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William James, a Harvard psychologist states that there are 3 different components to examine the self:
Material self Social self Spiritual self Pure ego
Material Self- is about our bodies, clothes, immediate family and home.
Body- innermost part of our material self
Clothes-essential parts of the material self
Immediate Family- our parents and siblings
Home –earliest nest of our selfhood
Spiritual Self is the most intimate, inner subjective part of self.
Religion- A set of cultural beliefs and practices that usually includes some or all of basic characteristics.
Ritual Is the performance of ceremonial acts prescribed by a tradition or sacred law.
3 fundamental characteristics of rituals
*a feeling of emotion of respect, awe, fascination, or dread in relation to the sacred
*dependence upon the belief system that is usually expressed in the language of myth
*is symbolic in relation to its reference
Major World Religions
*Buddism *Christianity *Hinduism *Islam *Judaism
Buddism believes that life is not a bed of roses. Instead there are sufferin, pain and frustrations.
There are 2 meditation practices
*Samantha is practiced as mindfulness of breathing and development of loving kindness
*Vipassana practices aim at developing insight into reality. Acquiring wisdom is by studying Buddha’s
teaching. The Dharma.
Buddist believe in non-violence principle
CHRISTIANITY Beliefs Christians believe in Trinitarian God. One God in Three Personas:
*God the Father (creator) *God the Son (savior) *God the Holy Spirit (Sustainer)
Holy Bible- selection of books which is divided into two
*Old testament *New Testament
Customs and Practices
Sacrament of Baptism-symbolizes the birth in the Christian World
Sacrament of Communion is the act of remembrance of Jesus Christ’s sacrificial love.
Two major celebration in Christianity
Christmas usually on December 25, commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ
Resurrection Sunday depend on the lunar, sometime in March or April) celebrates the resurrection of
Jesus Crist from death
Hinduism
Two important texts of the Hindus
*Mahabharata *Ramayana
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Customs and Practices
-Most celebrated festivals are:
*Diwali is the festival of Lights
*Navrati festival of Nine Lights which celebrates the triumph of good over evil
-Hindus have sets dates to honor particular manifestations of God
Islam
Beliefs *Islam means “willing submission to God”
*Muslims believe in Allah, who is their one God
*Mohammad -last and final prophet sent by God.
*Mohammad was born in Mecca in 570CE received revelations from God through the Angel Gabriel over
a period of 23 years
*Quran, Holy book of Islam,
Custom and Practices
—five Pillars of Islam, which are the foundation of Muslim Life
*Shahadah-statement of Faith “There is no God but the one true God and Mohammad is his messenger”
*Salat- the prayer that is practiced five times a day
*Zakat- the monetary offering for the benefit of the poor. It comprises the 2.5% of a Muslim’s Assets
*Hajj-the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca.
*Sawm-the fasting.
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. The fast is from dawn to sunset
Two of the Major Festivals in Islam
Eidul-Fitr is the celebration at the end of Ramadan
Eidul-Adha is celebrated within the completion of the Pilgrimage, the Hajj.
Judaism
Beliefs
Jews believe in the God of Abraham, the same God that liberated the Hebrew slaves from Egypt to
Canaan, the promise land through the leadership of Moses and later, Joshua.
Customs and Practices
5 Major Festivals observed by the Jews
Rosh Hashanah-the New Year
Yom Kippur – The Day of Atonement
Pesach – Passover
Shavuot-Pentecost
Sukkot-Tabernacles. The Jewish Sabbah begins on Friday evening at sunset and is important time when
families gather for the Shabbat meal.
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MODULE 4to6 REVIEWER
Who is a Filipino?
Nationality
Constitution of the Philippines
“Filipino Citizens are those fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines, those born before January
17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority, and
those who are naturalized in accordance with law”
*jus sanguinis - right of blood is when a person acquires citizenship through their parents or
ancestors
*Jus soli is - right of soil a Latin term that means law of the soil. ... Jus soli is the most common
means a person acquires citizenship of a nation.
*the country where you came from
*those who are citizens of the phil, at the time of the adoption of this constitution
*natural born citizen
*citizens through elections
*naturalized citizens
FILIPINO VALUES AND TRAITS
Values
Hospitality
Respect for elders
Close family Ties
Cheerful Personality
Self sacrifice
Bayanihan
Traits
Bahalana Attitude -“HakunaMatata,” meaning no worries.
Colonial Mentality-Desire to look more foreign than local and keep up with foreign beauty trends.
Manana Habit–“mamayana” Filipino term for procrastination
Types of procrastination
Structured procrastinator- prioritizes wanted activities instead of needed task
Active procrastinator- rush tasks within the last minute
Couch potato procrastinator- does leisurely activities for the rest of the day
Ningas Kugon “ Ningas” Filipino term for flame and “kugon” is a Filipino term for cogon grass that easily
burns out after it is put into flames.
-Refers to the attitude of eagerly starting things but quickly losing eagerness soon after experiencing
difficulty
Laziness is a common problem among Filipinos; that is why Filipinos are regarded as Juan Tamad
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Pride-Filipinos hold on to their pride as they are more precious than keeping a good relationship with
family and love ones
-When two parties are not in good terms, they find it so hard to apologize and wait until the other party
asks for an apology
Crab Mentality
Toxic trait among Filipinos where one represents the achievement of another, instead of feeling happy
for that person
They pull each other down and ruin each other’s reputation rather than bringing them up, resulting to
no progress
Filipino Time- attitude of arriving late
FILIPINO MARKERS
Proverbs or Salawikain- sayings that convey lessons and reflections on Filipino practices, beliefs and
traditions
Damiana Eugenio regarded as the mother of Philippine Folklore, classifies proverbs into six categories:
*Proverbs expressing a general attitude toward life and laws that govern life;
*Ethical proverbs recommending certain virtues and condemning certain vices;
*Proverbs expressing a system of values;
*Proverbs expressing general truths and observations about life and human nature;
*Humorous proverbs
*Miscellaneous proverbs
Superstitions -Passed down from generation to generation
-Influence by beliefs from other cultures but Filipinos retold these superstitions according to their own
experiences and they sometimes end up even more interesting
Myths and Legends-Stories made to explain the origin of things at the same time, teach a valuable lesson
-Some of these stories stemmed in pre Christianity period, but have evolved to the stories we know
today
Heroes and Icons-Heroes serves as a reminder of true patriotism and nationalism as they have sacrificed
their lives for the sake of the country’s freedom and progress
-Famous Filipino Icons
HOW TO BA A GOOD FILIPINO
*Be an active Filipino citizen
*Study the Philippine History
*Support the Local Products
*Speak the Filipino Language
*Do not spread fake news and be democratic in engaging with dissent
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MODULE 4to6 REVIEWER
It has only been 25 years since Tim Berners-Lee -made the world wide web available to the
public
Adolescents -the most avid users of the internet.
Online identity - actually the sum of all our characteristics and our interactions
partial identity -the subset of characteristics thatmake up our identity
Persona - partial identity we create that represents ourselves in a specific situation.
SELECTIVE SELF PRESENTATION AND IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT
Goffman and Leary,- self presentation is the process of controlling how one is perceived by
other people” and it is the key to relationship inception and development.
Anything posted online should be considered “public” no matter what our “privacy” settings are.
Personal identity is the interpersonal level of self which differentiates the individual as unique
from other
social identity is the level of self whereby the individual is identified by his or her group
memberships.
Belk -sharing ourselves is no longer new and has been practiced as soon as human beings
were formed.
Digital devices help us share information broadly, more than ever before
Diaries that were once private or shared only with close friends are now posted as blogs which
can be viewed by anyone
Schwarz we have entered an extraordinary era of self portraiture
“ fear of missing out”- leading to compulsively checking newsfeeds and continually adding
tweets and postings in order to appear active and interesting
“disinhibition effect”-One of the reasons for so much sharing and self disclosure online
fixed “true self” -self is still a work in progress and we keep on improving and developing our
selves every single day.
Foucault-confession, along contemplation, self-examination, learning, reading, and writing
self-critical letters to friends, are a part of the “technologies of the self” through which we seek to
purge and cleanse ourselves.
GENDER AND SEXUALITY ONLINE
Marwick- while the term sex,gender and sexuality are often thought of as synonymous, they are
actually quite distinct.
Sex is the biological state that corresponds to what we might call a “man” and “woman”.
Gender, is the social understanding of how sex should be experienced and how sex manifests
in behavior, personality, preferences, capabilities and so forth.
sex and gender are presumed to be biologically connected, we can understand gender as
socioculturally specific sets of norms that are mapped onto a category of sex.
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Gender is a system of classification that values male-gendered things more than female related
things
Sexuality - is an individual expression and understanding of desire. While like gender, this is
often viewed as binary (homosexual or heterosexual), in reality, sexuality is often experienced
as fluid.
SETTING BOUNDRIES TO YOUR ONLINE SELF: SMART SHARING
The following guidelines will help you share information online in a smart way that will protect
yourself and not harm others. Before posting or sharing anything online.
*Is this port necessary
*Is there a real benefit to this post ? is it funny, warmhearted, teachable-or am I just making
noise online without purpose?
*Have we resolve this issue? An issue that is still being worked out at home, or one that is either
vulnerable or highly emotional, should not be made public
*Is it appropriate? Does it stay within the boundries of our family values.
*Will this seem as funny in 5,10,or 15 years? Or is this post better suited for sharing with a small
group of family members? Or maybe not at all?
*RULES TO FOLLOW
Guidelines for proper sharing of information and ethical use of the internet according to New
(2014):
*Stick to safer sites
*Guard your passwords
*Limit what you share
*Remember that anything you put online or post on a site is there forever, even if you try
to delete it.
*Do not be mean or embarrass other people online
*Always tell if you see strange or bad behavior online
*Be choosy about your online friends
*Be patient
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MODULE 4to6 REVIEWER
