Honey A Test Book of Wildlife (Chapter-5- Wildlife of Patiy, HEC Syllabus (BZU, Fais Wildlife of Pakistan: Identification, distribution, status, technology) of fishes, reptiles, birds and, mammals of major importan itions (¢) Identific birds and mammals o' FE IN PAKISTAN OR F WILDLIFE IN PAKISTAN Universi rand management (Population esi ce in Pakistan. ‘Sargodha University, Educs conservi ication (4) Distribution . {f major importance 2018 Willi of Pakistan: (2) Introduction (b) Important Dein ‘Conservation and Management of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, PRESENT STATUS OF WILDLI' GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION O From ecological point of view Pakistan is divided into numbet of ecological zones. Willig distribution can easily be studied under the headings of these N + : 8 a Following is a brief account of each ee ann 5 isa of zone and the dominant ‘i 4 with pe 1) Cold forest (5000 mieters) inant plant and wildlife associate 2) Alpine Meadows (4200-4500 meters)Le Ye feof Pakistan) ee Honey A Text Book of Wildlife (Chapter-4- Wildlife afr 4) Dry temperate coniferous forcat pain : 5) Hamalayan moist tempe 6) Subtropical pine forestn 1) Tropical deciduous forests 8) Dry subtropical habitats 9) Tropical Thorn fore 10) Sand Dunes desert scrub, 11) Rivrine plains and Indus basin zones. 12) Coastal areas. 13) Agricultural areas 14) Urban Habitat 1 forests 1) 7 ' In the North of Pakistan, Baltistan district, some of the highest mountain ranges are situated These mountains have a height of 5000 meters above at sea level. They have ice caps, glaciers and Permanent ice fields. These constitutes a special type of habitat which is cold and arid and hence known ‘as “cold deserts”. Wildlife fauna Himalayan ibex, Snow leopard, Bharal, lynx, Snow cocks, and Snow pattridges etc 2) i The alpine scrubs and pastures are developed above the sub-alpine zone nearly for 200 meters between 4200 ~ 4500 meters. These are located in Northern Hazara district, Dir, Swat, Gilgit Chitral and ‘Azad Kashmir. Wildlife fauna Snow leopard, Himalayan Ibex, Red bear, Snow pigeon, snow partridge etc. 3) These forests are located in Hazara, Dir, Sawat, Chitral and Azad Kashmir. These forms the uppermost part habitat in Hamalys ranging between 3500 and 4500 meters at sea level. fs Musk Dear, Markhor, Snow leopard, Rose finch, Chukor, and Monal Pheasant. a} Towards the west of Indus rivers, and in small patches towards east where monsoon rains do not reach and low rainfall is confined to winter rains and snow are found in dry coniferous forests. These forests are found in Kaghan and Jabba valley, Dir, Chalas, Gilgit and Baluchistan. Black beak bear, Gazelle, Stone Marten, Common Leopard, Markhor, Black throated jay, Rose finch and Chakor etc. : 2 The high level conifers belonging to the temperate zone range in altitude from 1650-3000 meters. During summer precipitation is received in the form of monsoon rains. In winter mostly as snow. i, ‘These forests are located in Kaghan valley, Azad Kashmir and Muree hills. tay goral, Rhesus Monkey, Langur, Black bear, Junge erow, Yellow throated Marten, gray winged black birds and Koklas pheasant ete. roastedwinatte (Chapter-S- Wildlife of Pakistay) Honey A Text Book of ° Wildlife fauna 4 marten, spotted doves, Broyn It includes Gray goral, common leopard, yellow throate fronted woodpackers ete 2 — foothills and Margalla hijj, This habitat is very restricted to Jhellum valley, Rawalpindi between elevations of 500-1000 meters. Wildlife fauns fellow throateg x The associated wildlife consists of Grey goral, Barking deer, s Erde Gice a. ws ‘marten, Winter visiting Leopard , Kallej and Cheer pheasant, Chakor and Grey 8) i The habitat is characterized by rocky and hilly country between sea level and 900 meters. j is subdivided into three zones. Monsoon influenced arid subtropical zone, ii) — Subtropical zone less influenced by monsoon. _ iii) Baluchistan desert scrub areas. §) Moonsoon influenced arid subtropical zone : These habitats are typified by Karachi, Malir, Lakhi ills, Kohistan, Kirthar and Lasbella region, Wildlife fauna : © Indian fox, Desert Cat, Chinkara, Pangolin, Wild boar, Sind Ibex, Peafowl, and Common Quails, zone less influenced by Monsoon B Some winter showers with frost with regularly occurring and rather hot summer. This habitat is represented by Salt Range, Kala Chita, Jehllum district and mountains of Dera Ghazi Khan. These regions are highly overgrazed. Wildlifefauna Urals, Chinkara, Desert fox, Hyaena, Pangolin, Hedge hogs, Porcipines, Chakor, Sandgrouse ete, iii) Baluchistan desert scrub (t+) area tis usually associated with high hills and stony plateaus (F ¥etsbx Fig 3'v%), Very cold winters and no monsoon (=) influence but occasional winter showers (<-,). It comprises of Northern Kalat, lower parts of Suleman hills, most of Baluchistan. valley and Waziristan. All these regions tend to be heavily overgrazed, felled (1-4) and with degraded vegetation degraded. ie : It includes Black bear, Hyaena, Common Leopard Caracal cat, Uri see a. a at, Urial, Red Fox, Chakor, a » Indus plains, once covered with thick thorn forests, intact habitat still remains. Wildlife fauna The wildlife includes Jungle Cat, Wild boar, Wolf, Pea fow! i babs Cele eae |, Chakor, Gray and black partridge Changa Manga wildlife scantuary is a regan ee ees ga Manga ‘ypical example, where Cheetal, Nilgai, & Hog deer are found ‘The hot and dry tracts interspersed with sand dunes ji Pt frig . Ber, Babi py include Cholistan and Thal deserts. Sod » have now been cleared for cultivation. SomeHoney A Text Book of Wildlife (Chapter-S- Wildlife of TTT s wi ert Fox, Wolf, Hyaena cat ildlife include Blackbuck (extinct), Nilgai, Chinkar Jungle Cet, Black and Grey Partridge, and great Indian bustard. Houbara bustard and Sandgrouse Visi daring winter. Indian Python, Cobra, Krait, Pit Viper and other Snakes also exist it) ‘Areas lying in the immediate vicinity of the Punjab rivers supporting Temarisks. Obhan, rites, Saccharum, Typha, around form this habitat. The areas a ubject to summ: but often get dried up by May. Permanent swamps exist around Trimmu and Balloki ks, Vast areas rendered waterlogged in canal irrigated areas also form good habitat for 1. In the stabilized area occur Hog deer and Nilgai. In the river Indus occurs blind Indus Dolphin. Crocodiles and gavials occurring in the area have long been made extinct Otters and fishing eat are occasionally found. Waterfow! winter in these areas and also use these areas as staging points, targe reservoirs created on rivers have also formed good habitats for wildlife. Large water bodies, inland salt range lakes and kharal lake are also included in this category. 12) Coastal Forests ‘The mangrove forests or coastal forests are located in shallow waters along the coast near the mouth of Indus river. Fishing cat, Hog deer, Otters, Herons, Stork, Flamingo, Sand piper, Sand plovex, Gull make up important wildlife. 13) Conversion of wildlands into agricultural fields have given rise to this habitat. Agricultural crops ide fodder for the livestock and wild animals. Chinkara and Nilgai find their feed from agricultural crops, Wild boar exists on the crops as well. Left overs are used by birds like Quals, Partridges feed on sects. Pesticides sprays on the crops are howeyer playing havoc with the wild birds and their population has been adversely affected. 14) Urban Habitat Large sized municipal parks, open spaces with institutions, airports, large areas along structures pe radio-transmission centres, wireless stations and even backyards provide habitat, for small ‘Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians. esha hak ae Deer includes hoofed mammals of the Family Cervidae. Only true deer have antlers, usually found in or near woodland. Male is called a stag or a buck and female, doe. Young ones are called ‘Antlers are bony outgrowths from the head of the true deer, seen only in males, except in Reindeer, (Rangifer tarandus) also known as caribou. Chinese Water Deer in'the UK and France is the true deer without antlers. Antlers are used in display, defence and competition for mates. They shed each ‘Year, unlike the homs of other ruminants, antlers grow larger the following year. It is also known as Pakistan os xi