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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
1K views18 pagesReading Skill 9-11
Toefle
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Ryz PhpCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 18
READING QUESTIONS (Paper and Computer)
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
In the reading section of both the paper TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL test, there
will be a number of vocabulary questions. On the paper test, the vocabulary questions will,
always be multiple-choice questions. On the computer test, vocabulary questions may be
multiple-choice questions, or they may be click-on questions: you may be asked to look at
one word in a passage and click on another word with a similar or opposite meaning, or
you may be asked to click on a word with a given meaning
To answer a vocabulary question, itis, of course, helpful if you know the meaning of
the word that is being tested. However, itis not always necesary for you to know the mean-
ing of the word; often there are skills that you can use to help you find the correct answer
to the question: (1) finding definitions from structural clues, (2) determining meanings
from word parts, and (3) using context clues to determine meanings.
‘Skint 8: FIND DEFINITIONS FROM STRUCTURAL CLUES
When you are asked to determine the meaning of a word in the reading section of either
the paper TOEFL test or the computer TOEFL test, itis possible (1) that the passage pro-
vides information about the meaning of the word, and (2) that there are structural clues
tell you that the definition of a word is included in the passage. Look at a multiple-choice
example from the paper TOEFL. test where a structural clue to the meaning of the tested
word is included in the passage.
Example from the Paper TOEFL Test
‘The passage:
One of the leading schools of psychological thought in,
the twentieth century is behaviorism—the belief thatthe role
of the psychologist is to study behavior, which is observable,
Line rather than conscious or unconscious thought, which is not,
(5) Probably the bestknown proponent of behaviorism is BL.
‘Skinner, who is famous for his research on how positive and
negative reinforcement influence behavior. He came to
believe that positive reinforcement such as praise, food, or
money were more effective in promoting good behavior than
(10) negative reinforcement, or punishment.
‘The question:
In “behaviorism” in line 2, a psychologist is concerned with
(A) conscious thought patterns
(B) unconscious thought patterns
(C) observable actions
(D) unobservable actions 42
READING
‘This question asks about the meaning of the word fehaviorion. To answer this question, you
should look at the part of the passage following the word behavioism. The dash punctua-
tion (—) indicates that a definition or further information about behaviorism is going to
follow. In the information following the dash, you should see that the behaviorist is inter
ested in behaios which is observable so the best answer to this question is answer (C)..
‘Now look at a multiple-choice example from the computer TOEFL test where a struc-
tural clue to the meaning of the tested word is included in the passage.
‘Example from the Computer TOEFL Test EIB
‘Ore ofthe leading schools of psychological chou in
the ewentieth century i behavirism—the bei chat che
role ofthe psychologic to study behavior, which i
cbternble, rather tan conscious or unconscious
thought. which isnot. Probably the best-known,
proponent of behsvorism is BF Skinner, wh i famous
{or his research on how positive and negative
reinforcement influence behavior. He came to believe
that postive reinforcement such as praise, food.or
money were more elec in promoting feed behavior
‘than negave reinforcement or punishment
Look atthe pression File
‘Shorcoment nee pase.
Beatie refrceient might ake
the form of
| aah
GS srevard
Satrbe
Sa peraty
This question asks about the meaning of the expression positive renforcement. To answer this,
question, you should look at the part of the passage following the expression positive rein-
forcement. The expression such as indicates that examples of positive reinforcement are going to
follow. Your job is to look at the examples of positive reinforcement and draw a conclusion
about what positive reinforcement might be. Since praise, food, ot money might be given in
return for a job well done, then positive reinforcement must be a reward. You should click on
the second answer to this question.
‘Next look at a click-on example from the computer TOEFL test where a structural clue
to the meaning of the tested word is included in the passage.
Example fom the Computer TOEFL Test IB
‘One of the lecng schools of paychologc! toughen
the cwentith century i behaviorism—the bit that che
role ofthe psychologist ito study behavior, whichis
‘brerable, rather than corscou® or unconscious
‘ought which not Probably the best-known
proponent of behavorism i BF Skinner, who i famous
{or his research on bow positive and negative
reinforcement influence behavior. He came to believe
‘hat posite reintorcemene such a praise, food,
money were more efleccve in promoding good behavior
than negative reinforcement, or punishment
| Look a the expression agian
|| rcinvoreamane in de passage. Chek on
|| another word or pirate in the patrage
that e clove fa meaning to this
expression. bine
6
READING QUESTIONS (Paper and Computer)
‘This question asks about a similar meaning to the expression negative reinforcement, To
answer this question, you should look at the part of the passage around the expression neg-
‘ative reinforcement. The word or following negative reinforcement tells you that the idea is going
toe restated in different words. You can see in the passage that another word for negative
inforcement is punishment, so you should click on punishment to answer this question.
The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about
structural clues to help you to understand unknown vocabulary words:
STRUCTURAL CLUES MW) IB
HOWTO IDENTIFY | onboth paper | What isthe meaning of "inline ¥2
‘THE QUESTION and computer | The word X"n Ine is closest in meaning to.
tests HX BIR | The word“X"in ineY could best be replaced by.
fon computer | Look at the word X in paragraph. Click on another
‘est only IB | word thats elose in meaning to X..
‘Click on the word in parogrophY that could best be
replaced by.
TYPESOF CLUES — | punctuation | comma, parentheses, dashes
restatement | otha itn ther words, ie.
examples such, for example eg
\WHERETO FIND — | Information to help you determine what something means will generally
‘THE ANSWER be found after the punctuation clue the restatement cue,or the example
ve.
HOWTO ANSWER Find the word inthe passage.
‘THE QUESTION Locate any structural cles
1
2
| 3. Read the parc of the passage after the structural cue carefull.
4. Eliminace any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer
from the remaining choices.
TOEFL EXERCISE 8: Study each of the passages and choose the best answers to the
questions that follow:
PASSAGE ONE (Questions 1-4)
‘The teddy bear is a child's toy, a nice soft stuffed animal suitable for cuddling. Itis, however,
toy with an interesting history behind it.
‘Theodore Roosevelt, or Teddy as he was commonly called, was president of the United
States from 1901 to 1909. He was an unusually active man with varied pastimes, one of which was
hunting. One day the president was invited to take part in a bear hunt; and inasmuch as Teddy
was president, his hosts wanted to ensure that he caughta bear. A bear was captured, clanked over
the head to knock it out, and tied to tree; however, Teddy, who really wanted to hunt a bear,
refused to shoot the bear and, in fact, demanded that the bear be extricated from the ropes; that
is, he demanded that the bear be set free,
4B 414
0)
Line
0
(19)
READING
‘The incident attracted a lot of attention among journalists. First a cartoon—drawn by
Clifford K. Berryman to make fun of this situation—appeared in the Washington Post, and the
cartoon was widely distributed and reprinted throughout the country. Then toy manufacturers
began producing a toy bear which they called a “teddy bear.” The teddy bear became the most
widely recognized symbol of Roosevelt's presidency.
1. According to line 1 of the passage, what
isa “teddy bear"?
(A) A ferocious animal
(B)_ The president ofthe United States
(©) A famous hunter
(D) Aplaything
2 Look at the word pastimes in paragraph
2. This word could best be replaced by
D pat oceurrences
3. Look at the word extricated in
paragraph 2. Click on another word or
phrase in paragraph 2 that is close in
‘meaning to extricated.
4, Inline 10, a “cartoon” could best be
described as
w
@)
©
)
newspaper
atype of teddy bear
a drawing with a message
newspaper article
Ss previous jobs.
fumtng ps
teisure sees
PASSAGE TWO (Questions 5-8)
A supernova occurs when all of the hydrogen in the core of a huge star is transformed to
iron and explodes. All stars die after their nuclear fuel has been exhausted, Stars with litle mass
die gradually, but those with relatively large mass die in a sudden explosion, a supernova, The
sudden flash of light can then be followed by several weeks of extremely bright light, perhaps as
much light as twenty million stars
Supernovae are not very common; they occur about once every hundred years in any galaxy,
and in 1987 a supernova that could be seen by the naked eye occurred in the Magellan Cloud, a
{galaxy close to the Milky Way. Scientists periodically detect supernovae in other galaxies; however,
‘ho supernovae have occurred in the Milky Waj (the galaxy that includes Earth) since 1604. One
very impressive supernova occurred in the Milky Way on July 4, 1054. There was a great explosion
followed by three months of lighted skies, and historical chronicles ofthe time were full of
accounts and unusual explanations for the misunderstood phenomenon—many people believed
that it meanc that the world was coming to an end,
5, A “supernova” in line Lis which of the 6. According to the passage, which of the
following? following best describes the “Magellan
(A) The iron component ofa star eae arene
(B) The core of star (A) A galaxy inside the Milky Way
(©) The hydrogen in a star (B) Acloud composed of hydrogen
{D) The explosion of a star (©) Agalaxy near Earth's galaxy
(D) A cloud in the sky above the Earth READING QUESTIONS (Paper and Computer) 415
71. Look at the expression Nfilky Wain 8, Glick on the word in paragraph 2 that is
paragraph 2. The Milky Way is closest in meaning to
© part of Earth cenit
S A galaxy close to Earth
© the galaxy thatis home to Earth
acreamy-colored cloud in the sky
yustal
‘Sx. 9: DETERMINE MEANINGS FROM WORD PARTS
‘When you are asked to determine the meaning ofa long word that you do not know in the
reading section of either the paper TOEFL test or the computer TOEFL test, itis some-
times possible to determine the meaning of the word by studying the word parts. Look at a
‘multiple-choice example from the paper TOERL test where the answer can be determined.
from a word part.
[Example from the Paper TOEFL. Test
The passage:
Ring Lardner was born into a wealthy, educated, and.
‘cultured family. For the bulk of his career, he worked asa
reporter for newspapers in South Bend, Boston, St. Louis, and.
Line Chicago. However, its for his short stories of lower middle-
(5) class Americans that Ring Lardner is perhaps best known. In
these stories, Lardner vividly ereates the language and the
ambiance of this lower dass, often using the misspelled words,
‘grammatical errors, and incorrect diction that typified the
Tanguage of the lower middle class
‘The question:
‘The word “vividly” inline 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) inacultured way
(B) inacorrect way
(©) inalitelike way
(D) ina brief way
This question asks about the meaning of the word vividly. To answer this question, you
should notice that the word vividly contains the word part viv, which means life. Answer
(O) is therefore the best answer to this question. 416
READING
Now look at a multiple-choice example from the computer TOEFL test where the
answer can be determined from a word part.
Example from the Computer TOEFL Test [EIB
fing Lardner himself was born into a wealthy, Look tthe word mistpllod in he
‘educated. and cultured family. For the bul of is career, | | pasage. Ths word ls closest in meaning
the worked as 2 reporter for newspapers in South Bend, | | %©
Boston, St Louis, and Chicago. However it ifr his O hiahy improper
incorrectly written
short stories of lower middle-class American that Ring
Lardner is perhaps Best known. In these stores, Lardner
dy creates the nguage andthe amblace of this
lower class, often using the misspelled words,
grammatical errors. and incorrect dition that pied
the language ofthe lower mid css.
auite wher
OD extremely lone
This question asks about the meaning of the word misspelled, To answer this question, you
should notice that the word misspelled contains that word part mis, which means error or
incorrect. The second answer is therefore the best answer to this question. You should click
(on the second answer to this question.
Next, look at a click-on example from the computer TOEFL test where the answer can
be determined from a word part.
‘Example fom the Computer TOEFL Test IE
Ring Lardner hinsei was born int 2 wealthy Click onthe word inthe passage thats
educated and culeured fail. For the bulk of his carees, || closest in meaning to “speech”
he worked ssa reporter for newapapers in South Bend,
Boston, St Levis. and Chicago. However: iis for his
short sores of lower middle-class Americans tat Ring
Lene is perhaps best how. n dese stories, Lardner
‘ily rests the language andthe ambiance ofthis
lower chs, cften using the misspelled words,
{grammatical errors. and incorreet dion tha pied the
| language of the lower middleclass
This question asks you to find a word that is close in meaning to speech. To answer this ques-
tion, you should find the word diction, which contains the word part dic, in the passage.
‘The word part dic- means speak, so diction is the best answer to this question. You should
lick on diction to answer this question.
‘The following chart contains a few word parts that you will need to know to complete
the exercises in this part of the text. A more complete list of word parts and exercises to
practice them can be found in Appendix 1 at the back of the text. Line
6)
co)
wy
READING QUESTIONS (Paper and Computer) 417
'A SHORT LIST OF WORD PARTS
ant HEANING Dante arr MEANING panne
conrea (against) controst re (sy) detate
ma (ead) ‘moleontent own (master) dominant
os (error) smiseake yo (judge) Judgment
se (under) subway Mow (death) ‘mortal
ee (ten) decade sr (00) spectator
ma (many) ‘muliple | rem (earth) territory
sou (one) solo |x (curn) aver
we (three) riple w (ive) revive
TOEFL EXERCISE 9: Study each of the passages and choose the best answers to the ques:
tions that follow.
PASSAGE ONE (Questions 1-5)
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was a Portuguese-born explorer who is credited with the
exploration of the coast of what is today the state of California, Sketchy military records from the
period show that early in his career he served with the Spanish army from 1520 to 1524 in Spain's
‘quest for subjugation of the people in what are today Cuba, Mexico, and Guatemala, Litle is
Anown of his activities over the next decades, but apparently he succeeded in rising up through
the ranks of the military; in 1541, he was ordered by Antonio de Mendoza, the Spanish ruler of
Mexico, o explore the western coast of North America. Cabrillo set out in June of 1542 in
command of two ships, the San Saivadorand the Vicioria he reached San Diego Bay on September
28, 1542, and claimed the terrain for Spain. The peninsula where he landed is today named
Cabrillo Point in his honor; the area has been established as a national monument and patk, and
local residents each year hold a celebration and reenactment of Cabrillo’s landing.
From San Diego, Cabrillo continued northward for further exploration of the spectacular
California coastline. By November 1542, he had reached as far north as San Francisco Bay,
although he missed the entrance of the bay due to a huge storm. Soon after, with the approach of |
winter, he veered south and turned back to Mexico. He made it as far south as the Channel
Islands off the coast of what is today Santa Barbara. Cabrillo, who died on San Miguel Island in
the Channel Islands, never made it back to Mexico.
1. The word “subjugation” inline 4s, 8. Inline 9, the word "terrain" is closest in
closest in meaning to meaning to,
(A) religion () lana
(B) fag (B)_ population
(©) control (©) minerals
(D) agreement (D) prosperity
2. Look at the word decades in paragaph L
‘This word is closest in meaning vo
© months
S centuries
S long epoch
tenyear periods 48
Line
oO
uo
READING
4. Look at the word spectacular in
paragraph 2. This word is closest in
meaning to which of the following?
5. Look at the word veered in paragraph 2.
Click on another word in paragraph 2
that is close in meaning to veered.
© Raggedy handsome
S Visuatty exciting
S Completely uneven
& Unendingly toring
PASSAGE TWO (Questions 6-10)
Checks and balances are an important concept in the formation of the U.S. system of
government as presented in the Constitution of the United States. Under this conception of
government, each branch of government has builtin checks and limitations placed on it by one
‘oF more different branches of government in order to ensure that any one branch is not able to
usurp total dominance over the government. Under the Constitution, the United States has a
tripartite government, with power divided equally among the branches: the presidency, the
legislature, and the judiciary: Each branch is given some authority over the other two branches to
balance the power among the three branches. An example of these checks and balances is seen in
the steps needed to passa law. Congress can passa law with a simple majority, but the president
‘can veto stich a law: Congress ean then counteract the veto with a tworthirds majority. However,
even if Congress passes a law with a simple majority or overrides a presidential veto, the Supreme
‘Court can still declare the law unconstitutional fit finds that the law is contradictory to the
guidelines presented in the Constitution.
6. The expression “dominance over" in line 9. Look atthe word counteract in the
Sisclosestin meaning to passage. This word is closest in meaning
(A) understanding of i
(B) dispute over S wre for
(© authority over S debate
(D) rejection of S surpass
7. Look at the word tripartite in the
passage. This word suggests that
something is
© divided into three
S waaly democratic
S powerfully constructed
© evenly matched
8. ‘The “judiciary” in line 7is
(A) the electorate
(B) the authority
(©) the legal system
(D) the government
S work against
10. “Contradictory to” in line 12 is closest in
meaning to which of the following.
expressions?
(A) Anagreement with
(B) Opposite to
(©) Supported by
(D) Simitar to READING QUESTIONS (Paper and Computer) 419.
‘Ski. 10: USE CONTEXT TO DETERMINE MEANINGS OF DIFFICULT
‘WORDS
On both the paper TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL test, you may be asked to deter-
mine the meaning of a difficult word in a reading passage, a word that you are not
expected to know. In this case, the passage will probably give you a clear indication of what
the word means. Look at a multiple-choice example from the paper TOEFL. test where the
context helps you to understand the meaning of an unknown word,
Example from the Paper TOEFL Test [15]
‘The passage:
In a government election, the incumbent generally has a
strong advantage over a newcomer. A perton who is already in
‘office and thus has a certain degree of prominence has a
Line Beiter chance of being elected than does someone who is
(3) unknown to the electorate, History has shown a strong
proclivity in elections at all levels of government to return the
incumbent to offic.
‘The question:
‘An “incumbent” in line 1 is most likely
(A). a special ype of election
(B)_ apolitical party
(©) a beneficial comment
(D) acurrentofficeholder
‘This question asks about the meaning of the word incumbent. In this question, you are not
expected to know the meaning of the word incumbent. Instead, you should understand
from the context a person who is already in office that an incumbent is a current officeholder
Answer (D) is therefore the best answer to this question.
Now look at a multiple-choice example from the computer TOEFL test where the con-
text helps you to understand the meaning of an unknown word.
ample from the Computer TOEFL Test BB
Ina goverrmont clacton the incumbent generally has | { Look tthe word rate In the
astong advantage over a newcomer A person wha te | | passage. Ths word's Gosest in meaning
Already a ofce and thus has a certain degree of {0 which ofthe flowing?
prominence tas a better chance ofbeng ected tan || Fame
oes semeene who i unksown to the electorate.
History has shown a strong prov in elections 2 all
Jere of government to return the Incumbent 0 ofce.
S Timeliness
S routines
O Noveley 420 READING
‘This question asks about the meaning of the word prominence. In this question, you are not
expected to know the meaning of the word prominence. Instead, you should look at the con-
text, which contrasts a person who...has a certain degree of prominence with someone who is
unknown. From this context, you can determine that prominence is closest in meaning to
‘fame. You should click on the first answer to this question.
Next, look at a click-on example from the computer TOEFL test where the context
helps you to understand the meaning of an unknown word.
Example from the Computer TOE Test JIB
Ina government election the incumbent generally has |_| Clik on dhe word in the passage that i
‘strong advantage over a newcomer Apperson whole | | closestin meaing to “tendency”
already in office and ths has a certain degree of
brominence has a bemer chance of being elected thin
‘does romeone wh is vnoown tothe electorate
History ha shown a strong proclivity in elections 2 all
eves of governmene to return the incubere vo ofc
In this question, you must find a word that is close in meaning to tendengy. You should try
the word tendency in place of each of the words in the passage until you find a place where
it fits, Since it is meaningful to state that history has shown a strong tendency..., you can deter
mine that proclivity must be close in meaning to tendency even if you do not understand the
meaning of proctivity. You should click on proctioity to answer this question
‘The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about
vocabulary questions containing difficult words:
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS CONTAINING DIFFICULT WORDS fH DIK
HOWTO IDENTIFY | on both paper | Whotis te meaning of X"in ine?
THE QUESTION The word Xin ine closest in meaning to
Look atthe word in pororaphy. Click on another
word thats close in meaning to X.
‘Gck on the word n porogrophY thot i elosest in
‘meaning to.
WHERETO RIND | Information to help you understand the meaning of an unknown word
THE ANSWER {an often be found in the context surrounding the unknown word.
HOWTOANSWER | 1. Find the word in the passage.
THE QUESTION — | 2. Read the sentence that contains the word carefull.
3. Look for context cues to help you understand the meaning,
4. Choose the answer thatthe concext indiates. line
6
wo
Line
0
9
READING QUESTIONS (Paper and Computer) 421
TOEFL EXERCISE 10: Study each of the passages and choose the best answers to the
questions that follow.
PASSAGE ONE (Questions 14)
‘The black widow is the most dangerous spider living in the United States. It is most common,
in the southern parts of the country, but itcan be found throughout the country. The black
widow got its name because the female has been known to kill the male after mating and, asa
result, becomes a widow.
‘The black widow is rather distinctive in appearance: it hasa shiny globular body, the size
and shape ofa pea, and is marked on its underbelly with a red or yellow spot. The female is
considerably more ample than the male, roughly four times larger on the average.
Ifa human is bitten by a black widow, the spider's poison ean cause severe illness and pain,
Black widow bites have occasionally proved Aeailly, but itis certainly not the norm for black
widow bites to be mortal
1. Inline 8, the word “widow” means 3. The word “ample” in line 7 indicates that
the spider is
(A) a type of poison i
(B)_ the dead male spider (A) feminine
(C)_ the human victim of the spider (B) large
(D) afemale whose mate has died (©) dotted with cotors
(D) normal
2 Click on the word in paragraph 2 that is
closest in meaning to “spherical.” 4. Look at the word deadly in paragraph 3.
Click on another word in paragraph 3
that is close in meaning to deadly
PASSAGE TWO (Questions 5-8)
‘Tornadoes occur throughout the world, but for reasons that scientists are not fully able 10
discern, the great majority occur in the United States. Approximately 700 tornadoes a year occur
within the United States, and this comprises three-quarters of the worldwide total, Most of the
US. tornadoes take place in the Midwest and in the southern states that border the Gulf of
Mexico,
In general, a tornado cuts a path of a few hundred yards and lasts less than an hou an
average tornado might propel itself ata speed of 15 or 20 miles per hour and therefore cover a
distance of 20 oF so miles. Tornadoes, however, can be much worse than average. The most
devastating tornado on record occurred on March 18, 1925, in the states of Missouri, Ilinois, and
Indiana. The path of this tornado was more than 200 miles long and a mile wide, Traveling at an
average speed of 60 miles per hour, the winds at the center of the storm swirled around at
considerably more than 200 miles per hou. A total of 689 people died, and countless more were
injured, at the hands ofthis killer storm.
5. Click on the word in paragraph 1 that is 6. The word “propel” inline 7 could best
closest in meaning to “understand.” be replaced by
(A) move
(B) develop
(©) destroy
(D) inhibit m
READING
7. Which of the following is closes in 8. Look at the word siitéd in paragraph 2
meaning to the word “devastating” in “This word is closest in meaning to
pe S decreased
(A) Described S rose
@) Delicate SD seutea
(©) Destruct SO dirctea
(D) Determined
USE CONTEXT TO DETERMINE MEANINGS OF SIMPLE
WORDS,
Smite
On both the paper TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL test, you may be asked to deter-
mine the meaning of a simple word in a reading passage, a word that you see often
‘everyday English. In this type of question, you should not give the normal, everyday mean-
ing of the word; instead, a secondary meaning of the word is being tested, so you must
determine the meaning of the word in this situation. Look at a multiple-choice example
from the paper TOEFL test where a secondary meaning is the best answer to the question.
Example from the Paper TOEFL. Test [HE]
‘The passage:
Faced with serious threats to its future, the company is
taking steps to improve its outlook. The company has brought,
in a new crop of trainees to staf some of its empty positions,
Line In addition, the company has created a new committee to
(3) research various proposals and has appointed a key member
ofits management team to chair the committe.
‘The question:
‘The word “steps” inline I could best be replaced by
(A) stairs
(B) walks
(©) actions
(D) footprints
In this question, you are asked to choose a word that could replace steps. You should under-
stand that steps is a normal, everyday word that is not being used in its normal, everyday
‘way. Because the primary meaning of stepsis stars, this answer is not the correct answer. To
answer this type of question, you must see which answer best fits into the context in the pas-
sage. You cannot say that a company is taking stairs, or walks, or fotprints, but you can say that
4 company is taking actions, Answer (C) is therefore the best answer to this question. READING QUESTIONS (Paper and Computer) 423,
Now look at a multiple-choice example from the computer TOEFL test where a sec-
‘ondary meaning is the best answer to the question.
Example from the Computer TOEFL Test [OB
Faced with serious threats tot future the company
ts taking steps 0 improve ts outlook. The company has
Brough in a new crop ef trainees to staf some ofits
‘ep potions. In addon dhe company has created 2
new committe to research various proposals and has
appoinceda key member ofits management ream to
‘tr the committee,
Look a the word rop inthe passage
This word could best be replaced by
O proauce
SD goup
SD situation
O plaraton
In this question, you are asked to choose which word could replace crop. You should again
understand that the word cep is not being used in its primary meaning. The primary
meaning of crap might be produce, so this answer is not correct. To answer this type of ques-
tion, you must see which answer best fits into the context in the passage. A company would
not have a new produce of trainees, a new situation of trainees, or a new plantation of trainees, but
a company might have a new group of trainees. Group is the word that best fits into the con-
text and is therefore the best answer (0 this question, so you should click on the second
answer to answer this question.
Next, look at a click-on example from the computer TOEFL test where a secondary
meaning is the best answer to the question.
Example from the Computer TOEFL. Tet 23
: —.
Fac wi serous treats tthe company
isang tpt eo improves euock The company as
tect now Cop of eines esate
tye pion nso copay seed 3
new come wesc aos proper a as
tepomeds ay meer os mange ea
Shrine cone
a es a es
Click on the word inthe pasage that
‘ould best be replaced by Tea”
In this question, you are asked to find a word that could best be replaced by lead. You
should try the word lead in place of each of the words in the passage until you find a place
where it fits. Since it is possible to lead a committe, you can determine that chair could best
be replaced by lead in this context. You should click on chairto answer this question. oy
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