What should 5G be able to?

What should 5G be able to?

Contents
1 5G Use Cases 3
1.1 Smart Meters 3
1.2 Medical Healthcare 3
1.3 Video Streaming and enhanced Multi-Media 5
1.4 3D Video, Virtual / Augmented Reality, Online Gaming 6
1.5 Public Security Applications 7
1.6 Industry 4.0 8
1.7 Autonomous Driving 9
1.8 Smart Cities 10
1.9 Fixed Wireless Access 12
1.10 Definition of Usage Scenarios by the ITU 12
1.11 5G Use case categories of the NGMN 14
2 Application categories and Requirements 16
2.1 NGMN view on Requirements 16
2.2 3GPP view on requirements 19
2.3 ITU Technical requirements 21

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1 5G Use Cases
Many use cases can be found in literature, with very diverse requirements. A good
overview can be found in documents of the 5G Americas. Let’s look at some of the
many use cases to understand what 5G should be able to.

1.1 Smart Meters

Smart meters are one of the applications which will use future networks. There will be
tremendous numbers of low-cost-sensors that will occupy the network only little as
they are not transferring many data. Thus, a high data rate is not required and also
latency is not of concern. Instead, it is the high number of devices which the network
needs to administer. From device perspective, deep indoor coverage is required and
transmission should be energy-efficient as the devices battery should last 10 years.
The solutions developed for 4G as NB-IoT, LTE-M and for 2G EC-GSM should be
complemented by 5G radio access technology.

Use case 1: Smart Meters

© Shutterstock

The density of smart meters is assumed to be extremely high in urban areas:

Estimates are
- 10.000 smart meters for electricity (100 byte / 24 h),
- 10.000 smart meters for water (100 byte / 12 h),
- 10.000 smart meters for gas (100 byte / 30 min)
per km2.

Figure 1: Use case 1 – Smart meters

1.2 Medical Healthcare

Limiting the cost of healthcare and providing more effective care are the main
challenges in this application field.
Remote Health Monitoring: Various types of sensors and wearable devices will be
used to track health-relevant indicators. Currently, devices use short range

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communication technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi to connect to smartphones

and rely on apps on smartphone to collect data to monitor and manage wellness
indicators such as heart rate and blood glucose levels. Public health services can
make use of such big data to monitor and detect the onset and spread of epidemics
by combining geographic data and other data sources. The bandwidth and latency
requirements could be addressed with existing cellular technologies; however, the
challenge is to support the massive increase in the number of connections per
square meter while still maintaining the Quality of Service (QoS).
Moving beyond mere health monitoring, remote healthcare will enable individualized
consultations, treatment and patient monitoring outside of traditional healthcare
institutions like hospitals and clinics. Patients and practitioners could use video
conferencing and telepresence facilities for remote consultation and visits. This could
be complemented by remote transfer of health-related data from sensors and devices
either in real-time or uploaded in advance to the cloud. Treatment could also be
offered using smart pharmaceutical devices that correctly administer approved
dosages of a drug on a schedule specified by the physician or practitioner.
Practitioners could also remotely monitor progress of treatment in real-time with the
help of data from health sensors as well as voice and video feeds and adjust
treatment as necessary. Service providers can utilize 5G technology to provide a
connectivity platform to facilitate these activities that would require delivery of real-
time commands and controls and possibly low latency communications with a
provision for mission-critical services.
Remote Surgery: The capability of a surgeon to remotely operate a surgical robot to
perform surgery on a patient will allow more uniform access to talented surgeons and
better utilize their skills. The role of a service provider is provisioning of the
communication link to allow video and audio feeds as well as data to be reliably
transferred in real-time between the surgeon and the remote surgical robot. Here,
extremely high reliability and very low latency are necessary. In addition, transfer of
high resolution images and video to the surgeon requires large bandwidth on the
uplink. In event of an emergency, high availability of the necessary robots and
surgeons certified for their use will also be required. QoS guarantees for extremely
low latency and reliability requirements are critical.

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Figure 2: Use case 2 – Health care

1.3 Video Streaming and enhanced Multi-Media

There has been a profound and significant transformation happening in the media
and entertainment industry especially in terms of improving the user experience and
enabling access to an expanding universe of content anytime and anywhere. This
vertical opportunity focuses on different types of multi-media services that include
regular live/linear media, on-demand content, user generated content and gaming.
Due to consumer demand, media use needs to meet both stationary and mobile end
users. The end users are also consuming media on an increasing variety of devices
that include TVs, smartphones, tablets, wearables and other devices.
This vertical increasingly requires higher data rates to provide high resolution
multimedia content to an increasing number of simultaneous and connected users
with very high QoS requirements. With more devices capable of recording and
capturing our daily experiences, there has been a dramatic increase in user-
generated content. The popularity of social media sharing and the growing size and
scale of platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat, among others, are also
driving requirements for increased uplink data rates.
5G technologies are expected to play a key role for this vertical; it is a top priority to
integrate different network technologies, including unicast, multicast and broadcast,
to provide a more efficient delivery method to meet the various requirements.
Broadcast Services distribute real time and non-real-time content, are typically
heavy on the downlink, and provide a feedback channel for interactive services in
wide distributed areas. Sub-use cases consist of:
 Delivering news and information in audio and video everywhere to customers
in all geographic areas
 Delivering local services within 1 to 20 km that includes scenarios such
stadium events, advertisements, fairs, conventions and emergency services

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 Delivering services in a larger distribution within 1 to 100 kms that includes

scenarios such as communicating traffic jams, disaster emergency warnings,
and jetcetera
 Delivering services at a national level, complimentary to broadcast radio or
television, providing benefits for the automotive industry
On Demand and Live TV is based on scaled-up content delivery on live TV or on
demand providing high quality video using enhanced data capacity and data rates.
Mobile TV: Entertainment and video streaming on smart phones, tablets and other
devices in high mobility environments such as trains, cars and airplanes defines this
use case.

© Shutterstock

Figure 3: Use case 3 – Wearables - Videostreaming

1.4 3D Video, Virtual / Augmented Reality, Online

Gaming
Future wireless communication systems will support extreme video and gaming
applications that use features such as augmented and virtual reality. Such immersive
multimedia services would require the use of technologies such as 3D audio, 3D
video and ultra-high-definition formats and codec(s). Examples of such services
include:
 Mobile telepresence with 3D rendering capabilities that will extend well beyond
the traditional wired office environment.
 Internet gaming, including wirelessly delivered gaming control with high-
resolution graphics and dynamic management of feedback mechanisms via
smartphone to ensure an enhanced, augmented reality gaming environment.

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 Adoption of higher resolution devices, head-mounted displays and wearables

in fields such as emergency services, public safety, telemedicine, smart cities,
professional services and retail is expected to place further demands on
mobile networks.
This type of interactive experience will require the network to support much lower
latencies and much higher bandwidths than what are possible today.

Figure 4: Use case 4 – Augmented Reality

1.5 Public Security Applications

Some of the “special” public safety needs include:
Mission-Critical Voice: This allows a public safety responder to push a button
(push-to-talk) to communicate with other public safety responders. This needs to be
extremely reliable, working both on and off network without any delay for dialling
phone numbers. The feature needs to allow communication with one or more groups
(e.g., local police, regional police and local public safety) in real time. Public safety
users must be able to monitor multiple groups simultaneously (scanning
communication on different groups) and allow additional users to join an on-going
group discussion.
Broadband Data: Much of this will be IP traffic from a public safety device to a
server, possibly in the cloud. Although this capability can be handled by existing LTE
equipment, it is important that 5G consider the following public safety use cases:
 High-resolution security cameras monitoring public spaces and property with
the captured images/video analyzed to alert authorities when incidents occur
or persons or interest are detected.
 Drone- or robot-based surveillance systems to monitor remote areas.

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 Wireless sensors and tracking devices used for intrusion detection, bio and
chemical hazard detection and emergency personnel tracking.
The data generated by these and many other modalities will significantly strain 4G
radio link and networks.
Besides these needs specifically for public safety officials, 5G systems will need to
support legacy public safety features such as Public Warning Systems (PWSs),
emergency calling, Multimedia Emergency Services (MMES) and legal interception.
To support all such use cases, future wireless networks must provide a robust, highly
reliable, resilient and low-latency communication infrastructure.

Figure 5: Use case 5 – Surveillance

1.6 Industry 4.0

In automated production lines different types of devices such as sensors, robots,
actuators, etcetera, in a production line need to communicate wirelessly with low
latencies to enable efficient production (‘tactile internet’). Even with such a complex
mix of different types of devices, a high degree of reliability is required for automation
and control.
The management of inventory and supply chains will make use of a large number of
connected sensors and platforms that provide big data analytics to automate
inventory and supply chain management decisions.
Globally distributed production sites and different nodes of the value chain such as
the suppliers and logistics managers need to be able to interact seamlessly to
maximize operational efficiency and ensure maximum value creation.

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Figure 6: Use case 6 – Automatization – Industry 4.0

1.7 Autonomous Driving

Currently, advanced driver assistance systems are being implemented to reduce fatal
accidents and support the driver in conducting routine tasks and managing complex
traffic situations by sensing nearby vehicles, road conditions and pedestrian activity.
With additional technology development, advanced driver assistance systems will be
replaced by fully autonomous vehicles that are capable of both monitoring the
surrounding the environment and performing driving functions. Autonomous vehicles
will improve the flow of traffic, relieve congestion, reduce fuel usage, and transform
how people commute.
Assisted Driving: By providing the vehicle with real-time maps for navigation, speed
warnings, road hazards, vulnerabilities, heads-up display systems, sensor data
sharing, etcetera, advanced driver assistance features will reduce fatal accidents and
traffic congestion. These features will enable the vehicle to dynamically change its
course on the road under certain scenarios and conditions. So-called vehicle-to-
network (V2N) communications are necessary for this use case including short-range
modelling and recognition of surrounding objects and vehicles plus mid- to long-
range modelling of the surroundings with securing information on the latest digital
maps, traffic signs, traffic signal locations, road construction, and traffic congestion.
Autonomous Driving: Fully autonomous driving involves the capability of a vehicle
to sense its environment and navigate without human input under all scenarios and
conditions. Autonomous cars use a combination of technologies to detect their
surroundings including wireless communication technologies, laser and radar
sensing, GPS, odometers, computer vision, and advanced control systems. All this
data is analysed, processed with artificial intelligence (sensor fusion) and deep
learning computer systems to distinguish between different cars on the road and
identify appropriate navigation paths given obstacles and considering the rules of the
road. 5G technologies will enable these cooperative automatic driving use cases in

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an enhanced fashion where sensor information will be exchanged in real time

between thousands of cars connected in the same area.
Tele-Operated Driving: Better connectivity brought about by 5G technology will
allow remote driver assistance in areas where automatic driving is not possible. This
would provide enhanced safety for disabled people, elderly populations and in
complex traffic situations. Typical application scenarios include, disaster areas,
unexpected and difficult terrains for manual driving such as in mining, construction,
nuclear plants, and more. Vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications such as sending
video, sound feed information and other diagnostics from the vehicle, along with
environmental information, to the remote driver and reliably transmitting control
commands from the remote driver to the vehicle to manoeuvre the vehicle in real-
time may be enabled with 5G. The requirements to support these communications
consist of meeting strict constraints on latency, reliability and security in a wide
coverage area.
In-Vehicle Media: The importance of providing enhanced multi-media connectivity to
vehicle passengers will become an expectation in the future. This includes features
such as high-definition video streaming, virtual reality, augmented reality and video
conferencing. Sufficient data rates and the bandwidth to serve all passengers in a
vehicle, whether it be a single driver or a scenario involving a city bus, will need to be
considered. The adoption of autonomous vehicles will only provide passengers more
free time, placing greater demands on wireless networks to meet their connectivity
needs.

V2A Vehicle-to-remote-Applications
V2C Vehicle-to-Cloud
V2D Vehicle-to-Device (cyclists)
V2I Vehicle-to-Infrastructure
V2P Vehicle-to-Pedestrian
V2V Vehicle-to-Vehicle
V2X Vehicle-to-Anything

Figure 7: Use case 7 – Autonomous Driving

1.8 Smart Cities

Massive urbanization is an ongoing trend around the world that’s severely straining
city services, resources and infrastructure. According to the World Health

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Organization, by 2030, six out of every ten people will live in a city. Smart City
initiatives aim at improving cost, resource and process efficiency of cities, while
maintaining a high living quality for their rising populations. The following are three
potential examples of 5G-enabled Smart City use cases:
Smart Transportation: Traffic congestion is becoming a major issue in many urban
areas and is leading to productivity loss, environmental pollution and degradation of
quality of life. 5G will enable a real-time collection of massive amounts of data from
vehicles, drivers, pedestrians, road sensors and cameras to help streamline traffic
flow. For example, it can help optimize traffic lights and road usage, direct public
transportation to where it is needed most, navigate vehicles to avoid congestion and
raise tolls to limit traffic entering a congestion zone.
Smart Building: Urban buildings are major consumers of energy and resources.
Streamlining building operations will lead to increased productivity and energy
efficiency. For example, 5G-connected sensors/actuators can help optimize building
temperature, humidity and lighting based on current activities inside them. They will
also enable buildings to detect when hidden pipes and cables need repair,
unauthorized access takes place, office supplies are running low, and even when
garbage bins are full. This information allows building management to take
appropriate action in a cost-effective and timely manner.
Smart Home: Home security and automation applications constitute another M2M
service area that is expected to grow significantly in the future. Examples include the
transmission of home security alarms and surveillance video data to commercial
monitoring stations.
Use case 17: Smart City

© Shutterstock

Figure 8: Use case 8 – Smart Cities

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1.9 Fixed Wireless Access

Fixed Wireless Access offers high data rates between two sites or buildings. It is a
cost-effective alternative to leasing fiber or installing cables between the buildings. As
a broadband technology 5G can offer these services. Basically, the following services
can be offered to private and enterprise customers: E-Line, E-LAN and E-Tree as
defined by the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF).

E-Line

E-LAN

E-Tree

Figure 9: Use case 9 – Fixed Wireless Access

1.10 Definition of Usage Scenarios by the ITU

The ITU defined a set of three Usage Scenarios representing different traffic types:
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB): Availability of high data rates is the essential
requirement for this traffic type.
Massive Machine Type Communication (MTC): For this traffic type the network
needs to handle a very is another use casehigh number of devices that each have
very little demand on data rates and latencies.
Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC): Moderate data rates, but
very low latency and highest reliability of the transmission characterize this type of
traffic.

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Figure 10: ITU Requirements for IMT-2020

The use cases shown above can be assigned to these three usage scenarios-

Figure 9: Use cases relations to ITU usage scenarios

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1.11 5G Use case categories of the NGMN

The NGMN also presented an overview of different traffic types. Their categories are
shown in the figure below.

Figure 11: NGMN Use case scenarios

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Figure 12: NGMN Use case categories (1)

Figure 13: NGMN Use case categories (2)

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2 Application categories and Requirements

For the different use cases the 5G network has to fulfil various requirements. These
requirements are distinct for each use case. So, for a certain use case not all these
requirements need to be fulfilled at the same time.
Different views on these application requirements can be found in literature, from
NGMN, ITU and 3GPP.

2.1 NGMN view on Requirements

The NGMN requirements can be seen from the network perspective and from the
user perspective.

User experience requirements Regulatory requirements

• Data rates • Lawful interception
• Latency • Determination of the location of a user
• Reliability of the transmission • Emergency call handling
• Mobility • Prioritization
• Provision of seamless service • Support of public warning systems like
• Energy consumption (for MTC-like traffic) ETWS

System requirements
• Coverage
• Capacity
• Flexibility
• Scalability
• Cost Efficiency
• Energy Efficiency
• SON
• Security
Figure 14: User Experience Requirements, Systems requirements and Regulatory Requirements

2.1.1 User experience requirements

For the user, the following criteria have to be considered:
 Data rates
 Latency
 Reliability of the transmission
 Mobility
 Provision of seamless service
 Energy consumption (for MTC-like traffic)

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The NGMN suggests minimum data rates and latencies, which should be fulfilled in
at least 95% of locations (including the cell edge) for at least 95% of the time.
User Experience Requirements
User Experienced Data User Experienced
Use case category Rate DL Data Rate UL E2E Latency Mobility

Broadband access in dense areas 300 Mbps 50 Mbps 10 ms On demand, 0-100 km/h

Indoor ultra-high broadband access 1 Gbps, 500 Mbps 10 ms Pedestrian

Broadband access in a crowd 25 Mbps 50 Mbps 10 ms Pedestrian

50+ Mbps everywhere 50 Mbps 25 Mbps 10 ms 0-120 km/h

Ultra-low cost broadband access for low ARPU
areas 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 50 ms On demand: 0-50 km/h

Mobile broadband in vehicles (cars, trains) 50 Mbps 25 Mbps 10 ms On demand, up to 500 km/h

Airplanes connectivity 15 Mbps per user 7.5 Mbps per user 10 ms Up to 1000 km/h

Massive low-cost/long-range/low-power MTC 1-100 kbps 1-100 kbps Seconds to hours On demand: 0-500 km/h
See the requirements for the Broadband access in dense areas and 50+Mbps everywhere
Broadband MTC categories

Ultra-low latency 50 Mbps 25 Mbps <1 ms Pedestrian

Regular
communication:
Resilience and traffic surge 0.1-1 Mbps 0.1-1 Mbps not critical 0-120 km/h

Ultra-high reliability & Ultra-low latency 50 kbps to 10 Mbps few bps to 10 Mbps 1 ms On demand: 0-500 km/h

Ultra-high availability & reliability 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 10 ms On demand, 0-500 km/h

Modest (e.g. 500
Broadcast like services Up to 200 Mbps kbps) <100 ms On demand: 0-500 km/h

Figure 15: User Experience Requirements

2.1.2 System requirements

For the network, the criteria to consider are
 Coverage
 Capacity
 Flexibility
 Scalability
 Cost Efficiency
 Energy Efficiency, as typically 70% of the costs are due to energy
consumption
 SON
 Security

For the network requirements, the NGMN suggests the minimum connection density
and traffic density for different application use cases.

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Use case category Connection Density Traffic Density DL Traffic Density UL

Broadband access in dense areas 200-2500 /km2 DL: 750 Gbps / km2 UL: 125 Gbps / km2

Indoor ultra-high broadband access 75,000 / km2 (75/1000 m2 office) DL: 15 Tbps / km2 (15 Gbps / 1000 m2) UL: 2 Tbps / km2 (2 Gbps / 1000 m2)
DL: 3.75 Tbps / km2 (DL: 0.75 Tbps /
Broadband access in a crowd 150,000 / km2 (30.000 / stadium) stadium) UL: 7.5 Tbps / km2 (1.5 Tbps / stadium)
400 / km2 in suburban DL: 20 Gbps / km2 in suburban UL: 2.5 Gbps / km2 in rural
50+ Mbps everywhere 100 / km2 in rural DL: 5 Gbps / km2 in rural UL: 2.5 Gbps / km2 in rural
Ultra-low cost broadband access for
low ARPU areas 16 / km2 16 Mbps / km2 16 Mbps / km2
2000 / km2
Mobile broadband in vehicles (500 active users per train x 4 trains, DL: 100 Gbps / km2 UL: 50 Gbps / km2
(cars, trains) or 1 active user per car x 2000 cars) (25 Gbps per train, 50 Mbps per car) (12.5 Gbps per train, 25 Mbps per car)
80 per plane
Airplanes connectivity 60 airplanes per 18,000 km2 DL: 1.2 Gbps / plane UL: 600 Mbps / plane
Massive low-cost/long-range/low-
power MTC Up to 200,000 / km2 Non critical Non critical

Broadband MTC See the requirements for the Broadband access in dense areas and 50+Mbps everywhere categories

Ultra-low latency Not critical Potentially high Potentially high

Resilience and traffic surge 10,000 / km2 Potentially high Potentially high
Ultra-high reliability & Ultra-low
latency Not critical Potentially high Potentially high

Ultra-high availability & reliability Not critical Potentially high Potentially high

Broadcast like services Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant

Figure 16: System Requirements

2.1.3 Regulatory requirements

Further requirements are coming from national authorities, the network regulators.
Among these there are:
 Lawful interception
 Determination of the location of a user
 Emergency call handling
 Prioritization
 Support of public warning systems like the Earthquake and Tsunami Warning
System (ETWS)

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2.2 3GPP view on requirements

3GPP provides in TS22.261 two tables showing the requirements for eMBB on one
side and for mMTC and URLLC on the other, for different use cases and deployment
situations.

Scenario Experienced Experienced Area traffic Area traffic Overall Activity UE speed Coverage
data rate data rate capacity capacity user factor
(DL) (UL) (DL) (UL) density
1 Urban 50 Mbps 25 Mbps 100 50 10 20% Pedestrians Full
macro Gbps/km2 Gbps/km2 000/km2 and users network
(note 4) (note 4) in vehicles (note 1)
(up to 120
km/h
2 Rural 50 Mbps 25 Mbps 1 500 100/km2 20% Pedestrians Full
macro Gbps/km2 Mbps/km2 and users network
(note 4) (note 4) in vehicles (note 1)
(up to 120
km/h
3 Indoor 1 Gbps 500 Mbps 15 2 Tbps/km2 250 note 2 Pedestrians Office and
hotspot Tbps/km2 000/km2 residential
(note 2)
(note 3)
4 Broadband 25 Mbps 50 Mbps [3,75] [7,5] [500 30% Pedestrians Confined
access in Tbps/km2 Tbps/km2 000]/km2 area
a crowd
5 Dense 300 Mbps 50 Mbps 750 125 25 10% Pedestrians Downtown
urban Gbps/km2 Gbps/km2 000/km2 and users (note 1)
(note 4) (note 4) in vehicles
(up to 60
km/h)
6 Broadcast- Maximum N/A or N/A N/A [15] TV N/A Stationary Full
like 200 Mbps modest channels users, network
services (per TV (e.g., 500 of [20 pedestrians (note 1)
channel) kbps per Mbps] on and users
user) one in vehicles
carrier (up to 500
km/h)
7 High- 50 Mbps 25 Mbps 15 7,5 1 30% Users in Along
speed Gbps/train Gbps/train 000/train trains (up to railways
train 500 km/h) (note 1)
8 High- 50 Mbps 25 Mbps [100] [50] 4 50% Users in Along
speed Gbps/km2 Gbps/km2 000/km2 vehicles roads
vehicle (up to 250 (note 1)
km/h)
9 Airplanes 15 Mbps 7,5 Mbps 1,2 600 400/plane 20% Users in (note 1)
connectivity
Gbps/plane Mbps/plane airplanes
(up to 1
000 km/h)
NOTE 1: For users in vehicles, the UE can be connected to the network directly, or via an on-board moving base
station.
NOTE 2: A certain traffic mix is assumed; only some users use services that require the highest data rates [2].
NOTE 3: For interactive audio and video services, for example, virtual meetings, the required two-way end-to-end
latency (UL and DL) is 2-4 ms while the corresponding experienced data rate needs to be up to 8K 3D video
[300 Mbps] in uplink and downlink.
NOTE 4: These values are derived based on overall user density. Detailed information can be found in [10].
NOTE 5: All the values in this table are targeted values and not strict requirements.

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Scenario End-to-end Jitter Survival Communication Reliability User Payload Traffic Connection Service area
latency time service availability (note 4) experienced size density density dimension
(note 3) (note 4) data rate (note 5) (note 6) (note 7) (note 8)
Discrete automation – 1 ms 1 µs 0 ms 99,9999% 99,9999% 1 Mbps Small 1 Tbps/km2 100 000/km2 100 x 100 x 30 m
motion control up to 10 Mbps
(note 1)
Discrete automation 10 ms 100 µs 0 ms 99,99% 99,99% 10 Mbps Small to big 1 Tbps/km2 100 000/km2 1000 x 1000 x 30 m
Process automation – 50 ms 20 ms 100 ms 99,9999% 99,9999% 1 Mbps Small to big 100 Gbps/km2 1 000/km2 300 x 300 x 50 m
remote control up to 100 Mbps
Process automation ‒ 50 ms 20 ms 100 ms 99,9% 99,9% 1 Mbps Small 10 Gbps/km2 10 000/km2 300 x 300 x 50
monitoring
Electricity distribution 25 ms 25 ms 25 ms 99,9% 99,9% 10 Mbps Small to big 10 Gbps/km2 1 000/km2 100 km along power
– medium voltage line
Electricity distribution 5 ms 1 ms 10 ms 99,9999% 99,9999% 10 Mbps Small 100 Gbps/km2 1 000/km2 200 km along power
– high voltage (note 9) line
(note 2)
Intelligent transport 10 ms 20 ms 100 ms 99,9999% 99,9999% 10 Mbps Small to big 10 Gbps/km2 1 000/km2 2 km along a road
systems –
infrastructure
backhaul
Tactile interaction 0,5 ms TBC TBC [99,999%] [99,999%] [Low] [Small] [Low] [Low] TBC
(note 1)
Remote control [5 ms] TBC TBC [99,999%] [99,999%] [From low to [Small to big] [Low] [Low] TBC
10 Mbps]
NOTE 1: Traffic prioritization and hosting services close to the end-user may be helpful in reaching the lowest latency values.
NOTE 2: Currently realised via wired communication lines.
NOTE 3: This is the end-to-end latency the service requires. The end-to-end latency is not completely allocated to the 5G system in case other networks are in the communication path.
NOTE 4: Communication service availability relates to the service interfaces, reliability relates to a given node. Reliability should be equal or higher than communication service availability.
NOTE 5: Small: payload typically ≤ 256 bytes
NOTE 6: Based on the assumption that all connected applications within the service volume require the user experienced data rate.
NOTE 7: Under the assumption of 100% 5G penetration.
NOTE 8: Estimates of maximum dimensions; the last figure is the vertical dimension.

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2.3 ITU Technical requirements

As mentioned above, different usage scenarios have different requirements. These
requirements need not be fulfilled all at the same time within the network for any
service.
The ITU defined eight criteria which they considered as crucial for the performance of
the IMT-2020 communication system:
 Peak data rate
 User experienced data rate
 Latency
 Mobility
 Connection density
 Energy efficiency
 Spectral efficiency
 Area traffic capacity

Figure 17: Required Enhancements of Key Capabilities (ITU)

Above figure of the ITU shows the amount of performance increase which is
necessary for these different requirements compared to IMT advanced.

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In a document “Minimum requirements related to technical performance for IMT-2020

radio interface(s)” the ITU defined in more detail the requirements which candidates
for IMT-2020 have to fulfil.

Technical requirement Usage scenario applicability Target value

eMBB mMTC URLLC General /
Non-specific
Peak date rate √ DL: 20 Gbps
UL: 10 Gbps
Peak spectral efficiency √ DL: 30 bps/Hz
UL: 15 bps/Hz
User experienced data √ DL: 100 Mbps
rate UL: 50 Mbps
5th percentile user √ Terrain DL UL
spectral efficiency Indoor Hotspot 0.3 0.21
(bit/s/Hz) Dense Urban 0.225 0.15
Rural 0.12 0.045
Average spectral √ Terrain DL UL
efficiency (bit/s/Hz) Indoor Hotspot 9 6.75
Dense Urban 7.8 5.4
Rural 3.3 1.6
Area traffic capacity √ 10 Mbit/s/m2
User plane latency √ √ URLLC: 1ms
eMBB: 4ms
Control plane latency √ √ 20ms (10ms encouraged)

Figure 18: Minimum Technical Performance Requirement (1)

Technical requirement Usage scenario applicability Target value

eMBB mMTC URLLC General /
Non-specific
Connection density √ 1,000,000 devices/km2

Energy efficiency √ Qualitative measure

Reliability √ 1-10-5 Failure Probability for TX 32B in 1ms

Mobility √ Terrain TCLD (bits/s/Hz) Mobility (km/h)

Indoor Hotspot 1.5 10
Dense Urban 1.12 30
Rural 0.8 120
Rural 0.45 500
Mobility interruption √ √ 0 ms
time

Bandwidth √ At least 100 MHz, up to 1GHz for higher frequency bands

TCLD – Traffic Channel Link Data rate

Figure 19: Minimum Technical Performance Requirement (2)

22 Introduction to 5G
© 2019 tfk-technologies GmbH
What should 5G be able to?

Introduction to 5G 23
© 2019 tfk-technologies GmbH