a u h' fkd .súiakd Wkaf.a hd¿jdKka o le|jd ,d uiqodila § ,d “f;,
wyi isg kegQ úoao;a ÿjf.a mshdg § ,d ;udf.a ÿj u mq;=kag mdjd fokag lshj” hs
lshd ,d hjQy'

úoao;dfKda o tA wid “u ÿj úl=Kkakd ke;' rka yer f.k fkd foñ' wmg;a rlaIdj
kï W! u fj o@ fkd ,fod;a ñfh;a kï ñh m%fhdack lsï o@ wm yd tla jkakd
u ÿj mdjd foñ” hs lsjq h' foujqmsfhda t mj; wid ì÷jkag is;d foda lSy' “tfia ù
kï uu Wka yd tla fjñ'” lshd ,d kEhka ishka fkd tla f,iska kej;=j;a is;d
.;a is;sú,a, msßueiQ nj uq;a ldßh fkd i,ld úoao;=ka <Õg .shy' úoao;dfKda
o" isgq mq;%hdKka okakd úoao;a Ys,amhla ke;;a tA foh fï foh w,ajd .kag jqj;a
iydhla jqjukd fyhska ÿj‚hka mdjd § ,d Wkq;a le|jd f.k rg uq`M,af,a fl<s
,¿ mE weúÈ;s'

80
ta úoao;a ¥;a fkd fnda lf,lska isgqmq;a yg mq;l= jod-mshd k<jk l, “.e,a
rlskjqf.a mq;” “nr Wiq,kakjqf.a mq;"” “l=ul=;a fkd o;a;jqf.a mq;e” hs lsh lshd
k<jhs' isgqmq;ayq o" .e,a r|jd ,d yqka ;ek § f.dkag ;K f.kjq;a ,;s' fl<s ,`M mE
weúÈ ;ek ,;a fohla hk tk ;ekg wÈ;s' t u ksid úoao;a ¥;a mq;= k<jk hï
úfgl t u lshhs' isgq mq;%hdfKda;a .Shla hula wksll= fkd j ;uka wrnhd lshk
kshdj ±k ,d “fï yeu ud wrNhd lshjq ±@” hs úpdf<da h' “tfia h" wksla ldg
lshï o@ f;dm u fldg weúÈkd lghq;= fyhska f;dm u wrNhd lshñ” hs lS h'
“f;dm ksid úoao;a jQjd u¢ka kmqre;a weiqj ukd o@ m,d fhñ˜ ìkSï yrjd .;
yelale hs is;d lS h' Ths;a “f;dm .sh uek" yqk uekj' f;dm l=ul=;a fkdokakd
;eke;a;jqkaf.ka ug lï lsï ±@” hs lshd ,d wjlmamkfhka ie¥ yiq ?k w,ajd weÈ
weÈ fia ÿjkakd fia t u lsh lshd mq;= k<jhs'

´ f;dfuda ;udf.a rE iïm;a yer f.k" isgqmq;%hdKka ;udf.a fld,a,l= fldg;a

fkd is;hs' isgq mq;%hdfKda o ‘uef.a fï wNsudkh uEg jvd iïm;a we;a;ka we;s
fyhska iïm;la ksid;a fkd fjhs' ;ud cd;s iïmkak fkd jk fyhska cd;shla
ksid;a fkd fjhs' rEm;a fyhska tA yd ;ud okakd Ys,am muKla ksid h' uE okakd
Ys,am;a W.;a fyhska uq;a ihxisoaO fkd jkafka fõ o@ wef.a tA nEjqï m,jd uu;a
Ys,am W.ksó’ uhs,Kqjka lrd f.diska ;uka iu¾: fyhska Wka okakd Ys,am bf.k
f.k mhs we§fuka yeÍ f.diska rg uq¿,af,a Ys,am mE f.k weúÈfkda" rc.yd kqjr
Wmka jeã kqjr fkd fõ ± hs ,Êcdfjka j<yd;a fkdmshd Bg;a wjq;a “fu ;kg i;a
jk ojia uu Ys,am olajó” W.a.fiak isgqmq;a kqjrg lshd hjQy'

i;a jk ojia fndfyda fok;a /ia j ueis u;af;a ueis ,d .;ay' W.a.fiak isgqmq;ayq o
ieg ßhka yqKoKavla ìu ys÷jd ,d yqKo~q w.g kexf.da h' tojia nqÿyq;a w¨hï
fõf,a f,dj n,k fiala yqKo~q w.g kefÕkakdg fmrd;= j ;uka jykafiaf.a
kqjK kue;s yqKo~q w. yqkakjqka ±l" jkafka l=ula foda fyda hs n,k fiala ‘isgqmq;a
f;fï Ys,am olajó lshd ,d yqKo~q w. isÜá' Tyqf.a keàï olakd ksid fndfyda
fok /ia fj;s' uu t;ek § .d:djla lshó' tA wid iqjdiQ oyila fok ksjka ols;s'
W.a.fiakfhda;a yqKo~q w. § u ry;a fj;S’ ±k jod< fial' tfia ±k" fo jk ojia
isÕd jvkd fõ,d i,ld ,d uyK .K msßjrd rc.yd kqjrg isÕd jka fial'

W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;a o nqÿka we;=`M kqjrg fkd jvkd f;la u fl<s ,`M n,kag
/ia jQjka fldlaika .ik kshdfjka weÕs,s mE ysÕs fldg ,d yqKo~q w. isg ,d
kslau isia wyi u i;a úgla fm;a;la fuka isiEÍ ,d nei yqK o~q w. isáhy' tA
fõ,dg nqÿyq;a kqjr we;=<g jvkd fiala /ia jQ msßi nj w. jqj;a isákg iu¾: jQ
;uka jykafia Èidj n,;a uq;a yqKo~q ieg ßhkla ú;r uq;a jvd Wv isákg n,
ke;s W.a.fiakhka Èidj fkd n,k f,ig bgd jod< fial'

W.a.fiakfhda;a ;uka mdkd fl<s ;uka u olakd muK uq;a /ia jQjjqka fkd n,k
kshdj ±k uqiqmamq j f.diska ‘yjqreoaolska iufilska wreuhla fia mdkd fl<s nqÿka
wjq;a fu ;ekg iïNj Tn u wuq;= j my< jQjd fia n,k nj uq;a fu kqjrg ud
wdÈfhka mdkd fl<s n,kafkda ke;' meiqKq f.dhï uq,a jQjd fia ÿla f.k W.;a
Ys,amh isia ù h’ hs is;+y' nqÿyq;a Wkaf.a woyia ±k uq.,ka uy f;reka jykafia
nKjd ,d “W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;%hdg Ys,am olajkag lshj” hs jod< fial' uy
f;reka jykafia;a f.diska -

81
 bÙ> miai kgmq;a; - W.a.fik uyín,"
lfrdyS rÙ.x mßidh - ydihhiaiq uydckx"

hk .d:dj jodrd nqÿka jod< fufyjr jod< fial' fl<s ,`Mfjys fhdokag nqÿka uy
f;reka jykafiag úOdk flf<a yehs o h; fyd;a( u;af;ys ´ yg jk m%fhdackh i,ld h'
W.a.fiakfhda o uy f;reka jykafiaf.a l:dj wid ‘nqÿyq;a udf.a Ys,am olakd
leue;s kshd jke’ hs i;=gq j yqKo`vq w. isg u -

‘bÙ> miai uydm[a[ - fud.a.,a,dk uysoaêl"

lfrdñ rÙ.x mßidh - ydihdñ uydckx’

lshd,d yqKo~q w.ska wyig keÕS ,d ;=ÿia úgla úpr wyi isiEÍ-mshd nei ,d yqKo~q
w. isáhy'

nqÿyq;a nK jodrk fiala “W.a.fiakfhks" fl<s ,`Mfjys we¨ï ;nd ,d .sh oji
meje;s mia lf|ys wd,h;a yrej' t u mia l| tk oji mj;akd we¨uq;a yrej' ±ka
mj;akd ialkaOhka flfrys wd,h;a yrej' t fia l<d kï fl<s ,`Mfjka ;nd cd;s
crd ur‚kq;a ñfoj” hs jod< fial' foaYkd fl<jr iqjdiQ oyila ú;r i;a;ajfhda
ksjka ÿgy'
W.a.fiak isgqmq;%hdfKda o lr’ . ry;a jkakd fia fkd jk nj uq;a yqKo~q w. §
ms<sisôhd m;a ry;a j yqKoKafvka nei-mshd nqÿka <Õg f.diska miÕ msysgqjd je|
f.k uyK lrkag wdrdOkd l<y' nqÿyq;a ol=K; Èla fldg ,d “uyK" fu fia
tj” hs jod< fial' tA fõf,ys ;=ka isjqre wdÈ jQ wg msßlr Ord" ieg jia .sh
uy f;r flkl=ka jykafia fuka wdl,am iïmkak jQ fial' jykaoE o “weje;aks"
ieg ßhka yqKoKafvka niakd .ufka Nfhla fkd ù ±@” hs úpdrd “wmg Nfhla ke;e
hs lS l,ays nqÿka lrd f.diska" “iajdóks" W.a.fiak f;ryq yqKoKafvka niakd .ufka
;ukag Nhla ke;e hs lsh;s' t f,i lshd ;uka ry;a kshdjla yÕj;S” lS fial' nqÿyq;a
“uyfKks" u mq;=ka jekakjqkag Nfhla fldhska ±@” hs jodrd n%dyauK j.ska .d:djla
jod< fial' foaYkd fl<jr fndfyda fok ksjka ÿgy'

t fyhska kqjKe;a;jqka úiska ksIam%fhdack jQ fl<s ,`M wdÈfhys we¨ï yer" ksjfkys
u we,au fldg" ;=ka ÿisßka ÿre j ;=ka iqisß mqrd u;= u;=fhys ,eìh hq;= f,dù
f,djq;=rd .=K úfYaIhg msysg úh hq;='
kej; tla ojila Oï fifnhs l:djla Wmojk fiala “weje;aks" ry;a jkag ksis
fu jeks mskla we;s flkl=ka úoao;=ka yd tla jkag;a ldrK lsï o@ ry;a jkag
ksis j l< mskq;a ljf¾ ±@” hs lS fial' nqÿyq;a tA wid jodrd “uyfKks" fï
folg u ksiai fldf<da uQ ;=uQ u h” hs jodrd" t u úN+; lrkakg “.sh oji liqma
nqÿkaf.a rka od .n lrk l,ays nrKeia kqjr we;af;da id,a n;a f.kajd f.k od
.n fufyjr lrïyhs hkakdyq w;=re uÕ § tla f;r flkl=ka isÕd .shjqka tla
l=, ÿj‚ flfkla ±l iuKkag “tla f;r flkl=ka jykafia isÕd jeä fial'
f.k hk .e,aj, n;=;a fndfyd j we;' n;a md;%hla ms<s.kajd .kag md;%h f.kj
uekje’ hs lsjq h' Whs;a fkd ue<s j md;%h f.kjq h' n;a md;%h mqrd ,d ia:úr
NslaIQkag ms<s.kajd ,d ‘ksjka ol=fudajæ’ hs m;d .;ay' Wkaf.a ok ms<s.kag iïn
jQfjda;a ry;a flfkl' t fyhska Èjiska n,kqfjda m%d¾:kdj f;, f,iska u
iuDoaO jk kshdj ±k iskd my< l<y' oka ÿka Wmdisldfjda o iskd my< l<d ±l
ldrK;a úpdrd fkd mshd iuKkag “uqka jykafia iskdjla iS-mS fial' úoao;a lfula

82
we;s jke” hs lsjq h' iufKda o “t fia fkd lshj” hs fkd lshd “t fia ieá h” hs
lshd" Wka lSjd u .súi f.k kslauqKdjq h' fï Wka fokakd l< lS lg hq;= h'
W! B wdhq mu‚ka isg foõ f,dj bmeo ±ka bka pq; j t" f,i ni lshd Æ ia;%S
úoao;a ¥ j Wmk' W.a.fiakfhda isgq l=,fhys bmeo;a úoao;a ieá he hs lshd Æ ni
.súis mufKlska ;=uQ fkd úoao;a j;a úoao;=ka yd tla jQ h' ry;a f;rekag § Æ n;a
md;%fhys wkqiiska W.a.fiak f;ryq ry;a jQ y' úoao;a ¥ o fufy‚ iiafkys uyK j
ry;a ùfuka ukqIH cd;Ska wvq j Wmk;a wd¾h cd;Ska iß jqj” hs jod< fial'
fï is; ;nd" wkqkag fy<d msßfy<d lSfuka ÿre úh hq;='

wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

kgl úoao;= - keàfï olaI
hd<Kq - hy¿
úldrhla - le<öula
fkd.súisu;a u h - tlÕ fkdjqfKa u h
wjlmamkh - jerÈ f,i ms<sfh, l<
mhs we§fuka - miqïì we§fuka
fldlaika - uy yçka iskd iSu
uqiqmamqj - lk.dgqj
ms<sisôhd - m%;sixNsOdk
^úYaf,aIKh fldg ±k.ekSfï kqjK&
iuKkag - ieñhdg
is-mS fial - iskd iqKq fial
jdfhdOd;ajdêl - jd;h wêl fldg we;s

wNHdi

01' O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;d lSfï l,dfjys úfYaI;ajh W.a.fiak isgq mq;ayqf.a
jia;=j weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' O¾ufiak ysñfhda ydiHh" Wmydih fuka u wkqlïmdj o fmr±ß fldg f.k
pß; ksrEmKh lrk wdldrh kshñ; l;d jia;=j weiqfrka úuikak'

03' “W.a.fiak isgq mq;%hd Ôú;fha wNsfhda. ch .;a wfhls'” isgqmq;%hdf.a pß;h
weiqfrka idlÉPd lrkak'

83
 10 lEr.,h jecfUhs fï f,iska isg'''
ùod.u ffuf;%ah udysñ
^fldaÜfÜ wjêh&

yxi ikafoaYh

fuh fldaÜfÜ rdcOdks iufhys ^l%'s j' 1412 - 1580& ijk mrdl%undyq rc oji
^l%'s j' 1415 § muK& rpkd jQjls' yxihl= ¥;hd lr f.k mKsjv q h hjk neúka
yxi ikafoaYh hk ku fh§ we;' l¾;D ms<n s | meyeÈ,s i|ykla ke;;a" fuys
rplhd ùod.u ffuf;%h a udysñ nj úoaj;=kf
a .a ms<.
s ekSu hs' nqÿ .=K w,xldrh"
f,dajev i`.rdj" oyï .eg ud,dj" t`M w;a;k.¨ jxYh" lõ ,l=Kq ñKsu, tysñhka
,shQ wfkl=;a .%k: a f,i ie,fla' fldaÜfÜ rdcOdks iufhys my< jQ m%lg
idys;HOrhka w;r ùod.u ysñhkag ysñ jkafka iqúfYaI ia:dkhls'

yxi ikafoaYfhys ksñ;a; jkqfha lEr., jkr;k ysñhka ,jd iuka" úNSIK"
Wmq,j
a ka yd l|l=ure hk foújrekag msß;a lshd mska §" tu.ska isß merl=ïnd rc
flfrys lreKdfjka fi; i,ijk f,i b,a,u S hs'

fuys tk mßir j¾Kkdjkaf.ka lEr., jekqu b;d wjHdc tlls' iajNdj

fi!kao¾hfhka wkQk wd.ñl miqìula iys; lEr., .ïmshi ¥;hdf.a isf;ys
i;=g jvjhs' ireidr fl;aj;a" ñysß
s m,;=re" .,d niakd isy,
s a c,fhka hq;a
we<fod<j,ska fu.ï mshi iukaú; úh'

lEr., hkq niakdysr m<d;g wh;a ishkE fldar<fha .`.nv m;a;f = õ msyá
s úYd,
.uls' fuh lEr., kï m¾j;hla wdikakfha msyá s fha h' fuu m¾j;fhys lrfld<
.ia ;snQ ksid lr.," lEr., ù h hs o l+r;ïm,d .ia ;snQ fyhska l+r.," lEr., ù h hs o
ckm%jdofha úúO woyia ths' rijdyskf s hys j;a:,
q mín; hk kñka i|yka jkafka
o lEr., nj mejfia' flfia fj;;a lEr., .ï mshfiys msyá s moaudj;S msßfjka
úydrh .fuys fN!;sl ÈhqKj q fuka u ck;djf.a wdOHd;añl ÈhqKj q o ixfla;j;a
lrjhs' pu;aldrckl mßirhla Ñ;%Kh lrk lEr., fjfyr jekqu ±lafjk meÈ
lsyms hla fuu mdvñka bÈßm;a flfrhs'

84
 1' id r m,h wU oU rU o j,a msg
ó r c,h we< fod< l÷ msáka ng
kE r f,d,h jvjk ÿgq okka yg
lE r .,h jecefUhs fï f,iska isg

oU - cïnq j,amsg - jkdka;rfhys

w¾:h
idrj;a M,j,ska hq;= wU cïnq flfi,a .iaj,ska msreKq jk ìï o l÷j,ska .,d
nisk ñysß Èh msreKq we< fod< wdÈfhka o hq;= ^tajd& olsk ck;dj yg fndfyda
fihska wdYdj we;s lrjk lEr., fufia úrdcudk ^nn<ñka& fjhs'

2' l=<ska l=<u isys,ZU jefyk l÷reh
fod<ska fod<u l,a h,a lrk l=Uqreh
m<ska m<u ;,a fmd,a f. j;= ue÷reh
;<ska ;<u mq,a mshquqZmq, mf~reh

l=<ska - m¾j;" l+g" l÷ isys,ZU - isys,a¬wU ^iS;, c,h&

l÷re - Èh mdrj,a ;<ska - ;vd." ú,a
mf`vr - iqÿ fk¨ï
w¾:h
l÷ uqÿkla mdidu isys,a c,h jEfyk Èh mdrj,a h' iEu fod<la wi, u l,a h,a
n,d ^h, uy folkakh u& j.d lrk l=Uqre h' ;ekska ;ek ;,a .ia o fmd,a .ia o
iys; f.j;= yd úYd, f.j,a h' ú,la ú,la mdid u msmqKq fk¨ï" udfk,a yd iqÿ
fk`Mï h'

3' mefihs ksn| iqj`±,a fl;a j;a wjg

wefihs <ud jiqmeáhka y~ ÿrg
Èfihs fjfyr tys iqr úukla f,ig
rfihs wud riuh tA mshi ÿg

iqj|e,a - iqj|¬we,a ^we,a ù j¾.hls& Èfihs - oDYHudk fjhs" fmfkhs

wudri - wuD; rih rfihs - ri ¬ ths ^rihla ths ±fkhs&
w¾:h
yd;amiska u ks;r fl;aj;=j, iqj|e,a kï ù j¾.h mefihs' l=vd jiq megjqkaf.a
kdoh ^y`v& wE;g wefihs' tys úydria:dkh ÈjH úudkhla f,ig fmfkhs' ta
m%foaYh ÿgq úg wuD; rihla ys;g ±fkhs'

³ fuys i|yka fjfyr" lEr., moaudj;S msßfjka úydrh hs'

85
 4' ksn| meiS m, ,U fok ñysrZUh
iqj| úyso isá ú,sl=ka leka rUh
fkdu| ;ekska ;ek j¨ nr jkrUh
tueo fjfyr È,s ÿr ,k iirnh

,U fok - t,af,k ñysrZ U - ñys߬wU

ú,sl=ka - bÿKq rUleka - flfi,a leka
jkrU - jk flfi,a" j,a flfi,a
w¾:h
ksrka;rfhka u meiS f.ä t,af,k ñysß ^uOqr& wU o iqj| úysÿjkakd jQ bÿKq
flfi,a leka o wvqjla ke;s j ;ekska ;ek j¨nr jQ j,a flfi,a ^jk flfi,a& o
olakg ,efnkakd jQ tu m%foaYh uOHfhys ixidr nh ÿr,kakd jQ úydrh nn<kafka h'

5' ñyZU uqj u~, fuka Èf,k yeu úg

ÿ,n biqre msß ieÈ tA fjfyr isg
lsrU fmdl=re ó ri ,en fndk f,ig
krU ñ;=r ;f. fk; is; i;=gq fldg

ñyZU - ñys¬wU } uyS ldka;dj" ñys l; lsrU - ls߬wU } lsßj;=r

fmdl=re ó - mqIamlr uÿ" mshqï meKs
w¾:h
ñ;%h" uyS ldka;djf.a uqyqK fuka ks;r nn<k b;d ÿ¾,N biqßka ^iïm;ska&
msreKq ta úydrfha isg lsß Èh yd u,a meKs ,eî fndkakdla fuka Tnf.a fk;a is;a
i;=gq lrñka ^ta úydrh& krUkak'

6' Èuq;a fjfyr jg úis;=re u,a j;=h

tys;a iqj| u,a ks;s fjhs ñKs uq;=h
uy;a ;=re ñhqre m, f.k keñ w;=h
/.;a fijK fkd yeru isá fmd,a j;=h

fjfyrZjg - fjfyr¬wjg
ñKsuq;= - uKs uqla; ^fldmqfjka ñÿKq& msmqKq hk w¾:h hs'
uy;a ;=re - úYd, .ia

w¾:h
§ma;su;a ^nn<k& ta úydrh wjg úÑ;% jQ u,aj;= h' ksrka;rfhka tys iqj| u,a
msfmhs' úYd, .iaj, rij;a M, ie§ w;= keó we;' tfuka u ks;r u fijK
fokakd jQ fmd,a j;= o iys; h'

86
 7' fkdfhla ;ek u msms u,a msreKq fmdl=Kqh
f.hla lk u ie±fyka fojk ol=Kqh
iqola f,i ;sfnhs u¿ ux yer l=Kqh
ishla wh flfr;s je| mqo meol=Kqh

f.hla lk u - fuys zlkZ hkafkka iQpkh jkafka fl<jr" fldk" uq,a," Èidj
hk w¾:hka h' fï wkqj f.hla mdid u hk w¾:h ms<s.; yels h' zms<slkakZ jeks
.eñ jHjydrhl o wmg fï w¾:h y÷kd .; yels h'
w¾:h
fkdfhla ;ekaj, msmqKq u,aj,ska msreKq fmdl=Kq h' iEu f.hla foi u Y%oaOdfjka
fok olaIsKh ^odkh h&' ñÿ,a yd ud¾. ^mdrj,a& l=Kq li< bj;a lr msßisÿ j iqÿ
meyefhka ;sfnhs' ish .Kkla msßi je£u ms§ï m%olaIsKd lr;s'

8' kqÿre je isys,eZ ,S h .`.=,eZ ,S h

jg ieÈ u,a je ,S h iqÿ je,S h
msms jk isá u ,S h jk u,S h
;=gq jk is;s ú ,S h mq,a ú,S h

isys,eZ,Sh - b;d YS;, .`.=,eZ,Sh - Èh we,s

jg - wjg mq,a ú,Sh - msmqKq u,a we;s ú,a
w¾:h
^fjfyrg& wdikakfhys YS;, Èh we,s h' wjg u,a ieÿKq u,a je,a yd iqÿ je,s ;,d
h' msmqKq mßoafoka u mj;sk u,a we;s jk u,a h' i;=gq is;sú,s we;s lrjk msmqKq
u,a we;s ú,a h'

9' mjkZ o msms ;= f¾ h ksr ;=f¾ h

l=iquka fm;s ;= f¾ h u¿ ;=f¾ h
wjg iqmsms iS f¾ h ìÕ= if¾ h
is; tfjfyr fl f¾ h f,dn flf¾ h

mjkZo - mjka¬wo ^iq<`. wjq;a& if¾ h - ú,aj,

ì`.= if¾ h - NDx. kdoh
w¾:h
iq<`. weú;a ksrka;rfhka u,a msmqKq .iaj, u,a fm;s u`Mfjys w;=rjhs' yd;amiska
u,a msmqKq ú,aj, ó ueis kdoh wefihs' ^weiq ÿgq& whf.a is; ta fjfyr flfrys
wdidj we;s lrhs'

87
 10' ÿgq i; is;g ;=gq jk f,ig ks;sfhks
i;rZ; tlg iu lr fnr weila fuks
meyem; iqo fkdy< je,ss w;=< u`M ;eks
ñysl; i|kZf,õ ÿka Wr u~, jeks

iqo fkdy< - iqÿ mdg w;a fkdy< ^iqÿ meyeh iys; nj lshQ wkaou hs&'
je,s w;=< u`M ;eks - je,s w;=rk ,o ^úydr& ñÿ,a
i|kZf,õ ÿka - i÷ka¬wf,õ ÿka' pkaok wdf,am fok ,o
Wr u`v, - Wr m%foaYh

w¾:h
olsk ckhdf.a is;g ks;H jYfhka u i;=gq we;s jk f,i i;r me;af;ka u tlu
wdldrhg fnr weila fuka iu;,d lr iqÿ meye;s ,iaik je,s bi we;s ^úydr&
ñÿ, uyS ldka;djf.a i÷ka wdf,am l< Wr m%foaYh fuks'

wNHdi

1' iem iïm;ska wdVH bmerKs .ul f;dr;=re lú mka;sfhka bÈßm;a lrk
wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2' fï mdvfï tk mßir j¾Kkdj, úÑ;%;ajh w.h lrkak'

3' yxihd olsk pu;aldrckl .ï mshfiys wisßh úia;r lrkak'

4' yxi ikafoaY l;=jrhd w¾: rih fuka u Yío rih o uekúka fhdodf.k
we;s wdldrh lú mka;sh weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

5' .u iy mkai, w;r we;s wka;¾ iïnkaO;dj lúhd úia;r lrk whqre
úuikak'

88
 11 u. úis;=re
f;dg.uqfõ Y%S rdyq, ysñ
^fldaÜfÜ wjêh&
ie<,sys‚ ikafoaYh
lsisjl= ¥; fufyjfrys fhdod ikafoaYhla fyj;a wiakla ksYÑ a ; ia:dkhlg hjk
fia rpkd lrk ldjH úfYaIh ikafoaY ldjH kñka ye¢kafõ' isxyf,ka ,shk
,o fndfyda ikafoaY ldjHj, ¥;hd jQfha mlaIf s hls' ixialD; idys;H úpdrlhka
bÈßm;a lr we;s ikafoaY wdlD;sh isxy, ikafoaYlrejka o fndfyda ÿrg wkq.ukh
lr we;' l:d kdhlhd fyda kdhsldj fyda m%ios Oa mqo.
a ,hl= ùu" wdYS¾jdoh" ¥;hd
j¾Kkd lsÍu" hd hq;= ia:dk ±laùu" ud¾. j¾Kkd lsÍu" ikafoaYh bÈßm;a lsÍu
jeks ,laIK ta w;r m%Odk fõ'

isxy, idys;H jxYfhys ±kg olakg we;s mer‚;u ikafoaY ldjHh jkafka
.ïfmd< hq.fha ,shjqK uhQr ikafoaY ldjHh hs' tfy;a isxy, ikafoaY ldjHfha
b;sydih bka fndfyda Tíng Èfjhs' iso;a iÕrdfõ tk ‘fudkß÷ tl,ays mq,a
i,.e kjd .kS’ ‘l,jka ìÕ== uy;a j; ysre y;a j;’ hk mdG mqrdK .S uhQr
ikafoaYhlska .;a nj iso;a iÕrd merKs ikakfia ±lafõ' isßkd. kue;a;l= úiska
iS.ß
s legm;a mjqf¾ ,shd we;s"

‘jkaÈñ ysñ j,d - f;d f.diska weh ksfjiakg

msßnqka m.d u,hq; - Èfjdg f;d yoyj lsh lshhs’

hk .Sh jeys j,dl=<la w; ish fmïj;shg hefjk yiakla fia ,shjqKls' fuh o
ikafoaY iajrEmhla .kS' flfia fj;;a ikafoaY ldjH b;sydifhys m<uqjrg
ikafoaYhla rpkd lrk ,oafoa Ndr;fha úiQ uyd lú ld,sodihka úisks' Tyq o
¥;hd jYfhka f;dard .;af;a jeys j,djls'

isxy, ikafoaY ldjHhkaf.a iaj¾Kuh hq.h fldaÜfÜ rdcOdks hq.h hs' yxi"
ie<,sysKs" .srd" fldals," mfrú jeks m%isoaO ikafoaY ldjH /ila fï hq.hg
wh;a h' ful, rc l< ijk merl=ï rcq idys;Hhg ±lajQ iqúfYaI odhl;ajh
idys;H m%fndaOhg msájy,la úh' ;j o" fldaÜfÜ hq.fha Ôj;a jQ idys;HOrhkaa
ks¾udKlrKh Wfoid oelajQ lem ùu o lemS fmfka'

nqÿ.=K w,xldrh" f,dajev iÕrdj yd yxi ikafoaYh ,shQ ùod.u uyd ffu;%S
ysñfhda o" .=;;
a ,
s h ,shQ jE;a;Efõ ysñfhda o" ie<,syK
s h
s ,shQ f;dg.uqfõ YS% rdyq,
ysñfhda o tl, úiQ m%ios O a idys;HOrfhda fj;s'

89
 ie<,sysKs ikafoaYh ,shqfõ f;dg.uqfõ úchnd msßfjkam;s ;s%msgl jd.SYajrdpd¾h
IâNdId mrfïYajr f;dg.uqfõ YS% rdyq, ysñhka nj ie<,sysKs ikafoaY mqrdK
ikakfhys ±lafõ'
ixialD;" m%dlD;" ud.ë" wmN%xY" ffmYdÑ yd fY!rfiaks rdyq, ysñ ±k isá
IâNdId fõ' mfrú ikafoaYh" ldjHfYaLrh" ie<,sysKs ikafoaYh" mxÑld m%§mh
yd nqoaêmamidÈksh hk lD;s rdyq, ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,È'
l|jqre l=, ue÷re ñKs myfkõ iqie§
keK.=re ini iuh o ±kqfuka fjd/|S
rc.=re úchnd msrejka ysñ meye§
fuñhqre m±;s ie<,sysKsh wiak fh§
ie<,sysKs ikafoaYfhys l;= ysñhka .ek i|ykla ke;s jqj o by; lúfhka rdyq,
ysñhka úiska ie<,syK
s hs ,shk ,±hs ie,lsh yels h' ie<,syKs s ikafoaYh rdyq,
ysñhkaf.a Wiia u ldjH ks¾udKh nj idys;Hldñkaf.a u;h hs' ie<,syK s hs
,sùfï wruqK jkafka ijk mrdl%undyq rcqf.a lksgq ÈhKshka jk f,dalkd:d
^W,l=vh& foaúhg mq;a l=ufrl= ,nd fok f,i b,a,ñka le,Ksfha úNSIK
foúhkag lrk wdhdpkhls' mrdl%undyq rcqg rdcH;ajh mejÍu i|yd mq;a l=url=
fkd ùu Bg fya;j = hs'
moH 108lska iukaú; ie<,syK s s ikafoaYfha wdrïNh fiiq isxy, ikafoaY ldjHj,
fuka u zhy.SZ úß;ska ,shjqKq ¥; wdYS¾jdohls' blaì;s oi mo ieye,a,lska flfrk
¥; j¾Kkhls' t;eka isg ish¨ u lú iuqøf>daI úß;ska ,sheù we;' rdyq, ysñhkaf.a
m%;N
s dmQ¾K lú;ajhg ksoiqka imhk ie<,syK s h
s w;sYhska pu;aldrckl iajNdj
fi!kao¾h j¾Kkdj,ska hql; a h' tys u. jekqïj,ska f;dard .;a lú lsym s hlska
fï mdvu ieliS we;'

1' iq r r o iuka iu.ska iqrZÕk t jr
meye k o uodrd mri;= u,a m;r
ler mq o j¢k /¢ uqks isß md ;Ur
ils i | fmfka iufkd< ., kef.k ysr

iuka - iuk< wvúhg wêm;s iquk iuka ÈjHrdchd

meyeko - meyeka¬wo meyefhka wd¾ø fyj;a f;;a jQ ^j¾Kj;a&
uodrd mri;= - iqr f,dj we;ehs lshk u,a j¾. folls'
isßmd ;Ur - nqÿka jykafiaf.a YS% mdoh fk¨ï u,la f,i olajd we; ^jeks" tõ
wdÈ ksmd; mohla rys; fun÷ .e<mSï zrEmlZ kï fõ&'

w¾:h
W;=ï jQ ñ;%h" ta ld,fhys iquk iuka ÈjHrdchd ÈjHdx.kdjka yd tla j j¾Kj;a
^meyefhka hqla;& uodrd yd mri;= hk u,a iuQyh mQcd fldg j¢kq ,nkakd jQ
nqÿkaf.a YS% mdoh /÷Kd jQ iufkd< ., kef.kysr foiska fmfka'
90
 2' . fka ñKs nene<s lsrfKõ i;mdh
r fka hgZ. iejq,s÷ oo .<mdh
w fka ,lr l< mqr wm krmdh
fm fka ol=Ke uyfika foõ ro mdh

lsrfKõ - lsrK¬tõ ^lsrK jeks&

i;mdh - zmdo ishhla we;af;aZ hk woyiska ‘i;md’ hkqfjka iQ¾hhd kï flf¾'
fuys mdo hkq" iQ¾hhdf.ka úysfok rYañ Odrdjka h'
uyfika - uy;a ÈjH fikÕla we;s neúka fï ku fhfoa' l;r.u foú" ialkaO
l=udr" ld¾;sflah hk kïj,ska o fï foõ rc ye¢kafõ' fï foõ rcg
uqyqKq ihls" w;a fod<ils" fudkr jdykhls; fldäfhys l=l=¿ rejls'

w¾:h
iQ¾hhdf.a rYañ jeks jQ >k udKslHfhka nen¿Kd jQ o rkska l< ßá fl<jr
l=l=`M rej iys; fldä ne| wfkald,xldr lrk ,oaod jQ uydfiak foajrdchdf.a
m%didoh wm rcqf.a k.rfhys ol=Kq miska fmfka'

3' j, ¢k woyiska fuka iqr .Õ wÕk

k, n, ii, o< r< fm< kqn kefÕk
fj, <i .ejeis uq;= ila mn`M nn<k
n, uy uqyqo tu i|e W;=ßka fmfkk

j,¢k - je,|.kakd
iqr.Õ - wyi

w¾:h
wyia .Õ kue;s ia;s%h je,`o.kakd woyiska fuka iq<fÕa fõ.fhka pxp, jQ r<
fm< wyig kef.kakd jQ fjrf<ys uq;= ila iy mn`M nn<k ta fõf,ys W;=frka
fmfkk uy uqyqo n,kak'

4' i ka k ka isyska f.¢ fijK¨ je,s f;f,k

;e ka ;e ka j, u ie;emS ishque,s neúk
r ka j ka lr,a f.ke tk .srjqka w;sk
h ka u ka f;diska uÕ f;dr;=re kshu ±k

ika - .ejiqKq" hqla; jQ

kka - fndfyda
uka f;diska - isf;a i;=áka

91
 w¾:h
fndfyda ySka f.kao .iaj, fijKe,af,ka hqla; jQ je,s ;,dj, ta ta ;ek kej;S
^Tn& ishque,s ksid úfõl f.k rkajka ^ù& lr,a f.k tk .srjqkaf.ka .uka ud¾h
.ek kshu f;dr;=re ±k f.k i;=áka hkak'

5' ks, ;=rÕ=g kefÕñka ßú foõ isßk
ÿ, le/ fiai;a ñKs nrK lsrKsk
n, msß fika iy hdmd mgqka f.k
n, fiakdkdhl imq l=ure tk

ks, ;=rÕ= - ks,a ^l`M& meye wYajhd ^ldjH f,dalfha l¿ meyehg ks,a hehs
fhfohs' ‘ks,a jr,i’ hkafka ‘ks,a’ o fï w¾:fhks&'
ÿ, lr - nn<jñka
hdmd mgqk - hdmkh
imqu,a l=ure - ijk merl=ï rcqf.a mq;% ia:dkfha jevqKq l=udrfhls' ijk
mrdl%undyq rcqf.a wNdjfhka miq W,l=vh foaúhf.a mq;a chùr
mrdl%undyq rc úh' Tyq urd ijk nqjfklnd kñka rc njg
m;a fudyq kj jirla muK rdcH lf<a h'
fiakdkdhl - fldaÜfÜ hq.fha fiakdêm;s ye¢kajQfha fiakdkdhl kñka h'

w¾:h
iQ¾h ÈjH rdchdf.a wdldrfhka l`M ^ks,a& wiq msg ke.S" ueKsla wdNrKj,
ldka;sfhka fiai; nn<jñka" hdmd mgqk ch f.k n,fhka msreKq fiakdj iu.ska
tkakd jQ fiakdêm;s imqu,a l=udrhd n,kak'

6' w. msms u,a u,s.sh ,sh lef,ahd

j. ne|e fyk rc yi mq,a úf,ahd
<Õ ;=re u,a .s,syqKq frdkjqZf,ahd
uÕ nei hj m< fy< je,s f;f,ahd

u,s.sh - boao" ud,;S

j. ne`o - rxpq .eiS
rdcyxi - mshdm;a ;ks iqÿ meyefhka o fydg yd mdo ;eô,s meyefhka o hq;a
yxi j¾.h fukñka ye¢kafõ'
frdkjq, - frdka¬wjq," ^u,a& frdka .ejiS .;a

w¾:h
uqÿfkys u,a msmS we;s boao je,a le,fhka hq;a" rdc yxihka rxpq msáka niskakd jQ"
u,a msmqKq ú,aj,ska hq;a" .iaj, u,aj,ska .s,syqKq u,a f¾Kq .ejiS .;a meyeÈ,s iqÿ
je,s ;,dfõ u.g nei hkak'

92
 7' whs rdjK jqj;a kj;k ßiska tk
whs rd oyia È,s ÿkq fld;a ism;a f.k
lhs ldjf,ys ±le fin`Mka /l isák
jhs hd lrka u,a ;=re .k jk ysisk

whsrdjK - ftrdjK" ila foú`ÿf.a we;d

whsrdoyia - whsrd hkq wêl hkak hs" oyilska wêl hk f;areu
ÿkqfld;a - ÿkq yd l=ka; ^l=ka; hkq wekSug .kakd wdhqOhls&
ism;a - wism;a
jhs - fjhska" fõ.fhka" jyd
hd lrka - hd;%d lrkak" mshdir lrkak

w¾:h
bÈßhg tk whsrdjK we;d jqj;a kj;ajk woyiska" oyilg jeä È,sfik ÿkq o
l=ka; o lvq o /f.k lhsldj, kï ia:dkfhys uqr lrk fin`Mka ±l" u,a .iska
.yk jQ jkhg Wäka jyd mshdir lrkak'

8' ksu,a i| myka jeks je,s msg Wÿ<

iqmq,a u,a hyka ,sh u~q ,sh f. fm<
tl,a fl<k jk foõ ,sh ±le fldu<
<i,a refll ie;efmj <m¨ isys,Z<

,sh u~q - ,;d uKavm

,sh f.fm< - by<ska je,a t;S f.j,a fuka iEÿKq wdjrK ia:dk
< i,a refll - <d ^fkdfïrE$;reK& i,a .il
<m¨ isys,Z< - isis, f.k fokakd jQ <d o¨

w¾:h
msßisÿ i| t<sh yd iudk j nn<k je,s ;,dfõ ukd fia msmsKq u,a hykays o
,;d uKavmhkays o ,;d .Dy fmf<ys o tA fõ,dfjys lS%vd lrkakd jQ fldu<
jk foj`.kka n,d" <d o¨fjka isis,i f.k fokakd jQ ;reK i,a .fil úfõl
.kak'

9' u ,a o ï iqj| ÿï ÿka fid| jr,isks

l ,a .s ï ksjd iekefyk isys,i risks
fld ,a , ï .iska ks,a bjq/Z;s fmdl=KZisks
j ,a w ï n,u ±l hd .ka iyf;disks

l,a - l¨ka" ldka;djka

.sï ksjd - .%SIauh ksjd ^WIaKh ÿre fldg&
iekefyk - iakdkh lrk
93
 isis,i ri - isis,a c,h
ks,a bjq/;s - ks,a bjqre¬we;s ^l¿$w÷r woyia lrkakg ks,a fhÿKq ;j;a
;ekls&'
j,a wïn,u - w;S;fha mhska .uka lrkakkaf.a úfõlh ms‚i uÕ ;ekska ;ek
wïn,ï ;kjd ;sì‚' fuh jkdka;rhla wi, ;snqK ksid j,a
wïn,uZ lshd fhÿKd úh yels h'

w¾:h
u,a oï o iqj| ÿï o fhdok ,o flaY l,dmfhka iqkaor jQ ia;S%ka isis,a Èhg nei
YÍr odyh ^WKqiqu& ksjd iakdkh lrkakd jQ" fld,a,ï .ia ksid ks,amdg bjqre
we;s fmdl=Kq iómfhys jQ j,a wïn,u ±l i;=áka hkak'

10' lia;=ß ;s,l ieÈ k<,; iqugdk

mq,a uyfk,a u,a oï ysi ojgdk
if,`Mka hfkk ks;s le/ fl<s ljgdk
ßú uqÿk; jk ueo jÿ iquqgdk

ieÈ - irid
iquqgdk - ug is,sá" iquqÿ
iquqgdk - iquqgdk kue;s jkdka;rh

w¾:h
w;sYhska ugis¨gq jQ k<, lia;=ß ;s,lfhka irid f.k" msmqKq udfk,a u,a ud,d
ysfiys ojgd f.k" fl<s ljglï lrñka úfkdaoldó ;reKhka ks;r hk tk
iquqgdk kï jkdka;rh ueog br uqÿka fõ,dfõ we;=`M jkak'

11' u Õ ks , ñ ka isá kd fodU kS msh,

ms h i , ñ ka u,f.ys fl<e frdkskZj,
; ;= v , ñ ka ì± ú,sl=ka ñhqre m,
b is Uq , ñ ka fhys ie<æ oU m÷rej,

ks,ñka - ks,a meye .kajñka ^lú iufhys fld< meyehg ks,a o hkak&
kS - nla ó
msh, - fudr
ú,sl=ka - bÿKq
biqUq - úfõl
ie< - ie<,sys‚h ^wduka;%K iajrEmfhks&'
oU - cïnq

94
w¾:h
ie<,sys‚h" ud¾.h ks,a meye .kajñka isáhd jQ kd" fodU" nla ó" fudr ^hk
.iaj,& u,a f¾Kqj,ska .ejiS .;a;d jQ u,a w. mshdm;a i,ñka l%Svd fldg" Tnf.a
;=v ,ñka bÿKq ñysß m, wkqNj fldg" cïnq m÷rej, ys| úfõl f.k hkak'

12' ß ú ;e jq f,a msms luf,a ú,a .ejeiS

u ; fld jq f,a ;=re jof,a y`vk ksiS
j k ie jq f,a uÕ wif,a fmdr ie,eiS
.= re ne jq f,a hj wjqf,a fkdù lsiS

ßú ;ejqf,a - iQ¾h ;dmh

ksiS - fhda.H
jk iejqf,a - j,s l=l=<ka

w¾:h
iQ¾h ;dmh ksid msmqKd jQ fk¨ï u,aj,ska hq;= ú,aj,ska .ejis" ^yeisÍug& fhda.H jQ
.ia jÿf,a u;a fldjq,ka w~kakd jQ o ud¾.h wi, j,s l=l=<ka fmdfrys fh§
isákakd jQ o .=renejq, m%foaYfhys lsis ÿ wjq,lg m;a fkd ù hkak'

13' j k is ß mshqïrd n| rkZnrK hqre

j g ms ß iqmq,a ÿkqfla u,a uqre;Z;=re
ì `.= ms ß jerE T¨Zmq,eZUq,j, ;Uqre
ys u i ß isys,a Èh fyn ±l hka ñ;=re

mshqïrd - moaurd. fyj;a r;= leg

T¨Zmq,eZUq,Zj, - ´¨¬Wmq,a¬weUq,¬wj,
;Uqre - fk¨ï
wj, - wdl=," hqla;" msreKq
Èh fyn - c,dYh

w¾:h
hy`Mj" jkh kue;s isß foõÿjf.a ^Ys%hd ldka;djf.a& moaurd. ud‚lHfhka n|kd
,o rka wdNrK fuka uekúka msmqKq" ÿkqfla .ia yd u,a msmqKq uqre; .ia yd;ami
msÍ we;a;d jQ" ó ueiaika msßjerE ´¨" udfk,a" t< udfk,a" fk¨ï hk u,aj,ska
msreKq ysu yd iudk iS;, c,fhka hqla; jQ .eUqre c,dYh ^fyn& ±l hkak'

95
 wNHdi

1' iajNdj fi!kao¾h j¾Kkd i|yd lúhd Ndú; lrk úúO ldjH Wml%u
idlÉPd lrkak'

2' ie<,sys‚ ikafoaY l;=jrhd ¥;hdg lrk u. jekqïj, § iajNdfjdala;shg uq,a

;ekla fok whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'

3' úúO wjia:d j¾Kkfhys,d ie<,sys‚ l;=jrhd olajk iu;alu w.hkak'

4' fï moHj,ska fy<s jk úúO iudc wd¾Ól f;dr;=re úiA;r lrkak'

5' lúhd ¥;hdg fmkajk pu;aldrckl jk mshfiys wisßh idlÉPd lrkak'

96
 12 l=ryka bisuqj l¿jr n,d,d
ck lú ^l=rlalka lú&

ck lú ms<sn|j f;dr;=re rdYshla ;=kajk mdvfï § oelaú‚' l=rlalka lú o"

ck lú m%j¾.hls' f.dúhdg l=rlalka j.dfõ § we;s jk ÿIalr;d l=rlalka
lú uÕska m%ldY fõ' l=rlalka fyak wiaieoa§ug fmr le,E t<s-fmfy<s lsÍfï
mgka" wiajekak fk<d .ekSu olajd jQ ish¨ wjia:d l=rlalka lú ;=< wka;¾.;
fõ' b;d fjfyi ù l=rlalka fyak ilik wdldrh o j.dj irejkjd;a iuÕ
thg ydks lsÍug i;=kaf.a meñŒu o th wdrCId lsÍug ;ud oerE fjfyi o
ms<sn|j f.dúhdg my< jQ is;=ú,s ksrdhdifhka lú njg m;a ù we;'

fï mdvfï we;=<;a jkafka tn÷ l=rlalka lú lsysmhls'

ÿre;= ufya § le,hg je§,d

uila muK l,a le,j,a fldgd,d
ueÈka Èfka § j,a .sks ;nd,d
l=ryka bisuqj l¿jr n,d,d

t,a, fjkag lú lr lSfjñ fndfydu

fld,a, lkag t;s isjqmdfjda fndfydu
f.d,a, iuÕ t;s W!frda ieuodu
ks,a, wU;s i;a ojiska ne¨jdu

ud lS foa fohshks fndrejla u ke;s
ìu t<s jqfKd;a lKq uÿ fndfydu <Õ we;s
weyeg fjfyi we; ;=ka hug ksÈ ke;s
f.dn l¿ fjñka l=ryka lsß jeo jefv;s

fyafka mef,a ud ú¢kd iqrelalka

W!frda weú;a jg msg lr;s ilauka
jegg;a Wäka Wka w,a,k u,lalka
wfmdhs uf.a lsß jÈkd l=rlalka

97
 lgq we,af,a uf. fyafka l=rlalka
jeg wyqrd W!rkaf.ka j<lalka
lr .kakg neß Wka uy l=rlalka
W!frks fkdld m,hõ uf. l=rlalka

fuod fyafk meys,d we;s l=rlalka

rkajka lr,a nr ù we;s iqrlalka
W!frda fkdlEfjd;a fyafka l=rlalka
nv.skakg wjqiohls l=rlalka

l=rlalka ;=khs jemqrefj wudrefõ

lmkag;a nerej w;mh reodfõ
wßkag;a nerej f,dj. u iskdfõ
lmuq kEfk bmke,af,a iqndfõ

tfm;s fofm;s uy fyafka l=rlalka

uÕ hkafkda ug iroï lrlalka
tfm;s fjkav ljqoehs l< krlalka
lmd .ksuq tl fm;af;a l=rlalka

wNHdi

01' l=rlalka j.dfõ § f.dúhd uqyqK ÿka úúO wNsfhda. ch .ekSug Tyq ±rE
fjfyi l=ryka lú u`.ska m%ldY jk wkaou meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' ck lúfha we;s wjHdc;ajh l=rlalka lú flfrka ksrEmKh jk wdldrh

WodyrK iys; j úuikak'

03' ir,;ajh" ixlaIsma; Ndjh yd èjks;d¾:j;a mo Ndú;h o l=rlalka lú

id¾:l ùug fya;=jls' ksoiqka iys;j idlÉPd lrkak'

98
13 wmg jeisls<shla
fla' ch;s,l ^1926 - 2010&

isxy, idys;H jxYfhys iqúfYaI flál;dlrejl= f,i

úpdrl wjOdkh Èkd .;a fla' ch;s,l uy;d lsߢje,
rodjdfka § 1926'06'27 Èk Wm; ,nd we;' rodjdk msßñ
mdif,ka uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,o Tyq iafjda;aidyfhka md,s
NdIdj ms<sn|j o ukd mßphla we;s lr .;af;a h' miqj
fyf;u ,kavka úYajúoHd,fhka Ydia;%fõ§ Wmdêh o
Èkd .;af;a h' fla' ch;s,lf.a uq,a u flál;d ix.%yh
jkafka mqkre;am;a;sh iy ;j;a flá l;d lD;sh hs' fuu
flál;d ix.%yh m< jkafka 1955 jif¾ § h' tlf.hs wjqreoao" fkdksñ is;a;u
yd ;j;a flá l;d" w;SrKh" jðr mín;" lgq iy u,a fu;=udf.a fiiq flá l;d
ix.%y w;r fjhs'

mqxÑrd<" mqxÑrd<f.a urKh" rdcmCI j,õj" u;= iïnkaOhs" udhd ud,s.d" ldf,da
whx f;a" pß; ;=kla" fof,djg ke;s wh" mrdð;fhda" ms;duy jeks kjl;d /ila o
ks¾udKh l< fla' ch;s,l tA w;ßka pß; ;=kla" ms;duy" mqxÑrd<" u;= iïnkaOhs
hk kjl;d i|yd rdcH iïudk ysñ lr f.k we;' biairy n,kafkda" mqxÑ
j,dl=< iy mqxÑ mq;d" breKq n<,d" vqx vqx vqvqx vqx" l;kaor fmd;" whshhs kx.shs"
Trf,daiqjd iy ,iaik <uhs" jk igk" wuq;= l;d" rejka l=udß hk lD;s" fla'
ch;s,lhka w;ska ìys jQfha <ud mrmqr fjkqfjks'

idys;H úpdr" o¾Ykjdo" iajlSh w;a±lSï yd ks¾udKlrKh n÷ fCIA;%hka i|yd o

.%ka: /ila rpkd lr we;s fu;=ud f,aLlhl= tla jrla muKla msÿï ,nk
‘idys;H r;ak’ iïudkfhka o chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,fhka msßkefuk idys;H
iQß iïudkfhka o msÿï ,enqfõ h'

‘wmg jeisls<shla’ fu;=udf.a fkdksñ is;a;u yd ;j;a flál;d hk flál;d

ix.%yfhys tk ks¾udKhls'

99
 wlald l=rlalka jxf.ähg ud jdä lrjd .;af;a fudk ;rï fjfyila .ekSfuka
blaì;sj o@
“fyg Wfoag l=ryka frdá álla yokak l=ryka ál wUr.kak Wojq fjkjo
u,a,sfh@” wE Wfoau uf.ka weiqjd h'
“fï Wfoau l=ryka wUrkak mq`Mjke@ oj,a fj,d tkakï” uu lSñ' ud tfia lSfõ ta
fõ,djg wef.a b,a,Su u. yeÍfï fÉ;kdfjka úkd" miqj iyNd.s jk woyilska
fkdfõ' wehg fï .ek u;l ke;s ù h;ehs fyda fjk;a wfhl= Woõ lr f.k th
lr .kq we;ehs ud n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ kuq;a oj,a h<s;a wE ta .ek u;la l<d h'
“±ka kï yß vdÈh wlafla' yjig wUruq'”
“Wfoa lsõjyu Wfo;a nE lsõjd" oj,a lsõjdyu ojd¨;a nE lsõj' ±ka b;ska yjia
fj,d fk' ±ka j;a b;ska jfrka'” iji;a wE lrorh f.k wdjd h'
“fudk johlao ukao' fï f.or uu ú;ro l=ryka wUrkak bkafk@ ug nE' ug
jev ;sfhkj' ´ke flfkla tlal wUr .kak'”
“wehs u,a,s tfyu lshkak@ wikSfmka bkak wïug mq`Mjkao ´j lrkak@ fmdä
u,a,shs kx.shs ysáhg ta fmdä tjqkag mq`Mjka o fomdrlaj;a jxf.äh lrljkag'”
“tfykï l=,Sldrfhla fydhd .kska' ug nE lsõfjd;a nE'” hs uu ierjqfKñ'
wlaldg fujeks ier lsÍï" m%;slafIam lsÍï fyd`og mqreÿh' lïuf,a isák n,a,dg
hlv ;<k y`v fuka wehg o fïjd .Kkla ke;' tfyhska “wfka u,a,sfh" wfka”
hehs lshñka ud thg tl`. jk ;=re fyda f.oßka msg ù hk ;=re fyda hdmamq jkakg
mgka .kS' wef.a b,a,Sulg ud tl`. jkafka l,d;=rlsks' jeämqr u lrkafka .id
nid oud ke.sg hEu h'
hka;ïj;a ;d;a;dg fï nj weiqfKd;a ug fi,a,ï kgkakg ,efnkafka ke;'
“f;da fydr w,sh jf. fu;k lld bkakj' f;dg talj;a lr, fokak neßo@ lõo
fu;k w;la mhla fkd fyd,a,k tjqkag ;eïu yo, fokag bkafk@” Tyq neK
jÈhs' túg ug ish,a, yl=,d f.k f.dia ta jev rdcldß lr §ug isÿ fjhs'
;u wNsu;d¾:idOkh i`oyd fujeks flá udj;la we;;a wlald lsis Èkl thska
m%fhdack .kakg fkd is;hs' tfyhska ;d;a;d isák úgl wE ljodj;a fujeks
b,a,Sula lrkafka ke;' wef.a ta ldreKslNdjfhka ke;fyd;a ÿ¾j,;dfjka uu
fkd iEfyk ;rï m%fhdack .;sñ' wE uf.ka hula b,a,d isák úg ;d;a;d ÿr tkq
fmkqfKd;a “wkak ;d;a;;a tkjd' ug jevla ;sfhkj'” hs uu lshñ' ta tlalu
wef.a lgg w.=¨ jefghs' uu uf.a ksoyi ,nñ'
fuÈk ;d;a;d meñfKkq udj;a wlaldj;a ÿgqfõ ke;' Tyq olskakg;a fmr Tyq
meñK we;s nj mejiqfõ Tyqf.a f.dfrdaiq lgy`v h'
100
“Tõæ yeufoau neyaæ neyaæ lg ú;rhs fyd,a,kak mq`Mjka' w;la fyd,a,kak tmdæ
lEï mSï fiaru fomd uq,g my< fjhs' n,d ysgmshæ” Tyq lSfõ l=ula±hs ug tfõf,a
f;arefKa ke;' ud l=rlalka jx f.äh <`.g ùis jQfha Tyqf.a jpkj, Yíofhka
úkd w¾:fhka fkdfõ'
nUhla muK È. úYd, y;/ia ,S fldghla ueÈka fome;a; ljdldr j lmd
l=rlalka jxf.äfha há., iú lr we;' fï há.f,a ueo l+[a[hls' ueo isÿr
iys; Wvq., fkdjeà lrlefjkafka fï l+[a[h ksid h' uqÿkska uy;a j msysá
Wvq.f,a j<g wlald ÿUqre meye;s l=rlalka w;f<diaila ouhs' blaì;sj Wvq.f,a
msg;g fkrd.sh ;eklg iú lr we;s w; wlald;a ud;a w,a,d f.k ., lrljuq'
túg l=rlalka weUÍ iqÿ mdg jeiaila fuka ., jfÜg ye,S hhs' ,S lf`oa há
me;af;ka w`.,a folla muK lmd ±uQ bfvka ;enQ úYd, jÜáhlg h' fï msá tl;=
jkafka' l=rlalka weUÍu .eyekqkaf.a jevla hehs is;d ud Bg iyNd.s fkdjk
kuq;a fufia tajd wUrk úg kï we;s jkafka i;=gls'
“;d;a;d tkjd ±l,d ug nkakjkak l:d l<d fkao@” hs uu fkdi;=gq
uqyqKska wlaldg ññKqfjñ'
“wfka kE u,a,s" ;d;a; fldfyka my< WKdo lsh, ug;a mqÿuhsæ iq.;kq;a tlal
wdj;a l;d lrkjdj;a weyqfK kE'”
;d;a;d;a mkai, <`. f.or iq.;kq;a biaf;damamqfõ we`o u; b`of.k l;d lr;s'
wms fokakd l=rlalka wUruq' wïud;a kx.S;a l=iaisfha h' u,a,s muKla ;ju;a
j;af;a h'
“whafh" whafh" fmd,sialdrfhlaæ” yÈiaisfha u y;s ,ñka wm fj; ÿj f.k wd
fmdä u,a,s oE;a jkñka ug l;d flf<a h' uu lrñka isá jevh tfyuu k;r
lr ke.sg iru ilia lrñka Tyq;a iu`. biaf;damamqjg Èjqfjñ' fmd,sialdrfhla@
fmd,sialdrfhl= fï .ug md;ajkafka lS l,amhlgo@ wmrdOhla isÿ ù we;af;a
fldyso@ Tyq tkafka ljqreka w,a,kago@ ljqreka w,a,kag meñKsh;a Tyq olsk úg
jrola l< fkdl< ld;=<;a we;s jkafka ìhls' ta tlalu ljqre;a fï ÿ,n o¾Ykh
krUñka Tyq miq miafia jeà h;s'
ud biaf;damamqjg meñfKk úg;a" ug l,ska u,a,sf.ka ta wdrxÑh ,o ;d;a;d;a
iq.;kq;a wef`oka ke.sg ms, woaorg ù wE; nvjeáh foi n,d isá;s' wuq;a;l=f.a
Pdhdj wE;ska Èia fõ' ta fmd,sialdrfhla fkdfõ' fmd,sialdrhd w`Èkafka ldls
fldg l,siï h'

fudyq;a ta m%udKfha fldg l,siula we`o isáh;a ta iqÿ mdg h' ysfia me<`È f;dmamsh o
fmd,sia f;dmamshlg fjkia h' fldhs ;rï o¾YkSh jqj;a wuq;af;l=f.a meñKSu
iqnodhl fkd úh yels h'

101
 “l=Kq biameÜgræ iq.;ka ;u y`ÿkd .ekau ms<sn`oj Wmka .¾jfhka hq;=j lSh'
“wo Wfoa ysgka mkai,a f.dve,af, yeu f.orlgu .syska ;sfhkj' llal=iais ke;s
yefudagu kvq odkj¨' yjia fjÉp ksid ux ys;=fj kE fï me;af; taú lsh,d'”
kvq ouk nj lSj;a fmd,sia Nghl= flfrys ;rï ìhla wmg Tyq úIfhys we;s
fkdù h' ta ksidu foda Tyqf.a uqyqfKys o iermreI njla fkdfmksKs' flfia jqj;a
tys lsisÿ ñ;% ,S,djla ;snqfKa o ke;' mq`M,a jgl=re ta uqyqK wfma .fï lsisjl=g;a
fkdjQ ;rï mqIaáu;a yd kd.ßl úh' Bgu iß,k mßÈ YÍrh o nr jev fkd f.k
iS;, fijfKa jevqKq tlla úh' Tyq we| isá w;a fldg lñifha ndyqj,;a mmqfõ;a
má w,a,d ;sfí' me<`o isá f;dmamsh o .,aleghlg jqj o Tfrd;a;= fok ;rï >k
jQjls'
wuq;a;d bÈßfha fmr .uka fkd lr isákakg fkd yels mßoafoka ;d;a;d;a iq.;kq;a
Tyq <x jk úg ñÿ,g neiaidy' wms o ta wkqj ñÿ,g nei" Tjqka msgqmig ùuq'
wuq;a;d meñK" wfma ñÿ, woaor k;r úh'
“ljqo fï f.or .DyuQ,slhd@” Tyq l;d flf<a ljr NdIdjlska o@ jpk isxy,
jqj;a WÉpdrKh isxy, fkd ù h' ;d;a;dg o fuh .eg¨jla jQ nj fmkS .sfha
Tyq úu;sfhka iq.;kaf.a uqyqK neÆ ieáfhks' iq.;ka th f;areï .ekSug l,ska
wuq;a;df.a Wmldrh ,eìK'
“ljqo fï f.or f,dlald@” fujr Tyqf.a WÉpdrKh o fmrg jvd meyeÈ,s úh'
“uu” ;d;a;d nhdÿ f,i ms<s;=re Èks'
“fudllao ku@”
“fyar;a'”
“fyar;a lshkafk fudk fyar;a o@ jdi.ula keoao@”
“;sfhkj' mgne`Èf.a fyar;a'”
wuq;a;d ta ish,a, ;ud f.kjq;a ;snQ È.á fmdf;ys igyka lr .;s'
“fï f.or jeisls<shla ;sfhkjo@”
;d;a;d h<s;a Wvìu n,hs'
“fï f.or llal=iaishla ;sfhkjo@”
“kE'”
“iqudk folla we;=<; jeisls<shla yokak ´ke' uu wdhsu;a iqudk follg miafi
tkj' t;fldg jeisls<shla yo, fkd;snqfKd;a kvq odkjd' tfyu lf<d;a Widú
.syska ov lkak fõú'”
fuhg lsisjl= ms<s;=re ÿkafka ke;' i;s folla ;=< jeisls<shla ;kd ksu lrkafka
flfiao hk m%Yakh ke.Sug lsisfjla bÈßm;a fkdù h' Tjqyq ljqre;a wkaoukao ù
isáhdy' tfy;a fï lsisjlska wuq;a;d ;=< fjkila fkd olakd ,È' Tyq j;a; my<g
weia ÿjjñka ;j;a m%Yakhla ke.S h'
102
“fu;kska tydg ;j;a f.j,a ;sfhkjo@”
“Tõæ m,af,yd ;sfhkafk fj,ahdh' Bg tydhska ;j;a .ï f.dve,a,la ;sfhkj'”
“ta f.j,aj,g jeisls<s ;sfhkjo@”
“tfyu fohla .ek wy,j;a ke;=j we;s ufh ysf;a'”
“fldfyduo tydg hkafk@”
“we<g Wäka taoKavla od, ;sfhkj' tal Èf.a hkak ´kE'”
;d;a;d w; Èlalr fmkajQ me;af;ka jeà we;s wä mdr Èf.a bkaiamelag¾ .uka
lrkag úh' Bg l,ska lsis Èkl fï ìug im;a;= mdrla fkd jÈkakg we;' wms fï
wd.ka;=l o¾Ykh msgqmiafia jegqfKuq'
l,ska Èk lSmfha jg j¾Idj ksid we< msÍ ;sìK' bka tf.dv ùug taoKav
yeáhg oud ;snqfKa ;ks fmd,a fldghls' fï taoKav Èf.a tydg fuydg hEu wmg
wreuhla fkdù h' iuyr wjia:dj, th Èf.a tydg fuydg Èùu fi,a,ula úh'
bkaiamelag¾g tfia fkdù h' Tyq nr im;a;= ±uQ mh ta u; ;nd ;o fldg ne,S h'
taoKav fkd ie,S isáh kuq;a Tyqf.a mh nod .;af;a ke;' fuh ta ;rï mfriaiï
iys; .ukla fkdjk nj Tyqg ta;a;= hkakg we;' mh ,siaid .sh fyd;a" ke;akï
iunr ke;s jqj fyd;a Tyq /f`okafka wä .Kkla my<ska .,d hk Èh mdfrys h'
túg kEfuka muKla ;Dma;su;aj f.dv taug ,enqfKd;a ta;a f,dl= jdikdjls'
“±ka yjia WKd jeähs" tfyg fjk ojil hkj” hs Tyq mh wdmiq .;af;a h'
wm ldg;a ksoyfia yqiau .kakg mq`Mjka jQfha állg l,ska Tyq u;= ù wd nvjeáh
;=< u Tyq fkdfmkS .shdg miqj h' ;d;a;d;a iq.;kq;a wdmiq we`og meñKshy'
ó<`.g Tjqka l;dnia lrkq we;af;a bkaiamelag¾ .ek h' thg ijka fokakg wm
;=< o we;af;a uy;a l=;+y,hls' ta ksid wms o ta lsÜgqj u ±jgqfKuq'
“l=Kq biameÜgr ;sfldaksialdrhf. f.foÜg .syska weyeõj¨ ‘llal=iaishla
;sfhkjo@’ lsh,'” iq.;ka mgka .;af;a h' “;sfldaksia lsõj¨ ‘wfka nqÿ uy;a;fhd"
fufy fudk llal=iaiso@ Tkak T;kska Th neoaog md;a fjkak'’ tfyu lsh,"
zfl,af, fï uy;a;hg j;=rmksÜgqjla f.k;a §mshZ lsh,;a lsõj¨' ñksyg ;ry
.sh mdr tfjf,u kvq odkav ku ,shdf.k .shd¨æ” fuh lshd fofokd u iskdiqKy'
iq.;ka yhsfhka iskdfik úg ‘fldla’ ‘fldla’ hk y`vla k.hs'
“fuÉpr l,a fkd;snqKq llal=iaishla fudl o fï tl mdrgu ´ke jqfKa@ ldf.
yß uf.daähla fjkak we;s" ldg ;sfhk i,a,so ´jd yokak@ ´flka fïflka
fjkafk wmg;a Widú nv.dkak' Wkag kï fudflda''' wdxvqfjka mä lld lshdú'
z´x yomka ke;akï kvq odkj’ lsh,' ÿmam;a wms ;uhs kefykafk'˜
“±ka Th mdr woaor kï yeu f.orlu llal=iais yo, ;sfhkj' ke;s tjqkag ov
.y,;a ;sfhkj'”

103
 “mdr whsfk tfyu tlla ;sfhk tl yß' fudlo tfy le,E ;sfhkjo@ fï
lef,ka jg fj,d bkak wmg fudk llal=iais o@ kS;sfhka fífrkav yeÿjhs lshuq'
f.hla we;=f< b`o f.k;a Th jefâ l< yels o@ ldg mq`Mjka WK;a ug kï nE'”
“WU Tfydu lshkj' fld<U rfÜ llal=iais ;sfhkafk fldfyduo okakj o@ fï
jf.a tmsáka fkfuhs' f.a we;=f<u¨' Wka kdkafk;a tal we;=f<u b`of.k¨ fk'”
“Isla ú;rlaæ .`o .ykafk keoao@”
“taj mhsmam Èf.a hkjhs lsh, ;uhs lshkafk' ta WKdg fudk crdjlao llal=iaishla
f.a we;=f< ;shdf.k bkak tl' llal=iaishla tmd" fmdä <ufhla f.hs le;
lf<d;a tal wia lr ouk l,a ysßls; keoao@”

“fï fudk lrorhla j;a kEfk wfma f.org;a taoKavlska f.dv fj,d tkav
;snqK kïæ” ;d;a;d lshQ fofhys w¾:h tljr u iq.;kag jegyqfKa ke;' th
jegyqK úg Tyq fmr fuka u fldla y`v,d iskdiqKs'

tod ud kskaog .sfha o yÈisfha .ug meñ‚ fï wuq;a;d .ek is;ñks' ug Tyq isysfkkq;a
fmfkkakg weoao@ th lsj fkdyelafla ug isysk u;l fkdisák neúks' tla tla wh
;uka ÿgq isysk .ek l;d lrk úg ? kskafoa § ud o hï hï foa ÿgq nj isys l< yelsh'
tfy;a lsisjl=g lshkakg ;rï meyeÈ,s f,i tAjd isyshg weo .ekSug kqmq¿jk'

miqod Wfoa bkaiamelag¾ uf.a isyshg uq,ska u kexf.a keyeh mskjd f.k l=iaish
foiska me;sÍ wd iqj|la fya;= fldg f.k h' th l=rlalka frdá iqj|ls' bkaiamelag¾
.shdg miq ;d;a;d f.or u isá ksid wlald ug l=rlalka wUrkakg l;d flf<a
ke;' flfia fyda msá ál wUrdf.k frdá idod we;s nj fmfka' uu jydu
l=iaishg Èj .sfhñ' wlald ,sm <Õ ysrukd fldgh ;nd jdä ù b¢hs' <ssm u;
;enQ lnf,a frdáhla ÿï ouñka lrfjhs' Wvqme;a; l,ska lr lr wksla me;a; ±uQ
frdáfha tA me;a; o lrjQ miq wE ye¢ ñá folla tlalr th nd <Õ ;snQ jÜáh u;
;enqjd h' ;ek ;ek lekao fld< lE,s ±ù .e,ù f.dia ;snQ frdáh lsisÿ weys,a,la
ne,s,a,la ke;sj .kakg uu jEhï lf<ñ'
“msÉfphs" msÉfphs' l,n, ke;sj b¢ka álla” wlald lSjd h' uu weh lshQ foh
fkdweiqKdla fuka frdáh f.k th w;ska w;g udre lrñka yd thg msôñka
biaf;damamqjg ÿj .sfhñ'

“l=rlalka wUrkav wh ke;=jg lkav wh kï ´kE ;rï bkakj' ug;a lrkav

;snqfK wr ù wegh wyq,mq lsls<s lrmq foa” wE ud foi n,d iskdfiñka lSjd h'

ó<Õ i;sh fyda fol we;=<; .fï ljqre;a l;dny jQfha fi!LH mÍlaIlf.a meñŒu
.ek h' iuyreka Tyq ye¢kajQfha ‘iekaáfmdaÜ’ hk kñks' iuyre jeisls<shla idod
.ekSfï wjYH;dj .ek lSy' iuyreka l;d lf<a tys we;s ÿIalr;d .ek h' ;j;a
iuyrekaf.a wjOdkh fhduq ù ;snqfKa bkaiamelag¾ lS mßÈ l%shd fkdl< fyd;a
104
isÿ úh yels lror ms<sn|j h' ;d;a;d wh;a jQfha fï ;=kajeks fldgig h' Tyqf.a
fkdflfrk fjolug Tyq flda÷ref;,a y;amÜghla fidhkakg mgka .;s'
“ldg ;sfhk i,a,s o@” Tyq jrla wihs'

“;sfhk fohla úl=K,d yß i,a,s fydhd .;a;d lshuqfld' flda b;ska ndia,d@”
kej; wihs'
j¾Idjla jei mdhkakdla fuka l;dny o ld,h;a iu. ;=r,a ù hkakg úh' i;s
fol;=klska th yeu fokdgu wu;l ù .sh f,ila fmfkkakg ;snq‚' tfy;a
ulrd ksod .;a;d úkd ñh .sfha ke;' wksla wh kskaog .sh w;r W! h<s;a keÕsg
.u mqrd ieß irkakg úh' udi follg muK miq .fï kd.ßl fl<jf¾ isg
l=Kq biameÜgr h<s;a fyd,auka lrk nj l,a;shd u ±k.kakg ,eìK' tf;la ksod
isáfhda jyjyd wjÈ jkakg jQy¦ wjÈ ù ÿj mek weúÈkakg jQy' isfuka;s fldÜgh
fol" .,a yd je,s iuÕ yeu f.orla <Õu mdfya f.dv .efikakg úh' th
fïika ndiajrekag jev wêl" b;d jdisodhl ld,hla úh' jevla ke;sj ;ek ;ek
ria;shdÿ fjñka isá .egjrfhdao zyÈis ndiajrekaZ jkakg jQy'

wfma f.org ndia flfkl= wd Èkh wmg úfYaI ojila úh' u,a,s;a ud;a muKla
fkdj kx.sj;a Tyq <Õska bj;g .sfha ke;' Tyq fh§ isák wdYap¾hj;a l%shdj foi
wms weismsh fkdfy<d n,d isáfhuq'

ndia m<uqfjkau rg wU ,E,sj,ska y;/ia fldgqjla ;kd,S h' bka wk;=rej leg
l¿.,a" je,s yd isfuka;s j;=frka ñY% lr" tA noduh hlv ±,la ueÈ fldg ,S fldgqfjys
±ó h' tfia lf<a ueo È.ska wähla muK m<,ska wÕ,a y;rla muK jQ;a o È.á
y;/ia fldgqjla fífrk mßÈ h' fmdähg fmkqK;a fï jevh i|yd Tyqg iïmQ¾K
ojila .; úh' iji jeisls<s ,E,af,a iqo ;nd Tyq .;ukdj;a /f.k wdmiq .sfha
miqjod Wfoa ,E,a,g j;=r bi f;ñh hq;= hehs wmg Wmfoia §fuka blaì;sj h'
yßhgu fykyqrd md;ajQfha wm fï wjjdoh ls%hdjg mßj¾;kh lrñka isáh § h'

“flda" lõo fyar;a lshkafk@”

“uu” ;d;a;d bÈßm;a úh'

“flda" jeisls<sh yeÿjo@” Tyq .s.=refõ h'

“;ju bjr kE'”

“bjr kE lshkafka yokak mgka .;a;o@”

“tAlg ;uhs fï ,E,a, ±ïfu'”

“,E,a, ±ïug jeisls<shla yefokjo ñksfyd@ iqudk follska yokj lsh, fkao
105
 tod fmdfrdkaÿ WfKa@ ±ka iqudk fol fkfuhs" udi follg;a jeäh we;s'”

“kE wdhsfndajka" fï ojia áfla tl È.g u l=Uqre jev ;snqK' tAlhs bjr lrkak
neß jqfKa'”

“´j .syska lshkj ug fkfjhs" Widúhg' flda j< lm,o@”

;d;a;d Wv ìu ne,S h¦ “;ju kE”hs wk;=rej lS h'

“j< lmkak mgka .;af;j;a ke;=jhs ‘;ju kE’æ .Efj" ;j iqudk follska jev
bjr lr, fkd;snqfKd;a n,d .; yels" ldgo jrÈkafk lsh,'”

“yeu fokd u ,E,s ouk yskao ±ïu ñil j<la ´kehs lsh, ug kï l,amkdjla
j;a WfKa kE'” hs fi!LH mÍlaIljrhd msg;a j .sh blaì;s ;d;a;d ;kshu lS h'

jeisls<s ;ekSug lsisu Wkkaÿjla fkd.;a lsysm fofkl=g u kvq mejÍug ,shd
f.k .sh nj ie,jQfhka miqjod u j<la lemSu wdrïN lrk ,È' th ;d;a;dg u
l< yels fohla jQfhka Wmfoia yefrkakg fjk Woõjla lsisjl=f.ka wjYH
fkdù h' jf<ka miq kej;;a jev k;r úh' tA" fujr;a fi!LH mÍlaIl i;s
folla we;=<; fkdmeñ‚ neúks' tfy;a yh uilg muK miq h<s;a Tyq f.org
md;a jQ l, .e,ù .; yels jQfha fkdj¢k je÷ï je|" flfia fyda ;j i;s folla
we;=<; jeisls<sh ;kd ksu lrk njg fmdfrdkaÿjla §fuka blaì;sj h'

;j ÿrg;a fuh l,a±ñh fkdyels h' wvla jev wjika lr we;s ksid tfia l,a
±ófï f;areula o ke;' kvq" Widú hkq fndfyda .eñhkag fuka u ;d;a;dg o
fr!rj krlh jeks Nhdkl foaj,a h' fï ksid f.org mqxÑ meáhl= we;s jQjdla
fuka" f.a lsÜgqj mqxÑ jeisls<shla ;eksK' fï mqxÑ megjd uy tldg;a jvd ,iaik
úh' uy f.or ìu f.duueá h' fuys isfuka;s h' uy f.hs ì;a;sj, f.du ueá h'
fuys iqÿyqKq h' kElu yeÕùug fuka fofla u jy, fiú,s lr ;snqfKa fmd,a
w;=j,sks' fmdä tldf.a Wmka Èkh 1924'12'1 hkqfjka W¿jiaig Wäka fldgd
;sì‚'

fi!LH mÍlaIljrhd B<Õ jdrfha meñ‚ úg wfma fï ymkalu ±l ;Dma;su;a jQjdg

iel ke;' Tyq jeisls<sh jfÜ hñka mÍlaId lr ne,S h¦ fodfrka we;=¿ ù j<g
tìlï lr ne,S h' ljr wvqmdvqjla fmkakd fokq weoa±hs wm úu;sfhka n,d isá
w;r Tyqg fmkaùug fohla tys fkdù h' Tyq msgqmi ;d;a;d iekis,s iqiqula fy<S h'

jeisl<sh ;kd ksu jQ kuq;a wms lsisfjla th mdúÉÑ fkd lf<uq' kS;sfhka .e,ùug
fi!LH mÍlaIlg;a wmg;a wjYH jQfha f.dvke.s,a, muKls' jeisls<sh ;ekSfuka
miq th wksjd¾hfhka u mdúÉÑhg .kq we;ehs bkaiamelag¾ is;=jd o úh yels h'
106
wms kï thg llal=iaish lshd j;a fkdlSfjuq' wmg kqyqre th wm ye¢kajQfha
‘jeisls<sh’ hk kqyqre" tfy;a f.!rjdkaú; kñks' fï w;r u,a,s;a kx.S;a th
fjk;a jevlg fhdod .;ay' tkï fi,a,ï n;a bùug;a" fi,a,ï lv ±óug;a hæ

iEuodu WoEik wms tla tlaflkd tl tl Èidfjka le,E frdog msúfiuq' m÷re
wE;a uE;a lr ßx.k wmg flfkl=g ksoyfia jdä ù isàug ;rï bvlv we;sj
.ia fld<kaj,ska jg jqKq ìïlvla yuq fjhs' .ia uE;a lrk wäh ;nk yçka u
ks,ueis yuqodjla rEx .df.k wyig keÕ wdfjd;a wms t;ekska jydu miqnisuq'
jkfrdÈka msgjk msßñka fl<ska u hkafka j;a; my<ska .,d hk we< mdr fj;g h'
.eyekq j;=r mksÜgqjl=;a /f.k fmd,a w;= ueiaig;a or ueiaig;a w;r jk ysia ìï
;Srejg h;s' fuys msgqmiska nvjeáhls' bÈßmiska tkid,a m÷re lSmhls' tfyhska
tys .sh flfkl= msg; isák wfhl=g fmfkkafka ke;'

rd;%s ld,fhys kï le,E frdfoys o wr ;rï we;=<g hEu wjYH fkdfõ' fï .ukg
jvd;a u fyd| fmd,a lgqjl .ik ,o bámkaouls' fmd,algqj wksla me;a;g yrjd
;enQ l,ays b|f.k isák ;eke;a;d fkdfmfkk fyhsks' tfy;a yeuodu f.or
bámkaoï we;af;a ke;' jeiaila iq<Õla wef;d;a l=mams ,dïmqj f.k hEug o kqmq¿jk'
túg yq¿ w;a;lg;a jvd fyd| ykiails' iuyr ykiq b;du;a WmldrYS,S h' tAjd
t<sh wkjYH úg álla ks¢ lrjd" wjYH úgl o,ajd .ekSug mq¿jk' t<sh we;;a
ke;;a mdrla f;dgla wmú;% fkdlsÍug ljqre;a mfriaiï jQy' tfia l<fyd;a
wfOdauqLfhys f.ä iEfo;ehs hk úYajdih ld ;=<;a ;Èka uq,a nei f.k mej;s
neúks'

w¨;a wjqreoafoa w¨;a mka;shlg .sh úg wmg b.ekajQ úIhka w;r fi!LH úoHdj o
úh' úIîc yd laIqø m%dŒka ms<sn|j o fuys§ W.kajkq ,eìK' tA wkqj we;eï f,v
frda. iEÿfKa Tjqkaf.ks' fuh fuf;la ud is;d isá frda. ksodkj,g jvd fjkia
úh' l=uk f,vla iE§ fjo uy;d <Õg .sh;a Tyq lSfõ jd;h" ms; ke; fyd;a fiu
lsmSfuka th ygf.k we;s nj h' wïud yd ;d;a;d;a th tfia u úYajdi l< w;r
hlaI fodaI yd fm%a; fodaIj,skao f,v yg .kakd nj Tjqka w;r we;s jQ l;dniaj,ska
meyeÈ,s úh' fï mriamr úfrdaO Ndjfhka ud ;=< úu;shla yg .;af;ka uu
mdif,a W.;a lreKq .ek wïudg lSfjñ'

“weyegj;a fkdfmfkk i;=kag mq¿jka o fuÉpr f,dl= ñksia weÕlg ydks

lrkak@ tfyu kï uelafld" ul=fKd lk ;rug ñksiaiqhs lsh, cd;shla b;=re
fõúhe@” wïud lSjd h'

“tfyu kï wmg fmf¾;fhd fldfydug j;a fmfkkafk kE fkdje@”

“weyeg fkdfmkqKdg iuyr fmf¾;fhd bkakj l÷ mrej; ;rï úYd,' tl
fmf¾; j¾.hla bkakj¨ weÕ m¾j;hla ;rï úYd, WKdg lg b¢lgq u,la
;rug mqxÑ'”
107
 “b;ska tA fkdfmfkk i;d fmfkk fohla ldmqjyu tA ldmq foaj;a fmakag tmdhe@”

“fmf¾;fhd lEu lkafk kE' lEug ÈIaáh fy<kj' tfyu ÈIaáh fy<mq lEu
ldmqjyu ;uhs f,v fjkafk'”

úu;sh uq¿ukska u my kqjQj;a wïud lshQ foh we;a; jkakg we;ehs uu tfõf,a
is;=fjñ' tfia jqj;a mdif,a § fi!LH mdvu ;j ÿrg;a bf.k .kakd úg tA
bf.k .kakd lreKq jvd i;Hhhs isf;kakg úh' jeisls<s mdúÉÑ fkd lsÍu ksid
mdpkh" fld,rdj" fldl=mKq frda.h jeks f,v frda. we;s jk njo lsheú‚'
mdif,a fmkajQ ‘ueðla’ fyj;a ksi, rEmrduq m%o¾Ykhl § fldl=mKq frda.Skaf.a
wiQÑ ud¾.fhka fldl=mKq frda.h me;sfrk PdhdrEm olakg ,eîfuka fï woyi
jvd;a ;yjqre úh' tmuKla fkdj" jeisls<s mdúÉÑh w¾:j;a l%shdjlehs o tA;a;=
.ekaú‚'

wm mdif,a jeisls<shla yd leisls<shla ;snQ kuq;a uu ljodj;a jeisls<sh m%fhdackhg

f.k ke;af;ñ' wjYH;djla we;s jQ úg mjd f.or tk;=re ;o lrf.k isáfhñ'
fjk;a <uhska o fuys hkq ud ±l ke;' tfyhska th .=rejrekag muKla iSud jQjla
f,i ie,lSfuys jrola ke;' úfõl ld,fha iSkqj kdo j;a u wm rxpqj msáka u
ÿjf.k .sfha uQ;%d lsÍu i|yd leisls<sh fj;g h'

úhmeyeoï fldg uykais ù jeisls<shla ;kd w,xldrh i`oyd ;nd .ekSfï f;areu
l=ula o@ le,E frdog jÈoa§ jrla folla u mhg ±kqKq ms<sl=,a iam¾Yh u;la jk
úgla ysßls;hla we;s lr,hs' fï yefrkakg" w¨;a NdKavhla Ndú;hg .ekSug
flfkl= ;=< we;s jk wdYdjg iudk wdYdjla o ud ;=< we;'

uq,ska u ud jeisls<sh mdúÉÑhg .;af;a f.or ldgj;a fkd±fkk mßÈ h' u,a,s
fyda kx.S tys fkdf.dia fld< frdvq úisÍ ;rula zwmsßisÿZ ù ;sîu o ug myiqjla
úh' jeisls<sh m%fhdackhg .;a;;a c,h i|yd tÈk o uu we<mdrg .sfhñ' f.dia
fj,ahdfha Wv hg n,d" lsisfjl= fmfkkakg fkdisáfhka t;eku jdä jQfhñ'

flfia jqjo fuh ug u ;ks lr ;nd .ekSug ;rï znr jeäZ w;a±lSula úh' msg
hd¿jl=g th fkdlsh yels h' f.oßka jqj o lsj yelafla u,a,sg muKls' u,a,s ud
is;+ ;rï úYajdijka;fhla fkdù h'

“wïfï''''” hehs lg mqrjf.k Tyq l=iaish foig ÿjkakg iQodkï úh' uu w;ska
w,a,d Tyq k;r lf<ñ'

“´l Th ;rï w~fnr .ykak fohla fkfjhs' ±ka ljqrej;a le,E .dfk ßx.kafk
kE” hs uu lSñ'

108
wïudg fkd lSj;a Tyqg o th ;ksj /l .; yels ryila fkdù h' Tyq th kx.Sg
lshd ;sìK' kx.S th wlaldf.a lfka ;enqjd h'

“xyaæ thdg ú;rla fudl o@ uu;a fyg hkjd'” hs kx.S ;¾ckh o l<d h' “Wvy f.or
.=Kj;S, wmg yeuodu yskd fjkj" llal=iaishla yodf.k fmkqug ;shdf.k bkakj
lsh,'”

miqÈk Wfoa kx.S fjkodg;a l,ska f.hska fodrg neiaid h' j;=r mksÜgqjla mqrjd
.;a wE jeisls<shg je§ fodr jid .;a;d h' tÈk u u,a,s;a" Èklska follska
wlald;a wïud;a wE wkqlrKh l<y'

;j;a ld,hla ;siafia fmr isß; wkq.ukh lf<a ;d;a;d muKls' <uhska f,dl=
ù f.or fodf¾ úhoï jeã h;a u le,Ej l=vd jkakg úh' tA iu. u ks;r
m%fhdackhg .ekau ksid jeisls<sh o crdÔ¾K ù bka isyska ÿ.|la o yud ths' ±ka
wm th y÷kajkafka o jeisls<sh lshd fkd j llal=iaish hkqfjks' ±ka th ;d;a;dg
jqj o m%fhdack .ekSug wiSre fkdjk ia:dkhla ù we;' tfyhska Tyq tys hk
kuq;a mer‚ weíneyslïj, kIagdjfYaIhla yeáhg bka wk;=rej j;a; my< Èh
mdr fj; hhs'

wNHdi

01' jeisls<s Ndú;h ms<sn|j tod .ïuqka ;=< mej;s wdl,amh fln÷ ± hs fuu
flál;dj weiqfrka úuikak'

02' wmg jeisls<shla flál;dfjys isoaê yd wjia:d ksrEmKfha § l;=jrhd olajd

we;s olaI;dj ú.%y lrkak'

03' jeisls<s ieliSfï jHdmdrh uyck fi!LH mÍCIljrhd ch .;a; o th Ndú;

lsÍfï ch.%yKh ,nkafka l:lhd hs' zwmg jeisls<shlaZ flál;dj weiqfrka
meyeÈ,s lrkak'

04' “wmg jeisls<shla flál;dj i|yd fhdod .;a NdIdj tys id¾:l;ajhg m%Odk
fya;=jls'” úuikak'

05' flál;dfõ pß;" tys wruqK idlaId;a jk wkaoug ksrEmKh lr we;s

wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

109
 14 Èhuka;s ud,h
.S o fudamix ^1850 - 1893&

.S o fudamix 1850 wf.dai;

a = ui 5 jk od m%xifha § Wm;
,eî h' úúO m%foaYj, mej;s idys;H iNdj,g iyNd.s
fjñka Tyq ish idys;H Ôú;h f.dvk.d .;af;a h'
miq ld,Skj Tyq f,dj flál;dlrejka w;r m%n,
ks¾udKlrejl= njg m;a úh'

Tyq úiska rpkd lrk ,o kjl;d 9la muK jk w;r

flál;d 300la muK rpkd fldg we;s nj lshefõ'
fï mdvfuys tk" fudamix ,shQ zÈhuka;s ud,hZ mdGl
úpdr iïNdjkdjg m;a jQ Wiia .Kfha flál;djls'
th isxy,hg mßj¾;kh fldg we;af;a fla' Ô'
lreKd;s,lhka úisk's

wE jQ l,S" ffojhg isÿ jk we;eï jer§ï ksid foda ,smslre mjq,aj, Wm; ,nk
tA iqkaor rEu;a ldka;djkaf.ka tlshla jQjd h' weh fjkqfjka fjka lrk ,o
odhdohla fkd ù h' tfuka u Okj;a" Wiia msßñhl= úiska ±k ye¢k .kq ,en"
wd,h lrkq ,en" újdy lr .kq ,eîfï n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla fyda yels lula o weh
fj; fkdjQfha h' tfyhska weh wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha iq¿ ,smslrejl=g ;ud újdy
lr §ug bv yeßhd h'

yev jev we;sj we£ug me,£ug yelslula fkd ;snqK fyhska wE pdï j wekaÞ h'
pdïj me,ekaod h; wfkla reÑ-wreÑlï o neßlu lrK fldg f.k ir, wkaoñka
mj;ajd .;a;d h' tfy;a weh is;ska Ôj;a jQfha ;udg ;rï fkd jk my;a újdyhlg
ueÈy;a jQ tlshl fuka wikaf;daIfhks' l=ula ksid o h; fyd;a( ia;%Skag l=,hla fyda
mka;shla fkdue;s neúks; ia;%Ska iïnkaOfhka l=,h yd mka;sh fjkqjg ls%hd
lrkafka Tjqka f.a rE imqj" ydjNdj ,S,d yd ,,s; ldka;d .;s .=K jk fyhsks'
Tjqka i;= iyc iqfldau,;ajh;a" bfjka fuka Tjqka ;=< my< jk is;a i;ka weo
.ekSfï iu;a m%sh ukdm Ndjh;a" w,a,dm i,a,dmfhys p;=r;dj;a Wiia nfõ tl u
,CIKh fjhs' t fuka u" tAjd ksid u uqvqlal=fõ jik ;re‚h;a b;d u Wiia
wd¾hdj;a hk fofokd u tl yd iudk ;;a;ajhlg m;a fj;s'
110
;ud bm§ we;af;a ish¨ u iem iïm;a yd iqL úyrK wdiajdokh lsÍug h hk
yeÕSu ksid wE ksrka;rfhka ÿla fõokdj,g Ndckh jQjd h' ksfjfia È<s÷
wirKlñka" tys ì;a;sj, ld,lKa‚ ÿla nr fmkqfuka" Èrd .sh mqgqj,ska yd
wj,iaik fodr cfk,a frÈj,ska n,j;a fia is;a ;ejq,g m;a wE ukia;dmfhkq;a
mYapd;a;dmfhkq;a ld,h .; l<d h' wehf.a iudc ;;a;ajfha isá wfkla ia;%shlg
lsis u wuq;= fYdalhla fyda wuq;= fodïkila we;s fkdjk fï ish¨ u foaj,ska
wE lkiai,a,g;a lk.dgqjg;a m;a jQjd h' wehf.a l=vd ksfjfia jevm< lr §ug
meñ‚ fufyldr ±ßh ±lSfuka wef.a is; fodïkia iy.; lgql is;sú,s rdYshlska
msÍ b;sß .sfha h' fmr È. uyd¾> ;srfrÈj,ska w,xldr lrk ,o" Wia f,dalv
myka relaj,ska tAldf,dal lrk ,o" .sks Wÿfka iqj myia okjk WKqiqu lrK
fldg f.k úYd, w;a mqgqj, je;sr ks¢nrj isák" irejd, we| .;a ±jeka;
fiajlhka fofokl=;a úiska wdjf;aj lrkq ,nk" ksy~ ksYaYío wka;¾ .¾Nd.dr
ms<sn| isysk wE is;ska ujd .;a;d h; wk¾> fl!;=l jia;+kaf.ka msreKd jQ iQlaIau
l¾udka;hkaf.ka fyì .Dy NdKavj,ska o t,a,k ,o mqrdK fiao ;sr frÈj,ska
úÑ;% jQ w;súYd, Yd,d o iEu .eyekshl u B¾IHd mrjY jQ;a m%d¾:kSh jQ;a is;ska
wY%h lsÍug wdYdfjka isák Ñr m%isoaO ñksiqkaf.ka ieÿKq b;d úYajdiS ñ;=rka
iaj,am fokl=kaf.a m%sh iud.uh i|yd u fjka lrk ,o iq.kaOj;a iqkaor wd.dr o
is;ska ujd .;a wE tAjd ms<sn| l,amkdfjka ufkdaf,dalhl Ôj;a jQjd h'

Èk ;=kla mrK jQ fïi we;sß,a,la t<k ,o rjqï fïihg rd;%S wdydr i`oyd jdä
jQ weh" ;ud bÈßfhka ys| .;a ieñhd iqma n÷fkys jeyqï wßñka uy;a m%fndaOhlska"
“wd" yß fIdala iqma tlla fk! fuÉpr ri we;s fjk lsis u wdydrhla kE!”
hs m%S;s rdjhla keÕ+ úg" l,amkd l<d ì;a;sj, t,a,k ,o fm!rd‚l ukqIH
j¾.hkaf.ka yd foõ ,shkaf.ka ieÿK jk frdol mshd yUk woaN+; mlaISkaf.a
rEm igykaj,ska msreKq j¾Kj;a ;srfrÈ .ek h; ldka;sfhka le¨ï úys¥ ߧuqjd
n÷ka .ek h; m%Œ; wdydr mdk .ek h; wdYap¾hj;a ;eáj, nyk ,o ri uijq¿
.ek h; fg%!Ü u;aiHhkaf.a <d r;a meye;s ui fyda jgq l=re,a,kaf.a w;a ye¢
wkqNj lrk .uka u f;areï .ekSug kqmq¿jka u|yila uqjf.ys r|jd f.k ryia
fl¢ßj,ska lshkq ,nk ,,fkdampdß ix,dmhkag weyqï lka fok wkaou .ek h'
wehg we÷ï me,÷ï fyda uq;= ue‚la fyda lsisjla fkd;snqfKa h' tfy;a weh wdYd
lf<a o tAjdg u h' ;ud bm§ we;af;a tAjd i|yd u he hs is;+ wE" wkHhka jYS lr
.ekSug;a" wkHhka úiska m%d¾:kd lrkq ,eîug;a" fnfyúka u m%shxlr ùfuka
wkHhkaf.a uk kqjka fmdf,dUjd .ekSug;a we;a kï fl;rï fyd| ± hs l,amkd
l<d h'

wehg ;ud yd tlg bf.k .;a ñ;=ßhla isáhd h' ñ;=ßh ne,Sug f.dia fmr<d wd
iEu úfgl u wE n,j;a Ñ;a; ika;dmhlg yd ÿla fõokdjlg Ndck
jQjd h' ñ;=ßh yuq ù wdmiq tk weh" Èk .Kkdjla u ÿlg yd fodïkig o
ixfõ.hg yd ika;dmhg o f.dÿrlaj y~d je,mSu isß;la jQfha h; t fyhska wE
;j;a ñ;=ßh ne,Sug fkd hEug is;d .;a;d h'
111
 tla;rd ikaOHdjl § f,dl= ,shqï ljrhla w;ska .;a wef.a ieñhd uy;a
ikaf;daIhlska ksfjig meñ‚fha h'

“Tkak Thdg nvqjla ;sfhkjd"” hs Tyq lS h'

jyd u ljrh brd ,shqu újD; l< wE" t;=<ska uqøs; ldâ m;la t<shg .;a;d h' tys
fu fia uqøKh lr ;sìK:

“wOHdmk wud;Hjrhd iy rïfmd[af[da ue;sksh" f,dhsi,a uy;df.a yd tu

ue;skshf.a m%sh iud.uh" ckjdß ui 18 jeks Èk iji wud;HdxY ukaÈrfha § uy;a
yrißka wfmalaId lr;s'”

fuu ldâ m; lshjd neÆ wE" ieñhd n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ wkaoñka m%fudaohg m;a jkq
fjkqjg wj{dfjka th fïih u;g úis lr ±uqjd h'

“´flka ug fudlla lrkafkhs lsh,d o lshkafka@”

“wehs wfka" uu ys;=jd Thd ´lg i;=gq fjhs lsh,d; Thd ljod j;a .ukla ìukla
hkafk kE fka; b;ska tAlg;a tlal fïl fyd| wjia:djla' ´l ux .;af;a fld
;rï jfoka fmdfrka o; fyd|g f;dar,d fír,d hs ´jd fokafka; ,smslrejkag
,efnkafka fndfydu ál hs; o<ldrfhda Tlafldu ál tfya È Thdg n,d .kak
mq¿jka fõú'”

fldamfhka Tyq foi ne,aula fy¿E wE fkd bjis,a,g m;a jQjd h'

“b;ska fudlla o ug ;sfhkafk wefÕa od f.k hkak Ths jf.a ;eklg@”

fï .ek Tyq l,amkd lr ;snqfKa ke;; Tyq f.d; .eiqfõ h'

“wehs" àg¾ n,kak hk fldg we| f.k hk tl@ ug kï tAl yß fyd|hs'”

fuúg Nd¾hdj y~kakg mgka .kq ±lSfuka wkao ukaoj úlaIsma;hg m;a jqKq Tyq
lSug lgg .;a foh;a k;r lr .;af;a h' wef.a fk;a fldkaj,ska úYd, l÷¿ ì÷
folla u;= ù uqj fofldkg rErd niskakg ù h'

“fudl o fï Thdg fj,d ;sfhkafka@ fudl o fï fj,d ;sfhkafka@” hs Tyq

melsf<ñka weiqfõ h'

fuys § n,j;a jEhulska ;u fYdalh ue~ .;a wE" f;;a fldmq,a ;, msi ouñka
ikaiqka ú,dihlska ms<s;=re ÿkakd h'
112
“kE" fudl=;a kE. ug w¢kak w÷ula kE' tAl yskaod Th mdáhg hkak nE' ug jvd
fyd|g we÷ï me,÷ï ;sfhk Nd¾hdjla bkak hd¿fjl=g ´l fokak'”

n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqka ù hEfuka Tyq n,j;a fia fodïkhg m;a jQfha h'

“fï n,kak ueá,avd"” hs Tyq WfoHda.fhka mejiqfõ h' “iEfyk we÷ulg lShla
ú;r hdú o@ fjk .uklg ìuklg;a we| f.k hkak mq¿jka úÈfh tllg"
fndfydu pdï mfya'”

wE" wrmsßueiafuka hq;= ,smslrejdf.ka tflfKys u m%;slafIam lsÍula fyda
úiauhdl+, rdjhla fyda fkd ,eîug kï lsj hq;af;a fl;rï uqo,a m%udKhla o
hkak is;ska .Kka n,ñka ;;amr lSmhla fï .ek l,amkd lr ne¨jd h' wjidkfha
§ wE u|la melsf<ñka fufia lSjd h:

“yßhg u ug lshkak nE" tA jqK;a ux ys;kjd ma/kal= ydr iShlska ú;r msß uy
.kak mq¿jka fõ ú lsh,d'”

fuh weiSfuka ,smslrejd u|la iqÿue<s ù .sfha h' l=ula ksid o h;aa; bre Èkj, §
;u ñ;=rka iuÕ jgqjka fjä ;eîu i|yd kdkaf;a¾ ;ekakg B<Õ .%SIau R;=fõ
isg hk woyiska ;=jlal=jla ñ, § .ekSug Tyq b;sß lr f.k ;snQ uqo,a m%udKh o
yßhg u tA .Kk u jQ fyhsks'

t fia jqj o Tyq" “fyd| hs" ux Thdg fokakï ma/kal= ydr iShla; ,iaik u we÷ula
.kak W;aidy lr ,d n,kak"” hs lS h'

W;aij Èkh <Õd jkakg ù h' tfy;a f,dhsi,a uy;añh ÿflka yd fÞïkiska
isákq olakg ,eìK' flfia jqj o" wef.a we÷u kï iQodkï j ;snqfKa h' tla;rd
ikaOHdjl § wef.a ieñhd wehg l:d lf<a h' “fudl o ±ka Thdg fj,d ;sfhkafka@
±ka ojia ;=kl fjf,a b|ka Thd álla wuq;= úÈhlg hs bkafka@”

“lfka lf¾ od .kak fudl=;a u ke;slu .ek hs ux fï ojia áfla u l,amkd

lr lr ysáfh. fïl uf.a ys;g f,dl= wudrejla. w¢kak wdnrKhla" ue‚la
.,la lsh,d fudl=;a u fohla we;af;a kE"” hs wE ms<s;=re ÿkakd h' “ux kslï u
kslï fudl=;a u ke;s tlshla jf. fmfkaú. mdáhg fkd hkjd kï jeäh fyd|
hs lsh,;a ug ysf;kjd'”

“u,a álla .y .kakfld"” hs wef.a ieñhd mejiS h' “wjqreoafoa fï ldf, È u,a
we£u ;uhs w¨;a u mkafka; ma/kal= oyhla ÿkaku fyd| ,iaik frdai u,a fol
;=kla .kak mq¿jka fõú'”
tfy;a fï lshqu wE fkd ms<s.;a;d h'
113
 “kE'''' fmdfydi;a .Ekq ueoafoa ÿmam;a úÈhg bkak tl ;rï ,eÊcd ke;s jevla
kE'”

“Thd fldÉpr fudav o!” hs fuys § wef.a ieñhd tla jr u rdjhla keÕ=fõ h'
“.syska yïn fjkakfld Thdf. hd¿jdj: f*dfriaáh¾ fkdakdj' yïn fj,d"
miafi .syska fok lx b,a, .kakfld lkg lrg od .kak fudlj;a. tfyu tlla
lr .kak ;rug hd¿lula ;sfhkjd fkao@”

fuh weiQ wE m%S;s rdjhla msg l<d h'

“we;a; fkakakxæ ug tfyu tlla .ek l,amkdjla jqfKa u kE fk'”

Bg miq Èk ;u ñ;=ßh ne,Sug .sh wE ;udg uqyqK mdkakg ù we;s ÿIalr;dj .ek
wehg lSjd h'

f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añh lKaKdä fïifhka úYd, iaj¾KdNrK fmÜáhla t<shg

f.k f,dhsi,a uy;añh fj; th f.k wdjd h. wk;=rej th újD; l< wE"
“fïjdhska Thdg ´k tlla f;dard .kak"” hs lSjd h'

fuys § uq,ska u f,dhsi,a uy;añhf.a wei .eiqfKa j<¨ j.hlg h; wk;=re j uq;=
ud,hla o Bg;a miq j rkska yd rejkska ksujk ,oaod jQ;a úYsIag leghñka w,xldr
jQ;a fjkSishdkq l=reihla o wE ÿgqjd h' fï r;akdNrK tlska tl f.k me,| .;a
f,dhsi,a uy;añh tAjdfhka ,efnk w,xldrh i,ld .kq i|yd legm; bÈßfha
isg .;a;d h. blaì;sj tAjd <syd ;eîug is; idod .; fkd yels jQ wE" melsf<ñka
jßka jr" “fjk wdNrK fyau uql=;a keoao wfka@” hs ñ;=ßhf.ka m%Yak l<d h'

“wehs fï ;j ;sfhkafka" fyd|g n,kakfld wfka. Thd f. ys;g fïjhska fudlla

w,a,hs o lsh,d kï ug lshkak nE'”

fuys § yÈiaisfhka u f,dhsi,a uy;añh" l¿ ieáka fmÜáhl nyk ,o b;d úÑ;%

Èhuka;s ud,hla ÿgqjd h. th ÿgq flfKys u wef.a yoj; ,Êcd úrys; wdYdjlska
fõ.fhka iamkaokh jkakg jQfha h. th .ks;a u wehf.a w; fjjq,S h. Wia
lrlska hq;= jQ ;u we÷ug Wäka f., jgd th ne| .;a wE legm; bÈßhg f.dia
;u o¾Ykfhka f;dfuda u jYSlD;j m%y¾Ifhka ál fõ,djla n,d .;a jk u
n,d f.k isáhd h'

blaì;s j wE fõokd;aul iajrhlska"

“fïl ug Khg fokak mq¿jka o@ fïl ú;r u hs ux b,a,kafka"” hs weiqjd h'

“´l;a jevla he wfkaæ wrx hkakfld b;ska'”

114
fkd bjish yels m%S;shlska yd m%fudaohlska ;u ñ;=ßh ism je,| .;a wE" wk;=rej
tu uyd¾> jia;=j o /f.k ksfjiska msg;aj .shd h'

W;aij Èkh t<ôfha h' t Èk W;aijhg iyNd.s jqKq f,dhsi,a uy;añh W;al¾Ij;a
wkaoñka fmkS isáhd h' W;aijhg meñK isá wka ish¨ u ldka;djkag jvd
rEu;a jQ;a ydjNdjfhka msreKd jQ;a ,d,s;Hj;a jQ;a wehf.a uqjf.ys bjiqï fkd
ÿka ikaf;daIhlska /÷Kq u|yila ù h' iEu msßñfhla u o,ajd .;a fofk;ska
wehg ne¨ï fy¿fõ h; weh f.a ku l=ula ± hs úuiqfõ h' iEu fofkla u wehg
y÷kajd fokq ,eîug wdYd lf<da h' leìkÜgqfõ iEu ks,Odßhl= ;=< u weh iuÕ
fjd,aÜia N%uK kegqul fh§fï wdYdjla my< úh' wud;Hjrhdf.a ne,aug o wE
yiq jQjd h'

fufia iEu fokl= ;=< u wkqrd.hla ±kjQ wE n,j;a m%S;shlska yd fidïkilska

Woaodu j kegqjd h. ldka;d yoj;g t;rï ri nr jk mQ¾K úch.%dyS yeÕ=ñka
hq;= jQ wE" ne¨jkaf.a yoj;a ;=< ±,ajQ ,d,idjka o iEu w;lska u ;ud lrd
.,d wd wdYap¾hj;a wdya,dohka yd nyqudkhka o lrK fldg f.k my< jQ
w;suy;a ikaf;daIhlska ±jà .shd" ;u id¾:l;ajh;a rEm fi!kao¾hh;a ms<sn|
wNsudkfhka wka lsisjla .ek l,amkdjla fkdue;s j wdkkao m%jdyhl .sf,ñka
y¾fIdakaudofhka kegqjd h'

weh wdmiq .sfha w¨hu y;rg muK h' ueÈhï /fha isg wef.a ieñhd" ;u
ìßhkag ikaf;daIfhka ld,h .; lsÍug bv y< ;ud yd iudk jQ ;j;a ieñhka
;sfokl=ka iuÕ ysia md¿ ldurhl kskafoka miq jQfha h'

wdmiq hEug ierfi;a § Tyq f.kjq;a ;snQ í,ekaflaÜgqj wehf.a lr jgd oud
fmrù h' idudkH ckhdf.a È<s÷ fmdfrdakhla jQ th;a kegqï W;aijhg we| isá
idvïnr we÷u;a w;r jQ fjki lemS fmksK' fï .ek wehg o yeÕS .sh fyhska
w.kd f,dï lndj, ±jfgñka isá wfkla ldka;djkaf.a weig yiq fkdjkq i|yd
t;ekska yels blaukska m,d hdug wE W;aidy l<d h' tfy;a f,dhsi,a uy;d weh
k;r lr .;af;a h'

“álla bkak" ueá,avd" t<shg neiafid;a fyïìßiaidjla tfyu yefokak mq¿jks.

ux .sys,a,d leí tlla wrka tk lx álla bkak'”

tfy;a Tyqg lka kqÿka wE" jy jyd ;rmamq fm<ska my<g neiaid h' tfia nei
ùÓhg ng Tjqkag l=,S ßhla fidhd .ekSug fkd yels ù h' t fyhska Tjqyq wE;
.uka .;a l=,S ßheÿrkag y~ .iñka" l=,S ßhla fidhñka bÈßhg hkakg jQ y'

iS;f,ka fjjq,ñka lkiai¨ iy.; is;ska" Tjqyq fiaka kÈh foig .uka
lf<da h' wjidkfha § fiaka k§ nv" nvq f.dv ndk fõÈldfõ § rd;%sfha tyd fuyd
115
 hk tkakd jQ o ;u ld,lKa‚ ÿlanr ;;a;ajh Èjd ld,fha § fmkaùug ,Êcdfjka
fuka meßia k.rh wjg flÈkl j;a oyj,a l, § olskakg fkd ,efnkakd jQ o
tA mer‚ mkakfha r:j,ska tlla Tjqkag olskakg ,eìK'

fuu l=,S r:fhka foa ud;¾ ùÓhg meñ‚ Tjqyq fYdaldl=, j ;ukaf.a ksfjig md
keÕ+ y'

wehg kï ±ka ish,a, u wjidk h. tfy;a Tyq l,amkd lf<a h<s;a Wfoa oyhg ;ud
ld¾hd,fha fmkS isáh hq;= ùu .ek h'

ksfjfia § kej; jrla ;u rEm fi!kao¾hh wdiajdokh lsÍfï wáfhka legm;

bÈßhg .sh wE" ;u fmdfrdakh bj;a l<d h' tflfKys u wE uy y~la keÕ=jd h'
weh f.f,ys ne| f.k isá ud,h tys olakg fkd ;sì‚'

“wehs fudl o fï@” hs fï jk úg wvla ÿrg we÷ï udre lr isá wef.a ieñhd
m%Yak lf<a h'
lsj fkdyels ;rï fõokdjlska mSä; jQ wE Tyq foig yereKd h'

“f*dfriaáh¾ fkdakdf.a udf, - udf, ke;s fj,d'”

folka weoysh fkdyels jQ Tyq ;s.eiaiqfKa h'

“fudlla@ fudlla - tAl fjkak nE'”

blaì;sj Tjqyq wef.a fmdfrdakfha /<s w;r;a we÷fï /<s w;r;a idlal=j,;a ne,sh
yels wfkla iEu ;ekl;a ud,h jeà we;a± hs mÍlaId lr neÆ y' tfy;a Tjqkag
th fidhd .ekSug fkdyels jQfha h'

“mdáh bjr fj,d wdmyq tk fldg udf, ;snqKhs lsh,d Thdg u;l o@” hs Tyq
weiqfõ h'

“Tõ" weu;s ue÷fr Yd,dfõ § ux tAl w; .d,;a ne¨jd'”

“tA jQKdg mdfrÈ ke;s jqKd kï tAl jefgk ioafo wmsg wefykak ´k fk' ux
ys;kafk leí tfla § fjkak we;s jegqK kï jefgkak we;af;'”

“ud;a ys;kjd¦ leí tfla fkdïurh Thd ,shd .;a;d o@”

“kE" Thd ,shd .;a;d o@”
“kE'”

Tjqyq N%dka;j Tjqfkdjqkaf.a uqyqKq n,d .;ay' wjidkfha § f,dhsi,a h<s;a jrla
we֕ ,d .;af;a h'
116
“wms wdmq mdr Èf.a wdmyq mhska u ux hkakï"” hs Tyq lS h' “mhska u .sys,a,d fydhd
.kak mq¿jka o lsh,d n,kakï"”

fufia lshQ Tyq f.hska t<shg nei hkakg .sfha h' isÿ jQ fohska wka;hg u ueé
.sh f,dhsi,a uy;añh isys l,amkdfjka f;dr j we|g hEug o Yla;shla fkdue;sj
kegqï W;aijhg we| f.k .sh we÷u msáka u mqgqjlg ù .=<s .eiS n,d f.k
isáhd h'

Wfoa y;g muK wef.a ieñhd fmr<d ksfjig meñ‚fha h¦ Tyqg ud,h iïn ù
fkd ;sìK'

Tyq fmd,sia i:dkhg;a m%jD;a;s m;% ld¾hd,j,g;a l=,S r: iud.ïj,g;a f.dia

fï .ek ±kqï ÿkafka h¦ ud,h fidhd fokakl=g ;E.a.la §ug o Tyq bÈßm;a
jQfha h' w,am ud;% jQ fyda n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla ;eìh yels hï ;ekla ù kï tA iEu
;eklg u Tyq f.dia fidhd ne¨fõ h'

tA uq¿ Èkh u wE fï ìhlre úm;ska lïmdjg m;a j wdl=, jHdl=,j .sh ukiska
ld,h .; l<d h'

f,dhsi,a iqÿue<s j" we§ .sh uqyq‚ka rd;%sfha ksfjig meñ‚fha h'

“±ka b;ska ;sfhkafk" hd¿jdg ,shqula odkak"” hs Tyq lS h' “udf, .dxpqj levqK
yskaod tAl yokak ÿkakhs lsh,d ,sh,d wßkak' t;fldg wmsg fïl .ek ;j;a
fidh,d n,kak l,a ,efíú'”

Tyq lS mßÈ wE ,shuk ,shqjd h'

iqudkhla .; fj;a u Tjqkaf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;= ish,a, u iqka ù .sfha h'

tu iqudkfha § wjqreÿ mylska jhig f.dia isá f,dhsi,a uy;d" “±ka b;ska ke;s
jqKq udf, fjkqjg fjkska ud,hla wms wrka fokak n,kak ´fk"” hs mejiqfõ h'

B<Õ Èkfhys Tjqyq ud, fmÜáh o /f.k tys ku i|ykaj ;snQ iaj¾KdNrK
fjf<kaod fidhd f.k .sfhda h' l=ú;dkais fmd;a fmr<d neÆ fjf<kaod" —fï
udf, úl=K,d ;sfhkafk uu fkfjhs fkdakd' uu ud, fmÜáh ú;rla iuyr
fj,djg úl=Kkak we;s"” hs lSfõ h'

blaì;sj Tjqyq miq;eú,af,ka yd fõokdfjka mSä;j ;u ;ukaf.a u;lfha

ieáhg wr ke;s jQ ud,hg iudk ud,hla fidhñka fjf<kaol= fjf<kaol= mdid
hEug mgka .;af;da h'
117
 fufia tn÷ ud,hla fidhñka weúoaod jQ Tjqkag mef,a frdah,a ùÓfha msysá lsis hï
idmamqjl § ;uka fidhk ud,hg iEu w;lska u jdf.a iudk jQ ud,hla yuq jQfha h'
tys jákdlu ma/kal= y;,sia odyla ù h' ;sia yh odylg th Tjqkag úlsŒug
fjf<kaod leu;s jQfha h'

Èk ;=kla hk ;=re th fkd úl=Kd ;nd .kakd f,ig;a fmnrjdß udih wjidk
ùug m<uq ke;s jQ ud,h iïn jqK fyd;a fï ud,h ma/kal= ;sia y;r odylg
wdmiq .kakd f,ig;a Tjqyq weúá,s lr" fjf<kaodf.ka leue;a; ,nd .;af;da h'

f,dhsi,a fj; mshdf.ka ,enqK ma/kal= oy wg odyla ù h. b;sß uqo, Khg .;

hq;= jQfha h'

ienúka u Tyq th Khg .;af;a h' tla whf.ka ma/kal= odyla o ;j;a whl=f.ka
ma/kal= mka odyla o ;j;a fo ;eklska ¨ù myla yd ;=kla o Tyq Khg .;af;a h'
fï i|yd fm%dñiß fkdÜgqj,g w;aika ;enQ Tyq úkdYldÍ .súiqïj,g ueÈy;a ù h;
wêl f,i fmd,S wh lrkakka yd uqo,a Khg fokakka iuÕ ne÷ïj,g t<UqfKa h'
Tyq ;udf.a uq¿ wkd.;h u Wlia lf<a h; f.ùug yels fõ o yels fkd fõ o
hkak fkd ±k u Kh ms<sn| ,shlshú,sj,g w;aika ;enqfõ h' fufia wkd.;fha §
ú£ug isÿ jk ÿla mSvdjka yd lïlfgd¨ o oreKq w.ysÕlï yd wdmodjka o YdÍßl
jQ;a udkisl jQ;a wdm;a;Ska yd úm;a;Ska o .ek ìfhka we,f<ñka u Tyq ma/kal=
;sia yh oyi f.k f.dia w¨;a ud,h ñ, § .ekSug fjf<kaod f.a fïih u;
;eî h'

f,dhsi,a uy;añh ud,h /f.k" fmr<d f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añh lrd .sh úg weh
fkdreiakd ú,dihlska fufia lSjd h:

“óg l,ska fkao fïl f.k;a fokak ;sjqfK@ ug;a ´l ´k flrejd kï tfyu@”

f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añh" ;u ñ;=ßh ìfhka is;d f.k isá mßÈ ud, fmÜáh újD;
lr fkd ne¨jd h' tys ;snqfKa fjk ud,hla nj ±k .;a;d kï weh l=ula is;kq
we;a o@ ;ud fyrlehs is;d fkd .kakS o@

t;eka isg w.-ysÕlïj,ska ñßl=Kq Ôú;hl ìhlrelu f,dhsi,a uy;añhg

±fkkakg ù h' uq, isg u wE ;ud i;= fldgi ks¾NS;j ùrj;aj bgq l<d h' fï
Nhxlr Kh;=reia ish,a, u f.jd wjika l< hq;= jQfha h' weh ish,a, u ú| ord
.kq we;' fiaúldj wia lr oukq ,enQ w;r" ksfji o fjkia lrk ,oafoa h' Tjqyq
Wvq uy,l mshis fldklg kqÿre l=vd ldurhl jdihg meñ‚hy'

f.or fodrl mj;akd nr jev lghq;= .ek o uq¿;ekaf.hl mSvdldÍ fjfyilr

jev m< .ek o weh ;=< wjfndaOhla we;s jQfha h' wE f;,a iys; ye<s j<ka o
118
fjk;a ueá n÷ka o msÕka fldamam yd §is mSßis o ;u frdai meye;s ksh f.ù hk
;=re fiaÿjd h' ls,sá frÈ fmrÈ o lñi yd fjk;a we÷ï me,÷ï o fia¥ wE" tAjd
je,l jekqjd h¦ iEu Wohl u li< l+vh my< ùÓhg f.k f.dia oeuQ wE" ùÒfha
isg Èh n÷ka ksfjig Wiaid f.k tk w;r uÕ § ;rmamq fmf<a iEu ;,hl § u
k;r ù y;s weßhd h' È<s÷ ÿmam;a .eyekshl fuka we÷ï me,÷ï l< wE wf;a t,a,d
.;a u,a,la we;sj m,;=re l=¿nvq uia wdÈh úl=Kk fjf<kaoka fj; f.dia iEu
;Uhla u b;sß lr .ekSfï n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka Tjqka iuÕ flafj,a lrñka iKavq
onr lrñka kskaod wmydi úkaÞ h'

iEu udihl § u iuyr fkdaÜgq f.úh hq;= jQ w;r" iuyr fkdaÜgq w¨;a lr .;
hq;= ù h¦ fu fia fu mßoafoka ld,h .; ù .sfha h'

wef.a ieñhd ijia ld,fha § lsis hï fjf<kaol=f.a .sKqï jd¾;d ilia lsÍfuys
fhÿfKa h¦ fndfyda úg rd;s% ld,h Tyq .; flf<a mekai nd.hlg msgqj .Kfk
msgm;a lsÍfuys fh§fuks'

fuu Ôú;h wjqreÿ oyhla mej;=fKa h'

wjqreÿ oyh wjidkfha § Kh ;==reia ish,a, u wêl fmd,S .kakkaf.a uqo,a o je,a
fmd,sfhka tl msg tl tl;= jQ uqo,a o wdÈ jYfhka Kh ;=reia ish,a, u Tjqyq
f.jd ksoyia lr ±uQ y'

fï jk úg f,dhsi,a uy;añh uy¨ fmkqulska hq;=j isáhd h¦ wE È<s÷ f.j,

jik wfkla ia;S%ka fuka yeä±ä" Yla;su;a" f.dfrdaiq" oro~q ia;s%hl njg m;aj
isáhd h' wjq,aj .sh ls,sá fliska o úisÍ .sh wúkS; we÷ï me,÷ñka o r;=j r¿ jQ
oE;aj,ska o hq;= jQ wE" uy yçka lE.iñka l:d l<d h¦ Èh myrj,a fõ.fhka tA
fï w; .iñka ìu fiaÿjd h¦ tfy;a we;eï úfgl ieñhd ld¾hd,hg f.dia isák
wjia:dj, § cfka,h wi,ska jdä jk wE" È.= lf,lg fmr .; l< tA iqkaor
ikaOHdj .ek;a" ;ud tA ;rï rEu;aj ±l=ïl¨j ikaf;daIfhka .; l< tA W;aijh
.ek;a l,amkd lrñka ld,h .; l<d h'

tu ud,h weh w;ska ke;s fkdjQfha kï l=ula isÿ úh yelsj ;snqfKa o@ ljqre th
oks;a o@ ljqre okska o@ Ôú;h fl;rï woaN+; ckl o@ fl;rï fmrf<kiq¨ o@
wmf.a úkdYhg fyda .e,ùug jqjukd lrkafka fl;rï iq¿" fl;rï w,am ud;%
fohla o@

tla bre Èfkl" i;sfha jevj,ska úfõlhla ,nkq i`oyd Idx fi,sfiays weú§ug
.sh f,dhsi,a uy;añhg" l=vd orejl= w;ska w,a,d f.k .uka lrñka isá ia;%shla
yÈisfha u olskakg ,enqKd h' tA f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añh jQjd h' wE tl, ;reK
úfha isá wkaoñka u" fhdjqka núka hq;=j rEu;aj iqkaorj isáhd h'
119
 f,dhsi,a uy;añh wdfõ.hkaf.ka le,ö .shd h' wehg l:d l< hq;= o@ Tõ"
i;a;lska u l:d l< hq;= h'

±ka ish,a, u f.jd wjika lr we;s fyhska ish,a, u wehg fy<s l< hq;= h' tfia
fkd l< hq;af;a ukao@

blaì;sj f,dhsi,a uy;añh weh fj;g .shd h'

“iqN WoEikla fõjd" Ôkaæ”

weh y÷kd .ekSug f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añhg fkd yels jQ fyhska" ÿmam;a È<s÷ ia;s%hl
;udg fufia okakd y÷kk kshdfhka wduka;%Kh lsÍu .ek wE mqÿuhg m;a jQjd h'
“ug fï tlaflkdj w÷kkak nE"” hs wE f.d;.iñka mejiQjd h' “fudlla yß
jer§ula fj,d fjkak we;s'”

“kE' jer§ula fj,d kE' uu ueá,avd f,dhsi,a'”

fuh wi;a u wef.a ñ;=ßh úiauhdl=, rdjhla msg l<d h'

“wfka" uf.a wirK ueá,avd''' Thd fldÉpr fjkia fj,d o'''@”

“Tõ" tod Thdj yïnq fj,d l:d nia lr,d .sh ojfi b|ka wo jk ;=re uu úkao
lror ysßyer wkka; hs''' wm%udK hs''' b;ska tA Tlafldau ux úkafo Thd yskaod'''”

“fudkjd''''@ ux yskaod''''@ tA fldfydu o''''@”

“tod wud;HdxYfha mdáhg ug we| f.k hkak Thd §mq Èhuka;s ud,h Thdg u;l
o@”

“Tõ" u;l hs'”

“tAl uf.ka ke;s jqKd''''”

“tA fldfydu o''''@ ug tAl Thd wdmyq f.keú;a ÿkakd fk'”

“kE" ux tAl wdmiq f.keú;a ÿkafk kE' ux wdmiq f.keú;a ÿkafk tA udf, jf.a
u fjkska ud,hla' b;ska myq jqKq wjqreÿ oyh ;siafia u wms tAlg Kh f.jqjd'
Thdg f;afrkjd we;s fka" fudlj;a u ke;s wmsg tÉpr i,a,shla f.jk tl f,ais
jevla fjkak neß ú;a;sh''' fldfydu yß wms tA Kh ál f.j,d bjr flrejd¦ tAl
uf.a ys;g f,dl= i;=gla'˜

f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añh k;r ù n,d .;a .uka isáhd h'

120
 “Thd lshkafk uf.a Èhuka;s udf, fjkqjg Thd fjkska Èhuka;s ud,hla ug
f.k;a ÿkakhs lsh,d o@”

“Tõ" Thdg tAl f;arefK kE fka o@ wdhs wer,d kE" fol u tl jf.a u hs'”

fu fia lshQ wE" wdvïnrh;a wysxil ikaf;daIh;a .eí jqKq u|yila mEjd h'

n,j;a fia lïmdjg m;a f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añh wehf.a oE; w,a,d .;a;d h'

“wfka" uf.a wirK ueá,avd! uf.a tA udf, fndre Èhuka;s ud,hlaæ fyd|g u jeä
jqfKd;a tAl jàú ma/kal= mkaiShla''''æ”

wNHdi

01' Èhuka;s ud,h ke;s ùug fmr isysk f,dalhl Ôj;a jQ ueá,avd miq j ienE
f,dalfha lghq;= l< wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' Èhuka;s ud,h flál;dfõ “ueá,avdf.a ieñhd jk f,dhsi,a hym;a

ieñfhls'” Tfí woyia olajkak'

03' fuu flál;dfjys w;a±lSu m%ldY lsÍu i|yd wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKh lr
we;s wdldrh idlÉPd lrkak'

04' l;=jrhd flál;dfõ pß; icSù f,i ksrEmKh lr we;s wdldrh idlÉPd
lrkak'

121
 15 oEf;a lr.eg isU ikikakg'''
uy.u fialr ^1929 - 1976&

ishkE fldar<fha lsߢje, k.rhg wdikak rodjdk

.ï mshfiys § uy.u fialr uy;d Wmkafka h'
.eñ mßirhl ye§ jefvñka Ôjk ;lai,dfjka
fkdu| w;a±lSï ,;a fyf;u miq lf,l ish ks¾udK
Ôú;hg tu w;a±lSï msájy,la lr .;af;a h'
.=rejrfhl= f,i ish jD;a;Sh Èúh wdrïN l<
fialr" .=re úµd, lÓldpd¾hjrhl=" .=jkaúÿ,s
Ys,amshl= fuka u mqj;am;a l,dfõÈfhla o jQfha h'
ldjH" .S;" kdgH" kjl;d" flál;d" iskudj"
Ñ;% l,dj yd mqj;am;a l,dj hk úúO idys;Hdx.
u.ska Tyq ks¾udKlrKfhys ,d ;u iu;alï m%lg lf<a h' flfia fj;;a fialr
jvd;a risl úpdrl wjOdkh Èkd .;af;a ldjH ks¾udKlrKfhks' fkdñfhñ"
ilajd,sysKs" m%nqoaO Tyq ,shq ldjH lD;s lsysmhls' Tyqf.a kdgH rpkd .S; kdgl yd
^.µuh iajrEmfhka flfrk ixjdo rys;" yqfola .dhkfhka u Ndj iQpkh
flfrk kdgl& .S;dx. kdgl" ^.S;fhka u l;d úldYkh isÿ fkd jk" .µ
ixjdo o we;=<;a .S;h Ndj iQpkfha wx.hla muKla f,i Ndú; lrk kdgl&
hk fofldgig fjka lr ±laúh yels h' l=Kav,flaYS" ioaoka;" yxi .S;h Tyq
l< kdgH lsysmhls'
;=xuxyxÈh yd ufkdaukaÈr Tyq ,shQ kjl;d jk w;r" miq j ;=xuxyxÈh Tyq w;ska u
s úh' ‘r;ak§m
iskud lD;shla njg o m;a úh' fialr w;ska m%nkaê; .S; b;d ckm%h
ckau N+ñ’" ‘wefia u;= jk l÷`M ì÷ f.k’" ‘md¿ w÷re ks,a wyi uuhs’ jeks .S;
bka iuyrls' ‘wkak n,ka i|’" ‘wE; l÷lr ysuõ wrfKa’ Tyq ,shQ ckmsh % kdgH
.S; lSmhls'
uy.u fialrhkaf.a ldjH yd .S mo rpkdjkays ck .S iïm%odh yd iïNdjH idys;Hh
uekúka iïñY%Kh ù ;sìKs' tajd iefulla u w¾: yd Ndj mQ¾K ks¾udK h'
idïm%odhsl fy< l,dj we;=`M ixialD;sl ,laIK wúfhdackSh j Tyqf.a ks¾udK yd
ne£ mej;=Ks'
fialrhka ,shQ m%nqoaO we;=¿ lD;s .Kkdjla u m%ldYhg m;a jkafka Tyq ñh hEfuka
wk;=rej h' isxy, .µ mµ ks¾udKhkays ßoau ,laIK kï jQ m¾fhaIK .%ka:h
o tjekakls' fuu ksnkaOh i|yd uy.u fialr uy;dg wdpd¾h Wmdêh
122
 msßkeñKs' ñh.sh whl= m¾fhaIKh ksnkaOhla i|yd YS% chj¾Okmqr
úYajúoHd,fha wdpd¾h Wmdêfhka msÿï ,o m%:u wjia:dj o fuh fõ'

fuu mdvu i|yd fhdod f.k we;s ‘oEf;a lr.eg isU ikikakg’ ks¾udKh
m%nqoaO ldjH ix.%yfhka Wmqgd .;a fldgils' miq j uy.u fialrhkaf.a fkdm<
.S; lD;sfhys o ‘m%d¾:kd’ kñka th m< ù we;' fuu mo je, ví' ã' wurfoajhka
úiska ix.S;j;a fldg úu,d wurfoajhka úiska .=jka úÿ,s .S;hla f,i o .dhkd
lrkq ,eìK'

fuu ks¾udKfhka foaYfha w;S; Y%S úN+;sh" cd;sldNsudkh yd Y%udNsudkh hk

ixl,am Y%djlhd ;=< cks; flfrk w;r" iuDoaêu;a fyg Èkhla ms<sn| wkd.;
wfmaËd o,ajk úYsIag ks¾udKhla f,i o fuh we.hSug ,la j we;'

oEf;a lr.eg isU ikikakg

<d f.dhfï o¿ mjka i,hs
oyÈh uq;= weg u,a jreid ù
lr,a nßka mS§ je.sfrhs

wv i| fudark ueÈhï wyiska

ì,s÷ yog lsß Èhr .,hs
fyg bÈ jk kj f,dalh ±l ±l
mqxÑ mq;d ySfkka yskefyhs

oyila jeõ ne¢ fhdaO ñksia le,

h<s bm§ we;s ujq forfKa
i;a rejkska kj ksoyka u;= ù
mq;=f. iskdfjks Tm jegqfKa

oEfia l÷<e,s msiod n,fkñ

fyg ysre t<shg jäk Èfka
Kh ke;s ìh ke;s ksjy,a hq.hl
mqxÑ mq;d rc lrkq fmfka

ud .; fjfyig wdorfhka Èh
W,am; mdok mqxÑ mq;=ka
ta .; fjfyi u i;=gla fjhs ug
Tn isys jk úg mqxÑ mq;=ka

123
 fooyia mkaish jirla ;siafia
ud ÿgq isyskh mqxÑ mq;=ka
Tn yg f,dalh bÈ lr § ñi
hd fkdyels h ug mqxÑ mq;=ka

wNHdi

1' fuu ks¾udKfhka cd;sl wNsudkh;a" Y%udNsudkh;a biau;= lr we;s wdldrh

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2' ks¾udKlrejd ;u ks¾udKh w¾: iïmkak lsÍug w;S; YS% úN+;sh fhdod
f.k we;s wdldrh w.h lrkak'

3' fuu ks¾udKfhka biau;= jk lúhdf.a m%d¾:kd we.hSug ,la lrkak'

4' fuh rij;a ks¾udKhla njg m;a lsÍug rplhd fhdod f.k we;s èjks;d¾:"
Ndjd¾:" rEmld¾:" ixfla; jeks rpkd Wml%u úuikak'

124
16 jiaidkh
r;ak Y%S úfÊisxy ^1953--&

1953 cQks ui fojeks Èk ol=Kq m<df;a kdlshdfoKsh

f;,a,Uqf¾ .%dufha § r;ak YS% úfÊisxy Wmkafka h'
Tyq m%d:ñl wOHdmkh ,enqfha kdj, rcfha mdi,"
f;,a,Uqr úoHdldka;s úÿy, yd f;,a,Uqr ÿgq.euqKq
úÿy, hk mdi,aj,sks' my fYa%Ksfha YsIH;ajh iu;ajQ
r;ak YS%" oaú;Shsl wOHdmkh i|yd yslalvqfõ YS% iqux.,
uOH uyd úoHd,hg we;=`M úh' bkslaì;s .d,a, ßÉukaâ
úoHd,fhka Wiia fm< f;la úoHd wxYfhka W.;a
fyf;u miqj fmardfoKsh úYajúµd,fhka isxy,
úIh ms<sn| f.!rj Wmdêh ,nd .;af;a h' le,Ksh
úYajúµd,fha Ydia;%m;s WmdêOrhl= o jk r;ak
YS% ish jD;a;Sh Ôú;h wrUkafka .=rejrhl= f,isks' miq lf,l ol=Kq m<d;a
wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ isxy, NdId tallh Ndr j lghq;= l< Tyq wk;=rej
WKjgqk wuriQßh .=re úoHd,fha lÓldpd¾hjrhl= f,i o fiajh lf<ah'
tfuka u Tyq wud;HdxY lsysmhl fcHIaG iyldr f,alï ;k;=re ord we;'
mqj;am;a lú msgq .Kkdjla ixialrKfhys fhfoñka wdOqksl lùkag .=re WmfoaY yd
ffO¾hh imhk r;ak YS% rEmjdyskS yd .=jkaúÿ,s jevigyka iïmdolhl= f,i o
mßphla ,eî h' ;Sre ,sms rpkfhka iy úfYaIdx. ,sms iïmdokfhka r;ak YS%
mqj;am;a l,djg o úfYaI odhl;ajhla imhhs'
fï ish¨ idys;H l¾;jHhka w;f¾ r;ak YS% úfÊisxyhka jvd;a u ckms%h
jQfha ldjH yd .S mo rpkfhks' 1975 § m< l< ìh fkdjka whshKaä Tyqf.a
m%:u ldjH ix.%yhhs' miqj mdGl úpdrl fkdu| wjOdkh ÈkQ jiaidfka ldjH
lD;sh m< úh' iqn WoEik ^rdcH iïudk& i,a .y hg" ;re ,l=K" uOHu hduh"
Tyqf.a wfkl=;a ldjH lD;s w;r fõ' r;ak YS%f.a .S; ix.%yhka jYfhka jxl.sß
wrfKa ^rdcH iïudk& iqÿ fk`Mu ^rdcH iïudk&" .x.d .S;h" br ngq ;rej"
fk; ks¨mq,a ^rdcH iïudk&" wd,lukaod ^rdcH iïudk& hk lD;s y÷kajd
Èh yels h' ie<,sysKsfhda" rkalsßlg" r;= lsls<s" iskaÿ lshk WK m÷r ^rdcH
iïudk& hk lD;s Tyqf.a <ud lD;s w;r fõ' ,iaiku wyi yd u;l is;=ú,s"
lgq.yhg" ,shje," w;a miqr hk ,sms ix.%yhka yd uy.u fialr yd iudc h:d¾:h
^uydpd¾h iqpß; .ï,;a iu.& úu¾Yk lD;sh r;ak YS%f.a f,aLk ld¾hhka w;r fõ'

125
 “uf.a ìiõfka widmka”" “lsre< uq;= ,syS”" “pkaø uKavf,a ie;mqK mqxÑ idúfha˜"
“ìïnrla fik. .ejiqK”" “f,kaÑkd uf.a kx.sfha”" jeks ckms%h .S ish
.Kkla r;ak YS% ,shd we;' r;ak YS% úfÊisxy idys;HOrhdf.a ks¾udK fufyjr
úu¾Ykh lrñka rÑ; úoaj;a ,sms /ilska iukaú; r;ak YS% kjlúfha pkafødaoh
lD;sh Tyqf.a ks¾udK Èúh ms<sn| udyeÕs újrKhls' rdcH iïudk /ilska msÿï
,;a fuu ks¾udKlrejd cmka “nqkald” iïudkfhka o we.hSug ,la flßKs'
wo ojfia;a r;ak YS% úfÊisxy isxy, idys;H lafIa;%fha fmdaIKhg ksn| j odhl
fjñka isáhs'

r;ak YS% úfÊisxyhkaf.a jiaidfka ldjH lD;sfhys tk ‘jiaidkh’ mµ mka;sh

ks¾udKh jQfha Tyq .=rejrhl= f,i fudkrd., Èia;s%lalfha yq,xod Th iómfha
Ôj;a jQ ld,fha h' tu mßirh o ck Ôú;h o uekúka w;aú`os lúhd tu.ska
ks¾udK /ila cd;shg odhdo lf<a h' ‘jiaidkh’ mµ ks¾udKh Ôjk o¾Ykhla
leálr.;a wmQ¾j mßir Ñ;%Khla o fjhs'

Th oE, fodvu¨ h" iqj| nerejd bkag

ks,a j;=r ;=re¨ lr flfia w;yer hï o@
flláhd m÷r iqÿ u,a fmdl=r jvdf.k
fid÷r" kqU jdf.a u yskefyah ud tlal
l=Uqla w;= j;=r w;..d keñ,d Èhg
Èh fl<sk yeá mqxÑ ud¿fjda ÿgqjd o@
mqr mfia i| tlal ;r.hg fudarkag
yq,xod Th lsï o u,ajrj b,auyg@
fifkayh msÍ .sh Tfn khk ks,a fmdl=K
Èh ks,k jeis ifï /,s k.d W;=rd h
;Ur fm;s w;r fy,aue,s f¾Kq jeis jisk
Tfn iskdfjka ksfõ yqKqj .sh f,a kyr
fojeg È. lr|je,a wdrelal= hg ieÕj
ks,a l=re¨ ì,s÷ ksÈ" weyerjkafka l=ug@
/f.k foda;g fmrd WKqyqug ysre t<sh
ñysß ujqlsß jf.a fmdjkafkñ kqU,dg
ruŒh jk .efnys fudkrekag ms,a úhk
ikakd,shka fldfydu wekaod o foaÿkak@
jeys j;=r byskjd kï Tjqka úys¿jg
l=re,af,da b.s,a,S jfrka kqU ud <Õg

126
 jeys j,dl=¿ rxpq l÷ uqÿkaj, ,.sk
±ka tAú ;eks ìug - iS;, hs uf. is;g
jeis ifï ? wef|a isyskhla ù bkak
Tn tkak - b;ska uf. fyg oji ug fokak

.sïydkfha .s,ka ù lDYj iqÿue,sj

weÈ we§ bls .eiQ .Õ kej; msßmqka h
ÿIalr h lshd yer hd hq;= o Ôú;h@
lgq fmdl=r ism .ksñ fyg u,la jkq ms‚i

wNHdi

01' my; i|yka fhÿïj, woyia meyeÈ,s lrkak'

“flláhd m÷r iqÿ u,a fmdl=r jvd f.k”

“l=Uqla w;= j;=r w;..d keñ,d Èhg”
“ruKSh jk .efí fudkrekag ms,a úhk”
“jeys j,dl=`M rxpq l÷ uqÿkaj, ,.sk”
“lgq fmdl=r ism .ksñ fyg u,la jkq msKsi”

02' wmQ¾j ldfjHdala;s ks¾udKfhys,d lúhd olajk iu;alu WodyrK foñka

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

03' mßirfha Ôj wÔj jia;+ka flfrys jiaidk iufhys n,mEu lúhd

j¾Kkhg yiq lrk whqre úia;r lrkak'

04' wÔj jia;+ka iÔjlrKfha § lúhd Ndú; lrk Wml%u idlÉPd lrkak'

05' fuu lú fmf<ka ±lafjk Ôjk oDIaáh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

06' “jiaidkh ldjH mka;sh pu;aldr ckl mßir j¾Kkhls'” fï lshuk

idlÉPd lrkak'

127
 isxy, idys;H b;sydih ieflúka

isxy, ks¾udKd;aul f,aLk w;r mer‚ u tAjd wmg yuq jkafka iS.sß l=regq ,sms
w;r fõ' moH ks¾udK nyq, j ±lsh yels fuu f,aLk w;r .oHuh mdG lsysmhla o
wka;¾.; h' iS.sß l=regq ,sms nyq;rhla ijk ishjfia isg oijk ishji f;la wjêhg
wh;a nj y÷kdf.k we;'

oïmshd wgqjd .egmoh ±kg yuq ù we;s mer‚ u isxy, lD;shhs' foìi jecd wnd
i,fujka fyj;a miajk ldYHm rcq úiska fuu lD;sh rpkd lr we;' isxy, NdIdj yd
tys b;sydih yeoEÍfï § fuh m%n, uQ,dY%hls' úkh .%ka:hla jk isLj<| yd isLj<|
úksi o idufKar NslaIQka i|yd úkh kS;s ix.%yhla jk fyrK isL yd fyrK isL
úksi o fï ld,fha § ,shd we;' ldjH Ydia;%hg wod< j ,shjqKq ishnia,lr lD;sh o
fï hq.fha ìys jQ f,aLk w;r jeo.;a fõ' th oKaä kue;s Ndr;Sh mçjrhdf.a
ldjHdo¾Y kï w,xldr .%ka:fha wkqjdohls' ishnia,lr l;=jrhd oijk ishji ueo
Nd.fha ,xldj md,kh l< isjqjk fiak rc;=ud nj ms<s.efka' fuu lD;sh fuka u
iS.sß legm;a mjqf¾ ks¾udK o fuu wjêfha ,xld iudcfhys ldjH rpkh ms<sn|j
mej;s Wkkaÿj ixfl;aj;a lrhs'

fodf<diajk iy oy;=kajk ishjia w;r ld,h ie,lSfï § iiodj;" uqjfoõÞj; yd

lõis¿ñK tl, ìys jQ lõ fmd;a fõ' fï w;r" lõis¿ñK isxy, idys;Hfha úYsIag;u
moH lD;sh f,i o ie,fla' fï wjêhg wÞ< .oH .%ka: w;r .=re¿f.daókaf.a wudj;=r yd
O¾u m%§msldj" úoHdpl%j¾;sf.a nq;airK lemS fmfkhs' j¾;udkfha mjd Wiia
wOHdmk wdh;kj, jHdlrK Ydia;%hg wod< j wOHhkh flfrk iso;a iÕrdj o
Pkaoia Ydia;%hg wod< j wOHhkh flfrk t¿ i|eia ,l=K o fuu jljdkqfõ §
,shk ,±hs ie,fla' ±kg úoHudk fkdjk mer‚ moH ldjHj,ska Wmqgd.;a mdG fï
lD;s foflys u we;=<;a fõ' tAjd bmer‚ isxy, idys;Hh ms<sn| .fõIKfha § ukd
msgqn,hla imhhs'

§¾> .oH .%ka: yd isjqmo ldjH .%ka: ,sùu wdrïN ù we;af;a oy;=kajk iy oyy;rjk
ishjia ys § muK h' O¾ufiak ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,o ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh iy
uhQrmdo mßfõKdêm;s nqoaOmq;% ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,o mQcdj,sh §¾> .oH lD;s
w;r m%Odk fõ' isxy, ck Ôú;h yd ne÷Kq mkaish mkia cd;l fmd; o jeo.;a §¾>
.oH .%ka:hls' th md,s cd;lÜGl;dj wdY%fhka rpkd lr we;'

mer‚ u isxy, isjqmo ldjH .%ka: f,i ie,flkafka ;sir ikafoaYh yd uhQr
ikafoaYhhs' mlaISka w; foúhkag hefjk m‚jqv fia ,shù we;s fuu isjqmo ldjH lD;s"
ikafoaY idys;Hh kñka o ye¢kafõ' fuu iïm%odhg u wkq.; mfrú" .srd" ie<,sys‚"
yxi" fldals, yd iejq,a wdÈ ikafoaY ldjH myf<diajk ishjfia § muK ,shú‚'

128
lõis¿ñK wdÈ uyd ldjH .Khg wh;a jk" f;dg.uqfõ rdyq, ysñhka rpkd l<
ldjHfYaLrh yd ùod.u ffuf;a%h ysñ rpkd l< nqÿ .=K w,xldrh iy jE;a;Efõ ysñ
rpkd l< .=;a;s, ldjHh o fï wjêhg wh;a isjqmo ldjH w;r iqúfYaI fõ'

by; ±lajqKq idys;H ks¾udK ish,a, iïNdjH idys;H .Khg wh;a flfrk w;r
fï fmf<ys wjidk mqrel f,i ie,flk w,.shjkak uqlfjáf.a l=i cd;l ldjHh
o isjqmo ldjH .%ka:hls'

idys;HlrKhg rcqkaf.a odhl;ajh ,eîu ,xld b;sydifha uq,a wjêfha isg

fidf<diajk ishji olajd lemS fmfkk ,laIKhls' wkqrdOmqr hq.fha úiQ miajk
ldYHm yd isjqjk fiak" oUfo‚ hq.fha úiQ fojk mrdl%undyq iy fldaÜfÜ hq.fha úiQ
ijk mrdl%undyq hk rcjre .%ka: l¾;Djre o fj;s' jxil:dj,g wkqj fojk uq.,ka
rcq uyd idys;HOrfhls' nqoaOodi" isjqjk mrdl%undyq hk rcjre o" ,S,dj;S /ðk o
fojk mrdl%undyq rc iufhys úiQ foajm%;srdc kï wud;Hjrhd o" kkakQre;=ffkhd¾
wud;Hjrhd o W,l=vh foaúh o idys;HlrKhg wkq.%y ±lajQ wh f,i ±lafj;s' fmd;a
msgm;a lsÍu i|yd úfYaI ks,OdÍka fldgila m;a lr" Tjqkag jegqma f.jk ,o njg o
idOl yuq fõ' miqld,Sk j úfoaYSh wdl%uK ksid mkai,a úydrdrdu úkdY lsÍfï §
mkai,aj, mej;s fmd;a.=,a úkdY ù hEu o wkqn, fok wdrdñl mßirhg ydks meñŒu o
jeks lreKq fya;=fjka isxy, idys;Hfha mßydkshla we;s úh' kej; idys;HlrKhg
m%fndaOhla we;s lsÍug oywgjk ishjfia je,súg irKxlr ix>rdc ysñhka úiska
lrk ,o Ydiksl m%;sixialrK fya;= úh' tfy;a th m%n, idys;H ks¾udK ìys
ùug ;rï m%udKj;a fkd ù h' fuf;la m%N+ ckhd iy NslaIQka m%uqL j kshe¨Kq
.%ka:lrKhg idudkH ck;dj m%úIag ùu ful, ±lsh yels h' thg ksoiqka l< yels
úfYaI u lD;s fol fjiaika;r cd;l ldjHh yd hfidaordj;hs'

mq¾;=.SiSka nhsn,h wdY%s; l;d isxy,hg mßj¾;kh lsÍu wdrïN lsÍu o oywgjk
ishji ueo Nd.fha § ,kafoaiSka úiska furgg uqøK Ys,amh y÷kajd foñka nhsn,h
isxy,hg mßj¾;kh lr uqøKh lsÍu o isxy, .%ka:lrKfha kj fjkialï úh'
oykjjk ishjfia § bx.%SiSyq o furg uqøKd, msysgqjd" nhsn,hg wu;r j mqj;am;a"
iÕrd o isxy, mdGlhkag y÷kajd ÿkay' fuu l%shdj,shg iu.dó j isxy, fn!oaO
m%ldYk uqøKhg iajlSh uqøKd, msysgqjd .ekSug iajfoaYsl ck;dj o W;aiql jQy' kj
msßfjka wdrïN ùu;a iu. mer‚ isxy, fmd;a yd iÕrd uqøKhg Tjqyq fm,UqKy'
fï w;r bx.%Sis m%nkaO l;d wkqlrKh lrñka foaYSh ck Ôú;h jia;= lr .;a m%nkaO
l;d ,sùug isxy, rplfhda fhduq jQy'

fuf,i wdrïN jqKq kQ;k isxy, idys;Hfha mqfrda.dóka f,i ie,flkafkda mshodi
isßfiak" ví,ahq'tA' is,ajd" l=udr;=x. uqksodi" /msfh,a f;kakfldaka" ud¾áka úl%uisxy"
uy.ufialr" Ô'î' fiakdkdhl" uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø wd§yq h' Tjqyq iïNdjH
idys;Hfhka iy úYaj idys;Hfhka wdNdih ,nñka kQ;k isxy, idys;H lafIa;%h
fmdaIKh l<y' Tjqkaf.a wdNdih ,nñka" f,dalfha kj idys;H m%jK;d .fõIKh
lrñka kQ;k isxy, idys;H lafIa;%hg tla jQ f,aLlfhda fndfyda fj;s' j¾;udk
isxy, idys;Hh fï ish,a, weiqf¾ ks¾udKh fjhs'

129
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