Understanding 5G Key Technologies

Part 1

What is 5G？

 What’s 5G？  What is 5G used for？  What’s the first usage？

2
 What is 5G?
5G

Latency Throughput Connections Mobility Architecture

1 ms 10G 1,000,000 500 km/h Slicing

E2E bps Per Connections High-speed Ability
Latency Connection Per Km2 Railway Required
GAP

30~50x 16x 100x 1.5x NFV/SDN

600Mbps 10K 350Km/h Inflexible
LTE

30~50ms

3
Key Usage Scenarios Drive for 5G

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

eMBB
4K/8K UHD AR & VR Cloud Gaming Enhanced Mobile Media Home Broadband In-venue Wireless In-car
10 Gbps & TV Broadband Operations
Video

Ultra-reliable Low Latency Communications

Industrial Automation Remote Manufacturing/Surgery Self-driving Vehicles Ultra-reliable applications

Massive Machine type Communications

mMTC URLLC
1 million connections/km2 1 ms Smart Agriculture Logistics Smart City
Smart Homes/Buildings Energy & Utilities

Source: Recommendation ITU-R M.2083

5G connections will go beyond human beings’ communications, and will enable intelligent internet of things in the future. Next
generation of telecommunication technologies will be adopted by a wider range of industries and sectors.
4
 eMBB

Enhanced Mobile Broadband Brings New Experience of Quality

Tactile Internet 4K/8K, UHD Video Sports Stadiums HD Augmented Reality Virtual Reality

Speed DL UL
Speed experienced by users 100 Mbps 50 Mbps 100-200 Mbps
Peak rate 20 Gbps 10 Gbps
Peak spectral efficiency 30 bps/Hz 15 bps/Hz
Cloud PC
Sources: ITU-R, Minimum requirements for IMT-2020, Huawei
4G 10-20 Mbps
Resolution 2D 3D
4K ~25Mbps ~50Mbps 3G 1 Mbps …
Cloud VR/AR/MR Cloud Gaming
8K ~100Mbps ~200Mbps

5G will carry the heavily loaded data transmission required for VR/AR graphics, industrial video for machine monitoring, live
stream etc., where large amounts of media and data will need to be supported for uplink or/and downlink communications.
5
 FWA

5G-based Fixed-Wireless Access can Provide Gigabit Broadband to Homes

Stage 1: FWA User Improvement Stage 2: Enhanced Home APP Stage 3: In-venue Ecosystem Exploring

• Broadband + 4K + VR • Home Cloud, Home Security • Smart Home, Wireless Health/ Education, etc

Home
IPTV Entertainment

VR Protect Home Automation

Home Management

SMART
HOME
Home Security SMART Home Health
Camera Data Connect interact HOME

LTE-A 5G

5G will provide an attractive alternative to complement existing provisioning of gigabit home broadband. Close cooperation
between the telecom operator and the service creator will help to improve chances of success in the market.
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 Smart Healthcare

5G Potential Usage in Wireless Healthcare

AI+ vehicle to provide mobile medical Video-assisted Data collection, monitoring,

diagnosis & treatment medical diagnosis and analysis

Latency Medical monitoring & nursing

consecutive small packets
Patient location, Wireless infusion, Wireless monitoring
≤100 ms
Medical diagnosis & guidance
video & audio + medical image
Wireless specialist diagnosis, Emergency rescue, Surgery teaching, Robot/mobile inspection
≤20 ms Remote operation & control
video & audio + medical images + Haptic feedback
Remote robotic ultrasonic/endoscopy/surgery
≤3 Mbps ≤15 Mbps Bandwidth
Source: Huawei, Wireless Healthcare White Paper

Concerning medical video services, 5G provides suffitient bandwidth to support multi-channel HD videos and VR/AR in
healthcare. As for medical operations, 5G supports remote sense of touch and eye tracking.
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5G Fights Against Covid-19 and Improves the Efficiency of Diagnosis and Treatment in
China
5G remote consultation 5G ambulance 5Gremote diagnosis 5G Mobile trolley

Multi-hospital expert consultation Timely treatment of critically ill patients Improve the efficiency of medical staff The most popular 5G application
In response to the disease, multiple Hospital experts remotely intervene in Remote treatment by remote experts to Reduce the number of quarantine by
expert meetings discussed, reached ambulances to improve the efficiency of improve medical efficiency medical staff to reduce the risk of
consensus, etc. experts infection
5G Unmanned vehicle Non-contact temp. detection Medical robot 5G Mobile detection vehicle

Timely supply, contactless delivery Epidemic prevention and control Medical equipment handling Flexible docking, get medical treatment
Unmanned vehicles deliver items to Reduce the risk of cross-contamination Reduce the risk of personnel infection in nearby
designated locations to reduce contact caused by contact temperature the quarantine area Reduce the possibility of cross infection
infection measurement,±0.3℃ due to going to the hospital

During the epidemic, 5G enabled a large number of applications such as remote medicine, remote prevention and control, and remote diagnosis and
treatment, and improved medical efficiency with technology
5G Enable Live Streaming of Famous Attractions
China Telecom 5G Zolmo Lungma View Broadcasting 5G Safari Broadcasting l

Beautiful Sunset Live Broadcasting

5G site + FHD Camera in Hotel or wild view spot

Live broadcasting
from A.S.L. 5000M

5G Site and 3 4K Cameras Installed

Ads Web Flyer User Portal
A.S.L 5300m

Business Value ：
• 4K UHD, VR View, 360° Immersive Experience
• 6M Customers Watched live broadcasting from China
Telecom APP Cope with Tiktok, Youtube , facebook, use Web/APP live
broadcasting of live wild scene for brand advocating
5G Enable Factory Automation
China Mobile 5G Based Intelligent Ningbo Port Proposal for Kenya 5G based industrial solutions

Truck Auto Driving 5G+AI container piling Chemical Factory where is dangerous High-tech Factory requiring
for human advanced skills

Auto Pooling Pilots Intelligent gantry crane Office park demanding 5G Mombasa Port Automaton
Private line
Commercial Model: Commercial Model:
• Professional Port Integration Corporation as the primary • Cope with professional industrial
integrator, integrating Telco 5G solutions Integrators for automation solutions towards
& other equipment vendors 5G suitable scenarios (High-tech, Toxic etc)
Part 2

5G KEY TECHNOLOGIES

 Air interface  Network architecture

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New Air Interface Technology

Massive MIMO
Full duplex (Spatial multiplexing)
Increase the throughput.
(Full-duplex mode)
Increase the throughput.
Air interface
Mobile Adaptive
IoT
Internet
Polar
SCMA encoding
(Multiple access) (Channel code)
Increase the number of connections. Improve reliability.
Shorten the delay. F-OFDM Reducing power
consumption
(Flexible waveform)
Flexibly coping with different services

Page 12
5G Standard Progress Update

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16

Global
NSA NR SA NR Full IMT-2020 NR Launch

Phase1 Phase2

Phase 1 Phase 2
NR Framework Architecture NR Improvement Vertical Digitalization
• Waveform & Channel Coding • NR/LTE Co-existing • New Multiple Access • uRLLC Enhancement
• Frame Structure, Numerology • UL&DL Decoupling • eMBB Sub6G Enhancement • mMTC
• Native MIMO • CU-DU Split • Self-Backhaul • D2D
• Flexible Duplex • NSA / SA • V2X
• Unlicensed
Others: uRLLC
 Coverage Gain of Massive MIMO Beamforming

• Traffic channel:  Broadcast channel:

• High-gain narrow beam
• Dynamic adjustment of the  High-gain narrow beam
beamforming direction
 Beam scanning with
predefined directions
Massive MIMO Capacity Gain from Multi-User MIMO

 The eNodeB selects multiple UEs for scheduling and uses Multiple antennas to transmit/receive
multi-stream data to/from these difference UEs

 Different users receive/transmit different data streams to implement concurrent data transmission
SA vs NSA:
NR in SA/NSA Architecture

NSA (Non Standalone) SA (Standalone)

EPC NG
EPC CORE

S1
S1 NG-C NG-U

LTE 5G NR
LTE 5G NR
Data Split
Control plane Control plane
User plane User plane

• Support eMBB • Support eMBB/uRLLC/mMTC and E2E

• Reuse current EPC, LTE as anchor network slicing
• Dual connection for user data, 5G NR can be • Need to build new 5G core
introduced quickly, coverage ensured by LTE • Require good 5G coverage
Evolutional Path to 5G: New NSA/SA Architecture

NSA - Non Standalone SA - Standalone

EPC NG Core
• Focus on eMBB • eMBB/URLLC/mMTC all usage scenario and
• LTE as anchor, reuse current network slicing
LTE NR NR
EPC, 5G NR quick introduction • New Core required
• Voice: Via LTE，VoLTE or CSFB • Voice：VoNR or CSFB（under discussion）

EPC+ 5GC 5GC

5GC 5GC
S1-C S1-U X2-C/U Xn-C/U NG-C NG-U NG-C NG-U Xn-C/U
NG-C NG-U NG-C NG-U
LTE NR eLTE NR eLTE NR
NR eLTE

Option 3/3a/3x Option 4/4a Option 7/7a/7x

Option 2 Option 5
Source: 3GPP TR23.799

3GPP's Release 15 non-standalone (NSA, option3) standard was completed in December 2017; standalone (SA, option2)
standard was frozen in June 2018; and the late drop standard(option4/7) will be frozen by the 1st quarter of 2019.
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 New Architecture to Support Vertical Industries

Ultra HD

Developer
Voice

Consumer
Real-time NFV+SDN Telco-OS
service
Partner
Unified control plane +
IoT service User plane of multiple services Carrier

Industry requirements define the Architecture based on cloud and big data
slice

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 Enhanced 5G Security

Enhanced Better Enhanced Stronger

cryptographic algorithm user privacy protection Interconnection security Air Interface Security

256-bit cryptographic Encryption of users' E2E Protection User Plane

algorithm IMSI between PLMNs Integrity Protection
e.g.

5G L=256

L=256

L=128 Anti-alter

VS VS VS VS

128-bit cryptographic User IMSI is sent in

4G algorithm plaintext. Similar to SS7 attacks Attack of user plane
5G Architecture for Network Slicing Technology

MCE
Cache
Business Application E2E Slice
Local DC Regional DC Management
CO
Business Model Design SLA Definition

MCE/V2X Server MCE

Network Functions Slice Template
RAN-CP SDN-Controller SOC-CP
Local DC Regional DC Control Plane
CO Slice Topology
MCE/V2X Server RAN-UP Transport-UP SOC-UP Design
User Plane

IoT Server
Slice Function
Physical Infrastructure Define

RAN Transport Core SLA Decomposition

Local DC Regional DC
CO
NFVI
CP UP

Adaptive New Radio and Topology as a Service Cloud-Native Architecture & Internet Architectural Operation

When utilising network slicing, business customers have access to highly customized networks tailored to their specific
requirements in a cost effective, timely and efficient way which can be governed by a service level agreement.
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 Target: High Quality Service need for 100 Mbit/s Continuous Coverage

Downlink 50-100Mbps supports 4K/8K Uplink 5 Mbps supports 1K live videos

videos
1080P Live Broadcast 1080P Monitoring Broadcast
Monitor Smartphone HD TV VR/AR, holographic

Initial stage: Smartphones, HDTV, and basic VR Mid stage: 8K TV/VR Forecast of traffic growth during busy hours
(Based-on Prediction)
DL Traffic
UL Traffic
Resolution 2D 3D
Uplink and downlink
720P ~1.5Mbps -
1080P ~4Mbps - traffic ratio
2K ~10Mbps - 1:10~1:7
4K ~25Mbps ~50Mbps
8K ~100Mbps ~200Mbps 2016 2020 2024 2028
64T64R Massive MIMO: Major Macro Base Station Solution

“Large-scale Antenna + Wide BW” 64T is the Main Selection Globally

Gbps User Experience
scenario-based 3D beam for precise
mmWave
coverage
~1GHz

2600M C-Band
2100M
1900M
1800M ~100MHz
900M
800M
700M • 64T supports horizontal and vertical beamforming
Wide Bandwidth 3D MIMO and scanning
100MHz/ carrier 64T64R

Ultimate experience Ultra-large capacity

• xGbps speed rate • 20~30x cell
capacity
(compared with 20M LTE)
 BBU5900+AAU Integrated Deployment

5G Base Station is Chip-based, High 5G Base Station Deployment

Integration

3.5G
64T64R
AAU
3.5G 64T AAU BBU5900 Baseband Process

Multi-channel and Multi-mode 5G Baseband

high-power integration Board 4G:RRU+ 5G AAU
• 64T64R 2G/3G/4G/5G/NB Antenna
• 3*100M 64T64R
• 200W
50Gbps
2x25Gbps rate
BBU5900
4G/5G
HiSilicon RF chips and baseband chips : co-deployment
Multi-channel, large bandwidth, and high integration
Part 3

5G PROGRESSES

 Standardization  Industrial chain  Spectrum

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 Standardization

5G Standardization Status in 3GPP

2017 2018 2019 2020

Rel-15 Rel-16 Rel-17

NSA NR SA NR Full IMT-2020 NR
by 2017.12 by 2018.06 by 2019.12

Release 15 Release 16/17/18

Frequency Range Architecture 5G Expansion NR MIMO enhancement
FR1- sub-6GHz UL&DL Decoupling NR V2X DC/CA enhancement (Sync, NR-NR DC)
FR2- 24250-52600 MHz CU-DU Split Industrial IOT UE capabilities
NSA/SA URLLC enhancement NR Mobility enhancement
NR Framework Higher bands(>52.6 GHz) NR Positioning
Waveform & Channel Coding Others IAB
Frame Structure, Numerology URLLC 5G Efficiency NR SON/MDT
Massive MIMO NOMA NR UE Power Consumption

Standardization can reduce the cost for a massive number of users and address the issue of global roaming, which helps
achieve economies of scale.
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 Spectrum

Global 5G Spectrum Awards

Awarded Plan for Award

Finland France Germany Italy USA Egypt Saudi Arabia, Switzerland Denmark Sweden UK Romania Slovenia Canada
700 2*30 MHz 2*30 MHz 2*30 MHz 2*30 MHz 84 MHz 2*10 MHz2*30 +2*20 MHz 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019
MHz
UAE Oman Qatar Tunisia Mexico, 2019-2020

Finland Czech Hungary Ireland Poland Italy Norway Austria Germany Sweden Switzerland Brazil Kuwait Qatar
390 MHz 200 MHz 2*30+20 MHz 350 MHz 84 MHz 200 MHz 190 MHz 2019 2019 2020 2019 2019 2018
C Band Russia
Romania Spain UK Slovakia UAE Saudi Arabia Japan Hongkong France Denmark Turkey
2*55+145 MHz 360 MHz 2*20+234 MHz2*80+240 MHz 200 MHz 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2020 2020

Qatar Bahrain Jordan Saudi Arabia, Korea Australia Canada Mexico

2*25 MHz 2*90 MHz 2*40 MHz 2*21 +2*28 MHz 280 MHz 125 MHz 2020 2019

2.6 GHz USA China Japan Thailand Vietnam Myanmar Norway Saudi Arabia, UAE
trial 2021 2019 2019 2019 2020 2019 2019

26 GHz Italy Korea USA Germany Portugal Romania Spain UK Sweden Finland
1 GHz 2.4 GHz
USA, 2018 Japan,2019 UAE Bahrain Qatar Australia

The governments have been actively planning and allocating harmonized and contiguous spectrum blocks for 5G. C-Band is
the primary band amongst a combination of high, medium, and low-frequency bands for 5G.
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Source：Cullen, open
Part 4

5G STRATEGY & POLICIES

 5G Strategy  5G Economy  5G Spectrum  5G Infrastructure  5G Ecosystem

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 Economy

How 5G will Influence Economies

Global 5G coverage and adoption Global 5G value chain output and employment in 2035
34%

29% 1.1

25%
22%
0.8 United States Korea Japan
Gross output $719B Gross output $120B Gross output $492B
17% Employment 3.4M Employment 963K Employment 2.1M
0.5

0.3
8%
0.1
United Kingdom Germany France
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
5G connections Population Gross output $76B Gross output $202B Gross output $85B
(billions) coverage Employment 605K Employment 1.2M Employment 396K
Source：GSMA Intelligence Source：IHS, The 5G economy: How 5G technology will contribute to the global economy

Contribution of 5G to Canadian Economy 5G’s productivity benefit on real Australian GDP per capita in 2050

Per
person
$1,900 $2,700 $7,600 $8,400 by 2050

Shorter benefit Shorter benefit longer benefit longer benefit

Lagged rollout Quick rollout Lagged rollout Quick rollout
Source：Accenture strategy, fuel for innovation, Canada’s Path in the Race to 5G Source：Australian Government, Impacts of 5G on productivity and economic growth
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 Economy

Industries with Most Intensive Telecom Use = Biggest Initial Users of 5G

Priority Use Cases in Early 5G Deployments

74%
Enhanced mobile broadband
21%
Massive IoT
4G NB IoT and eMTC from the start
5%
Ultra-reliable communications (critical services, etc.)
Less priority due to uncertainty and trade-off with ROI
Source：GSMA, CEO 5G survey, 2016

5G Early Applications from Enhanced Mobile Broadband

Enhanced mobile media (advertising, video, music, etc.)
Home broadband and TV
AR & VR
Cloud gaming
In-car entertainment
Haptics
Source：BCAR estimates derived from ABS Input-Output data for 2014-15 (Cat. No. 5209.0.55.001 In-venue media
Source：Ovum, How 5G will transform the business of media & entertainment

eMBB is the clearest potential 5G use case in early deployments and will support the delivery of high-definition video, immersive
communication and smart city services, under laid by capacity, latency, MEC, virtualized networks and network slicing.
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 Economy

Prospects for Potential Influences of 5G Applications

Enhanced Massive Mission 5G-enabled Percent of

Industry Mobile Internet Critical output industry e.g. the impacts of mobile broadband and 5G in UK
Broadband of Things Services (2016$, M) output
Agriculture,forestry,fishing 510 6.4%
“A report, by Development Economics for
Arts, Entertainment 65 3.5%
O2, predicts that national 5G infrastructure
Construction 742 4.7%
will directly contribute an additional 7
Education 277 3.5%
billion a year to the UK economy by 2026,
Financial, insurance 676 4.6% with an additional 3 billion per annum
Health, social work 119 2.3% through indirect impacts through the supply
Hospitality 562 4.8% chain.”
Info, communications 1421 11.5%
Manufacturing 3364 4.2%
Direct impact
Mining, quarrying 249 4.1%
Associated with the operators undertaking the investment.
Professional service 623 3.7%
Public service 1066 6.5% Indirect impact
Real estate activities 400 2.4%
Associated with the operators supply chains, in terms of businesses
Transport, storage 659 5.6% from which they purchase goods or services, and in turn the supply
Utilities 273 4.5% chains of those businesses.
Wholesale, retail 1294 3.4%
Induced impact
All industry sectors 4400 3600 4300 12300 AVE: 4.6%
Induced impacts associated with increased employment and
No impact High impact economic activity, which then generates higher spending by both
consumers and businesses.
Source：IHS, The 5G economy: How 5G technology will contribute to the global economy

When taking into account the economic activity supported in other sectors of the economy, the total economic output enabled
globally by 5G by 2035 is estimated as $12.3 trillion.
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Part 4

5G Infrastructure

32
 Infrastructure

Fits for the Purpose for 5G Networks Roll-out - Access to Utility Poles, etc.

eMBB Service: High Peak-to-Average Pole Site Eliminates Gaps of User Easy Deployment on Site
Ratio Experience

3.5G AAU
THR
Gbps 64T64R
55% 4G:RRU+Antenna
Volume
1000 X 5G AAU 5G AAU
100 Mbps 23%
Mbps Weight
4G:RRU+Antenna
4G Parapet
Antenna+RRU
Busy Hour Idle Hour Time
C Band
Main Pole + Overlay Dual poles
Room Limitation Leads to Poor Coverage in Dense 200MHz BW / 200W, 64TRX Secondary Pole

Room Limitation in
70% Dense Urban

560Mln Buildings under Macro site Pole site Macro site

Poor Coverage
Eliminate the Gaps of Gbps

We recommend that governments and public sector organizations push for sharing of public infrastructures with network carriers
(e.g. sidewalks, street lights, roofs of public buildings) so that they can build 5G base stations more efficiently.
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 Infrastructure

To Share Public Infrastructures Increasing Site Supply

C-band 64T64R C-band 32T32R mmWave mmWave Lampsite

Macro Macro Macro Pole Site 5G+LTE

Light Airports Bus stations Towers Pipes Rooftops in public Other

Metros space, green fields
poles
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5G Reduces Complexity, Energy, Site Cost
Compact All in One Design Saves Space

Sub 3GHz All in Massive MIMO

One Antenna

Multi-mode RRU
Traditional Macro
(Difficult site conditions)
Lamppost
Solutions
(Simple
site
conditions)

Saves Energy 3.3w / MHz (4G) ⇨ 0.13w / MHz (5G)

3
5
Digital Indoor System – Replace WiFi Router + Reuse Transmission

WiFi Plus 2/3/4/5G Indoor 5G Live Network

1.6 10x
All in 1 5 Modes Gbps Capacity
WiFi / G / U / L / NB / 5G

5G LampSite
2 Trans Beijing Airport
Fiber / CAT6A 1,400,000㎡ Terminal Area 2000+
5G pRRU
3 Bands 4T4R
1.8G / 2.1G / C-band

5G Scenarios

Office Airport Metro Train Station Shopping Mall Stadium Hospital Cafe

3
6
 Infrastructure

e.g. Synergies of Infrastructure & Infrastructure Sharing

United States United Kingdom Germany Korea

It has reformed the Federal The South Korean Ministry of

Government should assess The working group is analysing
framework governing pole Science and ICT coordinated
whether current plans to simplify which of the
attachments by adopting a over 30 stakeholders to push
or remove requirements for passive carrier infrastructures
process where the new attacher for 17 local governments and
base station deployment planning that the DigiNetz Act makes
moves existing attachments and metro operators to co-build 5G
permission go far enough to reference to, for instance trafc
conducts all other work required networks. Infrastructure is to
support effective 5G deployment. lights, trafc signs, street
to make the pole ready for a new be shared, such as towers,
Progress should be accelerated in furniture, crash barriers or
attachment. This ‘one-touch, antennas, pipes, manholes,
opening up access to public manhole covers, are
make-ready’ process will e t c . Korea has s e t u p
owned buildings and particularly
provide an incentive for the new independent authorities to help
infrastructure and should suitable for the deployment of
attacher to prepare the pole resolve disagreements or
consider specific rights to access 5G by means of co-use.
quickly, instead of the work disputes.
public infrastructure.
being divided between several
07/2017
parties. 2018
01/2017
08/2018
Source: FCCG UK Strategy and Plan for 5G & Source: 5G Strategy for Germany Source: Telecompaper
Digitisation - Driving Economic Growth and
Source: Telecompaper Productivity

Some regulators have already stepped up co-usability of infrastructures for the development of 5G cells, especially looked for
solutions to facilitate access to public sector properties owned by the Government and local authorities.
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5G
Lives in

Harmony

With Nature
Many great inventions in history were initially misunderstood by ignorant people

Noise Monster!

The invention of the steam engine The invention of aircraft The first vaccination of vaccinia
Brought a leap in productivity A major revolution in the history of In 1979, the WTO declared that "smallpox
human transportation disappeared on the earth“
VS VS VS
Watt invented the steam engine in 1776, the In 1903, the first flight of the Wright brothers In 1796 doctor Jenna invented the vaccine, but rumor
public were worried that the huge pressure succeeded, the public were worried about safty has it that people will grow horns after use it
of steam will cause explosion and firmly opposed
Coronavirus appears 80 years earlier than 5G network

• Coronaviruses are a type of virus widely existing in nature, and there are currently 50 recorded
coronaviruses.

• The new coronavirus pneumonia (Coronavirus 2019, COVID-19) is one of the seventh known coronaviruses
that can infect humans.

First Coronavirus HCoV-229E HCoV-OC43 SARS-CoV HCoV-NL63 HCoV-HKU1 MERS-CoV COVID-19

was found

1937 1965 1967 2003 2004 2005 2012 2019

Found in
the US
Coronavirus has nothing to do with 5G networks

COVID-19 appears with 5G? Fake!

As of April 6, 2020, COVID-19 confirmed cases have occurred in 200+

200+ VS 30+
countries around the world, of which only 30+ countries have deployed Countries Countries
5G networks on a commercial scale, and most countries have not
COVID-19 confirmed Deployed 5G
deployed 5G networks on a commercial scale.

5G network caused COVID-19? Fake! 5G frequency band caused COVID-19? Fake!

Leishenshan Hospital Huoshenshan Hospital

2.6/3.5GHz 4G & 5G
3.5GHz and 2.6GHz have been widely used for
The two newly-built hospitals have made tremendous contributions to
the "anti-epidemic"; they both use the 5G network to support all 3G and 4G by operators for more than ten years!
internal and external communications, and patients are currently
recovering.
5G, like 4G and 3G, is only electromagnetic waves

5G, 4G, 3G are all safe low frequency 5G and 4G, 3G frequency bands
electromagnetic waves have been widely used

700/800Mhz 2G , 3G, 4G band

900Mhz 4G , 5G band
1400Mhz 4G , 5G band
1800Mhz
2G , 4G , 5G band
2100Mhz
3G , 4G band
2600Mhz
4G , 5G band
3500Mhz
4G , 5G band
28 Ghz
5G mmwave, Microwave band
5G, 4G and 3G frequencies are 500MHz-30GHz, which are
harmless non-ionizing radiation
5G Power Per Beam is Lower Than Light Bulb

Output Power Per Beam By 5G, Lower 5G signal received by user is weaker than
Than Light Bulb home appliance
5G 64T64R AAU output power is 200W, 16 beams for
beamforming, only 12.5W per beam, which is lower than light
bulb

Microwave oven
1~10mW/m2 4mW/m2 50~100mW/m2

12.5W 5G AAU

VS
Household Light Bulb: Automobile Front Light:
20~200W 50~80W User contact signal
strength:
0.1~0.5mW/m2

EMF Area
20W 100W 200W
 The Road to 5G

Aspiration

Roadmap
Making spectrum available in a timely manner
Reviewing existing telecommunications regulatory arrangements to ensure they are fit-for-purpose for the future
Actively engaging in the international standardization process
Stimulating the experiment and demonstration to promote the taken-up of technology(coverage, penetration, etc.)
Streamlining arrangements to allow the carriers to deploy infrastructure by timetable

Task & Tool

Resourceful Policy Decretory Policy Participant Initiative Economic Incentive
Interdepartmental Data sharing Funding for R&D&I, USF
Approval Limits management
Spectrum PPP
Platform for Platform for
Easing Obligation dialogue cooperation Tax deduction & exemption

It’s dedicated to settle down the targets, leverage existing resources, unlock bottlenecks, ease the procedures and provide the certainty for
investment over the long term.
 Vision and Mission
Bring digital to every person, home and organization for a fully connected,
intelligent world.

Thank you

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