Q1.
Substances can move into and out of cells.
(a) (i) How does oxygen move into and out of cells?
Draw a ring around one answer.
diffusion digestion photosynthesis
(1)
(ii) Diagram 1 shows the percentage concentration of oxygen in three cells, A, B
and C.
Diagram 1
Oxygen can move from cell to cell.
Into which cell, A, B or C, will oxygen move the fastest?
(1)
(b) (i) How does water move into and out of cells?
Draw a ring around one answer.
breathing osmosis respiration
(1)
(ii) Differences in the concentration of sugars in cells cause water to move into or
out of cells at different rates.
Diagram 2 shows three different cells, P, Q and R.
The information shows the percentage concentration of sugar solution
in cells P, Q and R.
Diagram 2
Page 1 of 19
Water can move from cell to cell.
Into which cell, P, Q or R, will water move the fastest?
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q2.
Substances can be transported into and out of cells by:
• diffusion
• osmosis
• active transport.
Figure 1 shows four cells in a solution.
Figure 1
(a) Which cell will oxygen diffuse into?
Page 2 of 19
Tick (✓) one box.
A B C D
(1)
(b) Which chemical reaction in cells requires oxygen?
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c) Which cell will use active transport to absorb glucose molecules?
Tick (✓) one box.
A B C D
(1)
(d) What is needed to move glucose molecules into a cell by active transport?
Tick (✓) one box.
Carbon dioxide
Energy
Ions
(1)
A student investigated osmosis in potato cells.
This is the method used.
1. Prepare a sugar solution at a concentration of 1.0 mol/dm 3.
2. Cut six potato pieces of equal size.
3. Put 50 cm 3 of the 1.0 mol/dm 3 sugar solution into a labelled boiling tube.
4. Record the mass of a potato piece and place in the boiling tube.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for five other concentrations of sugar solution.
6. After 1 hour remove each potato piece and gently dry with a paper towel.
7. Record the mass of each potato piece.
8. Calculate the percentage change in mass for each potato piece.
(e) Describe how to accurately prepare 50 cm 3 of 0.2 mol/dm 3 sugar solution using
distilled water and the 1.0 mol/dm 3 sugar solution.
You should include the equipment you would use.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Page 3 of 19
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(f) What is the independent variable in this investigation?
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
The table below and Figure 2 show the results.
Concentration of Starting mass of End mass of
Percentage change
sugar solution in potato piece in potato piece in
in mass
mol/dm3 grams grams
0.0 1.20 1.44 +20.0
0.2 1.10 1.17 +6.4
0.4 1.12 1.20 +7.1
0.6 1.25 1.27 +1.6
0.8 1.23 1.18 −4.1
1.0 1.17 1.10 −6.0
Figure 2
Page 4 of 19
(g) The result at 0.2 mol/dm 3 sugar solution is anomalous.
What evidence in Figure 2 shows the result is anomalous?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(h) Suggest an error that may have caused the anomalous result.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(i) Determine the concentration inside the potato cells.
You should draw a line of best fit on Figure 2.
Concentration = ______________________mol/dm 3
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
Q3.
Page 5 of 19
Substances can move into cells and out of cells.
(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
active transport.
Water moves into cells and out of cells by osmosis.
reabsorption.
freely permeable
The water moves through a non-permeable membrane.
partially permeable
(2)
(b) Students put plant cells into two different strengths of sugar solutions, A and B.
The diagram below shows what the cells looked like after 1 hour.
Cell in Cell in
sugar solution A sugar solution B
(after 1 hour) (after 1 hour)
(i) Describe two ways in which the cell in sugar solution B is different from the
cell in sugar solution A.
1. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(ii) A student put red blood cells into water.
Suggest what would happen to the cells.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Page 6 of 19
(1)
(c) In the human body, glucose is absorbed into the blood from the small intestine.
The small intestine contains many villi.
Which two of the following help the absorption of glucose in the small intestine?
Tick ( ) two boxes.
Villi have a cell wall.
Villi are covered in thick mucus.
Villi give the small intestine a large surface area.
Villi have many blood capillaries.
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q4.
Substances can move into and out of cells.
(a) (i) How does oxygen move into and out of cells?
Draw a ring around one answer.
diffusion digestion photosynthesis
(1)
(ii) Diagram 1 shows the percentage concentration of oxygen in three cells, A, B
and C.
Page 7 of 19
Oxygen can move from cell to cell.
Into which cell, A, B or C, will oxygen move the fastest?
(1)
(b) (i) How does water move into and out of cells?
Draw a ring around one answer.
breathing osmosis respiration
(1)
(ii) Differences in the concentration of sugars in cells cause water to move into or
out of cells at different rates.
Diagram 2 shows three different cells, P, Q and R.
The information shows the percentage concentration of sugar solution in cells
P, Q and R.
Water can move from cell to cell.
Into which cell, P, Q or R, will water move the fastest?
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q5.
The diagram shows a cell.
Page 8 of 19
(a) (i) Use words from the box to name the structures labelled A and B .
cell membrane chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus
A ___________________________
B ___________________________
(2)
(ii) The cell in the diagram is an animal cell.
How can you tell it is an animal cell and not a plant cell?
Give two reasons.
1. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) Oxygen will diffuse into the cell in the diagram.
Why?
Use information from the diagram.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c) The cell shown in the diagram is usually found with similar cells.
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
Page 9 of 19
an organ.
Scientists call a group of similar cells a system.
a tissue.
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q6.
The diagram shows a section through a plant leaf.
(a) Use words from the box to name two tissues in the leaf that transport substances
around the plant.
epidermis mesophyll phloem xylem
______________________________ and ______________________________
(1)
(b) Gases diffuse between the leaf and the surrounding air.
(i) What is diffusion?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Page 10 of 19
(2)
(ii) Name one gas that will diffuse from point A to point B on the diagram on a
sunny day.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q7.
(a) The diagrams show cells containing and surrounded by oxygen molecules.
Oxygen can move into cells or out of cells.
Into which cell, A, B, C or D, will oxygen move the fastest?
Write your answer, A, B, C or D, in the box.
(1)
(b) Draw a ring around the correct word to complete each sentence.
diffusion
(i) Oxygen is taken into cells by the process of osmosis .
respiration
(1)
Page 11 of 19
breathing
(ii) Cells need oxygen for photosynthesis .
respiration
(1)
membranes
(iii) The parts of cells that use up the most oxygen are the mitochondria .
nuclei
(1)
diffusion
(iv) Some cells produce oxygen in the process of photosynthesis .
respiration
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q8.
The diagram shows a cell from the lining of the lung. This cell is specialised to allow gases
to pass through quickly.
(a) Use words from the box to label structures A, B and C.
cell
chloroplast cytoplasm mitochondria nucleus
membrane
(3)
(b) (i) Which feature of this cell allows oxygen to pass through quickly?
Put a tick ( ) in the box next to your choice.
It is thin.
Page 12 of 19
It has a large nucleus.
It has many mitochondria.
(1)
(ii) Complete the sentence by drawing a ring around the correct answer in the
box.
diffusion
Oxygen passes through this cell by osmosis
respiration
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q9.
The diagram below shows a cross-section of a plant root. The transport tissues are
labelled.
(a) (i) What is tissue A?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
cuticle epidermis xylem
(1)
(ii) Name two substances transported by tissue A.
1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) Phloem is involved in a process called translocation.
(i) What is translocation?
Page 13 of 19
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Explain why translocation is important to plants.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(c) Plants must use active transport to move some substances from the soil into root
hair cells.
(i) Active transport needs energy.
Which part of the cell releases most of this energy?
Tick (✓) one box.
mitochondria
nucleus
ribosome
(1)
(ii) Explain why active transport is necessary in root hair cells.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Page 14 of 19
Mark schemes
Q1.
(a) (i) diffusion
apply list principle
1
(ii) A
apply list principle
1
(b) (i) osmosis
apply list principle
1
(ii) R
apply list principle
1
[4]
Q2.
(a) B
1
(b) (aerobic) respiration
allow oxidation
1
(c) A
1
(d) energy
1
(e) 10 cm 3 of (1.0 mol/dm 3) sugar solution and 40 cm 3 (distilled) water
allow correct multiples
1
using 50 cm 3 or 100 cm 3 measuring cylinder
or
measuring pipettes
1
(f) concentration of sugar solution
1
(g) it does not fit the pattern
allow the value is too low
allow it does not fit on / near line of best fit
1
(h) any one from:
• reading of end mass was too low
• reading of initial mass was too high
• blotting removed too much water from potato piece
• sugar concentration was made too high
Page 15 of 19
• potato piece not submerged in solution
ignore reference to human error or incorrect reading
unqualified
1
(i) (view with Figure 2)
suitable curve of best fit which ignores point at 0.2 mol/dm 3
1
concentration inside the potato cells is 0.64 (mol/dm 3)
allow figure from where their line of best fit crosses 0 %
change.
allow a tolerance of ±½ small square'
1
[11]
Q3.
(a) osmosis
1
partially permeable
1
(b) (i) any two from:
allow correct answers in terms of A
• vacuole is small(er)
• cytoplasm has shrunk
allow cytoplasm is smaller
• gap between cytoplasm and cell wall
• cell wall curves inwards
allow cell B is flaccid or cell A is turgid
• the (cell) membrane has moved away from the wall
2
(ii) any one from:
• water will move / diffuse in
• (cells) will swell
• (cells) will burst
ignore turgid
1
(c) villi give the small intestines a large surface area
1
villi have many blood capillaries
1
[7]
Q4.
(a) (i) diffusion
1
(ii) A
1
Page 16 of 19
(b) (i) osmosis
1
(ii) R
1
[4]
Q5.
(a) (i) A = nucleus
1
B = (cell) membrane
1
(ii) any two from:
ignore shape
• no (cell) wall
• no (large / permanent) vacuole
• no chloroplasts / chlorophyll
2
(b) because high to low oxygen / concentration or down gradient
allow ‘more / a lot of oxygen molecules outside’
ignore along / across gradient
1
(c) a tissue
1
[6]
Q6.
(a) xylem and phloem
either order
allow words ringed in box
allow mis-spelling if unambiguous
1
(b) (i) movement / spreading out of particles / molecules / ions / atoms
ignore names of substances / ‘gases’
1
from high to low concentration
accept down concentration gradient
ignore ‘along’ / ‘across’ gradient
ignore ‘with’ gradient
1
(ii) oxygen / water (vapour)
allow O2 / O2
ignore O2/ O
allow H2O / H2O
ignore H2O
Page 17 of 19
1
[4]
Q7.
(a) A
1
(b) (i) diffusion
1
(ii) respiration
1
(iii) mitochondria
1
(iv) photosynthesis
1
[5]
Q8.
(a) A nucleus
1
B (cell) membrane
1
C cytoplasm
1
(b) (i) it is thin
1
(ii) diffusion
1
[5]
Q9.
(a) (i) xylem
1
(ii) water
1
minerals / ions / named example(s)
ignore nutrients
1
(b) (i) movement of (dissolved) sugar
allow additional substances, eg amino acids / correct named
sugar (allow sucrose / glucose)
allow nutrients / substances / food molecules if sufficiently
qualified
ignore food alone
1
(ii) sugars are made in the leaves
Page 18 of 19
1
so they need to be moved to other parts of the plant for respiration /
growth / storage
1
(c) (i) mitochondria
1
(ii) for movement of minerals / ions
Do not accept ‘water’
1
against their concentration gradient
1
[9]
Page 19 of 19
