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Information Technology

The document discusses information technology. It provides background on the origins of information storage and manipulation dating back to ancient Sumerians. The modern concept of information technology emerged in a 1958 article and is commonly associated with computers, computer networks, and other information distribution technologies.

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RAANI ONONG Moe
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37 views1 page

Information Technology

The document discusses information technology. It provides background on the origins of information storage and manipulation dating back to ancient Sumerians. The modern concept of information technology emerged in a 1958 article and is commonly associated with computers, computer networks, and other information distribution technologies.

Uploaded by

RAANI ONONG Moe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Information technology

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


"IT" redirects here. For other uses, see IT (disambiguation).
"Infotech" redirects here. For the Indian company, see Cyient.

A program in paper tape

Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to create, process, store,


retrieve, and exchange all kinds of electronic data[1] and information. IT is typically
used within the context of business operations as opposed to personal or
entertainment technologies.[2] IT is considered to be a subset of information and
communications technology (ICT). An information technology system (IT system)
is generally an information system, a communications system, or, more specifically
speaking, a computer system – including all hardware, software,
and peripheral equipment – operated by a limited group of IT users.
Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating, and communicating information
since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC.
[3]
 However, the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a
1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and
Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single
established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition
consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application
of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of
higher-order thinking through computer programs. [4]
The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks,
but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such
as television and telephones. Several products or services within an economy are
associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software,
electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, and e-commerce.[5][a]
Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to
distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000 BC – 1450
AD), mechanical (1450–1840), electromechanical (1840–1940), and electronic (1940
to present).[3] This article focuses on the most recent period (electronic).

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