BERNAS TIFFANY T.

BSCRIM1D
READING IN THE PHILIPPINES
ASSIGNMENT NO 7
FINALS
1. Name of President:
2. Family(Brief description)
3. Goals:
4. Obstacles/challenges
5. Strength and weaknesses
6. Policy/program
7. Achievements
8. Failures
9. Relationship to the next president
NAME: SERGIO OSMEÑA SR.
FAMILY (BRIEF DESCRIPTION): The Osmeña family, a rich and prominent clan of Chinese Filipino heritage
with vast business interests in Cebu, warmed to him as he established himself as a prominent figure in local society.
THE PARENT OF SERGIO, Don Pedro Lee Gotiaoco/Juana Osmeña y Suico
GOALS: The liberation of the Philippines, the Commonwealth of the Philippines
OBSTACLES/CHALLENGES: President Osmeña proceeded with the immediate reorganization of the
government and its diverse dependencies. On 8 April 1945, he formed his Cabinet, administering the oath of office
to its component members.Later, President Osmeña received the Council of State to help him solve the major
problems confronting the nation. Government offices and bureaus were gradually reestablished.
STRENGHT AND WEAKNESSES: Osmena was brought back to reestablish a legitimate civilian government, to
oversee post-war recovery, and to prepare the Philippines for independence. Osmena was considered by many to be
a weak and ineffectual leader, lacking the skill and charisma of his predecessor.
POLICY/PROGRAM: Restoration of the Commonwealth, Government reorganization, Government
reorganization, People's court. He led the country in its initial stage of political maturation by his honest and selfless
devotion to public service.
ACHIEVEMENT: Became president at 65, making him the oldest person to hold office, First Visayan to become
president, Joined with U.S. Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 to begin restoration of
philippine freedom after Japanese occupation, Philippine National Bank was rehabilitated and the country joined the
International Monetary Fund during his presidency, Bell Trade Act was approved by the U.S. Congress during his
presidency and Appears on the 50-peso bill
FAILURES- Osmena was a notable figure in the struggle for independence.He refused to campaign during the
election of 1946, and lost it to Manuel Roxas. He was, however, defeated (1946) in the first elections of an
independent Philippines.
RELATIONSHIP TO THE NEXT PRESIDENT: In 1932 Roxas and Sergio Osmeña, the Nacionalista Party
leader, led the Philippine Independence Mission to Washington, D.C., where they influenced the passage of the
Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act.
THE NEXT PRESIDENT
NAME: MANUEL ACUÑA ROXAS.
FAMILY (BRIEF DESCRIPTION): The parent Gerardo Arroyo Roxas and Rosario Villaruz Acuña. He was a
posthumous child, as his father died after being mortally wounded by the Spanish Guardia Civil the year before. He
and his older brother, Mamerto, are raised by their mother and her father, Don Eleuterio Acuña. His other siblings
from his father include Leopoldo and Margarita while he also had half siblings which consist of Consuelo,
Leopoldo, Ines and Evaristo Picazo after his mother remarried.
GOALS: Rehabilitation of the Philippine Nation
OBSTACLES/CHALLENGES: Economy-Production-Businesses-Unemployment,Education And Huks.
STRENGHT/ WEAKNESSES: Low output growth ,High unemployment rate
PROGRAMS/POLICY: The Philippine Rehabilitation Act,The Philippine Trade Act,Treaty of General Relations
–August 5, 1946 and General Amnesty for Guerillas:
ACHIEVEMENT: Naugurated as the first president of the new Republic after World War II,Reconstruction from
war damage and life without foreign rule began during his presidency,Under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation
Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were accepted by Congress and Appears on the 100-peso bill.
FAILURES: His administration was marred by graft and corruption; moreover, the abuses of the provincial military
police.
RELATIONSHIP TO THE NEXT PRESIDENT: After World War II, Quirino served as secretary of state and
vice president under the first president of the independent Philippines, Manuel Roxas.
THE NEXT PRESIDENT
NAME: ELPIDIO RIVERA QUIRINO
FAMILY (BRIEF DESCRIPTION): Elpidio Quirino was born on November 16, 1890 in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. He
was the third child of Don Mariano Quebral Quirino of Caoayan, Ilocos Sur and Doña Gregoria Mendoza Rivera of
Agoo, La Union. He is a Chinese mestizo descendant, just like many other presidents.
GOALS: Fix the economy of his administration
OBSTACLES/CHALLENGES: the precarious financial position of the Government, and second, the
unsatisfactory condition of peace and order in many a countryside
STRENGHT - political leader and second president of the independent Republic of the Philippines
WEAKNESSES- in tolerating rampant graft and corruption in his party, permitting immorality in the armed forces,
and neglecting the impoverished plight of the majority of Filipinos,
POLICY/PROGRAMS: PACSA (President’s Action Committee on Social Amelioration), ACCFA (Agricultural
Credit Cooperatives Financing Administration) and Labor Management Advisory Board, and the Rural Banks of the
Philippines.
ACHIEVEMENTS: Quirino's six years as president were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general
economic gains, and increased economic aid from the United States.
FAILURES: particularly in the rural areas, remained unsolved; Quirino’s administration was tainted by widespread
graft and corruption.
RELATIONSHIP TO THE NEXT PRESIDENT: By 1950 the Huks had gained control over a considerable
portion of Luzon, and Quirino appointed the able Ramon Magsaysay as secretary of national defense to suppress the
insurrection.

THE NEXT PRESIDENT

NAME: RAMON DEL FIERRO MAGSAYSAY
FAMILY (BRIEF DESCRIPTION): He was married to Luz Magsaysay ( Banzon) on June 16, 1933, and they had
three children: Teresita sita (1934–1979), Milagros "Mila" ( 1936) and Ramón "Jun" Banzon-Magsaysay, Jr.
( 1938).
GOALS: Is to reshape land tenure system in our country in such a way as to build a strong nation of small,
independent, and contended farm owners.
OBSTACLES/ CHALLENGES: Ramon Magsaysay's election to the presidency of the Philippines in November
1953 was widely seen as the start of a progressive phase in the country's history. The new President has the real
backing of the vast majority of Filipinos and is well aware of the country's numerous difficulties. However, the rural
reform agenda with which he entered office had not been fully fleshed out, and while Magsaysay has been active,
earnest, and enthusiastic, the Filipinos have found the first year of his administration to be somewhat disappointing.
This
STRENGTH: His outstanding counterinsurgency efforts were unrivaled, and he provided land to the poor.
WEAKNESSES: Land Reform Problems
POLICY/ PROGRAMS: Agrarian Reform Programs, Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954, and Republic Act No. 821
(Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration.
ACHIEVEMENTS: Defeating the communist-led Hukbalahap (Huk) movement, Restoration of the Filipino
people;s faith in democracy, and Improvement of the barrios and the vigorous implementation of the presidential.
FAILURES: Magsaysay was unable to pass effective land-reform legislation.
REALTIONSHIP TO THE NEXT PRESIDENT: Following the death of Ramon Magsaysay, Carlos P. Garcia,
the Philippines' current Vice President and Foreign Secretary, was elected to the presidency. In a time of crisis,
Garcia's popularity is sufficient to keep the government together on an interim basis. He has good intentions and is
likely to strive to carry on his predecessor's policies.
THE NEXT PRESIDENT
NAME: CARLOS POLISTICO MAGSAYSAY
FAMILY (BRIEF DESCRIPTION): Garcia was the eighth President of the Philippines and was born on
November 4, 1896, in Talibon, Bohol, Philippines, to Policronio Garcia and Ambrosia Polistico, both natives of
Bangued. Garcia was a Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public official, political economist, guerrilla and
Commonwealth military leader.
GOALS: Improve the economy of the Philippines ,Economic Independence from foreign interest
OBSTACLES/ CHALLENGES: Economic Corruption Import
STRENGTH: Garcia was active in the resistance movement
WEAKNESSES: Garcia was criticized for his lack of program for the Filipino common man which was the
focus of the next president Macapagal that is why he lost the election.
POLICY/ACHIEVEMENT; Filipino First Policy, Bohlen-Serrano Agreement, Austerity Program and Republic
Cultural Awards.
FAILURES: The main problem that was facing the Garcia administration was the current economic situation during
that time. Corruption was also prevalent in the country
REALTIONSHIP TO THE NEXT PRESIDENT: Macapagal was a member of the Liberal Party and vice
president under Nacionalista president Carlos Garcia.
THE NEXT PRESIDENT
NAME: DIOSDADO PANGAN MACAPAGAL
FAMILY (BRIEF DESCRIPTION): Urban Macapagal and Romana Macapagal.
GOALS: Restoration of morality to the public by alleviating the stature of the masses and Open the Malacañang to
the Public.
OBSTACLES/ CHALLENGES: Low living standards of the masses,Lack of economic stability,Unemployment
and Devaluation of the Philippine Peso. However Macapagal was defeated by Marcos in the November 1965 polls.
STRENGTH: Diosdado Macapagal, reformist president of the Philippines from 1961 to 1965. After receiving his
law degree, Macapagal was admitted to the bar in 1936.
WEAKNESSES: There were many uprisings against the Aquino administration, there was a widespread of poverty.
POLICY/ PROGRAMS/ ACHIEVEMENTS: Socio Economic Program, Opened Malacanang to the Public;
however it didn’t last long because people started to only loft around, Dismissed Corruption in the government when
the official couldn’t justify his sudden acquisition of wealth, Changed the Date of the Philippine Independence from
June 12 to July 4, The propagation of the Filipino language and Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1963.
FAILURES: Low living standards of the masses, Lack of economic stability, Unemployment, Devaluation of the
Philippine Peso
REALTIONSHIP TO THE NEXT PRESIDENT: He presided over the convention that established the 1973
constitution in 1972, but he questioned its approval in 1981. In 1979, he founded the National Union for Liberation
as an anti-Marcos political party.