PAPERS Pure Biology » MCQs with HELPs COMPILED FOR‘O’ LEVELS ral REDSPOT a RE BLISHING Project Editor: M. Ishaq Khan@ the parts ‘Which labelled structure controls the Saiiaflcyesiacs | Passage of substances into and out of the cell? (05/1191) The diagram shows a root hair, surrounded by a dilute solution of mineral ions. (303/P1/Q1) ate solution of mineral ons. plant is grown in bright sunshine. ter a few hours, a leaf is stained Concentrated solution of mineral h iodine solution. ‘The diagram ney hows what is seen when the leaf is d under a microscope. structure will be stained blue/ Which statement is correct? A) Water molecules move into the \/* root hair because their concentra- tion is lower inside, B Water molecules move into the root hair because their concentra- tion is lower outside. Water molecules move out of the (D041P1/Q1) root hair because their concentra- tion is lower inside. ‘Water molecules move out of the root hair because their concentra- tion is lower outside. (D05/P1/Q2)Which numbered structures are partially permeable? "7 A Land 2 only B land 3 only C lonly y2 only (303/P1/QU 9. The diagram shows a plant cell. ‘Which structure controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell? [y09/P1/QU) 10, The diagram represents a cell as seen under the electron microscope. (or1P1/Qui a red stain is added to a ‘containing both living and cells, only the dead calls take14. Some processes which occur in flowering plants are listed. 1 ion uptake by root hairs 2 water uptake by root hairs 3 ion movement up the xylem in the stem (911/P1/QU) 4 water vapour loss by the mesophyill cells of the leaves Which processes are controlled by cell "mesophyll cell from a leaf are exam- surface membranes? ined under a microscope, nes, aoe Which structures are seen in both ale © 2only D 3and4 IN12/P1/QU) - 12, A human cheek cell and a spongy A) cell membrane, nucleus and a cytoplasm: 8B cell wall, cell membrane and nucleus cytoplasm, cell wall and cell membrane nucleus, cytoplasm and cell wall IN11/P1/Q1) structures found in cells areplant cell ‘other structural feature that is found in both cell o features found in a plant coll but not in an animal cell. Je 1.1 shows the average amounts of protein, fat and carbohydrate found sd as a percentage of the tote‘undergo photosynthesis and manufacture glucose, which is con- into starch and other carbohydrates, lanation: Glucose is converted to glycogen and then stored i liver and muscles. tein: Animal muscles are largely proteins, containing fat as well. Skin __ is Targely-protein: a Fat is stored under the skin and in other parts of body. Fat insulates animals against heat loss sae (5) (51 {N08 /P2/Q8 OR] s are permeable to salts and water, which can pass by diffusion. Cell ts are made up of cellulose fibre, which is tough as well as nt. It supports the plant cell, and maintains its shape, ‘and fills the plant cell producing turgor, then cell walls ing, Turgor pressure helps young plants to keep in r permeable to different subst‘Which describes the movement of the salts? Ppotive transport against the “concentration gradient, B active transport down the concen- tration gradient © diffusion against the concentra- tion gradient D_ diffusion down the concentration gradient [303/P1/@2) Cylinders of potato tissue were placed in different concentrations of ‘sugar solution. The graph shows the percentage change in length of the cylinders of potato tissue, ES blhonwsoe 6 02 04 06 ‘Concentration of sugar solution/mol _ Which solution has the same water potential as the potato tissue? B 02 mol (®) 05 mol (4031P1/Q3]Which cells are adapted for trans- port? A WandY (B) WandZ © XandY XandZ (D03/P1/Q1) 4. The diagram shows a section through a leaf. Which is an organ and which is a tissue? jo vn w (J05/P1/Q1] Which letter identifies a cell, a tissue and an organ? cell_| tissue | organ mre | B} 1 | 4] 3 qe) 4 1 2 m2 | 3 A 1N08/P1/@11 6. The arrows represent the movement of salts into a root hair cel. low salt concentration in soil water “A \active transport against the / concentration gradient B_ active transport down the concen- tration gradient C diffusion against the concentra- tion gradient D_ diffusion down the concentration gradient ‘(3091 P1/Q3ey: Y = present * = absent (013/P1/QU) A plant is grown in bright sunlight, — ‘The diagram shows what is seen when a cell from this leaf is placed ‘under a microscope. After a few hours, ‘leaf from this plant is stained with iodine solution, What will be stained blue / black? tissue tissue call 1N10/P1/Q5) ugh which organs do carbon " dioxide molecules, magnesium ions nitrate ions enter plants?am} qa . fresh 4. ‘The diagram shows cells in fresh bath of omh ‘irip is blood, after the blood is diluted with : a liquid. ae original final length of strip |length of strip fmm, 7mm. 5 5 ie bd Which statement describes the co] 80 Tiquid? 86 87 ‘A. The water potential of the liquid [031P1/@27 is equal to that of pure water. B_ The water potential of the liquid 2. The table shows the concentration of is equal to that of the cytoplasm. 4 substance inside and outside four «©The water potential of the liquid different cells. is higher than that of the eyto- Which cell would need the most plasm, energy to absorb the substance by The water potential of the liquid active transport? is lower than that of the cyto- plasm, concentration | concentration (arbitrary units) | (arbitrary units) ‘inside coll outside cell £03 /P1/Q7) Which is an example of active 6 transport? Q ‘A) movement of glucose into the 3 ? cells of the villi 3 B_ movement of glucose molecules (D03/P1/Q3} lown a concentration gradient movement of ions in blood 8. Which processes can take place in a ae toot hair cell when oxygen is not movement of water in the available? —— transpiration stream A’ active transport only 17041 1/Q2) B diffusion only eae shaped pieces of Potato are : F Placed in sucrose solutions of differ. E. active transport and osmosis ent concentration ‘After three hours, jion and osmosis the mass of eaci (D03/P1/Q4) measured, Which graph shows the results of Its of this ‘h potato piece‘mass of potato after 3 hours, concentration ‘concentration 2 (404/P1/Q31 ion of glucose produced from the digestion of starch. 11. The concentration of nitrate ions in a into the cell out of the cell ut of the cell (D04/1P1/Q3} 9, What causes water to enter plant roots from the soil? A Water potential in root hairs and the soil is equal. B_ Water potential in root hairs and xylem is equal. C_Water potential in root hairs is higher than in the soil. 'D_ Water potential in root hairs is / lower than in the soil. (405/P1/@2)_ 10. Which process may require energy from respiration? ‘A movement of carbon dioxide into the alveoli B_ movement of oxygen into red blood cells ) uptake of glucose by cells in the villi (D_ uptake of water by root hair cells 1405/1198] root cell is higher than in the sur-— rounding soil solution. How do the nitrate ions move into the root cell? B) active transport “B diffusion — osmosis D_ transpiration ne eeeroot hair cell when oxygen is not available? e A active transport only B diffusion only active transport and osmosis only diffusion and osmosis only (N06/P1/Q2] ‘ 165. The diagram shows apparatus used to investigate osmosis, ‘turgid when they r by osmosis. | of these cells does being coll ¥ water — yes suger luton = er eoiton patialy ~ permeable yes. membrane 1406/71/92) Which molecules will move across the partially permeable membrane and ative cells tn trea which changes in levels will occur? liquid the same cells after the = a Sa iioleeules [Teel [level | sugar fall rise | pe eect laead S| me | | a | weer | te | n_| (N06/P1/Q3] 16, Which is an example of active blood after mixing a & with fquid ‘A) movement of glucose into the statement describes the ge the i ae er movement of = potential of liquid X? lalalcoacatttakae oe entration gradient is equal to that of pure water. c movement of ions in blood B It is equal to that of the cell ee Mereplasrn. movement of water in It is higher than that of the lice Eels. 1307/P1/Q2) Baers thet of the 11. Five pieces are cut from a potato, all ell cytoplasm, shape. The pieces i, {J06/P1/Q3) " olutio f the tran-ation of sugar solution 1J07/P11Q3} does the water potential of the ced 2 differ from the water of the cell marked 3 and 19, The mass of a cube of fres! found. Itis then placed in containing a dilute sucrose. After a day, its increased, ‘. Which process has occurred and what has happened to the concentration of ie sucrose in the solution in the test- tube? active transport active transport osmosi 1N07/P1/Q37 20. Which is function of adrenalin? ‘A) to convert glycogen into glucose to decrease the breathing rate to increase the rate of peristal- sis in the ileum to stimulate cells of the liver to take up glucose 1N07/P1/Q23) |. The small intestine of a person contains a low concentration of glucose produced from the digestion of starch. Glucose is taken up by the cells of the villi, * “How does the glucose move? A) by active transport against the concentration gradientquid has the highest water tial at atmospheric pressure? 109/P1/Q2] ‘ean take place in a ‘How are these mineral ions absorbed from the soil by the plant? diffusion diffusion _| active transport diffusion diffusion N09/P1/Q3) 26. Identical pieces of potato are placed in sucrose solutions of different ‘concentrations. After three hours, the ‘mass of each potato piece is measured. ‘Which graph shows the results of this experiment? A mass of potato after 3 hours ‘sucrose concentration mass of potato after 3 hours“sucrose concentration © sucrose concentration [s10/P1/Q4) Which of these processes require energy from respiration? diffusion osmosis = | i «x v ep: : energy required energy not required (7101P1/Q5) om 28, Four identical pieces of potato are treated in two stages, as shown. Which piece of potato will be largest after 2 hours? Stage 1 oiled in water for 10 minutes stage 2 placed in 10 % alt Solution for 2hours placed in distited water for 2 hours placed in 10 % salt | Sen hr Which of these involve transport? A Land 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only D 1,2and3 FI11/ P1192) 30. The sentence describes the uptake of water by a plant. Water moves into the root hairs of a plant by osmosis through a permeable cell membrane, .. water potential gradient. Which words correctly complete gaps Land 2? 1 2 fully down |B} fully up ©) partially down D|_ partially up (a111P1/Q3) 31, Which process needs energy from respiration? A movement of carbon dioxide into the alveoli B_ movement of oxygen into red lood cells, (€ Aptake of glucose by cells in the CAvini D_ uptake of water by root hair cells (N11/P1/Q2] ‘82. The mass of a cube of fresh potato is found. It is then placed in a test-tube containing a dilute Sucrose. After an hour, its mass has increased. ‘Which process has occurred and what ‘has happened to the concentration ofae 4 ; 5 the diagram shows some cell int = ad one plant that is absorbing water from the soil. Py How does the water potential of the cell marked 2 differ from the water potentials of the cells marked 1 and a A_ higher than cell 1 and cell 3 B_ higher than cell 1 and lower than oa lower than cell 1 and higher than cell 3. D_ lower than cell 1 and lower than cell 3 IN12/P1/Q37 86. What is an example of active ‘transport? slucose molecules of the villi movement of glucose molecules wn a concentration gradient ‘movement offons in blood plasma 2 movement of water in the Twtinjints, transpiration streany, Bo siitolow a2ctit 9. gates ak : \ SE MilCaect 22 siaif a0 oA omy 3 AS movement of into the cells B Latalactive transport| diffusion p diagram represents apparatus to investigate os permeable membranely found? sasons for your choice of living organism in (i). (2) ‘same cell after it had been placed in solution A for ten Ss) bn AL. Fig. 1.2(b) 3] ared with the water potential of the cell, what can be deduced about ons A and B? (2 will be found in region C in Fig. 1.2(b) at the end of the experiment? (2) 1103 /P2/Ptaycell in solution H Fig. 21 (a) On one of the cells in Fig. 2.1, label clearly (@) with the letter J, a structure made of cellulose, i) with the letter K, the part of the cell that would contain the nucleus. [2] (b) Identify the solution that has a higher water potential than the cell sap. Explain what has happened to cause the appearance of the cell in that solution. (5) (©) @ On the cell in solution I, shade all the regions that would contain solution I. am Gi) Explain your answer to (i). (3) (N09 /P2/Q2) Solution (@) @ & Gi) cell in solution H (b) solution: @ explanation: Water from the solution moves into the cell by endosmosis as ae Sap is moFeToneentravEd. Its vacuole is filled with WIrermmMMtTtase SUirgor preswure. = which developslla ot ace lef PBS move into and out of cells by diffusion, osmosis, active transport i, Ditton isthe movement of subrtances particles / ions ‘@ region of higher concentration to lower concentration down the ‘concentration gradient, Substances are used in the cell to maintain the gra- dient for further diffusion of substances into the cell. Certain substances diffuse out of cell when needed in the ‘surroundings. ‘Osmosis (osmos: water) means movement of water from dilute to concen- - trated solutions (ie., from region of higher to lower water potential) across partially permeable-membranc (or cell membrane). A water potential exist for osmosis to occur. Movement of different soluble sub- Stances also depends upon osmosis, Certain substances like glucose, amino acids, Fig. 4.1 (a) On Fig. 4.1, label a partially permeable membrane, (b) It is possible to remove the cell wall of sing an en a a : Some and erplein hat would happen ifa cal tat hed been treated, this way, am untreated cell, were both put inte distilea wane (c) Cells are taken from one plant, treated witl enzyme and then grown on a culture medium, Tee of the: aia form 2 Soup of ells. Eash group of cals thon develope es ) State the tp of division that he mule ot these cells have as 30 Anat a te(b) treated cell: contains cell membrane but no cell wall. So ator entre ast [diffusion and cell swells. Due to higher rate of osmosis cell bursts. untreated cell: contains cell wall which can withstand the pressure. So when water enters by osmosis/diffusion, turgor pressure increases in the cell and cell swells, but cannot burst as cell wall withstands the pressure and prevents it from bursting. (©) G) mitosis (ii) Plants grown by this procedure are cheap as many plants ean be grown at a time in lesser space, which is of greater economic benefit and gives more profit. Such plants give higheF yield or production and due to clones difare identical. All have known desirable characteristics and can be grown under controlled conditions. Question 5 A student was asked to make a model of a plant cell. She took a length of tubing made from a substance that allows only water molecules to pass through. and enclosed it in a flexible permeable membrane as shown in Fig, 1.1, flexible, permeable membrane marble dilute sugar solution nee Fig. L1 (®) Name the structures found in a plant mesophyll cell that are best _ resented by the following items used in her model:is representing a plant cell. When it is placed int i i se ther r water olution, water spi by osmosis, — there is higher Beet dient or differential del sh ‘lasm along with cell membrane shrinks. Turgor pressure ed, Bhas ‘turgidity decreases and cell membrane or tubing pulls ay from permeable membrane or cell wall. Cell is plasmolysed. No sugar the cell and enters space between tubing and permeable membrane ) Explain the term osmosis. 41 Explain the ways in which active transport is different from osmosis. [4] 3) Explain how it is possible for oxygen in the lungs to diffuse rapidly into aren [2] = 1412/P2/@8) * and osmosis means diffusion of water molecules igher to lower concentration, or more appropriately it refers to ent of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to on of lower water potential across/through a partially permeable ibrane. Osmosis is a type of passive transport and no extra energy ired, rather molecules move by their own energy. Our blood and sue fluid should contain water content within a narrow limit, other- , cells may be affected by movement of water out of the cells or into = Cells may crinkle or burst.and loss of coordination cid and oxygen debt and muscle relaxation 1303/P1/Q18) am shows a section through olus and an associated blood A ‘The rate of respiration than the rate of photo[06/P1/Q18} 23, Through which sequence does earbon dioxide pass as it leaves the lungs? alveolar wall > in the alveoli > blood + capillary wall blood + capillary wall > alveolar wall > in the alveoli capillary wall > blood > in the alveoli > alveolar wall in the alveoli + alveolar wall > capillary wall + blood (J06/P1/Q19) A germinating seed is soaked in blue dye, which becomes colourless in tissues that are actively respiring. What will be the appearance of the cotyledons, plumule and radicle? [[eotstedons | plumule | vadile blue blue blue colourless colourless, colourless colourless | colourless | colourless 1406/P1/Q34) 5. The diagram shows some apparatus ‘used in investigating gas exchange.¢ oxygen used during germination water produced during germina- tion (N06/P1/Q18] 496, What are the end products of anaero- bie respiration in yeast cells? ‘A carbon dioxide and ethanol B carbon dioxide and lactic acid © carbon dioxide and water D ethanol and water [N06 /P1/Q19] ‘The diagram shows the ribs and some of the muscles used in breathing, vertebrae breathing out Which muscles relax in moving from Position X to position Y? [diaphragm | external intercostals Al no no B| no Re C| yes no ial eet. ye" yes 1N06/P11Q17) Which structures contain muscles that contract when breathing in? X only X and ¥ only Y and Z only X, Y and Z vom (407 /P1/Q17] — external intercostals: diaphragm 80. Which feature of alveoli decreases the distance over which oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules diffuse? A. Bach alveolus has a large blood supply. Each alveolus is only 0.1-0.2 mm_ in diameter. ‘There are approximatel nillion alveoli in each lung. The walls of the alveoli fone cell thick.[N07/P1/Qi6) do in the bronchi potassium hydroxide solution (absorbs catbon dioxide) animals ‘What is the appearance of limewa- ter in flasks 1 and 2 after a period of ten minutes? clear dear clear white / cloudy clear white / cloudy [J08/P1/Q16) 85. The composition of inhaled air and exhaled air is different. Which analysis is correct?[N08/P1/Q16} 40. The diagram shows some stru ‘Which row in the table identifies the structures labelled 1, 2 and 3? _ hows an investigation ration of germinatingow much air does the n during 12 seconds? B 1dm‘ D 8dm (091P1/Q17] cells respire anaerobi- » substance is used and ees are produced? (N09/P1/Q171 45. When breathing out, which changes occur in the volume of the thorax, the rib cage and the diaphragm?‘stages in breathing cycle the change in air stage X? 49. The following changes take place in ‘in volume of lungs an athlete’s body during a 100 m race. of air from lungs Which change occurs first? A. increased availability of oxygen to muscles increased breathing rate increased carbon dioxide concen- tration in the blood increased production of carbon dioxide by muscles ‘move mucus out, ofthelungs | IN10/P1/Q20] What happens to the muscles of the diaphragm, the external intercostal muscles and the position of the diaphragm when breathing in?ethanol and carbon dioxide (N11/P1/Q20 ‘sternum — breathing out external ~ intercostals1J12/P1/Q18} 62. The table shows the percentage composition of four samples of air. Which sample has been breathed out ‘a person? IN12/P1/Q16] 63. What properties make the alveoli (12/P1/Q17) walls efficient at gas exchange? m shows apparatus used elastic tissue| °T¥Al oxygen te breathing. presen INIRIPIIQU7] 64. What are the products of ana respiration in muscle?1975 * year could have caused the change ‘number of deaths from lung between 1950 and 1975? 35 Et 28 esD P,QandR IN13/P1/Q16] are produced by‘support for jar Fig. 3.1 f@) State three ways in which the air in the jar will differ from atmospheric G) (b) Describe what occurs in the student's thorax to cause air to be breathed ‘out into the jar. i) (€) By referring to the cells in the student's body, suggest how the differences ‘you mention in (a) are brought about, tl (NO7/P2/Q3] Solution (a) 1. Air contains more carbon dioxide. 2, Air contains lesser oxygen. 8. Air contains more water vapours. (b) When the student exhales air in the jar, his diaphragm muscles relax, allow- ing the diaphragm to return to its domed shape. The external intercostal muscles also relax, allowing the ribs to move downwards under their own. ‘weight and raised thorax restores its normal position, ic taken in contains oxygen which diffuses into body cells through blood . It is used in respiration and carbon dioxide is produced, which is igh lungs. Energy or heat is also released by respiration. Question 6 (@) Define respiration, (6) State how aerobic and anaerobic respiration differ. Q) (e) Describe a commercial use of anaerobic respiration, (5) N08 /P2/Q8 Either]on Fig. 5.1 to show the position of the chest wall if the person (N10/P2/Q5)